October 5, 2020
VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL Thomas Schlamme, President Russell Hollander, National Executive Director Directors Guild of America 7920 Sunset Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90046
Dear Messrs. Schlamme and Hollander,
Forty-three state and territorial Attorneys General called on the nation’s leading Video on Demand (“VOD”) streaming companies to reduce youth exposure to tobacco imagery in movies and programs in August 2019. The Attorneys General encouraged the companies to take action, especially in light of the alarming numbers of high school and middle school students using electronic cigarettes.1 Many of the companies and the Motion Picture Association (“MPA”) responded, in part, by asking for Hollywood’s creative community to be included in this important discussion. This bipartisan coalition of Attorneys General now request the Directors Guild of America, Producers Guild of America, Screenwriters Guild of America, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, and International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (collectively, “the Guilds”) to help us protect young audiences from tobacco use.2
The Attorneys General successfully sued the U.S.’s major tobacco manufacturers in the mid-1990s for, among other misdeeds, promoting tobacco use as safe in television ads and in motion pictures. After settling those lawsuits, many Attorneys General asked film studios to eliminate tobacco imagery in movies for children, including films rated G, PG, and PG- 13. Representatives of the Attorneys General also met with leaders from the creative community in 2003 to share research that found a link between youth exposure to smoking imagery depicted in movies and youth smoking initiation.
This early research was later confirmed in 2012, following a decade of studies conducted in a dozen countries with more than 50,000 adolescents, when the Surgeon General concluded, “[T]here is a causal relationship between
1 About one of every five (19.6%) high school students and about one in every twenty (4.7%) middle school students reported using e-cigarettes in the past thirty days. (https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/youth_data/tobacco_use/index.htm [last visited Sept. 15, 2020].) 2 Over 480,000 Americans (about one in five deaths) die every year from cigarette smoking. (https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/index.htm#beginning [last visited Sept. 8, 2020].) Letter to Directors Guild of America October 5, 2020 Page 2 of 6
depictions of smoking in the movies and the initiation of smoking among young people.”3 A 2020 study by Truth Initiative now shows youth and young adults who watch episodic programs with tobacco imagery via streaming, cable, and broadcast television are significantly more likely to initiate vaping than those who are not exposed to tobacco imagery on those media. In fact, even those with low levels of exposure were more than twice as likely to start using e-cigarettes, and those with high exposure were over three times more likely.4 Previous studies by Truth Initiative found higher percentages of tobacco imagery in streamed original programs that are popular with youth during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 seasons than on broadcast television.5 Compounding these findings, many American children are now consuming more media while at home, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.6
In the race to launch new platforms, provide more content, and capture audiences, many streaming companies failed to consider the impact that easy access to movies and programs with tobacco imagery has upon children. The MPA ratings system and TV Parental Guidelines, that were designed to shield youth from mature content in theaters and on broadcast television, provide little protection in the world of VOD streaming. With no industry-wide safeguards in place, children can more easily view mature content, including streaming PG-13, TV-14, R, and TV-MA-rated movies and programs with tobacco imagery.
We ask the Guilds to use their collective influence to persuade members of the creative community to depict tobacco imagery responsibly, while still supporting artistic freedoms. We also ask the Guilds to encourage streaming companies to adopt best practices that navigate youth audiences away from movies and shows with tobacco imagery. Among these practices, we have proposed banning tobacco imagery in all future, original youth-rated or youth-targeted content, with limited exceptions.7 We have also asked streaming companies to recommend and promote
3 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD, 2012, at 602. 4 Morgane Bennett, et al., Exposure to Tobacco Content in Episodic Programs and Tobacco and E-Cigarette Initiation, Preventive Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106169, Aug. 1, 2020, at 3. 5 Truth Initiative, While You Were Streaming: Smoking on Demand – A Surge in Tobacco Imagery is Putting Youth at Risk, June 2019, at 4. 6 The Nielsen Company reported a 55% increase in VOD streaming. (https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2020/connected-tv-usage-remains-above-pre- covid-19-levels-as-traditional-tv-viewing-normalizes/ [last visited Sept. 8, 2020]. 7 As exceptions, youth rated content may 1) depict historical figures who actually used tobacco or 2) clearly show the negative health effects of tobacco use. All other content with tobacco imagery should be rated TV-MA, R, or a higher designation.
Letter to Directors Guild of America October 5, 2020 Page 3 of 6
only tobacco-free titles for children and families. We have challenged the companies to mitigate the historic and cumulative impact of watching tobacco imagery in movies and programs by running strong anti-tobacco spots, especially before videos with smoking or vaping. In addition, we have encouraged the companies to display prominent and forceful tobacco warnings before content with tobacco imagery and to offer effective parental controls, so families may be empowered to choose smoke-free content.
The Guilds’ assistance and support is critical to implementing these changes and stopping the renormalization and glamorization of tobacco use. We look forward to opening discussions with you about ways the creative community can protect children, while maintaining artistic integrity. Please respond to Michael Hering, Director and Chief Counsel, National Association of Attorneys General Center for Tobacco and Public Health, at [email protected] or (202) 326- 6023, by October 30, 2020, with the name and title of a contact person within your organization with whom we can speak regarding this important matter. Thank you for your attention to this critical issue.
Sincerely,
Xavier Becerra Douglas Peterson California Attorney General Nebraska Attorney General
Clyde “Ed” Sniffen, Jr. Leslie Rutledge Acting Alaska Attorney General Arkansas Attorney General
Phil Weiser William Tong Colorado Attorney General Connecticut Attorney General Letter to Directors Guild of America October 5, 2020 Page 4 of 6
Kathleen Jennings Karl A. Racine Delaware Attorney General District of Columbia Attorney General
Leevin Taitano Camacho Ashley Moody Guam Attorney General Florida Attorney General
Clare E. Connors Lawrence Wasden Hawaii Attorney General Idaho Attorney General
Kwame Raoul Tom Miller Illinois Attorney General Iowa Attorney General
Derek Schmidt Daniel Cameron Kansas Attorney General Kentucky Attorney General
Jeff Landry Aaron M. Frey Louisiana Attorney General Maine Attorney General
Brian Frosh Maura Healey Maryland Attorney General Massachusetts Attorney General Letter to Directors Guild of America October 5, 2020 Page 5 of 6
Dana Nessel Keith Ellison Michigan Attorney General Minnesota Attorney General
Tim Fox Aaron D. Ford Montana Attorney General Nevada Attorney General
Gordon MacDonald Gurbir S. Grewal New Hampshire Attorney General New Jersey Attorney General
Hector Balderas Letitia James New Mexico Attorney General New York Attorney General
Josh Stein Edward Manibusan North Carolina Attorney General Northern Mariana Islands Attorney General
Dave Yost Mike Hunter Ohio Attorney General Oklahoma Attorney General
Letter to Directors Guild of America October 5, 2020 Page 6 of 6
Ellen F. Rosenblum Josh Shapiro Oregon Attorney General Pennsylvania Attorney General
Inés del C. Carrau-Martínez Peter F. Neronha Acting Puerto Rico Attorney General Rhode Island Attorney General
Herbert H. Slatery III Sean Reyes Tennessee Attorney General Utah Attorney General
T.J. Donovan Mark R. Herring Vermont Attorney General Virginia Attorney General
Denise N. George Robert W. Ferguson U.S. Virgin Islands Attorney General Washington Attorney General
Joshua L. Kaul Wisconsin Attorney General
Enclosure: August 6, 2019 Multi-State Attorneys General Letter
Cc: Celeste Drake, Executive in Charge of Government Affairs ÿ
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October 5, 2020
VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL Matthew D. Loeb International President International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees 2210 W. Olive Avenue Burbank, CA 91506
Dear Mr. Loeb,
Forty-three state and territorial Attorneys General called on the nation’s leading Video on Demand (“VOD”) streaming companies to reduce youth exposure to tobacco imagery in movies and programs in August 2019. The Attorneys General encouraged the companies to take action, especially in light of the alarming numbers of high school and middle school students using electronic cigarettes.1 Many of the companies and the Motion Picture Association (“MPA”) responded, in part, by asking for Hollywood’s creative community to be included in this important discussion. This bipartisan coalition of Attorneys General now request the Directors Guild of America, Producers Guild of America, Screenwriters Guild of America, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, and International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (collectively, “the Guilds”) to help us protect young audiences from tobacco use.2
The Attorneys General successfully sued the U.S.’s major tobacco manufacturers in the mid-1990s for, among other misdeeds, promoting tobacco use as safe in television ads and in motion pictures. After settling those lawsuits, many Attorneys General asked film studios to eliminate tobacco imagery in movies for children, including films rated G, PG, and PG- 13. Representatives of the Attorneys General also met with leaders from the creative community in 2003 to share research that found a link between youth exposure to smoking imagery depicted in movies and youth smoking initiation.
This early research was later confirmed in 2012, following a decade of studies conducted in a dozen countries with more than 50,000 adolescents, when the Surgeon General concluded, “[T]here is a causal relationship between
1 About one of every five (19.6%) high school students and about one in every twenty (4.7%) middle school students reported using e-cigarettes in the past thirty days. (https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/youth_data/tobacco_use/index.htm [last visited Sept. 15, 2020].) 2 Over 480,000 Americans (about one in five deaths) die every year from cigarette smoking. (https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/index.htm#beginning [last visited Sept. 8, 2020].)
Letter to IATSE October 5, 2020 Page 2 of 6
depictions of smoking in the movies and the initiation of smoking among young people.”3 A 2020 study by Truth Initiative now shows youth and young adults who watch episodic programs with tobacco imagery via streaming, cable, and broadcast television are significantly more likely to initiate vaping than those who are not exposed to tobacco imagery on those media. In fact, even those with low levels of exposure were more than twice as likely to start using e-cigarettes, and those with high exposure were over three times more likely.4 Previous studies by Truth Initiative found higher percentages of tobacco imagery in streamed original programs that are popular with youth during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 seasons than on broadcast television.5 Compounding these findings, many American children are now consuming more media while at home, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.6
In the race to launch new platforms, provide more content, and capture audiences, many streaming companies failed to consider the impact that easy access to movies and programs with tobacco imagery has upon children. The MPA ratings system and TV Parental Guidelines, that were designed to shield youth from mature content in theaters and on broadcast television, provide little protection in the world of VOD streaming. With no industry-wide safeguards in place, children can more easily view mature content, including streaming PG-13, TV-14, R, and TV-MA-rated movies and programs with tobacco imagery.
We ask the Guilds to use their collective influence to persuade members of the creative community to depict tobacco imagery responsibly, while still supporting artistic freedoms. We also ask the Guilds to encourage streaming companies to adopt best practices that navigate youth audiences away from movies and shows with tobacco imagery. Among these practices, we have proposed banning tobacco imagery in all future, original youth-rated or youth-targeted content, with limited exceptions.7 We have also asked streaming companies to recommend and promote
3 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD, 2012, at 602. 4 Morgane Bennett, et al., Exposure to Tobacco Content in Episodic Programs and Tobacco and E-Cigarette Initiation, Preventive Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106169, Aug. 1, 2020, at 3. 5 Truth Initiative, While You Were Streaming: Smoking on Demand – A Surge in Tobacco Imagery is Putting Youth at Risk, June 2019, at 4. 6 The Nielsen Company reported a 55% increase in VOD streaming. (https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2020/connected-tv-usage-remains-above-pre- covid-19-levels-as-traditional-tv-viewing-normalizes/ [last visited Sept. 8, 2020]. 7 As exceptions, youth rated content may 1) depict historical figures who actually used tobacco or 2) clearly show the negative health effects of tobacco use. All other content with tobacco imagery should be rated TV-MA, R, or a higher designation.
Letter to IATSE October 5, 2020 Page 3 of 6
only tobacco-free titles for children and families. We have challenged the companies to mitigate the historic and cumulative impact of watching tobacco imagery in movies and programs by running strong anti-tobacco spots, especially before videos with smoking or vaping. In addition, we have encouraged the companies to display prominent and forceful tobacco warnings before content with tobacco imagery and to offer effective parental controls, so families may be empowered to choose smoke-free content.
The Guilds’ assistance and support is critical to implementing these changes and stopping the renormalization and glamorization of tobacco use. We look forward to opening discussions with you about ways the creative community can protect children, while maintaining artistic integrity. Please respond to Michael Hering, Director and Chief Counsel, National Association of Attorneys General Center for Tobacco and Public Health, at [email protected] or (202) 326- 6023, by October 30, 2020, with the name and title of a contact person within your organization with whom we can speak regarding this important matter. Thank you for your attention to this critical issue.
Sincerely,
Xavier Becerra Douglas Peterson California Attorney General Nebraska Attorney General
Clyde “Ed” Sniffen, Jr. Leslie Rutledge Acting Alaska Attorney General Arkansas Attorney General
Phil Weiser William Tong Colorado Attorney General Connecticut Attorney General
Letter to IATSE October 5, 2020 Page 4 of 6
Kathleen Jennings Karl A. Racine Delaware Attorney General District of Columbia Attorney General
Leevin Taitano Camacho Ashley Moody Guam Attorney General Florida Attorney General
Clare E. Connors Lawrence Wasden Hawaii Attorney General Idaho Attorney General
Kwame Raoul Tom Miller Illinois Attorney General Iowa Attorney General
Derek Schmidt Daniel Cameron Kansas Attorney General Kentucky Attorney General
Jeff Landry Aaron M. Frey Louisiana Attorney General Maine Attorney General
Brian Frosh Maura Healey Maryland Attorney General Massachusetts Attorney General
Letter to IATSE October 5, 2020 Page 5 of 6
Dana Nessel Keith Ellison Michigan Attorney General Minnesota Attorney General
Tim Fox Aaron D. Ford Montana Attorney General Nevada Attorney General
Gordon MacDonald Gurbir S. Grewal New Hampshire Attorney General New Jersey Attorney General
Hector Balderas Letitia James New Mexico Attorney General New York Attorney General
Josh Stein Edward Manibusan North Carolina Attorney General Northern Mariana Islands Attorney General
Dave Yost Mike Hunter Ohio Attorney General Oklahoma Attorney General
Letter to IATSE October 5, 2020 Page 6 of 6
Ellen F. Rosenblum Josh Shapiro Oregon Attorney General Pennsylvania Attorney General
Inés del C. Carrau-Martínez Peter F. Neronha Acting Puerto Rico Attorney General Rhode Island Attorney General
Herbert H. Slatery III Sean Reyes Tennessee Attorney General Utah Attorney General
T.J. Donovan Mark R. Herring Vermont Attorney General Virginia Attorney General
Denise N. George Robert W. Ferguson U.S. Virgin Islands Attorney General Washington Attorney General
Joshua L. Kaul Wisconsin Attorney General
Enclosure: August 6, 2019 Multi-State Attorneys General Letter
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October 5, 2020
VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL Gail Berman, President Lucy Fisher, President Producers Guild of America 11150 West Olympic Boulevard, Suite 980 Los Angeles, CA 90064
Dear Mmes. Berman and Fisher,
Forty-three state and territorial Attorneys General called on the nation’s leading Video on Demand (“VOD”) streaming companies to reduce youth exposure to tobacco imagery in movies and programs in August 2019. The Attorneys General encouraged the companies to take action, especially in light of the alarming numbers of high school and middle school students using electronic cigarettes.1 Many of the companies and the Motion Picture Association (“MPA”) responded, in part, by asking for Hollywood’s creative community to be included in this important discussion. This bipartisan coalition of Attorneys General now request the Directors Guild of America, Producers Guild of America, Screenwriters Guild of America, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, and International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (collectively, “the Guilds”) to help us protect young audiences from tobacco use.2
The Attorneys General successfully sued the U.S.’s major tobacco manufacturers in the mid-1990s for, among other misdeeds, promoting tobacco use as safe in television ads and in motion pictures. After settling those lawsuits, many Attorneys General asked film studios to eliminate tobacco imagery in movies for children, including films rated G, PG, and PG- 13. Representatives of the Attorneys General also met with leaders from the creative community in 2003 to share research that found a link between youth exposure to smoking imagery depicted in movies and youth smoking initiation.
This early research was later confirmed in 2012, following a decade of studies conducted in a dozen countries with more than 50,000 adolescents, when the Surgeon General concluded, “[T]here is a causal relationship between
1 About one of every five (19.6%) high school students and about one in every twenty (4.7%) middle school students reported using e-cigarettes in the past thirty days. (https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/youth_data/tobacco_use/index.htm [last visited Sept. 15, 2020].) 2 Over 480,000 Americans (about one in five deaths) die every year from cigarette smoking. (https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/index.htm#beginning [last visited Sept. 8, 2020].)
Letter to Producers Guild of America October 5, 2020 Page 2 of 6
depictions of smoking in the movies and the initiation of smoking among young people.”3 A 2020 study by Truth Initiative now shows youth and young adults who watch episodic programs with tobacco imagery via streaming, cable, and broadcast television are significantly more likely to initiate vaping than those who are not exposed to tobacco imagery on those media. In fact, even those with low levels of exposure were more than twice as likely to start using e-cigarettes, and those with high exposure were over three times more likely.4 Previous studies by Truth Initiative found higher percentages of tobacco imagery in streamed original programs that are popular with youth during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 seasons than on broadcast television.5 Compounding these findings, many American children are now consuming more media while at home, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.6
In the race to launch new platforms, provide more content, and capture audiences, many streaming companies failed to consider the impact that easy access to movies and programs with tobacco imagery has upon children. The MPA ratings system and TV Parental Guidelines, that were designed to shield youth from mature content in theaters and on broadcast television, provide little protection in the world of VOD streaming. With no industry-wide safeguards in place, children can more easily view mature content, including streaming PG-13, TV-14, R, and TV-MA-rated movies and programs with tobacco imagery.
We ask the Guilds to use their collective influence to persuade members of the creative community to depict tobacco imagery responsibly, while still supporting artistic freedoms. We also ask the Guilds to encourage streaming companies to adopt best practices that navigate youth audiences away from movies and shows with tobacco imagery. Among these practices, we have proposed banning tobacco imagery in all future, original youth-rated or youth-targeted content, with limited exceptions.7 We have also asked streaming companies to recommend and promote
3 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD, 2012, at 602. 4 Morgane Bennett, et al., Exposure to Tobacco Content in Episodic Programs and Tobacco and E-Cigarette Initiation, Preventive Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106169, Aug. 1, 2020, at 3. 5 Truth Initiative, While You Were Streaming: Smoking on Demand – A Surge in Tobacco Imagery is Putting Youth at Risk, June 2019, at 4. 6 The Nielsen Company reported a 55% increase in VOD streaming. (https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2020/connected-tv-usage-remains-above-pre- covid-19-levels-as-traditional-tv-viewing-normalizes/ [last visited Sept. 8, 2020]. 7 As exceptions, youth rated content may 1) depict historical figures who actually used tobacco or 2) clearly show the negative health effects of tobacco use. All other content with tobacco imagery should be rated TV-MA, R, or a higher designation.
Letter to Producers Guild of America October 5, 2020 Page 3 of 6
only tobacco-free titles for children and families. We have challenged the companies to mitigate the historic and cumulative impact of watching tobacco imagery in movies and programs by running strong anti-tobacco spots, especially before videos with smoking or vaping. In addition, we have encouraged the companies to display prominent and forceful tobacco warnings before content with tobacco imagery and to offer effective parental controls, so families may be empowered to choose smoke-free content.
The Guilds’ assistance and support is critical to implementing these changes and stopping the renormalization and glamorization of tobacco use. We look forward to opening discussions with you about ways the creative community can protect children, while maintaining artistic integrity. Please respond to Michael Hering, Director and Chief Counsel, National Association of Attorneys General Center for Tobacco and Public Health, at [email protected] or (202) 326- 6023, by October 30, 2020, with the name and title of a contact person within your organization with whom we can speak regarding this important matter. Thank you for your attention to this critical issue.
Sincerely,
Xavier Becerra Douglas Peterson California Attorney General Nebraska Attorney General
Clyde “Ed” Sniffen, Jr. Leslie Rutledge Acting Alaska Attorney General Arkansas Attorney General
Phil Weiser William Tong Colorado Attorney General Connecticut Attorney General
Letter to Producers Guild of America October 5, 2020 Page 4 of 6
Kathleen Jennings Karl A. Racine Delaware Attorney General District of Columbia Attorney General
Leevin Taitano Camacho Ashley Moody Guam Attorney General Florida Attorney General
Clare E. Connors Lawrence Wasden Hawaii Attorney General Idaho Attorney General
Kwame Raoul Tom Miller Illinois Attorney General Iowa Attorney General
Derek Schmidt Daniel Cameron Kansas Attorney General Kentucky Attorney General
Jeff Landry Aaron M. Frey Louisiana Attorney General Maine Attorney General
Brian Frosh Maura Healey Maryland Attorney General Massachusetts Attorney General
Letter to Producers Guild of America October 5, 2020 Page 5 of 6
Dana Nessel Keith Ellison Michigan Attorney General Minnesota Attorney General
Tim Fox Aaron D. Ford Montana Attorney General Nevada Attorney General
Gordon MacDonald Gurbir S. Grewal New Hampshire Attorney General New Jersey Attorney General
Hector Balderas Letitia James New Mexico Attorney General New York Attorney General
Josh Stein Edward Manibusan North Carolina Attorney General Northern Mariana Islands Attorney General
Dave Yost Ohio Attorney General Mike Hunter Oklahoma Attorney General
Letter to Producers Guild of America October 5, 2020 Page 6 of 6
Ellen F. Rosenblum Josh Shapiro Oregon Attorney General Pennsylvania Attorney General
Inés del C. Carrau-Martínez Peter F. Neronha Acting Puerto Rico Attorney General Rhode Island Attorney General
Herbert H. Slatery III Sean Reyes Tennessee Attorney General Utah Attorney General
T.J. Donovan Mark R. Herring Vermont Attorney General Virginia Attorney General
Denise N. George Robert W. Ferguson U.S. Virgin Islands Attorney General Washington Attorney General
Joshua L. Kaul Wisconsin Attorney General
Enclosure: August 6, 2019 Multi-State Attorneys General Letter
Cc: Susan Sprung, National Executive Director / Chief Operating Officer Vance Van Petten, National Executive Director / Chief Operating Officer
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October 5, 2020
VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL Gabrielle Carteris, President David P. White, National Executive Director Screen Actors Guild-America Federation of Television & Radio Artists 5757 Wilshire Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90036
Dear Ms. Carteris and Mr. White,
Forty-three state and territorial Attorneys General called on the nation’s leading Video on Demand (“VOD”) streaming companies to reduce youth exposure to tobacco imagery in movies and programs in August 2019. The Attorneys General encouraged the companies to take action, especially in light of the alarming numbers of high school and middle school students using electronic cigarettes.1 Many of the companies and the Motion Picture Association (“MPA”) responded, in part, by asking for Hollywood’s creative community to be included in this important discussion. This bipartisan coalition of Attorneys General now request the Directors Guild of America, Producers Guild of America, Screenwriters Guild of America, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, and International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (collectively, “the Guilds”) to help us protect young audiences from tobacco use.2
The Attorneys General successfully sued the U.S.’s major tobacco manufacturers in the mid-1990s for, among other misdeeds, promoting tobacco use as safe in television ads and in motion pictures. After settling those lawsuits, many Attorneys General asked film studios to eliminate tobacco imagery in movies for children, including films rated G, PG, and PG- 13. Representatives of the Attorneys General also met with leaders from the creative community in 2003 to share research that found a link between youth exposure to smoking imagery depicted in movies and youth smoking initiation.
This early research was later confirmed in 2012, following a decade of studies conducted in a dozen countries with more than 50,000 adolescents, when the Surgeon General concluded, “[T]here is a causal relationship between
1 About one of every five (19.6%) high school students and about one in every twenty (4.7%) middle school students reported using e-cigarettes in the past thirty days. (https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/youth_data/tobacco_use/index.htm [last visited Sept. 15, 2020].) 2 Over 480,000 Americans (about one in five deaths) die every year from cigarette smoking. (https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/index.htm#beginning [last visited Sept. 8, 2020].)
Letter to SAG-AFTRA October 5, 2020 Page 2 of 6
depictions of smoking in the movies and the initiation of smoking among young people.”3 A 2020 study by Truth Initiative now shows youth and young adults who watch episodic programs with tobacco imagery via streaming, cable, and broadcast television are significantly more likely to initiate vaping than those who are not exposed to tobacco imagery on those media. In fact, even those with low levels of exposure were more than twice as likely to start using e-cigarettes, and those with high exposure were over three times more likely.4 Previous studies by Truth Initiative found higher percentages of tobacco imagery in streamed original programs that are popular with youth during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 seasons than on broadcast television.5 Compounding these findings, many American children are now consuming more media while at home, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.6
In the race to launch new platforms, provide more content, and capture audiences, many streaming companies failed to consider the impact that easy access to movies and programs with tobacco imagery has upon children. The MPA ratings system and TV Parental Guidelines, that were designed to shield youth from mature content in theaters and on broadcast television, provide little protection in the world of VOD streaming. With no industry-wide safeguards in place, children can more easily view mature content, including streaming PG-13, TV-14, R, and TV-MA-rated movies and programs with tobacco imagery.
We ask the Guilds to use their collective influence to persuade members of the creative community to depict tobacco imagery responsibly, while still supporting artistic freedoms. We also ask the Guilds to encourage streaming companies to adopt best practices that navigate youth audiences away from movies and shows with tobacco imagery. Among these practices, we have proposed banning tobacco imagery in all future, original youth-rated or youth-targeted content, with limited exceptions.7 We have also asked streaming companies to recommend and promote
3 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD, 2012, at 602. 4 Morgane Bennett, et al., Exposure to Tobacco Content in Episodic Programs and Tobacco and E-Cigarette Initiation, Preventive Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106169, Aug. 1, 2020, at 3. 5 Truth Initiative, While You Were Streaming: Smoking on Demand – A Surge in Tobacco Imagery is Putting Youth at Risk, June 2019, at 4. 6 The Nielsen Company reported a 55% increase in VOD streaming. (https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2020/connected-tv-usage-remains-above-pre- covid-19-levels-as-traditional-tv-viewing-normalizes/ [last visited Sept. 8, 2020]. 7 As exceptions, youth rated content may 1) depict historical figures who actually used tobacco or 2) clearly show the negative health effects of tobacco use. All other content with tobacco imagery should be rated TV-MA, R, or a higher designation.
Letter to SAG-AFTRA October 5, 2020 Page 3 of 6
only tobacco-free titles for children and families. We have challenged the companies to mitigate the historic and cumulative impact of watching tobacco imagery in movies and programs by running strong anti-tobacco spots, especially before videos with smoking or vaping. In addition, we have encouraged the companies to display prominent and forceful tobacco warnings before content with tobacco imagery and to offer effective parental controls, so families may be empowered to choose smoke-free content.
The Guilds’ assistance and support is critical to implementing these changes and stopping the renormalization and glamorization of tobacco use. We look forward to opening discussions with you about ways the creative community can protect children, while maintaining artistic integrity. Please respond to Michael Hering, Director and Chief Counsel, National Association of Attorneys General Center for Tobacco and Public Health, at [email protected] or (202) 326- 6023, by October 30, 2020, with the name and title of a contact person within your organization with whom we can speak regarding this important matter. Thank you for your attention to this critical issue.
Sincerely,
Xavier Becerra Douglas Peterson California Attorney General Nebraska Attorney General
Clyde “Ed” Sniffen, Jr. Leslie Rutledge Acting Alaska Attorney General Arkansas Attorney General
Phil Weiser William Tong Colorado Attorney General Connecticut Attorney General
Letter to SAG-AFTRA October 5, 2020 Page 4 of 6
Kathleen Jennings Karl A. Racine Delaware Attorney General District of Columbia Attorney General
Leevin Taitano Camacho Ashley Moody Guam Attorney General Florida Attorney General
Clare E. Connors Lawrence Wasden Hawaii Attorney General Idaho Attorney General
Kwame Raoul Tom Miller Illinois Attorney General Iowa Attorney General
Derek Schmidt Daniel Cameron Kansas Attorney General Kentucky Attorney General
Jeff Landry Aaron M. Frey Louisiana Attorney General Maine Attorney General
Brian Frosh Maura Healey Maryland Attorney General Massachusetts Attorney General
Letter to SAG-AFTRA October 5, 2020 Page 5 of 6
Dana Nessel Keith Ellison Michigan Attorney General Minnesota Attorney General
Tim Fox Aaron D. Ford Montana Attorney General Nevada Attorney General
Gordon MacDonald Gurbir S. Grewal New Hampshire Attorney General New Jersey Attorney General
Hector Balderas Letitia James New Mexico Attorney General New York Attorney General
Josh Stein Edward Manibusan North Carolina Attorney General Northern Mariana Islands Attorney General
Dave Yost Mike Hunter Ohio Attorney General Oklahoma Attorney General
Letter to SAG-AFTRA October 5, 2020 Page 6 of 6
Ellen F. Rosenblum Josh Shapiro Oregon Attorney General Pennsylvania Attorney General
Inés del C. Carrau-Martínez Peter F. Neronha Acting Puerto Rico Attorney General Rhode Island Attorney General
Herbert H. Slatery III Sean Reyes Tennessee Attorney General Utah Attorney General
T.J. Donovan Mark R. Herring Vermont Attorney General Virginia Attorney General
Denise N. George Robert W. Ferguson U.S. Virgin Islands Attorney General Washington Attorney General
Joshua L. Kaul Wisconsin Attorney General
Enclosure: August 6, 2019 Multi-State Attorneys General Letter
Cc: Jeffrey Bennett, New York Executive Director & Chief Deputy General Counsel for Legal and Government Affairs Ray Rodriguez, Chief Contracts Officer
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October 5, 2020
VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL Beau Willimon, President Lowell Peterson, Executive Director Writers Guild of America East 250 Hudson Street, Suite 700 New York, NY 10013
Dear Messrs. Willimon and Peterson,
Forty-three state and territorial Attorneys General called on the nation’s leading Video on Demand (“VOD”) streaming companies to reduce youth exposure to tobacco imagery in movies and programs in August 2019. The Attorneys General encouraged the companies to take action, especially in light of the alarming numbers of high school and middle school students using electronic cigarettes.1 Many of the companies and the Motion Picture Association (“MPA”) responded, in part, by asking for Hollywood’s creative community to be included in this important discussion. This bipartisan coalition of Attorneys General now request the Directors Guild of America, Producers Guild of America, Screenwriters Guild of America, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, and International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (collectively, “the Guilds”) to help us protect young audiences from tobacco use.2
The Attorneys General successfully sued the U.S.’s major tobacco manufacturers in the mid-1990s for, among other misdeeds, promoting tobacco use as safe in television ads and in motion pictures. After settling those lawsuits, many Attorneys General asked film studios to eliminate tobacco imagery in movies for children, including films rated G, PG, and PG- 13. Representatives of the Attorneys General also met with leaders from the creative community in 2003 to share research that found a link between youth exposure to smoking imagery depicted in movies and youth smoking initiation.
This early research was later confirmed in 2012, following a decade of studies conducted in a dozen countries with more than 50,000 adolescents, when the Surgeon General concluded, “[T]here is a causal relationship between
1 About one of every five (19.6%) high school students and about one in every twenty (4.7%) middle school students reported using e-cigarettes in the past thirty days. (https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/youth_data/tobacco_use/index.htm [last visited Sept. 15, 2020].) 2 Over 480,000 Americans (about one in five deaths) die every year from cigarette smoking. (https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/index.htm#beginning [last visited Sept. 8, 2020].)
Letter to Writers Guild of America East October 5, 2020 Page 2 of 6
depictions of smoking in the movies and the initiation of smoking among young people.”3 A 2020 study by Truth Initiative now shows youth and young adults who watch episodic programs with tobacco imagery via streaming, cable, and broadcast television are significantly more likely to initiate vaping than those who are not exposed to tobacco imagery on those media. In fact, even those with low levels of exposure were more than twice as likely to start using e-cigarettes, and those with high exposure were over three times more likely.4 Previous studies by Truth Initiative found higher percentages of tobacco imagery in streamed original programs that are popular with youth during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 seasons than on broadcast television.5 Compounding these findings, many American children are now consuming more media while at home, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.6
In the race to launch new platforms, provide more content, and capture audiences, many streaming companies failed to consider the impact that easy access to movies and programs with tobacco imagery has upon children. The MPA ratings system and TV Parental Guidelines, that were designed to shield youth from mature content in theaters and on broadcast television, provide little protection in the world of VOD streaming. With no industry-wide safeguards in place, children can more easily view mature content, including streaming PG-13, TV-14, R, and TV-MA-rated movies and programs with tobacco imagery.
We ask the Guilds to use their collective influence to persuade members of the creative community to depict tobacco imagery responsibly, while still supporting artistic freedoms. We also ask the Guilds to encourage streaming companies to adopt best practices that navigate youth audiences away from movies and shows with tobacco imagery. Among these practices, we have proposed banning tobacco imagery in all future, original youth-rated or youth-targeted content, with limited exceptions.7 We have also asked streaming companies to recommend and promote
3 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD, 2012, at 602. 4 Morgane Bennett, et al., Exposure to Tobacco Content in Episodic Programs and Tobacco and E-Cigarette Initiation, Preventive Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106169, Aug. 1, 2020, at 3. 5 Truth Initiative, While You Were Streaming: Smoking on Demand – A Surge in Tobacco Imagery is Putting Youth at Risk, June 2019, at 4. 6 The Nielsen Company reported a 55% increase in VOD streaming. (https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2020/connected-tv-usage-remains-above-pre- covid-19-levels-as-traditional-tv-viewing-normalizes/ [last visited Sept. 8, 2020]. 7 As exceptions, youth rated content may 1) depict historical figures who actually used tobacco or 2) clearly show the negative health effects of tobacco use. All other content with tobacco imagery should be rated TV-MA, R, or a higher designation.
Letter to Writers Guild of America East October 5, 2020 Page 3 of 6
only tobacco-free titles for children and families. We have challenged the companies to mitigate the historic and cumulative impact of watching tobacco imagery in movies and programs by running strong anti-tobacco spots, especially before videos with smoking or vaping. In addition, we have encouraged the companies to display prominent and forceful tobacco warnings before content with tobacco imagery and to offer effective parental controls, so families may be empowered to choose smoke-free content.
The Guilds’ assistance and support is critical to implementing these changes and stopping the renormalization and glamorization of tobacco use. We look forward to opening discussions with you about ways the creative community can protect children, while maintaining artistic integrity. Please respond to Michael Hering, Director and Chief Counsel, National Association of Attorneys General Center for Tobacco and Public Health, at [email protected] or (202) 326- 6023, by October 30, 2020, with the name and title of a contact person within your organization with whom we can speak regarding this important matter. Thank you for your attention to this critical issue.
Sincerely,
Xavier Becerra Douglas Peterson California Attorney General Nebraska Attorney General
Clyde “Ed” Sniffen, Jr. Leslie Rutledge Acting Alaska Attorney General Arkansas Attorney General
Phil Weiser William Tong Colorado Attorney General Connecticut Attorney General
Letter to Writers Guild of America East October 5, 2020 Page 4 of 6
Kathleen Jennings Karl A. Racine Delaware Attorney General District of Columbia Attorney General
Leevin Taitano Camacho Ashley Moody Guam Attorney General Florida Attorney General
Clare E. Connors Lawrence Wasden Hawaii Attorney General Idaho Attorney General
Kwame Raoul Tom Miller Illinois Attorney General Iowa Attorney General
Derek Schmidt Daniel Cameron Kansas Attorney General Kentucky Attorney General
Jeff Landry Aaron M. Frey Louisiana Attorney General Maine Attorney General
Brian Frosh Maura Healey Maryland Attorney General Massachusetts Attorney General
Letter to Writers Guild of America East October 5, 2020 Page 5 of 6
Dana Nessel Keith Ellison Michigan Attorney General Minnesota Attorney General
Tim Fox Aaron D. Ford Montana Attorney General Nevada Attorney General
Gordon MacDonald Gurbir S. Grewal New Hampshire Attorney General New Jersey Attorney General
Hector Balderas Letitia James New Mexico Attorney General New York Attorney General
Josh Stein Edward Manibusan North Carolina Attorney General Northern Mariana Islands Attorney General
Dave Yost Mike Hunter Ohio Attorney General Oklahoma Attorney General
Letter to Writers Guild of America East October 5, 2020 Page 6 of 6
Ellen F. Rosenblum Josh Shapiro Oregon Attorney General Pennsylvania Attorney General
Inés del C. Carrau-Martínez Peter F. Neronha Acting Puerto Rico Attorney General Rhode Island Attorney General
Herbert H. Slatery III Sean Reyes Tennessee Attorney General Utah Attorney General
T.J. Donovan Mark R. Herring Vermont Attorney General Virginia Attorney General
Denise N. George Robert W. Ferguson U.S. Virgin Islands Attorney General Washington Attorney General
Joshua L. Kaul Wisconsin Attorney General
Enclosure: August 6, 2019 Multi-State Attorneys General Letter
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VIA OVERNIGHT DELIVERY MAIL David A. Goodman, President David J. Young, Executive Director Writers Guild of America West 7000 West 3rd Street Los Angeles, CA 90048
Dear Messrs. Goodman and Young,
Forty-three state and territorial Attorneys General called on the nation’s leading Video on Demand (“VOD”) streaming companies to reduce youth exposure to tobacco imagery in movies and programs in August 2019. The Attorneys General encouraged the companies to take action, especially in light of the alarming numbers of high school and middle school students using electronic cigarettes.1 Many of the companies and the Motion Picture Association (“MPA”) responded, in part, by asking for Hollywood’s creative community to be included in this important discussion. This bipartisan coalition of Attorneys General now request the Directors Guild of America, Producers Guild of America, Screenwriters Guild of America, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, and International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (collectively, “the Guilds”) to help us protect young audiences from tobacco use.2
The Attorneys General successfully sued the U.S.’s major tobacco manufacturers in the mid-1990s for, among other misdeeds, promoting tobacco use as safe in television ads and in motion pictures. After settling those lawsuits, many Attorneys General asked film studios to eliminate tobacco imagery in movies for children, including films rated G, PG, and PG- 13. Representatives of the Attorneys General also met with leaders from the creative community in 2003 to share research that found a link between youth exposure to smoking imagery depicted in movies and youth smoking initiation.
This early research was later confirmed in 2012, following a decade of studies conducted in a dozen countries with more than 50,000 adolescents, when the Surgeon General concluded, “[T]here is a causal relationship between
1 About one of every five (19.6%) high school students and about one in every twenty (4.7%) middle school students reported using e-cigarettes in the past thirty days. (https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/youth_data/tobacco_use/index.htm [last visited Sept. 15, 2020].) 2 Over 480,000 Americans (about one in five deaths) die every year from cigarette smoking. (https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/index.htm#beginning [last visited Sept. 8, 2020].) Letter to Writers Guild of America West October 5, 2020 Page 2 of 6
depictions of smoking in the movies and the initiation of smoking among young people.”3 A 2020 study by Truth Initiative now shows youth and young adults who watch episodic programs with tobacco imagery via streaming, cable, and broadcast television are significantly more likely to initiate vaping than those who are not exposed to tobacco imagery on those media. In fact, even those with low levels of exposure were more than twice as likely to start using e-cigarettes, and those with high exposure were over three times more likely.4 Previous studies by Truth Initiative found higher percentages of tobacco imagery in streamed original programs that are popular with youth during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 seasons than on broadcast television.5 Compounding these findings, many American children are now consuming more media while at home, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.6
In the race to launch new platforms, provide more content, and capture audiences, many streaming companies failed to consider the impact that easy access to movies and programs with tobacco imagery has upon children. The MPA ratings system and TV Parental Guidelines, that were designed to shield youth from mature content in theaters and on broadcast television, provide little protection in the world of VOD streaming. With no industry-wide safeguards in place, children can more easily view mature content, including streaming PG-13, TV-14, R, and TV-MA-rated movies and programs with tobacco imagery.
We ask the Guilds to use their collective influence to persuade members of the creative community to depict tobacco imagery responsibly, while still supporting artistic freedoms. We also ask the Guilds to encourage streaming companies to adopt best practices that navigate youth audiences away from movies and shows with tobacco imagery. Among these practices, we have proposed banning tobacco imagery in all future, original youth-rated or youth-targeted content, with limited exceptions.7 We have also asked streaming companies to recommend and promote
3 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD, 2012, at 602. 4 Morgane Bennett, et al., Exposure to Tobacco Content in Episodic Programs and Tobacco and E-Cigarette Initiation, Preventive Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106169, Aug. 1, 2020, at 3. 5 Truth Initiative, While You Were Streaming: Smoking on Demand – A Surge in Tobacco Imagery is Putting Youth at Risk, June 2019, at 4. 6 The Nielsen Company reported a 55% increase in VOD streaming. (https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2020/connected-tv-usage-remains-above-pre- covid-19-levels-as-traditional-tv-viewing-normalizes/ [last visited Sept. 8, 2020]. 7 As exceptions, youth rated content may 1) depict historical figures who actually used tobacco or 2) clearly show the negative health effects of tobacco use. All other content with tobacco imagery should be rated TV-MA, R, or a higher designation.
Letter to Writers Guild of America West October 5, 2020 Page 3 of 6
only tobacco-free titles for children and families. We have challenged the companies to mitigate the historic and cumulative impact of watching tobacco imagery in movies and programs by running strong anti-tobacco spots, especially before videos with smoking or vaping. In addition, we have encouraged the companies to display prominent and forceful tobacco warnings before content with tobacco imagery and to offer effective parental controls, so families may be empowered to choose smoke-free content.
The Guilds’ assistance and support is critical to implementing these changes and stopping the renormalization and glamorization of tobacco use. We look forward to opening discussions with you about ways the creative community can protect children, while maintaining artistic integrity. Please respond to Michael Hering, Director and Chief Counsel, National Association of Attorneys General Center for Tobacco and Public Health, at [email protected] or (202) 326- 6023, by October 30, 2020, with the name and title of a contact person within your organization with whom we can speak regarding this important matter. Thank you for your attention to this critical issue.
Sincerely,
Xavier Becerra Douglas Peterson California Attorney General Nebraska Attorney General
Clyde “Ed” Sniffen, Jr. Leslie Rutledge Acting Alaska Attorney General Arkansas Attorney General
Phil Weiser William Tong Colorado Attorney General Connecticut Attorney General Letter to Writers Guild of America West October 5, 2020 Page 4 of 6
Kathleen Jennings Karl A. Racine Delaware Attorney General District of Columbia Attorney General
Leevin Taitano Camacho Ashley Moody Guam Attorney General Florida Attorney General
Clare E. Connors Lawrence Wasden Hawaii Attorney General Idaho Attorney General
Kwame Raoul Tom Miller Illinois Attorney General Iowa Attorney General
Derek Schmidt Daniel Cameron Kansas Attorney General Kentucky Attorney General
Jeff Landry Aaron M. Frey Louisiana Attorney General Maine Attorney General
Brian Frosh Maura Healey Maryland Attorney General Massachusetts Attorney General Letter to Writers Guild of America West October 5, 2020 Page 5 of 6
Dana Nessel Keith Ellison Michigan Attorney General Minnesota Attorney General
Tim Fox Aaron D. Ford Montana Attorney General Nevada Attorney General
Gordon MacDonald Gurbir S. Grewal New Hampshire Attorney General New Jersey Attorney General
Hector Balderas Letitia James New Mexico Attorney General New York Attorney General
Josh Stein Edward Manibusan North Carolina Attorney General Northern Mariana Islands Attorney General
Dave Yost Mike Hunter Ohio Attorney General Oklahoma Attorney General
Letter to Writers Guild of America West October 5, 2020 Page 6 of 6
Ellen F. Rosenblum Josh Shapiro Oregon Attorney General Pennsylvania Attorney General
Inés del C. Carrau-Martínez Peter F. Neronha Acting Puerto Rico Attorney General Rhode Island Attorney General
Herbert H. Slatery III Sean Reyes Tennessee Attorney General Utah Attorney General
T.J. Donovan Mark R. Herring Vermont Attorney General Virginia Attorney General
Denise N. George Robert W. Ferguson U.S. Virgin Islands Attorney General Washington Attorney General
Joshua L. Kaul Wisconsin Attorney General
Enclosure: August 6, 2019 Multi-State Attorneys General Letter
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