Toward a Queer Diasporic Asian America
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City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 6-2017 Cruising Borders, Unsettling Identities: Toward a Queer Diasporic Asian America Wen Liu The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2017 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Running head: CRUISING BORDERS UNSETTLING IDENTITIES CRUISING BORDERS, UNSETTLING IDENTITIES TOWARD A QUEER DIASPORIC ASIAN AMERICA by WEN LIU A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Psychology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2017 CRUISING BORDERS UNSETTLING IDENTITIES © 2017 WEN LIU All Rights Reserved ii CRUISING BORDERS UNSETTLING IDENTITIES Cruising Borders, Unsettling Identities: Toward A Queer Diasporic Asian America by Wen Liu This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Psychology in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ___________________ _____________________________________________ Date Michelle Fine Chair of Examination Committee ___________________ _____________________________________________ Date Richard Bodnar Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Sunil Bhatia Celina Su THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii CRUISING BORDERS UNSETTLING IDENTITIES ABSTRACT Cruising Borders, Unsettling Identities: Toward A Queer Diasporic Asian America by Wen Liu Advisor: Michelle Fine In this dissertation, I challenge the dominant conceptualization of Asian Americanness as a biological and cultural population and a cohesive racial category. Instead, I consider it as a form of flexible subjectivity and an affective emergence that occurs and materializes due to the multiple sites of convergence in the neoliberal assemblage of model minority ideology, imperialist geopolitical history, racialized queer politics, and criminal (in)justices. I examine the spatial and temporal configurations of Asian American subjectivity through a queer and postcolonial lens, first by conducting a critical historical review of the category of Asian American in the geopolitical history of psychological knowledge making; second with an ethnographic investigation of the divergent temporal claims of Asian Americanness toward neoliberal colorblindness and nostalgic forms of Afro-Asian solidarity in the context of Black Lives Matter; and finally through a phenomenological narrative analysis of queer Asian American activists navigating family trauma, the loss of the nation of origin, and transnational political journeys. Drawing from the cultural texts of psychological literature and Asian American representations in the public discourses as well as empirical data on Asian American political participation and life history narratives, the dissertation illustrates Asian Americanness as an assemblage of post-racial futurity and enactments of geopolitical conflicts. The analysis demonstrates how this spatial and temporal assemblage stratifies transnational racial positions by iv CRUISING BORDERS UNSETTLING IDENTITIES technologies of neoliberal multiculturalism and mediates the US relations with Asia Pacific simultaneously through military occupation and economic cooperation. Keywords: Asian American, neoliberalism, assemblage, queer theory, diaspora v CRUISING BORDERS UNSETTLING IDENTITIES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The dissertation project is built on the intellectual traditions of social psychology in the critical psychology program at the Graduate Center, CUNY. I am deeply grateful to my advisor, Michelle Fine, for her ongoing encouragement and support for the type of scholarship I want to pursue. Her mentorship has guided me through the often unclear and nebulous process of research and challenged me to articulate my project’s critical contributions beyond its theoretical arguments. I am thankful to the members of my dissertation committee, Sunil Bhatia, Celina Su, Tamara Buckley, and Kyoo Lee, for their openness, patience, guidance, and friendship that have been central to not only the development of the dissertation research but also my intellectual growth. I am indebted to these mentors and intellectuals who have taught me integrity and humility and continually inspired me to become a more publicly engaged and well-rounded scholar. I have massive appreciations to my colleagues and friends in the critical psychology program who have built a strong network of social support and intellectual community at the Graduate Center that has made me feel connected and whole in spite of the alienating and competitive structure of academia itself. My social psychology cohort, the affect study group, and the adjunct organizing network have especially grounded me in this enormous, perplexing, and at times disorienting institution of higher education and provided me with strengthens and wisdom to survive, fight, and care for one another. I am greatly indebted to my parents, who are the primary reason that has made me believe I can pursue this work without any fear or doubt. Particularly, I am deeply grateful to my mother—a dedicated educator and a first-generation professor in her family—who has provided me with a clear example of the path of a scholar with her own life. I also have tremendous vi CRUISING BORDERS UNSETTLING IDENTITIES appreciations to my partner, Lei, who has moved to New York to support me through this difficult and intense process of writing the dissertation and completing the degree. Thanks to her ceaseless encouragement, care, and faith when I needed them the most. Finally, I want to thank the members of Asian and Pacific Islander Peoples’ Solidarity and other comrades in the movements of #Asians4BlackLives across the country. This project would not have existed without their commitments to racial justice, anti-imperialism, and gender and sexual liberation. I am grateful to their continual inspiration for me to believe that another society and futurity is possible even during the most dismal and troubling time. I am thankful for all the informants in this research who were so generous and open to share segments of their rich stories with me and who challenged me to read beyond the dominant narratives about our own communities. vii CRUISING BORDERS UNSETTLING IDENTITIES Table of Contents ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... viii List of Tables and Figures ............................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................... 1 Conflictual Representations of Asian Americans ..................................................................................... 3 Asian Americanness as an Assemblage .................................................................................................... 7 Literature Review: From America as a Homebase to Diasproic Challenges ............................................ 9 Neoliberal Multiculturalism .................................................................................................................... 12 Queer Liberalism and Homonationalism ................................................................................................ 14 Psychological Splitting ............................................................................................................................ 16 Research Questions and Objectives ........................................................................................................ 18 Organization of the Dissertation .............................................................................................................. 23 CHAPTER 2: METHODS AND ANALYSIS: THE TEXTUAL, BODILY, AND PSYCHICAL ....................................................................................................................................................... 25 The Textual: Psychological Science as a Genre of Discourse ................................................................ 27 The Bodily: Ethnography on Movement and Friction ............................................................................ 28 The Psychical: Activist Narratives and Queer Negativity ....................................................................... 31 On Analysis: Sideways Reading of Asian America ................................................................................ 33 On Reflexivity: Queer of Color Critique ................................................................................................. 34 CHAPTER 3: PSYCHOLOGY CONSTRUCTS ASIAN AMERICAN ...................................... 36 Orientalism as a Psychological Epistemology ........................................................................................ 37 Diasporic Cruising: Finding Asian Americanness in the Scientism of Psychology ..............................