CLIMATE FACTS AND POLICY

POLICIES AND PROCESSES 89.3 MILLION tCO2e 9.4 TONNES PER CAPITA Policy framework National strategy for sustainable socioeconomic development until 2030 State programme on environmental protection and sustainable use of natural resources for 2016-2020 State programme to mitigate the effects of climate change for 2013-2020 Law on renewable energy sources Concept of energy security 2020 targets 8 per cent reduction of GHG emissions compared to 1990 Maintain GHG emissions in energy sector at the 2012 level Increase renewable energy sources to 6 per cent of gross energy consumption Reduce GDP energy intensity by 70 per cent compared to 1990 Reduce the share of gas in energy production from 91 per cent to 70 per cent 2030 targets and INDC Mitigation Base year: 1990 Unconditional 2030 target: total GHG emissions reduction of 28 per cent compared to the base year Increase share of renewable energy sources to 9 per cent Reduce GDP energy intensity by 25 per cent compared to 2010 Reduce share of gas in energy production by 50 per cent

Adaptation priorities 9.5 5,741 Forestry and agriculture as the most vulnerable sectors MILLION US $ POPULATION PER CAPITA Adaptation measures on territorial and urban development, transport infrastructure, recreation and 95% GDP human health OF TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FROM GHG inventory of all sectors and gases FOSSIL FUELS National inventory report to UNFCCC Second biennial report to UNFCCC Sixth national communication to UNFCCC Sources: National inventory report MRV and GHG emissions modelling systems being developed and implemented (1990-2014); demographic, energy and economic data from World Development Indicators of the World Bank: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/

CLIMATE ACTIONS CLIMATE FINANCE Paris agreement on climate change National and international investments in a green Belarus ratified Paris agreement on climate change in September economy 2016 Expected US $600 million by 2020 GHG emissions EBRD 2012 total GHG emissions 36 per cent below the 1990 level Belarus Sustainable Energy Financing Facility (BelSEFF) Regulation of GHG emissions across enterprises High and stable carbon absorption by forest and wetlands WB US $125 million for energy efficiency for 2009-2017 Energy-related actions US $135 million for forestry sector development and biomass district 50 per cent reduction in energy intensity of GDP from 2000 to 2013 heating for 2014-2020 Energy labeling, auditing and certification Special fixed tariffs for renewable energy sources and growing EU number of renewable energy projects Energy efficiency, renewable energy, green economy, air pollution, peatland management Adaptation actions Approved strategy for forestry adaptation until 2050 GEF Programme on forestry adaptation measures until 2030 Energy efficiency in residential buildings, wind energy development, Strategy for agricultural adaptation under development green urban development

Local initiatives UNECE Projects on green economy development Climate change adaptation in the River basin Growth in electric urban public transport 17 Belarus cities signatories to Covenant of Mayors UNDP Wind power development, phase-out of ozone depleting substances (GEF), energy efficiency at schools (EU) Rezekne

D a u g a LATVIA v a Velikiye Luki Siauliai Nevel Daugavpils Panevezys Drysviaty Lake RUSSIA Visaginas Novopolotsk Braslav Lakes Z a Postavy p. D vi Glubokoye na Kaunas

Smolensk Marijampole Novolukoml Vilnia

Molodechno Borisov Tolochin

B e Gorki re zi Lida na Roslavl Ne Minsk Mstislavl Grodno ma Mogilev n Berezino

Cherven Stolbtsy zh Marina Gorka Bykhov D So n i e Bialystok p e BELARUSr POLAND Slonim Baranovichi Slutsk Bobruysk Rogachev

Zhlobin Klintsy Energy andPruzhany emissions Soligorsk B Svetlogorsk ug Gomel D niep er-B ug-C Rechitsa Brest anal Petrikov Mozyr Energy and emissions

P r ip y a Shatsk t Fossil fuel energy installations and carbon emissions Renewable energy installations and plans Chernihiv Lakes D n i e CO2 emissions from thermal power plants, million tonnes per year: Solar park / solar park under construction p Sarny e Kovel Chernobyl r more than 5 Thermal power plant (coal/oil/gas) Wind park (installed capacity more than 1 MW) Kyiv Reservoir 2 — 5 UKRAINE Nuclear power plant under construction Hydropower plant / hydropower plant under construction 1 — 2 Korosten 0 1000.5 km — 1 Energy and emissions less than 0.5 EnergyEnergy and emissions and emissions Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, December 2016 Fossil fuel energy installations and carbon emissions Renewable energy installations and plans Forests (high CO2 absorption potential) FossilCO fuel2 emissions energy frominstallations thermal power and plants,carbon million emissions tonnes per year: Renewable Solarenergy park installations / solar park underand plansconstruction Pipelines Wind park (installed capacity more than 1 MW) CO2 emissionsmore than from 5 thermal powerThermal plants, power million plant tonnes (coal/oil/gas) per year: Solar park / solar park under construction Oil 2 — 5 Nuclear power plant under construction WindHydropower park (installed plant / hydropower capacity more plant than under 1 MW) construction Gas more1 — 2 than 5 Thermal power plant (coal/oil/gas) 20.5 — —5 1 Gas, planned Nuclear power plant under construction Hydropower plant / hydropower plant under construction 1less — 2than 0.5 0.5 — 1 less than 0.5 Forests (high CO2 absorption potential) Pipelines Forests (high CO2 absorption potential) PipelinesOil PoliciesOilGas and institutions GasGas, planned The MinistryGas, planned of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection The State programme on environmental protection and sustain- (MNREP) is the main responsible body for environmental policies able use of natural resources for 2016-2020 defines climate pol- and legislation, including those related to climate change. It over- icy until 2020 and covers GHG emission reductions. Belarus is sees the reporting to UNFCCC, and chairs the inter-agency work- currently developing a framework for reducing the energy and ing group on climate change. The Research Centre “Ecology“ carbon intensity of the national economy. The country has also within the MNREP maintains the national GHG inventory system. established a state programme to mitigate the effects of climate change for 2013-2020. The National strategy for sustainable socioeconomic develop- ment until 2030 is the key guidance document for long-term de- The Concept of energy security until 2020 is focused on energy velopment and a green economy in Belarus. MNREP in coopera- diversification, energy efficiency and renewables: Belarus plans tion with other ministries is currently developing a national action to reach a 6 per cent share of renewables in energy use, and to plan to implement green economy principles for 2016-2020. An reduce the share of gas in energy production. The country expects inter-agency commission for the transition to a green economy to complete construction of its first nuclear power plant in 2018. has also been established. D a u g a v LATVIA a Velikiye Luki

Siauliai Daugavpils Panevezys Drysviaty Lake RUSSIA Novopolotsk LITHUANIA Braslav Lakes Polotsk Z Postavy a p. D Glubokoye vi na Vitebsk Kaunas Smolensk

Marijampole Vilnius Novolukoml Vilnia Tolochin Molodechno Orsha Borisov D B n e ie Gorki r p e e zi r Lida na Ne Minsk Roslavl ma Mogilev Grodno n Berezino Mstislavl

Cherven Stolbtsy zh Marina Gorka Bykhov So Bialystok BELARUS POLAND Slonim Baranovichi Slutsk Bobruysk Rogachev

Zhlobin Soligorsk Klintsy

B Svetlogorsk ug Gomel D niep Rechitsa Kobryn er-B ug-C Pinsk Brest anal Petrikov

Stolin Mozyr

P r ip y a Shatsk t Impacts ofChernihiv climate change Lakes D n i e p Sarny e Kovel Chernobyl Forestr productivity change by 2050: Increasing risk of peat fires UKRAINEKyiv ReservoirSpruce: More frequent droughts more less Increasing risks of floods Korosten Pine: 0 100 km Negative impacts on agriculture and food production ImpactsImpacts of climate of changeclimate change moreMap produced by ZOÏ Environmentless Network, December 2016 Heatwaves, infection outbreaks, air and water pollution, drinking water scarcity

Forest productivity change by 2050: Increasing risk of peat fires Invasive animals and plants from the west Spruce: More frequent droughts Invasive fish and other aquatic species from more less the south Increasing risks of floods Pine: Negative impacts on agriculture and food production more less Heatwaves, infection outbreaks, air and water pollution, drinking water scarcity

Invasive animals and plants from the west Invasive fish and other aquatic species from Belarusthe south scorecard

Share of global GHG emissions National climate policy actors Emissions volume per capita Policy leadership: Inter-agency Commission for transition Climate change targets to a green economy; Inter-agency Working Group on cli- mate change under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Mitigation commitment: Environment Protection Emissions reduction UNFCCC focal point: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Protection Decoupling from population growth Decoupling from economic growth GHG inventory: Research Centre “Ecology“ Renewable energy prospects Climate Technology network coordination: Republican unitary enterprise “Ecology invest” Adaptation action Greenhouse gas emissions and projections for Belarus Million tonnes 160

140

120 INDC 100

80

60

40

20

0 Projections 20

400 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2020 2030

Energy Industrial processes Agriculture Waste Land use, land use change and forestry

Projections are based on Belarus' national targets and INDC © Zoï Environment Network (2017)

Climate actions

In September 2016 Belarus ratified the Paris agreement on cli- EBRD maintains­ ­­ a Belarus Sustainable Energy Finance Facility mate change. In its INDC, Belarus aims for an unconditional re- (BelSEFF) credit line, of which US $50 million is aimed at renew- duction of GHG emissions by a minimum of 28 per cent of the able energy and energy efficiency in the private sector, and US 1990 level by 2030 (exclusive of LULUCF). By 2018 necessary $42 million at reforms in housing and communal services. GEF legal provisions and a framework for implementing the commit- supports a portfolio of energy-efficient housing development and ment are to be developed. wind energy, and the World Bank has been providing loans for improved energy efficiency for several years. The country managed to significantly reduce GHG emissions in the past, with relatively low marginal costs. In the period of 1995- The European Union funds several energy efficiency, renewable 2005 energy efficiency, energy saving and the promotion of re- energy, climate adaptation, waste management, green economy newables accounted for about 1.6 per cent of GDP, and in 2011- and environmental projects. The amount of EU funding in 2012- 2015, 5 per cent of GDP. The share of state budget funds in these 2020 is expected to reach €37 million. UNECE, through the En- investments was at least 30 per cent, while the rest was covered vironment and Security Initiative, supported the preparation of a by external funding sources and aid. In one of the fastest rates climate adaptation strategy for the transboundary Neman River of low-carbon development in Europe, the carbon intensity of the basin. economy decreased by almost 70 per cent from 1990 to 2012. Still, significant steps remain to be achieved to make Belarusian economy more energy efficient. Sources of information for the scorecard

Forests and peatlands play a major role in the absorption of GHG Publications, strategies and legislation: the National strategy for sustain- emissions in Belarus: forest cover has increased by 4 per cent able socioeconomic development for the period until 2030; the Law on since 1990, forest cover being 39 per cent in 2013 and expected renewable energy sources; the Energy security concept; the State pro- to reach 41 per cent by 2030. At the same time, forestry has been gramme on energy savings; the State programme on environmental pro- identified as one of the most climate-vulnerable sectors, and a tection and sustainable use of natural resources for 2016-2020; Sixth na- forestry adaptation strategy until 2050 has been developed. An tional communication to UNFCCC, INDC. adaptation strategy for the agriculture sector is under develop- ment. Between 2016 and 2019 the country is planning to draft Publications and materials of World Bank, EBRD, GEF, UNECE, UNDP, legislation and an institutional framework for implementation of EU ClimaEast project specific national adaptation measures. Analytical materials and information provided by Zoï Environment Network, and organizations and experts of the Republic of Belarus

This publication has been pro- Climate finance duced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents Belarus finances climate change activities both through gov- of this publication are the sole ernment programmes and through external donor funding. responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect Modernization of the energy sector, including development of the views of the European Union. renewables, is identified as a national policy priority, and inter- national agencies such as GEF, World Bank and UNDP support The designations employed and the presentation do not imply the expression of projects on energy efficiency both through grants and loans. any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or region or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.