133 Genus Euptera Staudinger

14th edition (2015).

Genus Euptera Staudinger, 1891

Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 98 (61-157). Type-species: Euptera sirene Staudinger, by subsequent designation (Hemming, 1943. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 12: 27 (23-30).).

An Afrotropical genus containing 32 species. Generic revision by Libert et al., 2002.

Relevant literature: Amiet & Libert, 2002 [Biogeography]. Libert et al., 2002 [Generic revision].

E. elabontas group

*Euptera elabontas (Hewitson, 1871) Common Euptera

Euryphene elabontas Hewitson, 1871 in Hewitson, 1867-71. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 4: 54 (118 pp.).

Amiet, 1998.

Larval food: Chrysophyllum albidum G.Don. (Sapotaceae) [S. Collins, vide Libert et al., 2002; subspecies mweruensis]. Chrysophyllum lanceolatum (Blume) A.DC. (Sapotaceae) [S. Collins, vide Libert et al., 2002; subspecies mweruensis; as Chrysophyllum oblanceolatum]. Englerophytum species (Sapotaceae) [Libert et al., 1995; Cameroon]. Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach. & Thomm.) Daniell (Sapotaceae) [Libert et al., 1995; Cameroon]. Synsepalum letouzeyi Aubrév. (Sapotaceae) [Libert et al., 1995; Cameroon]. Synsepalum longecuneatum De Wild. (Sapotaceae) [Libert et al., 1995; Cameroon]. Synsepalum revolutum (Baker) T.D.Penn. (Sapotaceae) [Libert et al., 1995; Cameroon; as Vincentella revoluta].

Euptera elabontas elabontas (Hewitson, 1871)

Euryphene elabontas Hewitson, 1871 in Hewitson, 1867-71. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 4: 54 (118 pp.).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Creek Town (C. Ward)”. Holotype (male) in the Natural History Museum, London. Neallotype female, Lagos district, Nigeria, III 1949 (P.J.L. Roche); in Natural History Museum, London. Distribution: Ivory Coast (central, east), Ghana (Kumasi area), Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Libert et al., 2002). Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Abidjan (Libert et al., 2002); Dimbroko (Libert et al., 2002); Gagnoa (Libert et al., 2002); Maraoue River (Libert et al., 2002); Tiassale (Libert et al., 2002). Ghana – Ashanti (Libert et al., 2002); Boti Falls (Libert et al., 2002); Dawa (Libert et al., 2002); Kpandu (Libert et al., 2002); Likpe (Libert et al., 2002); Opro River (Libert et al., 2002); Kyabobo (Larsen, 2005a). Togo – Agove (Libert et al., 2002). Nigeria – Creek Town (TL); Achi (Libert et al., 2002); Ahoada (Libert et al., 2002); Ilaro (Libert et al., 2002); Isoba (Libert et al., 2002); Kagoro Forest (Libert et al., 2002); Lagos (Libert et al., 2002); Okumu (Libert et al., 2002); Okwoga (Libert et al., 2002); Owerri (Libert et al., 2002); Sapoba (Libert et al., 2002); Ubiaja (Libert et al., 2002). Cameroon – Bascho (Libert et al., 2002); Batanga (Libert et al., 2002); Bidou (Libert et al., 2002); Bitje (Libert et al., 2002); Deng Deng (Libert et al., 2002); Dikola (Libert et al., 2002); Djohong (Libert et al., 2002); Douala (Libert et al., 2002); Ebebda (Libert et al., 2002); Ebogo (Libert et al., 2002); Ebondi (Libert et al., 2002); Edea (Libert et al., 2002); Ekali (Libert et al., 2002); Gaoui (Libert et al., 2002); Goyoum (Libert et al., 2002); Kano (Libert et al., 2002); Kribi (Libert et al., 2002); Lena (Libert et al., 2002); Log-Bakoo (Libert et al., 2002); Lomie (Libert et al., 2002); Londji (Libert et al., 2002); Mambioko (Libert et al., 2002); Mamelles (Libert et al., 2002); Mamfe (Libert et al., 2002); Minim (Libert et al., 2002); Monbel (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Kala (Libert et al., 2002); Ndoupe (Libert et al., 2002); Ndzi (Libert et al., 2002); Nkolmekie (Libert et al., 2002); Nkolnsoh (Libert et al., 2002); Santchou (Libert et al., 2002); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Belinga (Libert et al., 2002); Ogove (Libert et al., 2002); Lake Onanga (Libert et al., 2002); Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Mpivie River (van de Weghe, 2010); Iguela (van de Weghe, 2010); Rabi (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Belinga (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Congo – Brazzaville (Libert et al., 2002); Kelle (Libert et al., 2002); Ketta (Libert et al., 2002); Kuilu (Libert et al., 2002); Sembe (Libert et al., 2002). Central African Republic – Dzanga (Noss, 1998); Balemba (Libert et al., 2002); Bangui (Libert et al., 2002); Banzyville (Libert et al., 2002); Bomoloto (Libert et al., 2002); Boutcha (Libert et al., 2002); Lako (Libert et al., 2002); Mambe (Libert et al., 2002); Sebokele (Libert et al., 2002); Yakoli (Libert et al., 2002); Yatimbo (Libert et al., 2002). Democratic Republic of Congo – Bafwasende (Libert et al., 2002); Bamanya (Libert et al., 2002); Bangupa (Libert et al., 2002); Beni (Libert et al., 2002); Bucha (Libert et al., 2002); Bunia (Libert et al., 2002); Epulu (Libert et al., 2002); Flandria (Libert et al., 2002); Gwaka (Libert et al., 2002); Kibali (Libert et al., 2002); Kilo (Libert et al., 2002); Kinziki (Libert et al., 2002); Kisangani (Libert et al., 2002); Kondolola (Libert et al., 2002); Lusambo (Libert et al., 2002); Mabalika (Libert et al., 2002); Mambasa (Libert et al., 2002); Maiko Valley (Libert et al., 2002); Medje (Libert et al., 2002); Mongbwalu (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Hoyo (Libert et al., 2002); Paulis (Libert et al., 2002); Pinjili (Libert et al., 2002); Semliki (Libert et al., 2002); Teturi (Libert et al., 2002); Tumba (Libert et al., 2002); Watalinga (Libert et al., 2002).

Euptera elabontas mweruensis Neave, 1910 2

Euptera elabontas mweruensis Neave, 1910. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1910: 38 (2-86).

Euptera elabontas mweruensis. Male (Wingspan 42 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 13 December 2008. P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Euptera elabontas mweruensis. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 44mm. Lisombo, Mwinilunga dist., Zambia. 01/V/2001. A.J. Gardiner. (Gardiner Collection).

Type locality: [Zambia]: “dense forest on the Kalungwisi [Kalungusi] river, 14 IX 1908”. Holotype male in Hope Department, Oxford. Neallotype female, Zambezi Bridge, Jimbe, N.W. Zambia, V 1999; African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi. Distribution: Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west), Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Zambia (Libert et al., 2002). Specific localities: Uganda – Bufumbo Forest (Libert et al., 2002); Entebbe (Libert et al., 2002); Jinja (Libert et al., 2002); Kampala (Libert et al., 2002); Kamengo Mawakota (Libert et al., 2002); Kisubi (Libert et al., 2002); Mabira Forest (Libert et al., 2002); Mbale (Libert et al., 2002); Mpanga-Mpigi (Libert et al., 2002); Lake Nabugabo (Libert et al., 2002); Sesse Island (Libert et al., 2002). Kenya – Ilala (Libert et al., 2002); Kakamega Forest (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Elgon (Libert et al., 2002); Nandi Country (Libert et al., 2002). Tanzania – Rumanyika (Libert et al., 2002); Kakindu (Libert et al., 2002). Democratic Republic of Congo – Kafakumba (Libert et al., 2002); Kalenge (Libert et al., 2002); Kapanga (Libert et al., 2002); Lenge (Libert et al., 2002); Lubudi (Libert et al., 2002); Luena (Libert et al., 2002); Lukoshi River (Libert et al., 2002); Luputa (Libert et al., 2002); Lupweshi River (Libert et al., 2002); Munoi (Libert et al., 2002); Mutendale River (Libert et al., 2002); Sandoa (Libert et al., 2002); Tshala (Libert et al., 2002); Zilo (Libert et al., 2002).

3 Zambia – Kalungisi River (TL); Ikelenge (Libert et al., 2002); Zambezi Rapids (Heath et al., 2002; male illustrated above); Lisombu River (Heath et al., 2002; female illustrated above); Kalambo Falls (Heath et al., 2002); Kalungwishi River (Heath et al., 2002).

Euptera elabontas canui Collins, 1995

Euptera elabontas canui Collins, 1995. Lambillionea 95 (3) (Tome I): 323 (315-339).

Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Ile de Bioko, Guinée Equatoriale, I.1988 (J.G. Canu).” Holotype in M.N.H.N., Paris (Libert et al., 2002). Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko Island).

*Euptera dorothea Bethune-Baker, 1904 Western Euptera

Euptera dorothea Bethune-Baker, 1904. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 14: 223 (222-233).

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Freetown, Sierra Leone, 17 III 1903 (Cator)”. Holotype male in the N.H.M., London. Neallotype (female) Dankale, Loma Mountains, 800 m, Sierra Leone, 30 XI 1984 (C. Belcastro); N.H.M., London. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Habitat: Forest. Habits: Like most species in the genus this is a canopy butterfly that occasionally dips down to lower levels before returning to the canopy within a few seconds (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euptera dorothea dorothea Bethune-Baker, 1904

Euptera dorothea Bethune-Baker, 1904. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 14: 223 (222-233).

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Freetown, Sierra Leone, 17 III 1903 (Cator)”. Holotype male in the N.H.M., London. Neallotype (female) Dankale, Loma Mountains, 800 m, Sierra Leone, 30 XI 1984 (C. Belcastro); N.H.M., London. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone. Specific localities: Guinea – Labe (Libert et al., 2002); Kerouane (Larsen, 2005a). Sierra Leone – Freetown (TL); Loma Mountains (Libert et al., 2002).

Euptera dorothea warrengashi Libert, 2002

Euptera dorothea warrengashi Libert, 2002. GREP 2002. Revision des Euptera et Pseudathyma (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae).

Type locality: Ivory Coast: “Grand Bassam”. Allotype (female): same data. Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in N.H.M., London. Distribution: Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana (west). Specific localities:

4 Guinea – Djeke (Libert et al., 2002); Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Grand Bassam (TL); Danane (Libert et al., 2002); Issia (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Peko (Libert et al., 2002); Tai (Libert et al., 2002). Ghana – Ankasa (Larsen, 2005a).

E. collinsi group

*Euptera collinsi Chovet & Libert, 1998

Euptera collinsi Chovet & Libert, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 283 (271-284).

Type locality: Central African Republic: “Bangui, R.C.A., XI-1993 (S. Collins).” Allotype (female): same data. Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. Distribution: Central African Republic. Specific localities: Central African Republic – Bangui (TL); Botambi (Libert et al., 2002); Mambe (Libert et al., 2002); Mbata (Libert et al., 2002); Moloukou (Libert et al., 2002); Yakoli (Libert et al., 2002). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euptera plantroui Chovet & Collins, 1998 Plantrou’s Euptera

Euptera plantroui Chovet & Collins, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 275 (271-284).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Kribi, Cameroun, IV-1960 (J. Plantrou).” Neallotype (male), Mount Kala, Yaounde, Cameroon, II 2000. Holotype (female) in M.N.H.N., Paris and neallotype (male) in African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. Distribution: Liberia, Cameroon. Specific localities: Liberia – Monrovia (Libert et al., 2002). Cameroon – Kribi (TL); Mount Kala (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

E. hirundo group

E. hirundo sub-group

*Euptera hirundo Staudinger, 1891

Euptera hirundo Staudinger, 1891. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 101 (61-157).

Euptera hirundo. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 43mm. Zambezi rapids, Mwinilunga dist., Zambia. 9/X/2000. A.J. Gardiner. (Gardiner Collection).

Euptera hirundo. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 46mm. South Mutundu River, Mufulira, Zambia. 4100 ft. 9-IV-1983. M.A. Newport. (Newport Collection).

Type locality: Gabon: “Ogowe-Fluss, (im Gabun-Gebiet) (A. Mocquerys)”. Neallotype (female): Goyoum, Cameroon, 27 V 1989 (M. Libert). Holotype (male) in Z.M.H.U., Berlin and neallotype (female) in M.N.H.N., Paris. Female first described by Amiet et al., 1998 (Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 272 (271- 284)). Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia (Amiet, et al., 1998). Recorded, in error, from Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). Specific localities: Cameroon – Avebe (Libert et al., 2002); Ebogo (Libert et al., 2002); Goyoum (Libert et al., 2002); Lena (Libert et al., 2002); Lomie (Libert et al., 2002); Mambioko (Libert et al., 2002); Manki (Libert et al., 2002); Messam (Libert et al., 2002); Mvaminko (Libert et al., 2002); Nkolmekie (Libert et al., 2002); Nkolngok (Libert et al., 2002); Somalomo (Libert et al., 2002). Gabon – Ogowe River (TL). Congo – Ikilemba (Libert et al., 2002). Democratic Republic of Congo – Bafwasende (Libert et al., 2002); Beni (Libert et al., 2002); Butuhe (Libert et al., 2002); Eala (Libert et al., 2002); Kafakumba (Libert et al., 2002); Kalule (Libert et al., 2002); Kangozi (Libert et al., 2002); Kapanga (Libert et al., 2002); Kikura River (Libert et al., 2002); Lufira Valley (Libert et al., 2002); Kinda (Libert et al., 2002); Lusambo (Libert et al., 2002); Mabalika (Libert et al., 2002); Mambasa (Libert et al., 2002); Mapimbi (Libert et al., 2002);

6 Matwa (Libert et al., 2002); Medje (Libert et al., 2002); Mongbwalu (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Hoyo (Libert et al., 2002); Mwera (Libert et al., 2002); Panda (Libert et al., 2002); Paulis (Libert et al., 2002); Rungu (Libert et al., 2002); Semliki (Libert et al., 2002); Teturi (Libert et al., 2002); Tsibobe (Libert et al., 2002); Zilo (Libert et al., 2002). Uganda – Entebbe (Libert et al., 2002); Jinja (Libert et al., 2002); Kalinzu Forest (Libert et al., 2002); Kemengo Forest (Libert et al., 2002); Kampala (Libert et al., 2002); Katera Forest (Libert et al., 2002); Kisubi (Libert et al., 2002); Malabigambo Forest-Mawakota (Libert et al., 2002); Mpanga Forest-Mpigi (Libert et al., 2002). Kenya – Kakamega Forest (Libert et al., 2002). Tanzania – Munene Forest (not uncommon); Minziro Forest (rare) (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Kakindu (Libert et al., 2002). Zambia – Chisomo (Libert et al., 2002); Isombo River (Libert et al., 2002); Lake Kashiba (Libert et al., 2002); North Mutundu (Libert et al., 2002); Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002); South Mutundu River, Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002; female illustrated above); ‘Forest Trial Burning Plots’, Ndola (Heath et al., 2002); Mpongwe (Heath et al., 2002); Zambezi Rapids (male illustrated above). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Males defend territories from perches on twigs high up in trees, whereas females are usually encountered in the undergrowth (Heath et al., 2002). They have also been observed flying about rapidly and frequently settling on low vegetation in sunny clearings in the forest. When disturbed they often return to the same spot (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages:

Amiet, 1998.

Larval food: Synsepalum revolutum (Baker) T.D.Penn. (Sapotaceae) [Amiet, 1998; as Vincentella revoluta].

bakeri St Leger, 1969 (as ssp. of Euptera hirundo). Nigerian Field 34: 79 (76-81). Nomen nudum.

lufirensis Joicey & Talbot, 1921 (as ssp. of Euptera hirundo). Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 61 (40- 166). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kikuru River, Lufira Valley”. Treated as a synonym of Euptera hirundo Staudinger, 1891 by Libert et al., 2002.

rufa Joicey & Talbot, 1921 (as female f. of Euptera hirundo lufirensis ). Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 61 (40-166). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Kikuru River, Lufira Valley”.

rufa van Someren, 1939 (as ssp. of Euptera hirundo). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 14: 93 (15-100).

*Euptera amieti Collins & Libert, 1998 Amiet’s Euptera

Euptera amieti Collins & Larsen, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 272 (271-284).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Ebogo, Cameroun, 28-II-89 (M. Libert).” Allotype (female): Ebogo, Cameroon, II 1985 (M. Libert). Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in M.N.H.N., Paris. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon (Libert, 2005c), Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (east). Specific localities: Nigeria – Eket (Libert et al., 2002); Gashaka-Gumpti (Larsen, 2005a); Obudu lowlands (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a).

7 Cameroon – Ebogo (TL); Maan (Libert et al., 2002). Gabon – Oyem (van de Weghe, 2010). Central African Republic – Boukoko (Libert et al., 2002). Democratic Republic of Congo – Bamanya (Libert et al., 2002); Ekombe (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Hoyo (Libert et al., 2002); Kibali (Libert et al., 2002); Mongbwalu (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Individuals may descend from the forest canopy very briefly before returning to it (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet, 1998 [Cameroon].

Larval food: Englerophytum species (Sapotaceae) [Amiet, 1998; Cameroon].

*Euptera nigeriensis Chovet, 1998 Nigerian Euptera

Euptera nigeriensis Chovet, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 274 (271-284).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Cowan Estate, Sapale, Benin City, Nigeria, I-1951.” Allotype (female): same data. Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in N.M.K., Nairobi, Kenya. Distribution: Nigeria. Known only from the type locality. Specific localities: Nigeria – Cowan Estate, Sapale, Benin City (TL). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This is a very rare species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euptera schultzei Libert & Chovet, 1998

Euptera schultzei Libert & Chovet, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 272 (271-284).

Type locality: Central African Republic: “Bangui, R.C.A., VII-1991.” Allotype (male): same data. Holotype (female) and allotype (male) in M.N.H.N., Paris. Distribution: Cameroon (south-east), Central African Republic, Sudan (south), Democratic Republic of Congo (north and east). Specific localities: Cameroon – Moloundou (Libert et al., 2002). Central African Republic – Bangui (TL); Bimbo (Libert et al., 2002); Bomoloto (Libert et al., 2002); Goodi Goodi (Libert et al., 2002); Lobaye River (Libert et al., 2002); Yakoli (Libert et al., 2002). Sudan – Yambio (Libert et al., 2002). Democratic Republic of Congo – Kinziki (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Hoyo (Libert et al., 2002); Kibali (Libert et al., 2002); Mongbwalu (Libert et al., 2002). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euptera falcata Libert, 1998

8 Euptera falcata Libert, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 274 (271-284).

Type locality: Cameroon: “route Edéa-Douala, km 20 [= Log Badjeck], Cameroun, 3-VI-89 (T. Garnier).” Allotype (male): Mbebe, Cameroon, I 1986 (M. Libert). Holotype (female) and allotype (male) in M.N.H.N., Paris. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Log Badjeck (TL); Ebondi (Libert et al., 2002); Khozo (Libert et al., 2002); Londji (Libert et al., 2002); Mbebe (Libert et al., 2002); Somalomo (Dja Reserve) (Libert et al., 2002). Gabon – Mpivie River (van de Weghe, 2010); Rabi (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

E. freyja sub-group

*Euptera freyja Hancock, 1984

Euptera freyja Hancock, 1984. Arnoldia. Zimbabwe 9 (11): 168 (165-179).

Euptera freyja freyja. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 47mm. Zambesi Bridge, NW Zambia. 23.IV.2000. MB Roberts. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi).

Type locality: Zambia: “Isombo R., Ikelenge, N. Mwinilunga, 3 V 1972 (E. Pinhey & F. de Moor)”. Allotype (female): Zambezi Bridge, NW of Ikelenge, Zambia, 19 V 1983 (D.L. Hancock). Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in National Museum, Bulawayo. Female first described by Amiet et al., 1998 (Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 274 (271-284)). Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia. Habitat: Forest. Early stages:

Amiet, 1998 [subspecies ornata]

Larval food: Englerophytum oubanguiense (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (Sapotaceae) [Amiet, 1998].

Euptera freyja freyja Hancock, 1984

Euptera freyja Hancock, 1984. Arnoldia. Zimbabwe 9 (11): 168 (165-179).

Euptera freyja freyja. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 47mm. Zambesi Bridge, NW Zambia. 23.IV.2000. MB Roberts. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi).

Type locality: Zambia: “Isombo R., Ikelenge, N. Mwinilunga, 3 V 1972 (E. Pinhey & F. de Moor)”. Allotype (female): Zambezi Bridge, NW of Ikelenge, Zambia, 19 V 1983 (D.L. Hancock). Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in National Museum, Bulawayo. Female first described by Amiet et al., 1998 (Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 274 (271-284)). Distribution: Zambia (north-west). Specific localities: Zambia – Isombo River (TL); Mwinilunga (Libert et al., 2002); Ikelenge (Libert et al., 2002); Zambezi Bridge near Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002; male illustrated above).

bakeri Berger, 1981 (as sp. of Euptera?). Les Papillons du Zaire pl. 104 (543 pp.). Bruxelles. Nomen nudum.

Euptera freyja inexpectata Chovet, 1998

Euptera freyja inexpectata Chovet, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 274 (271-284).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Ndoupé, Cameroun, III-1986 (M. Libert).” Allotype (female): Lolodorf, Cameroon, 9 I 1929 (A.I. Good). Holotype (male) in M.N.H.N., Paris and allotype (female) in C.M.N.H., Pittsburgh. Distribution: Cameroon (coast). Specific localities: Cameroon – Ndoupe (TL); Lolodorf (Libert et al., 2002); Douala (Libert et al., 2002).

Euptera freyja ornata Libert, 1998

Euptera freyja ornata Libert, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 274 (271-284).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Ebogo, Cameroun, 22-III-1983 (M. Libert).” Allotype (female) Ebogo, Cameroon, II 1983 (M. Libert). Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in M.N.H.N., Paris. Distribution: Cameroon (central), Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Lusambo, Sankuru, Cataractes?). Specific localities: Cameroon – Ebogo (TL); Ayos (Libert et al., 2002); Bikoman (Libert et al., 2002); Nkolesse (Libert et al., 2002); Zalom in the du Nyong Valley (Libert et al., 2002); Avebe on the la Soo River (Libert et al., 2002). Gabon – Rabi (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Tumba (Libert et al., 2002); Mbandaka (Libert et al., 2002).

*Euptera intricata Aurivillius, 1894

Euptera intricata Aurivillius, 1894. Entomologisk Tidskrift 15: 303 (273-314). Synonym of Euptera pluto pluto (Ward). Hancock, 1984. Euptera intricata Aurivillius, 1894. Amiet et al., 1998: 275.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Ekundu”. Neallotype (male): Douala, Cameroon, XI 1996 (P. Prouvost). Holotype (female) in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/i). Neallotype (male) in A.B.R.I., Nairobi, Kenya. Male first described by Amiet et al., 1998 (Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 275 (271-284)). Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Ekundu (TL); Douala (Amiet et al., 1998); Bessombe (Libert et al., 2002); Korup (Libert et al., 2002); Lolodorf (Libert et al., 2002); Ndoupe (Libert et al., 2002). Gabon – Mpivie River (van de Weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

richelmanni Weymer, 1907 (as sp. of Euptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 20: 42 (1-51). Type locality: Cameroon: “Kamerun”. Synonymised with Euptera pluto by Hancock, 1984 (together with Euptera intricata).

E. crowleyi group

*Euptera crowleyi (Kirby, 1889) Crowley’s Euptera

Euphaedra crowleyi Kirby, 1889. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 3: 247 (246-249). Cymothoe crowleyi (Kirby, 1889). Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1890-91. Euptera crowleyi (Kirby, 1889). Aurivillius, 1912.

Type locality: [Togo]: “Agove”. Neallotype (male): Gold Coast (Ghana), 1888 (Lanz). Holotype (female) in N.H.M., London and neallotype (male) in Z.M.H.U., Berlin. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Mainly in drier forests but has also been found in wet forests (Larsen, 2005a). It is often found in the vicinity of rivers and marshes (Larsen, 2005a). 11 Habits: This is a rare butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages:

Amiet et al., 1993.

Amiet et al., 1998.

Larval food: Englerophytum oubanguiense (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (Sapotaceae) [Amiet et al., 1993]. Synsepalum brevipes (Baker) T.D.Penn. (Sapotaceae) [Amiet et al., 1993; as Pachystela brevipes].

Note: Larsen (2005a) states that there is an undescribed species in eastern Nigeria.

Euptera crowleyi crowleyi (Kirby, 1889)

Type locality: [Togo]: “Agove”. Neallotype (male): Gold Coast (Ghana), 1888 (Lanz). Holotype (female) in N.H.M., London and neallotype (male) in Z.M.H.U., Berlin. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon. Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Blolekin (Libert et al., 2002); Danane (Libert et al., 2002); Guiglo (Libert et al., 2002); Lamto (Libert et al., 2002); Soubre (Libert et al., 2002); Tai (Libert et al., 2002). Ghana – Gold Coast (Libert et al., 1995); Likpe (Libert et al., 2002). Togo – Agove (TL). Nigeria – Anambra Forest (Libert et al., 2002); Ilaro (Libert et al., 2002); Isheri (Libert et al., 2002); Isnere-Lagos (Libert et al., 2002); Awka (Mamu Forest) (Libert et al., 2002); Ogruga (Libert et al., 2002); Oji River (Libert et al., 2002); Sapoba (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a).

sirene Staudinger, 1891 (as sp. of Euptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 98 (61-157). Ghana: “Goldküste”.

innupta St Leger, 1969 (as sp. of Euptera). Nigerian Field 34: 79 (76-81). Nomen nudum.

Euptera crowleyi centralis Libert, 1995

Euptera crowleyi centralis Libert, 1995. Lambillionea 95 (3) (Tome I): 323 (315-339).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Ebogo, Cameroun, 18.III.1982 (M. Libert).” Allotype (female): Ebogo, Cameroon, II 1985 (M. Libert). Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in M.N.H.N., Paris. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (north – Mayumbe, Equateur, Uele, Tshopo). Specific localities: Cameroon – Ebogo (TL); Avebe (Libert et al., 2002); Ayos (Libert et al., 2002); Douala (Libert et al., 2002); Kribi (Libert et al., 2002); Messam (Libert et al., 2002); Ndoupe (Libert et al., 2002); Nkolesse (Libert et al., 2002); Somalomo (Libert et al., 2002); Zalom (Libert et al., 2002). Gabon – Ogowe River (Libert et al., 2002); Kangwe (Lambarene) (van de Weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (van de Weghe, 2010).

12 Central African Republic – Bangui (Libert et al., 2002); Bimbo (Libert et al., 2002); Bomoloto (Libert et al., 2002); Lobaye (Libert et al., 2002); Mbaiki (Libert et al., 2002); Yakoli (Libert et al., 2002). Democratic Republic of Congo – Api (Libert et al., 2002); Bamanya (Libert et al., 2002); Beni (Libert et al., 2002); Bili (Libert et al., 2002); Bokuma (Libert et al., 2002); Kisangani (Libert et al., 2002); Lindi Valley-Kondolola District (Libert et al., 2002); Luali-Mayumbe (Libert et al., 2002); Mabalika (Libert et al., 2002); Mapimbi (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Hoyo (Libert et al., 2002); Teturi (Libert et al., 2002).

E. aurantiaca group

*Euptera aurantiaca Amiet, 1998 Korup Euptera

Euptera aurantiaca Amiet, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 275 (271-284).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Parc National de Korup, Cameroun, 19-II-89 (D.C. Lees).” Allotype (female): Parc National de Korup, Cameroun, 28 II 1989 (D.C. Lees). Holotype (male) in N.H.M., London and allotype (Female) in A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Distribution: Cameroon. Specific localities: Cameroon – Korup National Park (TL); Bela (Libert et al., 2002); Bessombe (Libert et al., 2002); Bipaga (Libert et al., 2002); Bogso (Libert et al., 2002); Bonepoupa (Libert et al., 2002); Kribi (Libert et al., 2002); Londji (Libert et al., 2002); Ndoupe (Libert et al., 2002); Pout Loloma (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Early stages:

Amiet, 1998 [Cameroon].

Larval food: Englerophytum species (Sapotaceae) [Amiet, 1998; Cameroon].

E. kinugnana group

*Euptera kinugnana (Grose-Smith, 1889)

Euryphene kinugnana Grose-Smith, 1889. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 3: 133 (121-137). Thaleropis kinugnana (Grose-Smith, 1889). Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1891. Euptera pluto kinugnana (Grose-Smith, 1889). Aurivillius, 1912. Euptera pluto kinugnana Grose-Smith, 1889. Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Euptera kinugnana (Grose-Smith, 1889). Libert et al., 1993. Euptera pluto kinugnana (Grose-Smith, 1889). Pringle et al., 1994: 104.

Type locality: Kenya: “in the neighbourhood of Mombasa (Last)”. Allotype (female): Mombasa, Kenya (Last). Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in N.H.M., London. Distribution: Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Madagascar (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. In Tanzania the nominate subspecies is found at altitudes from near sea-level to 1 000 m, occasionally to 1 400 m (Kielland, 1990d).

13 Habits: One of the commoner species of the genus (Larsen, 1991c). The flight is fast, specimens settling with spread wings on foliage to sun themselves (Kielland, 1990d). Males usually defend territories from perches on twigs two to three metres above the ground. Larsen (1991) states that males usually perch high up. Females fly low down, often in the shade of large trees. Both sexes have been recorded feeding from flowers as well as from fermented fruit (Pringle et al., 1994). Flight period: August to December and April-May are the recorded months in southern Africa (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages:

Libert et al., 2002: 90 [nominate subspecies].

Larval food: Englerophytum natalense (Sond.) T.D.Penn. (Sapotaceae) [Larsen, 1991c; Bampton, in Pringle et al., 1994: 104; Malawi; as Bequartiodendron natalense]. Synsepalum brevipes (Baker) T.D.Penn. (Sapotaceae) [Libert et al., 2002: 90; nominate subspecies; as Pachystela brevipes].

Euptera kinugnana kinugnana (Grose-Smith, 1889)

Euryphene kinugnana Grose-Smith, 1889. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 3: 133 (121-137). Thaleropis kinugnana (Grose-Smith, 1889). Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1891. Euptera pluto kinugnana (Grose-Smith, 1889). Aurivillius, 1912. Euptera kinugnana (Grose-Smith, 1889). Libert et al., 1993. Euptera pluto kinugnana (Grose-Smith, 1889). Pringle et al., 1994: 104.

Type locality: Kenya: “in the neighbourhood of Mombasa (Last)”. Allotype (female): Mombasa, Kenya (Last). Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in N.H.M., London. Distribution: Kenya (coast), Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique (Libert et al., 2002). Specific localities: Kenya – Mombasa (TL); Shimba Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Dalgube Forest (Libert et al., 2002); Gazi (Libert et al., 2002); Kilifi (Libert et al., 2002); Kwsale (Libert et al., 2002); Rabai (Libert et al., 2002); Sokoke (Libert et al., 2002); Vanga (Libert et al., 2002). Tanzania – Semdoe Forest Reserve (Doggart et al., 2001); Amani (Libert et al., 2002); Ambangulu (Libert et al., 2002); Handeni (Libert et al., 2002); Ifakara Masagati (Libert et al., 2002); Ilanga (Libert et al., 2002); Kanaga Mountain (Libert et al., 2002); Kilosa (Libert et al., 2002); Kimboza (Libert et al., 2002); Kwaediboma (Libert et al., 2002); Mombo (Libert et al., 2002); Morogoro (Libert et al., 2002); Mwanihana (Libert et al., 2002); Mwanika (Libert et al., 2002); Nguru Mountains (Libert et al., 2002); Pangani (Libert et al., 2002); Pare Mountains (Libert et al., 2002); Parumbira (Libert et al., 2002); Pugu (Libert et al., 2002); Rondo Plateau (Libert et al., 2002); Sanje (Libert et al., 2002); Songea (Libert et al., 2002); Turiani (Libert et al., 2002); Rubeho Mountains (Libert et al., 2002). Malawi – Blantyre (Libert et al., 2002); Dedza District (Libert et al., 2002); Luchenza (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Mulanje (Libert et al., 2002); Namitombo (Libert et al., 2002); Zomba Mountains (Libert et al., 2002). Mozambique – Dondo Forest (Pringle et al., 1994); Savane Forest, north of Beira (Chitty); Muanza, south of Inhaminga (Pinhey); Maronga Forest (Kroon and Pennington); Mata de Nhangau Forest (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Chiperone (Libert et al., 2002); Savanne (Libert et al., 2002); Zimbiti (Libert et al., 2002); Mt Inago (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Mecula [-12.0772 37.6297] (Congdon & Bayliss, 2013).

uhelda Mabille, 1890 (as sp. of Pseudacraea). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (6) 10: 20 (17-51). Tanzania: “Zanguebar”.

14 rufa Joicey & Talbot, 1921 (as female f. of Euptera pluto kinugnana). Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 61 (40-166). [Malawi]: “Nyasaland; Milanje, Nyasaland”.

mckayi Gifford, 1965 (as female f. of Euptera pluto kinugnana). A list of the butterflies of Malawi 104 (151 pp.). Blantyre. Malawi: “Mlanje, 3200'”.

Euptera kinugnana insularis Collins, 1995

Euptera kinugnana insularis Collins, 1995. Lambillionea 95 (3) (Tome I): 330 (315-339).

Type locality: Madagascar: “route de la Grande Cascade, Montagne d’Ambre, Madagascar, IV 1966 (Brévière).” Holotype in MNHN, Paris. Distribution: Madagascar (extreme north). Known only from the holotype (male). Specific localities: Madagascar – Ambre Mountain (TL).

E. pluto group

E. pluto sub-group

*Euptera pluto (Ward, 1873) Pluto Euptera

Euryphene pluto Ward, 1873. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 10: 59 (59-60, 151-152). Euptera pluto (Ward, 1873). Aurivillius, 1912.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Camaroons”. Neotype (male): Bitje, Cameroun. Neallotype (female): Nkolesse, Cameroun, 10 III 1987 (M. Libert). Neotype and Neallotype designated by Amiet et al., 1998; both in N.H.M., London. Female first described by Amiet et al., 1998 (Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 278 (271-284)). Distribution: Liberia, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (Amiet et al., 1998), Tanzania, Zambia. Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Englerophytum species (Sapotaceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 66].

Euptera pluto pluto (Ward, 1873)

Euryphene pluto Ward, 1873. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 10: 59 (59-60, 151-152). Euptera pluto (Ward, 1873). Aurivillius, 1912.

15 of Congo (north). Specific localities: Nigeria – Ahoada (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Bitje (TL); Bikoman (Libert et al., 2002); Ebas I (Libert et al., 2002); Ebogo (Libert et al., 2002); Lena (Libert et al., 2002); Mambioko (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Febe (Libert et al., 2002); Nachtigal (Libert et al., 2002); Nkolesse (Libert et al., 2002); Nkolmekie (Libert et al., 2002); Somalomo (Libert et al., 2002); Zoetoupsi (Libert et al., 2002). Gabon – Fernan Vaz (Libert et al., 2002); Lake Onanga (Libert et al., 2002); Mitzic (Libert et al., 2002); Ogowe River (Libert et al., 2002). Congo – Brazzaville (Libert et al., 2002); Etoumbi (Libert et al., 2002); Kuilu (Libert et al., 2002). Central African Republic – Bangui (Libert et al., 2002); Bombo (Libert et al., 2002); Bomoloto (Libert et al., 2002); Boucha (Libert et al., 2002); Kapou (Libert et al., 2002); Lobaye (Libert et al., 2002); Mbaiki (Libert et al., 2002); Mbata (Libert et al., 2002); Mbeko (Libert et al., 2002); Moloukou (Libert et al., 2002); Yakoli (Libert et al., 2002). Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni (Libert et al., 2002); Biakutu (Libert et al., 2002); Kinziki (Libert et al., 2002); Kisangani (Libert et al., 2002); Kongour Forest-Manyema (Libert et al., 2002); Makusa (Libert et al., 2002); Mombasa (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Hoyo (Libert et al., 2002); Medje (Libert et al., 2002); Paulis (Libert et al., 2002); Rungu (Libert et al., 2002); Watalinga (Libert et al., 2002).

trigona Holland, 1892 (as sp. of Thaleropis). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 10: 284 (284- 294). Gabon: “Lake Onauga, Gaboon, W. Africa”.

Euptera pluto occidentalis Chovet, 1998

Euptera pluto occidentalis Chovet, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 279 (271-284).

Type locality: [Togo]: “Agové, Bénin.” In N.H.M., London. Known from six females (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Liberia, Togo, Gabon. Specific localities: Togo – Agove (TL). Gabon – Lake Evaro (van de Weghe, 2010).

Note: Larsen (2005a) states that this taxon may be specifically distinct and that Nigerian material from Ahoada may represent subspecies occidentalis rather than the nominate subspecies. A single female from Gabon (van de Weghe, 2010) is referable to ‘occidentalis’, casting further doubts on the taxonomic position of this subspecies.

Euptera pluto primitiva Hancock, 1984

Euptera pluto primitiva Hancock, 1984. Arnoldia. Zimbabwe 9 (11): 176 (165-179).

Euptera pluto primitiva. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 49mm. Lisombo, Mwinilunga dist., 01/V/2001. A.J. Gardiner. (Gardiner Collection).

Type locality: Uganda: “Katera, Uganda, X 1935 (T.H.E. Jackson)”. Neallotype (male): Kasai River, Zaire, 1904 (Designated by Amiet et al., 1998). Holotype (female) and neallotype (male) in N.H.M., London. Male first described by Amiet et al., 1998 (Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 279). Distribution: Uganda (Katera), Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo (south-east – Lualaba), Zambia (north-west). Specific localities: Uganda – Katera (TL). Tanzania – Kakindu (Libert et al., 2002). Democratic Republic of Congo – Kasai River (Amiet et al., 1998); Kafakumba (Libert et al., 2002); Kangozi (Libert et al., 2002); Kapanga (Libert et al., 2002); Luena (Libert et al., 2002); Lukoshi River (Libert et al., 2002); Lupweshi River (Libert et al., 2002); Mutshindji (Libert et al., 2002); Sandoa (Libert et al., 2002). Zambia – Zambezi Rapids (Heath et al., 2002); Lisombu River (Heath et al., 2002; female illustrated above).

primitiva van Someren, 1939 (as female f. of Euptera elabontas). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 14: 92 (15-100). Uganda: “Katera”.

*Euptera zowa Fox, 1965 Fox’s Euptera

Euptera pluto zowa Fox, 1965 in Fox et al., 1965. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society No. 19: 216 (438 pp.). Euptera zowa Fox, 1965. Amiet et al., 1998: 279.

Euptera zowa. Male (Wingspan 39 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November 2011. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: Liberia: “Harbel, Marshall Terr., 5 II 1955 (R.M. Fox).” Neallotype (female): Mabang, Sierra Leone, 1904 (Designated by Amiet et al., 1998). Holotype (male) in C.M.N.H., Pittsburgh and neallotype (female) in N.H.M., London. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria. Specific localities: Guinea – Boncori (Libert et al., 2002); Dubreka (Libert et al., 2002); Labe (Libert et al., 2002). Sierra Leone – Mabang (Amiet et al., 1998); Kabanta (Libert et al., 2002); Kamakoni (Libert et al., 2002); Loma Mountains (Libert et al., 2002); Ngalla (Libert et al., 2002); Outamba-Kilimi (Libert et al., 2002); Tiwai Island-Moa River (Libert et al., 2002). Liberia – Harbel (TL); Gokai (Libert et al., 2002). Ivory Coast – Abidjan (Libert et al., 2002); Bouake (Libert et al., 2002); Danane (Libert et al., 2002); Dassioko (Libert et al., 2002); Dimbroko (Libert et al., 2002); Gagnoa (Libert et al., 2002); Guiglo (Libert et al., 2002); Lamto (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Peko (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Sangbe (Libert et al., 2002); Tai (Libert et al., 2002); Tiassale (Libert et al., 2002). Ghana – Aburi Ridge (Libert et al., 2002); Amedzofe (Libert et al., 2002); Apopam (Libert et al., 2002); Asukole (Libert et al., 2002); Atewa (Libert et al., 2002); Boti Falls (Libert et al., 2002); Kibi (Libert et al., 2002); Kumasi (Libert et al., 2002); Kyabobo N.P. (Libert et al., 2002); Likpe (Libert et al., 2002); Obuassi (Libert et al., 2002); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Togo – Badou (Libert et al., 2002); Kloto (Libert et al., 2002). Nigeria – Gashaka Gumpti N.P. (Libert et al., 2002); Ikom (Libert et al., 2002); Ilaro Forest (Libert et al., 2002); Isheri Forest (Libert et al., 2002); Isnere Forest (Libert et al., 2002); Itu (Libert et al., 2002); Kafanchan (Libert et al., 2002); Kagoro Forest (Libert et al., 2002); Lagos (Libert et al., 2002); Olokomeji (Libert et al., 2002); Opi (Libert et al., 2002); Uzuakoli (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This is the commonest euptera west of the Dahomey Gap (Larsen, 2005a). In the afternoon individuals of both sexes may dive down from the canopy to ground level for a few seconds at a time. Males sometimes mudpuddle, with the wings held flat against the ground (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euptera ducarmei Collins, 1998

Euptera ducarmei Collins, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 279 (271-284).

Type locality: [DemocraticRepublic of Congo]: “Beni, Zaïre, VIII-1982 (R. Ducarme).” Allotype (female): Sulungbe, Watalinga, D.R.C. (R. Ducarme). Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in M.R.A.C., Tervuren. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east), Central African Republic (Amiet et al., 1998). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni (TL); Biakatu (Libert et al., 2002); Makusa (Libert et al., 2002); Mambasa (Libert et al., 2002); Sulungbe, Watalinga (Libert et al., 2002). Central African Republic – Bangui (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euptera falsathyma Schultze, 1916

Euptera falsathyma Schultze, 1916. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 81 (A.12.): 138 (136-142). Synonym of Euptera pluto pluto (Ward). Hancock, 1984. Euptera falsathyma Schultze, 1916. Amiet et al., 1998: 282.

Type locality: Cameroon: “Malén (Süd-Kamerun)”. Neotype (female): Bangui, R.C.A., VII 1991 and neallotype (male): Bangui, R.C.A., VIII 1991; designated by Amiet et al., 1998; both in M.N.H.N., Paris. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon (Libert, 2005c), Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east) (Amiet et al., 1998). Specific localities: Cameroon – Malen (TL); Babetho (Libert et al., 2002); Deng Deng (Libert et al., 2002); Lomie (Libert et al., 2002); Masse (Libert et al., 2002); Somoloma-Dja (Libert et al., 2002). Gabon – Ipassa, Ivindo N.P. (van de Weghe, 2010). Congo – Ketta (Libert et al., 2002); Mambili (Libert et al., 2002). Central African Republic – Bangui (Libert et al., 2002); Bimbo (Libert et al., 2002); Boukoko (Libert et al., 2002); Lobaye (Libert et al., 2002); Mbaiki (Libert et al., 2002); Moloukou (Libert et al., 2002); Ngbo (Libert et al., 2002). Democratic Republic of Congo – Irumu (Libert et al., 2002); Kisangani (Libert et al., 2002); Katako- Kombe (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Hoyo (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euptera choveti Amiet & Collins, 1998

Euptera choveti Amiet & Collins, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 282 (271-284).

Type locality: Cental African Republic: “Bangui, R.C.A., VIII-1991.” Allotype (male): Bangui, R.C.A., VIII 1991. Holotype (female) and allotype (male) in M.N.H.N., Paris. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Amiet et al., 1998). Specific localities: Cameroon – Deng Deng (Libert et al., 2002); Dja (Libert et al., 2002); Log Bako’o (Libert et al., 2002); Ndoupe (Libert et al., 2002); Ngoyang (Libert et al., 2002). Gabon – Ipassa (Libert et al., 2002); Mitzic (Libert et al., 2002). Congo – Ketta (Libert et al., 2002); Mambili (Libert et al., 2002). Central African Republic – Bangui (TL); Batalimo (Libert et al., 2002); Bolemba (Libert et al., 2002); Boutcha (Libert et al., 2002); Lobaye (Libert et al., 2002); Mbaiki (Libert et al., 2002); Mbata (Libert et al., 2002); Moloukou (Libert et al., 2002); Mongoumba (Libert et al., 2002). Democratic Republic of Congo – Biakatu (Libert et al., 2002); Teturi (Libert et al., 2002); Djeka-Mbudi (Libert et al., 2002); Kisangani (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euptera mocquerysi Staudinger, 1893

Euptera mocquerysi Staudinger, 1893. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 6: 84 (83-86). Synonym of Euptera pluto pluto (Ward). Aurivillius, 1899. 19 Euptera mocquerysi Staudinger, 1893. Amiet et al., 1998: 282.

Type locality: Congo: “Kuilu Fluss, Congo (Mocquerys).” Allotype (female): same data as holotype. Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in Z.M.H.U., Berlin. Female first described by Amiet et al., 1998 (Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 282). Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola (Cabinda) (Amiet et al., 1998). Specific localities: Cameroon – Ndoupe (Libert et al., 2002). Gabon – Lake Evaro (van de Weghe, 2010). Congo – Kuilu (=Kouilou) River (TL). Angola – Buco Zau (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

sterna Staudinger, 1894 (as [unnecessary] replacement name for Euptera mocquerysi Staudinger). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 6: 369 (368-369).

*Euptera knoopi Libert & Chovet, 1998 Knoop’s Euptera

Euptera knoopi Libert & Chovet, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 282 (271-284).

Type locality: Nigeria: “Sapoba, 27-XII-1977 (D. Knoop).” Allotype (female): Ikom, Nigeria, II 1952 (T.H.E. Jackson). Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in N.H.M., London. Distribution: Nigeria (Amiet et al., 1998). Specific localities: Nigeria – Sapoba (TL); Ubiaja (Amiet et al., 1998); Ikom (Amiet et al., 1998); Isheri, near Lagos (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A very scarce species (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

E. liberti sub-group

*Euptera liberti Collins, 1987

Euptera liberti Collins, 1987. Lambillionea 87 (7-8): 93 (92-96).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Ebogo, Nyong river, Cameroon, II 1985 (S. Collins)”. Allotype (female): Ebogo, Nyong River, Cameroun, III 1984 (M. Libert). Holotype (male) in A.B.R.I., Nairobi and allotype (female) in M.N.H.N., Paris. Female first described by Amiet et al., 1998 (Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 283). Distribution: Cameroon (south of Yaoundé), Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east) (Amiet et al., 1998). Specific localities: Cameroon – Ebogo, Nyong River (TL); Nachtigal (Libert et al., 2002); Ndzi (Libert et al., 2002); Nkolmekie (Libert et al., 2002); Nkolngock (Libert et al., 2002).

20 Democratic Republic of Congo – Bucha (Libert et al., 2002); Mapimbi (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Early stages:

Amiet et al, 1998.

Larval food: Synsepalum dulcificum (Schmach. & Thonn.) Daniell (Sapotaceae) [Amiet et al., 1998]. Synsepalum letouzeyi Aubrév. (Sapotaceae) [Amiet et al., 1998].

*Euptera debruynei (Hecq, 1990)

Pseudathyma debruynei Hecq, 1990. Lambillionea 90 (2): 39 (39-41). Euptera debruynei (Hecq, 1990) comb. n. Amiet et al., 1998: 283.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Ituri, Mongbwalu, XI 1978 (F. De Bruyne))”. Neallotype (male): Beni, Kivu, D.R.C. (R. Ducarme) (Designated by Amiet et al., 1998). Holotype (female) and neallotype (male) in M.R.A.C., Tervuren. Male first described by Amiet et al., 1998 (Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 283). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east) (Amiet et al., 1998). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Mongbwala (TL); Beni (Libert et al., 2002); Biakatu (Libert et al., 2002); Mambasa (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Hoyo (Libert et al., 2002); Teturi (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

E. neptunus group

E. neptunus sub-group

*Euptera neptunus Joicey & Talbot, 1924 Neptune Euptera

Euptera pluto neptunus Joicey & Talbot, 1924. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 541 (539-564). Euptera neptunus Joicey & Talbot, 1924. Amiet et al., 1998: 275.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kondolola district, Lindi Valley, Belgian Congo”. Neallotype (female): Paulis, Uele, D.R.C., 17 XII 1955 (M. Fontaine) (Designated by Amiet et al., 1998). Holotype (male) in N.H.M., London and neallotype (female) in M.R.A.C., Tervuren. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (central and east – Uele, Lindi Valley, Tshuapa, Cataractes, Sankuru). Specific localities: Nigeria – Ikom (Amiet et al., 1998). Cameroon – Bambouti (Libert et al., 2002); Batanga (Libert et al., 2002); Bitje (Libert et al., 2002); Ebas I (Libert et al., 2002); Ebogo (Libert et al., 2002); Masse (Libert et al., 2002); Mbaka (Libert et al., 2002); Mbega (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Febe (Libert et al., 2002); Kala (Libert et al., 2002); Ngoaekele (Libert et al., 2002); Nkolkomou (Libert et al., 2002); Zalom (Libert et al., 2002); Toko in Korup N.P. (Martha Bechem, vide Larsen, 2005a). 21 Congo – Ketta (Libert et al., 2002); Mambili (Libert et al., 2002). Central African Republic – Bimbo (Libert et al., 2002); Botambi (Libert et al., 2002); Bouchia (Libert et al., 2002); Goodi Goodi (Libert et al., 2002); Kapou (Libert et al., 2002); Lobaye (Libert et al., 2002); Mbaiki (Libert et al., 2002); Mbata (Libert et al., 2002); Mbeko (Libert et al., 2002); Moloukou (Libert et al., 2002); Yakoli (Libert et al., 2002). Democratic Republic of Congo – Lindi Valley (TL); Beni (Libert et al., 2002); Biakatu (Libert et al., 2002); Gwaka (Libert et al., 2002); Kondolala (Libert et al., 2002); Mapimbi (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Hoyo (Libert et al., 2002); Paulis (Libert et al., 2002); Teturi (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euptera semirufa Joicey & Talbot, 1921

Euptera semirufa Joicey & Talbot, 1921. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 60 (40-166). Euptera sirene semirufa Joicey & Talbot, 1921. Peters, 1952. Euptera semirufa Joicey & Talbot, 1921. Berger, 1981. Euptera sirene semirufa Joicey & Talbot, 1921. Hancock, 1984. Euptera semirufa Joicey & Talbot, 1921. Amiet et al., 1998.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “North Ituri Valley, between Epulu and Duye Rivers, III 1920 (T.A. Barns)”. Neallotype (male): Lobaye River, Bangui, R.C.A. (S. Collins) (Designated by Amiet et al., 1998). Holotype (female) and neallotype (male) in N.H.M., London. Distribution: Cameroon (east and central), Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east – Ituri, Uele). Specific localities: Cameroon – Deng Deng (Libert et al., 2002); Dja (Libert et al., 2002); Masse (Libert et al., 2002). Gabon – Ipassa (Libert et al., 2002). Central African Republic – Batalimo (Libert et al., 2002); Bimbo (Libert et al., 2002); Bomoloto (Libert et al., 2002); Boukoko (Libert et al., 2002); Goodi Goodi (Libert et al., 2002); Lobaye River, Bangui (Libert et al., 2002); Mbata (Libert et al., 2002); Mbeko (Libert et al., 2002); Moloukou (Libert et al., 2002); Ndolobo (Libert et al., 2002); Yakoli (Libert et al., 2002). Democratic Republic of Congo – Between Epulu and Duye Rivers (TL); Bafwasende (Libert et al., 2002); Bamanya (Libert et al., 2002); Biakatu (Libert et al., 2002); Beni (Libert et al., 2002); Mbandaka (Libert et al., 2002); Dekese (Libert et al., 2002); Itoko (Libert et al., 2002); Kisangani (Libert et al., 2002); Kondolola (Libert et al., 2002); Lusambo (Libert et al., 2002); Mapimbi (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Hoyo (Libert et al., 2002); Paulis (Libert et al., 2002); Tumba (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euptera mimetica Collins & Amiet, 1998 Mimetic Euptera

Euptera mimetica Collins & Amiet, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 278 (271-284).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Ejagham, Cameroun, III-1987 (M. Libert).” Allotype (female): same data as holotype. Holotype (male) and allotype (female) in M.N.H.N., Paris. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon (west), Congo. Specific localities: Nigeria – Ikom (Larsen, 2005a).

22 Cameroon – Ejagham (TL); Batanga (Libert et al., 2002); Campo (Libert et al., 2002); Londji (Libert et al., 2002); Maan (Libert et al., 2002); Mamfe (Libert et al., 2002). Congo – Kelle (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Apparently a very rare butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

E. ituriensis sub-group

*Euptera ituriensis Libert, 1998

Euptera ituriensis Libert, 1998. Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 283 (271-284).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Beni, Ituri (4000 ft), Zaïre, IV-1947 (T.H.E. Jackson).” Neallotype (male): Biakatu, D.R.C., 23 VII 2001 (R. Ducarme) (Designated by Libert et al., 2002). Holotype (female) in N.H.M., London and neallotype (male) in M.R.A.C., Tervuren. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east) (Amiet et al., 1998). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Beni (TL); Biakatu (Libert et al., 2002); Kisangani (Libert et al., 2002); Omotumba (Libert et al., 2002); Sankuru (Libert et al., 2002) Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

E. mirifica group

*Euptera mirifica Carpenter & Jackson, 1950

Euptera mirifica Carpenter & Jackson, 1950. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 19: 100 (97-108). Synonym of Euptera semirufa Joicey & Talbot. Hancock, 1984. Euptera mirifica Carpenter & Jackson, 1950. Libert et al., 1995: 335.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Belgian Congo, Ituri forest, Irumu, Epulu, c 3500 ft, IX 1946 (T.H.E. Jackson)”. Neallotype (female): Mount Nkolodon, 1000 m (Yaounde), Cameroon, 1 II 1992 (J.-L. Amiet, ex larva) (Designated by Libert et al., 1995). Holotype (male) in N.H.M., London and neallotype (female) in M.N.H.M., Paris. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Cameroon – Makak (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Eloumden (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Febe (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Kala (Libert et al., 2002); Messa (Libert et al., 2002); Ngoaekele (Libert et al., 2002); Nkolkomou (Libert et al., 2002); Nkolodon (Libert et al., 2002); Okolo (Libert et al., 2002). Democratic Republic of Congo – Epulu (TL); Bucha (Libert et al., 2002); Beni (Libert et al., 2002); Biakatu (Libert et al., 2002); Kisangani (Libert et al., 2002); Mambasa (Libert et al., 2002); Mapimbi (Libert et al., 2002); Mbau (Libert et al., 2002); Mount Hoyo (Libert et al., 2002); Paulis (Libert et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest.

23 Early stages:

Amiet, 1998.

Larval food: Synsepalum msolo (Engl.) T.D.Penn. (Sapotaceae) [Amiet, 1998; as Pachystela msolo].

mirabilis Libert, 2005 (as sp. of Euptera). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 110: 377 (377- 380). Described from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Formally synonymised with Euptera mirifica Carpenter & Jackson, 1950 by Libert, 2014.

Unplaced taxa

*Euptera ginettae Libert, 2005

Euptera ginettae Libert, 2005. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 110: 378 (377-380).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euptera grepi Libert, 2014

Euptera grepi Libert, 2014. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 119 (1): ? (79-90).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (east). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Euptera grepi grepi Libert, 2014

Euptera grepi grepi Libert, 2014. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 119 (1): ? (79-90).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east).

Euptera grepi cameruna Libert, 2014

Euptera grepi cameruna Libert, 2014. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 119 (1): ? (79-90).

Type locality: Cameroon: “”. Distribution: Cameroon.

*Euptera miranda Libert, 2014

Euptera miranda Libert, 2014. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 119 (1): ? (79-90).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Euptera fallax Libert, 2014

Euptera fallax Libert, 2014. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 119 (1): ? (79-90).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.