Pathways ISSN: 0840-8114 Summer 2010,22(4) T e h O poem n t i r a o J o l a n r u

o f O u t d O O r byjenniferpayne E a c u d t i o n

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Pathways Summer T Managing Editor: Randee Holmes Chair: e h Pathways EditorialBoard 506-169 St.GeorgeSt.,TorontoM5R2M4 McMaster University,HamiltonL8S4K1 O Queen’s University,KingstonK7L3N6 2010, 22(4 e-mail: [email protected] School ofOutdoorRecreation,Parks 605 ArborRd.,PortCreditL5G 2K1 and Tourism,LakeheadUniversity, e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] n Adventureworks! Associates,Inc. (H) 613-541-1756(B)613-533-6209 e-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box399,HamiltonL8N3H8 (B) 905-304-5683(F)905-304-0386 t e-mail: [email protected] 88 SackvilleSt,BoltonL7E1B8 i r a e-mail: [email protected] ) Department ofKinesiology, 102 PlazaDrive,Box63012, KathyHaras Duncan MacArthurHall, o e-mail: [email protected] (B) 905-525-9140x23573 e-mail: [email protected] J (B) 905-527-1158x276 Thunder BayP7B5E1 o Zabe MacEachren Dundas L9H4H0 l a n r u (B) 905-271-6129 (B) 807-343-8756 Bob Henderson Gavan Watson Darrell Makin Scott Caspell 647-439-0271 Ian Hendry

o om f O

Columns E E E E Features Submission Guidelines..…………………………………………. 36 Point...... ……………………………………..………...32 Prospect Backpocket...... ……………………………………………………31 Borders...………….……...... …………...... 25 Our Beyond .………………………………………..…..23 Voyageurs Nos Tous Wildwords...………….……...... …………...... 22 Tripping...…...... …………...... 21 to Response A Wildness…………………...... 17 to Returning to Response A Reminder………………….…………....3 Conference COEO View.………………………………….……………….3 President’s 2 .………………………………………………………… Log Editors’ u ducation for Well-Being Environment for ducation Curriculum for ducation Character.. for ducation t Mark Blieske Phil Dannenmann(withKaarenDannenmann) Canoe Tripping Fiona Hough and Reconnection Returning toWildness:OfWhitewaterCanoeing Kids inCanoes Anne Warner How aCanoeTripTurnedintoPhDDissertation Information forAuthorsand Artists MaryL.Northway(IntroductionbyBobHenderson) Going onCampingTrips Kate Humphrys Activities ontheWater Nils OlofVikander Sea :AnOxymoron? Amanda Kijewski Patience andPersistenceinPaddling Greg Lowan Kanu Haiku James Raffan Pulling Together Philip Mullins On SkillandEnvironmental(Re)connections Zabe MacEachren Jess DunkinandBryanGrimwood d O O r E a c u d ……..………………….……………...... ………………………………………….. .. t ……….....………………………… i ...... o ………………………………… n

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PATHWAYS E ditors’ Log fresh perspectivesontheopportunitiesthat COEO communityandbeyondwouldyield reaching out to potential contributors from the outdoor learning.Wewereconfidentthat conversations aboutthecanoeasaspacefor stemmed fromadesiretorevisitearlier themes ofcanoeingandoutdooreducation The decisiontodevelopanissuearoundthe programs. be incorporatedintooutdooreducation practical, onhowthecanoewas,isandmight variety ofperspectives,boththeoreticaland territories, thearticlesthatfollowoffera journeys thattraverseconceptualandphysical ocean canoeingintransnationalwatersto kids withspecialneedsinOttawa,from Ontario tourbanpaddlingprogramsfor junior highschoolstudentsinnorthern wilderness canoetripsundertakenwith across arangeoftimesandplaces.From between outdooreducationandpaddling which isconcernedwiththerelationship off pointforthisseason’sissueof environment, providestheperfectjumping physicality, movement,practiceand The poem,whichexploresthemesof relationship betweenthetwo. on outdooreducationandcanoeingthe reflection ontheprocess,butmoregenerally Payne wrote“PaddlePoem”aspartofher part ofanindividualproject.StudentJennifer were giventheoptiontocarveapaddleas canoe trip.Laterinthesemester,students day fieldcomponent,includingafive-day outdoor education”thatbeganwithanine- of skills,pedagogyandperspectives University. Thecoursewas“anexamination taught byDr.BobHendersonatMcMaster an outdoorexperientialeducationcourse this issueof The poemthatgracesthefrontcoverof is courtesyofhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/dailyinvention/17473337/ Mason (page30,www.bubblestreet.ca) andJennifer Payne(cover).Thephotoonpage29 and 27),JoshGordon(pages 6,14,16,23and26),ElizabethMcManus(page 22), Paul Anderson (pages4,13,20 and24),MarkBlieske(page9),KatieHewett(pages 12,19,25 Sketch Pad– Pathways The artforthisissueof wassubmittedfor Pathways Pathways , is thattheconversationsundertakenby Aboriginal heritageofthecanoe.Ourhope to drawattentiontheoften-overlooked a uniquenarrativeofacknowledgement while thesecond,“CanoeTripping,”employs river canoeingasawayofrelatingtonature, “Returning toWildness,”exploreswhitewater by responsepieces.Thefirst,entitled critical reflectionsoncanoeingaccompanied audience. Youwillnoticetheinclusionoftwo fruitful readingandreflectionforthe bring —adiversitythatwehopewillyield perspectives thatthecontributorstothisissue We areespeciallypleasedwiththediversityof before you,wewereright! ways. Andbasedontheissuethatstands nature, othersandthemselvesinmeaningful canoeing createsforparticipantstoencounter within anArcticriverscape. considers responsibility,naturesandencounters Studies atCarletonUniversity.Hisresearch Department ofGeographyandEnvironmental Bryan GrimwoodisaPhDCandidateinthe present. northeastern USfromthemid-19thcenturyto andcanoeingineasternCanadathe Her researchexploreswomen’sencounterswith Department ofHistoryatCarletonUniversity. Jess DunkinisaPhDCandidateinthe canoe inourprogramming. consider, re-thinkandenacttheplaceof about wayswe,asoutdooreducators,might further dialoguebeyondthepagesof contributors andrespondentswillinitiate wasgenerouslycontributed byChris Jess DunkinandBryanGrimwood Guest Editors Pathways Pathways

a canoecomefromwashingdeerribs? float acrossthewaterinit?Ordidideafor wonder iftheymadeabigbasketcould Did someonenoticeabirchbarkbasketand with thenotionofhowcanoecametobe. can recallthatforyearsIwasfascinated represents aperfectmetaphorforplace.I In alandsofulloflakesandriversthecanoe pleasures. associate canoeswithsuchrestorative work. IwouldliketothinkthatallCanadians shoulders thataretensefromcomputer to dropmybloodpressureandrelax Just thethoughtofword McCormack ([email protected]) ifyouhaveapresentationorworkshop idea. Please joinusforthisevent, andcontactJoshBerger([email protected]) orScott beings —inacommoneffort tolearnhowlivewellonthisland. acknowledging traditionalterritoriesandbuildingrespectful relationshipsbetweenall COEO’s 2010conferenceintendstoengageintercultural dialoguestoworktowards sustains us,wemustre-imagineandre-learnhowto live wellinaplace. To reconnectourselves,experiences,technologiesandteachingswiththenaturalworldthat critical tolearninghowlivewelltogetheronthisland. As populationincreasesandplacesbecomemoreculturallydiverse,interculturaldialogueis Aboriginal traditionalterritory.Thisisrespectfulandappropriateforusalltoacknowledge. As outdoorandenvironmentaleducatorsinOntariowearelivingteachingon P Learning toLiveWellonThisLand:AcknowledgingTraditionalTerritories,Engaging • • • resident’s View on traditionalterritories? How canwecometoknowplace-appropriatewaysof living,learningandteaching foreground Indigenouswaysofknowing? How mightwehonourcallsfromAboriginalcommunities torespectfully In whatwayscanweengagecreativelywiththenatural world? Intercultural Dialogues,andFosteringNatureInterconnections Sept24–26,2010KinarkOutdoorCentre canoeing COEO ConferenceReminder seems Instinct If allgoeswellIwillreaditwhilefloatingin to thanktheguesteditorsforalltheirwork. I lookforwardtoreadingthisissueandwant As along-timeloverofpaddlingandcanoes canoes canbebirthedintoreality. dreams cananswerquestionsanditemslike dream. ItwasinthiswaythatIlearnedhow traditions Ishouldhavemadetheitemofmy First Nation,andaccordingtoAnishinabe occurred whenIwasteachingamonga of foldedcedarbasketandcanoe.Mydream a personfloatingawayinwhatwasblend I felthonouredtohavedreamtonenightof , thecanoeImade. Zabe MacEachren

3 PATHWAYS 4 PATHWAYS E ducation forCharacter I hadn’t had enough. I wanted the simple life to I hadn’thadenough.wantedthesimplelifeto — Kipawa was our home. And, at the end of it, through , ate heartily, and laughed hard afternoon. We paddled strong, sang loud, raced Kipawa and devoured poutine and candy for an hut onenight.Wevisitedthesmalltownof trails and even slept in an abandoned fishing Kingdom! We portaged through old logging It was like we were the rulers of the Kipawa wow, wasthatexciting—wesawfewpeople. group also out on trip from my camp — and, Other than the few encounters with the boys’ through ourdays. to livewithquirkypersonalities,wewent playing manygamesofeuchre,andlearning 40kilometresacrossinfinitelakes, of thosegroupsthatjustclicked.Regularly five campersandthreestaff,itwasone one wasspecialandthelongest.Therewere been onseveralcanoetripsbefore,butthis born. Iwas14yearsoldatthetime.had camp thatmyloveforcanoetrippingwas It wasonthe21-daycanoetripaspartofmy By Anne Warner How aCanoeTrip Turned intoaPhDDissertation Quebec. Iamfourteen. overlooking thevastnessofLacKipawa,in dry outinthesunasIsitonanimposingrock my towel,andnapkin.Iletnakedfeet My stretchedcottont-shirtismyprotection, biceps arefirm.Myfarmer’stanisobvious. with driedmud,anditchyfrombites.My My handsarecallused.legsspotted people whohadbecomemyfamily. over mesmerizing lakes, and to be with the back, to transport myself swiftly and smoothly continue — to carry my food and shelter on my this day. nature, societyandlifethat Icarrywithmeto lessons atayoungageabout thewilderness, trees. Canoetrippingtaught meinvaluable friends andacanoesurroundedbylakes it wastoliveoutofabackpackwithsome in camp.Iknewwhatanextraordinarything more andtobeoncanoetripinsteadof Though Ilovedcamp,asgotolderwanted say, camphadquiteanimpactonmyyouth. mostly forthewholesummer.Needlessto up, Iwenttothreedifferentsleepovercamps, experience standoutinmymind.Growing and theemptinessoflakesthatmade was somethingaboutthepeopleontrip trip withmycampthefollowingyear.It as special,evenafterdoinga36-daycanoe I havealwaysrememberedmyKipawatrip wanted togobackKipawa. little worldofeightturnedintoone200.I dining hallwasdeafeningatmealtimes—my my t-shirtabrilliantwhite.Thesoundinthe We satonchairsattables.Myhairwasclean; hall foodwasplacedonthetablebeforeus. were thrustbackintocamplife.Inthedining seeing onlyeachotherforthreeweeks,we the Augustsessionended.Suddenly,after I wereincampforacoupleofdaysbefore After leavingKipawa,mycabinmatesand for threeweeks. busiest highways, after living in the wilderness cars at Yorkdale Mall, beside one of ’s I am dropped off among hundreds of parked culture shock I am about to experience when highway 400. Nothing can prepare me for the It istheendofAugustandIamonabus buildings were built,therewasnorunning girl’s character.Thus,only themostnecessary was mostbeneficialtothe developmentof that livingassimplypossible outdoors as possibletolifeonacanoe trip.Shebelieved with theintentionthatcamp lifebeassimilar founder, FannieL.Case.Casebuilthercamp in 1906,standstruetothephilosophiesofits girls, locatedinAlgonquinParkandfounded camps. Forinstance,CampNorthwayfor movement havecontinuedinmanyoftoday’s in thefirstyearsofOntariocamping the traditionsandphilosophiesestablished the future.InmyresearchIhavefoundthat As ahistorian,Ibelievethatthepastinforms is reallynecessarytolive. living andgivesthempausetoconsiderwhat tripping expose young people to the basics of your meals made for you.” Camp and canoe in jetplanesandgotorestaurantshave go on and live in a high rise building, you fly things forahumanbeingtodo.Andthenyou own shelter. Those are pretty fundamental make your own meal and you put up your and you’re paddling all day long and you as partofmystudy,“Yougoonacanoetrip words of a camp director whom I interviewed a simplerwayoflifeandteamwork.Inthe an appreciation for wildlife, the wilderness, she wouldnothaveinthecity.Shedevelops gives a 14-year-old a perspective on life that forming institution persists today. A canoe trip of camp (and canoe tripping) as a character traits notpossibleinthecity.Theperception a place where youth could develop character years ofOntariocamping,campwasseenas the same now as it was then? In the early camp? What were canoe trips like? Is camp Who wenttothecamps?Whatdidtheydoat was their motivation for starting a camp? of thefirstcampsandtheirfounders.What go back in time and learn about the history devoted tocanoetripping.Itisfascinating camps inthe1920sand1930s,withachapter my dissertation about private Ontario youth influenced my life so much that I am writing history. My Kipawa canoe trip so long ago I amnowaPhDstudentstudyingsport have beenwovenintothephilosophiesand evolved throughthedecades.Thesenewideas education haveaffectedthewaythatcamp developments insafetystandardsandyouth philosophies ofcamphaveremained, change. Whiletraditionsandcore There arealsolessonsinhistorythrough to expand. and cappingenrolmentat50despitepressure at Northway,emphasizingcanoetripping, by maintainingthesimplenatureofcamplife director, hasheldfirmtoCase’sconvictions (Case, n.d.).BrookesPrewitt,thecurrent Further, Caselimitedenrolmentto50campers central featureoftheNorthwayexperience. water orelectricity,andcanoetrippingwasa outdoor education indevelopingcharacter to adeeperunderstanding oftheplace of youthcampsandcanoe tripping leads relationship withthewilderness. Thehistory rich Aboriginalhistoryand enduring Canada asanationandis linktoCanada’s canoe wasintegraltotheestablishmentof are partofCanada’ssocialfabric.The and thecanoetrip.Youthcampscanoeing by thetremendouspowerofwilderness They, likeme,were14-year-oldsoncepulled camp andcanoetrippingwereintheirlives. days, theytellmestoriesabouthowspecial the 1920sand1930s.Yearsaftertheircamping of meetingandinterviewingcampersfrom Through myresearch,Ihavehadtheprivilege for overacentury. outdoors hasbeenusedasaneducationaltool outdoor education,butalsothefactthat tool forunderstandingnotonlytherootsof the outdooreducator,historyisanimportant in someofthepracticesatAhmek.Thus,for Conclusions madeinthebookledtochanges and methodsforimprovingcharacterinboys. importance ofcharacterformationatcamp in AlgonquinPark.Thebookexaminedthe observations ofCampAhmekforboyslocated a bookcalled S. DimockandCharlesE.Hendrypublished approach toeducatingyouth.In1929,Hedley customs ofcampcreatingamoreprogressive Camping andCharacter Education forCharacter based on

5 PATHWAYS Education forCharacter 6 PATHWAYS Arowhon inAlgonquinPark: expressed byJoanneKates,directorofCamp the Canadianwildernessinthisprocess.As in Canadianyouth,andthecentralityof canoe inKillarney Park—theseveral teenagers. Ireflectonthelong dayinthe and gigglingintothenightas wedidas finally settleddownforsleep, afterchatting rhythmically ontheshore.Liz andIhave except forthesoundofwater lapping friend, Liz.Itispitchblackandnoiseless, I lieinatentsharedbymylongtimecamp inside themselves. their soul.Itteachesthemtogodeep don’t thinkaboutiteveryday.lifts and changesus..Evenifthecampers our consciousness.Itfeedsusdeeply always inthewilderness.Itpermeates seems verynoisyandbusy.weare everything happens.Eventhoughcamp Wilderness isthecontextwithinwhich youth campsin the1920sand1930s. of WesternOntariostudying privateOntario Anne WarnerisaPhDstudent attheUniversity Dimock, H.S.andHendry Case, F.L.(n.d.). References returned home. first canoetripinOntariofortenyears.Ihave fall intoadeepsleep.Iam28,anditismy my cabinmatesintheKipawaKingdomand I closemyeyeslikedid14yearsagoamongst mud, andourhour-longsearchforacampsite. portages, dragsthroughbeaverdamsand York: AssociationPress. experiment incharactereducation Camping andcharacter:Acamp 72-007/1/19. Ontario CampingAssociationFonds, 1906–1942. The storyofNorthwayLodge TrentUniversityArchives, , C.E.

(1929). . New

By MarkBlieske Kids inCanoes course, their own handmade . paddles. handmade own their course, of and canoes, tents, devices, floatation personal packs, boundary sets, kitchen with students the all outfit to equipment enough amassed has program the time, Over sessions. work after-school and hours lunch during constructed been have canoes strip cedar eight date, To construction. of aspects many in participating projects, building students havealsotackleddifferentcanoe menus, andsoon.Overtheyears, plan tents, up set backpack, a pack stoves, a seriesoflessons,theylearnhowtostart or laminatedbentshaftpaddle.Through required todesignandbuildahardwood is student Each begins. now work true The trip. canoe a on go to want really and all theduties,possessaterrificworkethic braved have who students 14 to 12 are there of thetunnelremain.ByendJanuary, end the at light the see can who those only rapidly assoontherealworkbegins,and of school.However,theattritionraterises out, havesomefun,andmissafewdays 75 potentialcandidates,alleagertocamp and 50 between draws usually September in club canoe the for sign-up initial The packs. and tents repairing such asrevarnishingcedarstripcanoesor equipment club repairing at work they well, As possible. as crafts camp and canoeing and absorbingasmuchinformationabout running thecanteen,attendingallmeetings, fundraising, volunteeringaroundtheschool, for responsible are They experience. unique this in participate to right the earn to need students year, Each outdoors. great the and canoeing for love a promote help to students school-aged high junior at extracurricular canoeingprogramsaimed developed have I duties, teaching regular my with Along years. 33 past the for Manitoba in Division School Selkirk Lord the for teacher Arts Industrial an been have I E ducation forCurriculum at our school takes a different approach. approach. different a takes school our at run program The food. communal with the studentsorhaveacommunalkitchen for cook organizations canoe/camp Most to exploreandlivenatureitsfullest. them encouraging behind, left are make-up NOT tobring.Allelectronics,watchesand list ofessentialitemsthatincludeswhat students areprovidedwithahighlyrefined use andcare.Withrespecttopersonalgear, successes inthefield,andencouragesproper greater ensures equipment functional efficient, have students that Guaranteeing and preparingforthenext trip. mistakes from learning skills, developing for correction inapracticalsetting. Thisisatime further to itself lends and learned have they what reinforces spot camp favourite a to paddle four-hour A mastery. of level acceptable an reach they until skills required in ashelteredarea,withstudentsrepeating practiced are Strokes environment. canoeing them thechancetogetacclimatized allowing bow, the in place their take rookies students startoutinthestern,while with PaddleCanadastandards.Veteran paddle andhandleacanoeinaccordance to how on instruction given are Students in Mayandis,essence,basictraining. known asthe“shakedown”trip,takesplace affectionately trips, three our of first The food choices. learn tobeflexibleand“smart”withtheir students process, the In pace. leisurely more usually lessrushedandcanbecookedata on thewater,driftingtogether.Suppersare lunch enjoy often we and breakfast, quick a meal. Somemorningsthegameplanrequires each for timeframes suggested as well as leaders, the by provided are menus Sample and conveniently,preparingallmeals. appropriately food packing food, purchasing group isresponsibleformealplanning, Each groups. food/kitchen three-person Students dividethemselvesintotwo-or

7 PATHWAYS Education forCurriculum 8 PATHWAYS The outdoor education program provides provides program education outdoor The community. in be to all, above and, worth self given be to accepted, be to respected, be to needs: same the have basically they a rangeofsocioeconomic backgrounds, from come students these though Even life. campsite on placed emphasis more with and shorter, — ones previous the than relaxed more much is trip The situation. controlled a work asateamandconductcanoetripin to abilities students’ the tests This leaders. set upcampwithminimalinputfromthe of thetrip,helpingtoplanrouteand ownership take students The self-sufficient. and independent be to expected are students survived. Throughoutthisfour-daytrip is therewardforveteranswhohave fall, the in place takes which trip, final The and eagertodoitagain. await that trials the through resilient are they bugs, cuts,breaksandsunstroke,persevere; when facedwithadversity,badweather, students, high junior that is years 30 last the over experience My days. more couple a for home get to unable and bound, wind are we that them inform and school the call try toextendtheouting,suggestingthatwe many close, a to draws trip the As abilities. their test to opportunity the relish kids the headwind; a against stretch 11-kilometre 4:00 amto“beatthewind,”orpaddlingan have fewcomplaintsaboutgettingupat we Surprisingly, respect. and teamwork effort dedicatedtoteachingresponsibility, communal a is trip The campfire. and tent, kitchen latrine, the including area, camp shared the maintaining and tents their up setting of charge in are they meals, own challenges. Inadditiontopreparingtheir from relativelyeasyliftstomoretechnical ranging portages, 20 to 15 of average an for portagingcanoesandequipmentover responsible are students trip, the Throughout nonetheless. challenging is it standards, most by difficult overly not While secret. canoeing best-kept Canada’s Ontario, northwestern June, isanine-day,150-kilometretrekin The secondtrip,whichtakesplacein spend timewiththeseteenagersinasimilar to were adults more If façade. high junior the have beenabletoseetherealpersonbehind I tolerance. my encouraged and motivation provided have bush the in learned lessons The classroom. the in students with dealing insight Ihaveemployedinapproachingand These excursionshaveprovidedmuchofthe adult. young confident a into teenager awkward moment whenastudentchangesfroman that to times, many witness, been have I many ways,whichbolsterstheirconfidence. so in zones comfort normal their outside challenged is student Each independence. for opportunities and building team this, aswellorganizationalskills, happened 30 years ago. The only negative negative only The ago. years 30 happened with incredibleclarityatime thatforsome on theirlives,butthatthey allremember effect profound a had experience the that or camping, and canoeing still is student former each because Not revelation. a be to out turned that study a was survey The alone. responses those on article an do could I trips. and club them theopportunitytoexperiencecanoe me, somemuchmorethanothers,forgiving thanked them of one every and Each surveys. personal lettersthatwereattachedtothe 43. Theunexpectedsidebenefitcameinthe and 13 of ages the between female, and male both were Respondents addresses. mailing number ofstudentsforwhomIcouldobtain the by limited was I although gender, and age of cross-section a sought I questionnaire the answer to “participants” the selecting In education havealastingimpactonstudents? outdoor Does question: this answering in me and Saskatchewan, of University the at designed toaidJoeMulligan,aresearcher was survey The trippers. canoe former my of The followingisaquestionnairegivento30 Outdoor EducationSurvey different viewofwhattheotherisabout. a have to come might groups both setting, 1. responses: The followingareexcerptsfromtheir leaders, andmanydo. Many evenaskediftheycouldcomebackas reasons. various for high junior in took they one the like trips canoe on go to able longer no were many that was received I response presently involvedin? What outdoorrecreationalactivitiesareyou • I havewhitewaterraftedandscuba mountains. Canadian to compared small quite are these although of Scotland’stallest“mountains,” went onsomeintensehikesup ten monthsin2004.Whilethere,I for Europe through backpacked and hike to like also I year. a times of going camping(inatent)couple enjoy I months summer the In 2. How did the canoeing experience with the the with experience canoeing the did How your continuedinvolvementintheoutdoors? influence program education outdoor school • • (Female, 24). Park. National Mt. Riding in biking mountain up taken recently have and snowshoe snowboard, softball, house, camp,playsoccer,golfand for funontherivernearmyparents’ canoe still I recreation outdoor For 23). (Female, games. outdoor of charge in leader camp a also am I future. the in both with involved more becoming at dived inthepastyearandIamlooking activities. Infact,myfathermadethe outdoor in involved very been hadn’t “outdoorsy” person.UntilthenI It definitelymademeamore Education forCurriculum

9 PATHWAYS 10 PATHWAYS Education forCurriculum 3. because of the overall canoeing experience? experience? canoeing overall the of because What importantlifeskillsdidyoudevelop • • • a year-long commitment. Another Another commitment. year-long a required all . . go. to allowed be to up grades our keep to had and mine), made ourownpaddles(I still have fundraised, attendedmeetings allyear, we SJH At go. to able be to working about goingonthetrip,it was about just wasn’t club canoe in being mind adolescent. It’simportanttokeepin an for wonders do can meals own your cooking just or tent, a up set a lake,figuringoutthebestplaceto across canoe a paddling like things mundane Seemingly myself. of unsure was I . . . old years 14/15 was I When day. (Male,24). that come to adventures the to forward looking face your on smile a with up wake can you overnight, warm keep to of socks,andnumerousshirtsonjust pairs multiple toque, a with slept you a triumphtorealizethateventhough air feelsogoodtobreathein.Itisalso lake thatjustmakesthecrisp,clean the on ice of sheet thin a and temps freezing to morning the in up waking outdoors. Thereissomethingabout the of love my affirm me helping involvement withtheoutdoorsby School influencedmycontinued Lockport with experience canoeing My eyes totheoutdoors.(Male,43). my opened It old. years 16 was I since ever boat and/or canoe a owned have had ahugepositiveinfluenceonme. I it own; my on out camping experience That canoetripwasmyfirstreal the enjoymentofthem.(Female,23). and activity physical of kinds different appreciate to me helped It outdoors. things different and new try me made has it that think I home. come to want didn’t I it, make I did only Not call. phone early an expecting was he and wilderness, the in days eight those through last even wouldn’t I that joke 4. this experience?How? Do youthinkareabetterpersonbecauseof . . . these are all life skills that I that skills life all are these . . . • [ • • work withandrespectoneanother. to how learn quickly to crucial was it etc., values, experiences, expectations, coming withcompletelydifferent everyone With part. significant most the definitely was trip the of aspect are widespreadlessons.Thesocial these assuming I’m and list to many canoe trips,howevertherearetoo developed duringthecourseof cooking, entertainingourselves packing upeverydayandsettingcamp, accomplishments. (Male,27). own my and teachers, my classmates, definitely developedrespectformy I well. me served has that lesson I won’t go as far as saying I’m a better better a I’m saying as far as go won’t I affected mylifeinonlypositive ways. today, butIcandefinitely guaranteeit am I who about that and this changed years andsaythatthosetwo trips It’s really hard to look back six or seven life. (Male,40). of aspects other in effectiveness affects knowledge andawarenesspositively fast paced,intenseschedule,etc.This tech, high — life modern for balance a sets outdoors) week a for canoe a in journey self-propelled (a experience the rules,they’realreadymade).The make don’t you — canoeing when means toworkwithnature(have it what and environment the and nature for appreciation Lasting Yes. same time!(Female,23). the at it enjoy mention, to Not another. one with ground common find and push everythingaboutourselvesaside to test unspoken an was It progressed. trip the as easier came but times at so onandforthwasachallenge understanding, patient, being group, the of benefit the for looking always was inpairsorasanentiregroup)and it (whether member team a as Working S]urvival skills, canoeing lessons, lessons, canoeing skills, S]urvival

6. 5. provided bytheteachersand volunteers? the ‘overall’canoeingexperience thatwas during mentoring the was important How most? the mind your in out sticks moment one what experience, trip canoe the on back Thinking • • smell thepine!(Female,28). — sorelaxing,talkaboutstoppingto along float and together tie we where for songs—greatmatch!Lakelunches requests made and singing my enjoyed who had I that partner paddling one singing, thesongs!Icanremember I refusetominimizeone!The every yearfollowing.(Male,25). would dothesamethingnextyearand something importantandthatothers . ItmademefeellikeIwaspartof and pushinguntilthejobwasdone. whined orgaveup;weallkeptpushing hours. WhatIrememberisthatnoone continue thisexerciseforthenextthree to stopandreturnthebottom while wecarriedourcanoesuponly with hissawhackingandslashingtrees winter’s snowload.Markledtheway hundreds ofsaplingsbentbythepast was thetrailhadbecomeblockedby to theotherside.Ourmajorchallenge canoes andpaddlesonlytodescend three hoursgoingupahillwithpacks, together andspendapproximately It requiredtheentireteamtocome to undertakealongoneofthelakes. return toisaportagethatwehad The momentthatIalwaysseemto the extentoftheirimpact.(Female,22). shows face my on smile a with today times those about think still I That to possiblyexpresstheiraffectonme. there is no way in the English language and end the in up add that memories little the all It’s irreplaceable! is trips both on everyone with spent time The is nowayofknowingthealternative. person forthesimplereasonthatthere 7. experience thatIhavenotasked? What wouldyouliketotellmeaboutyour • • days. . . The trip was by far one of the the of one far by was trip The . . days. • • adult (is what I remember), not like like not remember), I what (is adult environment. Beingtreatedlikean school normal a in this replicate easily Can’t adults. like on counted and like treated be to kids high junior for experience new a was It adults. few a with interdependent being and home from away stay extended an for environment adult contemplative a were ingredients required The 18). in, andcontinuetoreflecton. same mentalspacethatIhavearrived the in arrived have not may I guidance without theteachers’andvolunteers’ and reflecting, self of lot a did I where time a were trips canoe the me, For were involved. (Female,22). that teachers the with bond same the upon stumbled have would I way no not hadthisopportunityand thereis would neverhavefeltasunique hadI widespread. Myjuniorhigh experience not are Blieske’s Mr. as such programs why wonder still I and years school my throughout had have I experiences best Wow, Icouldreallygoonfor (Male, 27). opportunities. same the have will they hope dearly I kids have I When and thatmoreprogramslikeitflourish. continues it that hope sincere my It’s high. junior of memories best our some provided club canoe that university) and school high (through followed that years the in recall do I but now, them of many very with touch in not I’m classmates. my and me on had it influence the and was program that special how realize I more the later), The moreIthinkaboutitnow(15years once wegotbacktoschool.(Male,40). that wecouldn’tgobackonorbetray also createdarespectfortheteachers a studentorkid,wasfascinating.It Education forCurriculum

(Female, (Female, 11 PATHWAYS 12 PATHWAYS Education forCurriculum • a competentleader.(Male,36). of hands safe the in all spiritually and grow somuchphysically,emotionally, of experiencethatcanallowachildto type this for replacement no of know I orphaned, being of Short forward. to bestrong,andgrowmove ask forustostandup,bescared, and protection familiar our of much away strip wilderness, the involving these, as such Trips company. parents’ in theroleofachildwhenour always are we for trip, canoe family a on accomplished be never could This world. this in ourselves measure truly urban womb,wehaveopportunityto Away fromthefamiliarcomfortsof part ofthecanoetripexperience. as students with canoes and paddles making in canoeing and woodworking for love his combine to able is Mark Graphics. and Metals Woods, in level high junior the at years 33 for teaching been has He Manitoba. Lockport, in School Lockport at teacher Arts Industrial an is Blieske Mark canoeing afreshandnewexperienceforme. continuing tosurpriseme,andforkeeping such memories.Ithankmycanoetrippersfor own to opportunity the for me thanked one may nothavechangedtheirlives,buteach their juniorhighyears.Outdooreducation most, outdooreducationwasabrightspotin For life. person’s young a in time tumultuous The juniorhighyearsare,atbest,a and re-integratingpeople and nature. water, anditsutilityforreconnecting moving in boat” “open an paddling of experience the exploring and celebrating in interested am I canoeist, whitewater a As Focusing ontheRiver deep downweareofthewild. somewhere that us reminding by nature to ourselves and students our reconnecting for whitewater canoeingcanbeapowerfultool worse. Whenusedmindfullybyinstructors, by itselementalenergy,forbetteror influenced intimately are we whitewater natural flowsofariver.Whilepaddling opportunities forplayinthepowerful, into thepresentmoment,creatingvisceral us propels Paddling experience. bodily people oftheirplaceinnaturethrough whitewater canoehasthepotentialtoremind a in time spending experience, my In beings. playful and wild as themselves, and nature, with re-connect people help can river whitewater a canoeing of experience the how about ideas some share I paper, this In others. with places wild in playing of out career environmental educator,Ihavemadea nature relationships.Asanoutdoorand wild placesastheculpritoferodinghuman– points tothelossofunstructuredplayin kindling oftheflesh.”RichardLouv(2005) participatory prickling, tingling, a but mind, the of recollection a “not as described wildness, essential our forgotten have we Deep ecologistJohnLivingston(1993)says “disembedded” fromourplaceinnature. become have we words, (1994) humans andnature.InRaymondRogers’ between disconnection the to refer often By FionaHough and Reconnection Returning toWildness: OfWhitewaterCanoeing I amconcerned, specifically,withthe Environmental philosophers and educators educators and philosophers Environmental whitewater andIhadaspecialaffinity. This articleisdedicatedtoClareMagee,whowasthefirstpointoutthatcanoes, E ducation forEnvironment eddies, surfing waves, and moving in concert concert in moving and waves, surfing eddies, In thepureflowofcareening inandoutof place. and time present the into me propels myself, for it enjoying or water, moving down aspring-floodedriver. Teachingon engagement thatcomesfrom adaypaddle visceral the for and play, for vehicle a as canoe the see I play-boating. solo of world the discovered later and leader, trip canoe a as worked I Initially, life. my in pull strong a exerted have whitewater and Canoes The Put-In eddies. and waves and workinginharmonywithcurrents, reconnection, bycontrast,liesinlistening fought orovercome.Thepotentialfor natural forcesassomethingtobeconquered, see to tendency the of mindful be must we of whitewaterpaddling.Asinstructors, byproducts certain not are however, nature, forces. Reconnectionandre-integrationwith natural to connection and in presence of sense a learners other and students in immediacy oftheriver,andcaninspire and power the of reminder powerful a and byextension,onyou.Thiscanbe feeling theriver’sforcesactonyourboat, transformative powerof being in whitewater, 13 PATHWAYS 14 PATHWAYS Education forEnvironment rather thanan oppositionalforce. us, of part is river the that such act we when and immediateallies.The bestresultsoccur it, smallwavesandeddylines becomedirect overpower to attempt than rather river, the with work and to listen to learn we When challenges theypresenttostudents. the and river the to approach their in both and instinct.Instructorsneedtomodelthis intention ease, and effort between line the paddle must instructors) (and students river, the to connection and awareness an experiences. Todiscoverflowandtherefore into the“deepend,”resultinginnegative river. Toooften,newcanoeistsarethrown being challenged,notpummelled,bythe students toarriveataplacewheretheyare help to is instructors as role Our 1990). (Czikszentmihalyi, environment” the with “union of sense a inspiring nature, from separation humans’ negating of effect the have can experience flow the struck, is in.” Whenabalanceofchallengeandskill engaged being is what from separate as oneself of aware being stops “one flow, in thepresent(Czikszmenthalyi,1990).In a person’sstateofbeingthatiscompletely complex physicalexperiences.Itdescribes with peopleparticipatinginchallengingand associated often is experience “flow” The to mystudents. on opportunities these pass to responsibility the and opportunity the have I believe I instructor, an As it. by influenced intimately world, natural the of part be to means it my owninnatewildness.Ire-learnwhat remember and reconnect I river, the with Petawawa River for well over 30 minutes. minutes. 30 over well for River Petawawa moving upstreamonaclassIIrapidthe A yearago,IwatchedaMerganserchick Getting Connected on technical details can overwhelm and and overwhelm can details technical on fear, anxietyordiscomfort. Anoveremphasis with gripped be can water moving cold of challenges the with familiar not paddlers New automatically. happens necessarily that something not is it though reconnect, us help to potential the has canoeing Whitewater world aroundus. the from and other each from separated become have we result a as However, conditions. biospheric most with contact pressed toemergeunscathedfromdirect hard be would bodies finless featherless, furless, thin-skinned, our as necessity of out been has this Perhaps concrete. and cloth of layers within and screens, and lenses behind from others, with communication our and world, the negotiate We markers. trail and signs road sidewalks, paths, on rely we unmarked; and wild things all from us Even whilewalking,weseeklayerstobuffer vehicles. in around move and containers, in in tunewiththeelements.Manyofuslive moving and with directly interacting birds, or fish as nature with closely as existed have humans since time long a been has It hull foradown-paddedunderbelly. canoe’s the feet, webbed for in stands paddle Our currents. catching or pools, eddy the Merganser, floatingdownstream,harnessing the of experience the to get we as close as perhaps is whitewater paddle to Learning of that can experience flow and connection connection and flow experience can that of because and competent,” “unconsciously am I paddler advanced an as that argue “parts” ofwhitewaterpaddling. Somemight technical the learning days spent have I describes. Livingston that flesh” the “tingling, prickling,participatorykindlingof the experience to begin and matrix whole” to embracethe“whole”in“whole–part– shed thisneedtobetechnicalthatwestart we after only is It interactions. river–canoe in play at forces the to in tune to beginners of capacity intuitive the recognizing are whitewater canoeinstruction,asinstructors parts. Thispracticeisstartingtoshiftin specific technically into down it break to need we entirety, its in skill a perform to Sports instructionapproachesdictatethat thing whileteachingpaddlingskills. same the do often We parts. the of favour disconnection. Thewholeismissedin our for reason a as components their human tendencytoreducethings Evernden (1993)alsopointstothe Going BeyondWhole–Part–Whole effect? better to “felt” been have could river the how students harmonious ferrydemonstrationandaskour moments whenweemergefromalessthan there Are students? with this discuss and have ourmoments),areweabletoidentify against it?Ifthelatter(inevitablyweall in co-operationwiththeflow,orfight paddle we Do river. the with interactions their model they way the of aware be must To thisend,whitewatercanoeinginstructors for theriver. “feel” intuitive an with skills technical and play, and immersion with comfort physical excitement, with security balances that way then istointroducestudentstheriverina job instructor’s the of Part uncomfortable. and inhospitable harsh, as it of perception our with do to something has nature from disconnection our that position (1993) some peopleoff,reinforcingEvernden’s turning of effect the have can experience resulting The teacher. as function to river the for space no leaving many, frustrate momentum. As Livingston (1993) would would (1993) Livingston As momentum. and angles about instruction complex than teacher better much a be can happens,” what “seeing of purpose the for simply in, play to wave splashy powerful, a Finding river. the of understanding bodily a foster to rapids in and encouragestudentstoswimplay this, of value the understand instructors the rivertodosomeofteaching.Many river feature.Weoverlookopportunitiesfor on thetechnicalspecificsofeachstrokeand teaching our focusing by disservice a novices whitewater do we when times are there such, As roll. timely or plan perfect stroke, placed my butt—moreoftenthanaprecisely saved and — success in resulted has which the importanceofattendingtomyintuition, learned have I practice of years my in that saying by counter would I river. the with on andinthe riverisimperative,sothat environment. Playandexperimentation non-terrifying but challenging, a in experience direct for allows that environment learning a foster must Instructors discovered. relationship totheriverthat hasyettobe and rationalism,noviceshavetheirown technology of layers the underneath Somewhere river. the with relationship early onthattheyhaveaninnatephysical possible tocreatesituationsforthemlearn is It play. for opportunities presenting by accessed easily but overlooked, often is that “feel” to capacity a have paddlers New wave intheriver. nuances offlow,andsizeshapeeach river, intimatelyinformedbythedirection, the of part become have I paddle. and water boat, body, between separation the of aware longer no am I next. do to what me tells that years ofpracticeandtechnicaldevelopment, and byextensiononmybody,not canoe the upon acting river the is It itself. river the to in tune can I tilt, boat of degree or the technicalcorrectnessofastroke,anangle beyond forces to myself surrender I When was one sometime, memory, of clouds shifting the beyond far and deep “somewhere, framed, beingontheriverremindsusthat Properly forgotten. long been has that wild argue, wehaveaninnateconnectiontobeing wild” (Livingston, 1993). Education forEnvironment 15 PATHWAYS 16 PATHWAYS Education forEnvironment nature, of faith, of having, in a metaphorical metaphorical a in having, of faith, of nature, teach ustheruleofnon-interferencewith can gifts. innate and limitations my know and trust to me invited courage, andtheabilitytocommit, lack ofattention,rewardedmeforhumility, a and arrogance for me punished have Rivers generally kickourbuttsifwetry. that wecannotcontrolnature.Infact,itwill contemporary ecologicalproblems—is roots believe many that one and — learned have I lessons important most the of One play. at adult an importantly, most perhaps and student, instructor, being: of states Rivers haveenabledmetoengagemany mind, spiritandemotionsconcurrently. intense andvisceralplay,engagingmybody, of source a been has canoeing Whitewater has informedmanyaspectsofmylife. that rivers and canoes with relationship Over thepast20years,Ihaveformeda Conclusion current. the into entering by home arrived having belonging, andtheoverwhelmingcalmof can feelasenseofconnection,feeling students paddler, expert an be to needing understanding andrelationship.Without river own their develop can students References don’t resisttheriver. and wobble canoe the Let hips.” “loose sense, Columbia’s FacultyofEducation. British of University the at degree master’s a on working currently is She canoes. in rivers in playing years many spent has Hough Fiona Livingston, J.(1993). Evernden, N.(1993). I.S. & M. Csikszentmihalyi, Rogers, R.(1994). Louv, R.(2005). Toronto: KeyPorterBooks. domestication. human of exploration University ofTorontoPress. Humankind andenvironment. Publishing Inc. Education. J.C. &Priest,S.(Eds.) and theflowexperience Csikszentmihalyi (1990).Adventure Books. modernity. Chapel Hill. of Books Algonquin NC: Hill, Chapel

The last child in the woods. woods. the in child last The Montreal: Black Rose Rose Black Montreal: State College, PA: Venture Venture PA: College, State Nature andthecrisisof Rogue primate:An Natural alien: Adventure . Miles, Miles, Toronto: Toronto: By PhilipMullins On SkillandEnvironmental(Re)connections river environment. Neither“thin-skinned” developed through paddling in a highly active abilities andcompetencies arebroughttoand for “failuretopayattention.” Intuitive to be“intune”withariver thatpunishes perspective resonateswith Hough’sneed Ingold calledan relationship withtheriver,butthroughwhat important waysof“finetuning”one’s practice andplayfulexperimentationremain dialogue withone’ssurroundings.Technical one developsabilitiestoperceiveandactin process ofenvironmentalengagementwhere Ingold’s (2000)understandingof of human–natureseparation,Istartwith As analternativetothecontentiousidea example, enablewhitewatercanoeing. tech paddles,PFDs,boatsandcars,for recreationists andtheirsurroundings.High- how theyshaperelationsamongandbetween of technologyseverelylimitsunderstanding ecology (Cronon,1996).Also,generalizingills as responsibilitiesforone’sowneveryday their livelyactivitiesandhistories),aswell (borne notofaprimordialnature,but their ongoingenvironmentalinteractions and ruralcommunitymembers)whograsp They ignorepeople(e.g.,someIndigenous better inhabitenvironments(Cronon,1996). addressing howpeopleactuallyandmight Romantic argumentsofre-connectionavoid and body(Cronon,1996;Martin,2004). division betweencultureandnature,mind white Westernperspectivethatpresumesa as fish”arguesfromadominanturban humans haveexistedascloselywithnature has been.afewevolutionarycyclessince For example,theparagraphbeginning“it separation. problematic assumptionsofahuman–nature conceptual basis,however,seemstiedto (McCarthy, 2002;Mullins,2009).Hough’s sensual interactionswithenvironments skill cultivatesembodiedknowledgethrough Hough’s articleaddstoworksarguingthat connections tonatureisdebated.Fiona The roleofadventureskillsinshaping nor “unscathed,” paddlerscometoembody A Response toReturningWilderness education ofattention enskilment . This , a contemporary environmentsandissues. on andimproveone’srolesinvarious participants. Italsoopensavenuestoreflect evoking deeplyfamiliarrealitiesfor explanations ofoutdooradventurewhile Embodied engagementchallengestraditional lifetime ratherthanasingleprogram. suggests aneedtothinklongterm,overone’s Valuing theprimacyofembodiedknowledge feel “athome”intheriverenvironment. hips.” Overtime,participantsmaycometo sensitive hearing,strongbacksand“loose their relationshipswithrivers:theydevelop understanding place. current research centersoncanoeingasaway of based environmentaleducation programs.His has workedinternationallyfacilitating field- University ofNorthernBritish Columbiaand Recreation andTourismManagement atthe Phil MullinsisalecturerinOutdoor Mullins, P.M.(2009).Livingstoriesofthe McCarthy, J. (2002). A theory of place in North Martin, D.M.(2004).Apartheidinthegreat Ingold, T.(2000). Cronon, W.(1996).Thetroublewith References Tourism Geographies through canoeinginCanada’snorth. landscape: Perceptionofplace & Geography, American mountaineering. Leisure Research outdoor leisureidentity. and thereproductionofaracialized outdoors: Americanadvertising Routledge. dwelling andskill environment: Essaysinlivelihood, 1(1), 7–55. wrong nature. wilderness: Or,gettingbacktothe The perceptionofthe 5(2), 179–194. Environmental History , 36(1),513–535. . NewYork: , 11(2),233–255. Journal of Philosophy , 17 PATHWAYS 18 PATHWAYS E ducation forWell-Being By PhilDannenmann(withKaarenDannenmann) Canoe Tripping As awhiteman growingupinAmerica at early morning. the in river a over mist wispy the as elusive as often are answers the but questions, these of some with terms own my to come to able might reallyright?Asanadult, Ihavebeen land? their all lose to articulate. How didAboriginalPeoplecome easily not could I that colonization and appropriation occupation, territory, questions regardinghistoricjustice,place, observing suchconflicts,andhadlingering places. particular in practices their ancestralrightstocertainharvesting I understoodthattheyweredefending accusations atlocalfirstpeoplefishermen, vicious screamed headlines newspaper the perspective. historic their from events consider to learned and Anishinabe local land. this on originally were me toknowandrespectthepeoplewho land. adopted our love to me taught who grandparents months withmygrandparentsandgreat- many spent I Milwaukee, of city the in raised was I Although US. Wisconsin, rural in home found and fascism Nazi escape to Germany left great-grandparents 1930s. Bothsetsofmygrandparentsand the in Europe from emigrated family My Becoming Aware ofMyPrivilege cultural appropriationunrecognizable. and howthatprocess,inturn,canmake this landhavebeenmadetoseeminvisible of people original the which by process the of experiences my share to want I because project writing this undertaken have I teachers. my been also have protocol basic this learned have who Anishinaapek. the — is the Landandthosewhosetraditionalit both acknowledging by spoken, or written thoughts, my begin to reside, now I where Namekosipiink andWanamanisaa’ikaniink, of teachers the from learned have I

More importantly, they taught taught they importantly, More

How was this fair? this was How

The women and men men and women The

I met many many met I

I grew up up grew I

While While

Is Is awareness tookmebacktothequestionsof This experiences. same the without lives daily their through go colour skin white I havewatchedmyfriendsofother-than- privileges; all were these that learn to come have I 1990). (McIntosh, race” my to credit challenging situationsIwasnevercalled“a in well did I When bus. a on sat I where with concerned be to have not did I churches. or theatres restaurants, certain entering about questioned never was I skin, my of unearned. are which of number great a privileges, many had have I power, imperialist its of height the land and knowledge, the knowledge of of knowledge the knowledge, and land designs. paddle newest the and materials, latest the manufacturers, the about commonly invisible. made activity, thathistoryisinvisible; ithasbeen canoe popular contemporary of terms first designed,builtandusedthem. In who about talk or think to consciousness their in be to not seems It canoe. the of for me,donotacknowledgetheorigins trip canoe a outfitted have that places the or canoes, rented or bought have I where I amdisquietedbythefactthatplaces but often, it use I and canoe, a own still I With Awareness CameResponsibility people currentlydonothave. a canoeisprivilegethatmanyAboriginal using and having that however, concerned, times. cherished these during renewal spiritual my to vehicle a become has canoe The routines. weekly my become have what of rush and noise the from far alone, enables metogoplaceswhereIcanbe check atrap,orpickcampsite. Thecanoe or set listen, or look to want I whenever stop and glide can I where motion, quiet rivers. Wisconsin northern on travel of mode my activities, been apartofmyhuntingandtrapping have They canoes. used have I life my All my earlychildhoodandyouth.

Like so much of Aboriginal Aboriginal of much so Like

Today, canoe talk is more more is talk canoe Today,

I love the smooth and and smooth the love I

Because of the colour colour the of Because

I am am I just appropriated the whole project. project. whole the appropriated just having of position the in myself find then and expert the loudly, myself, make process the in and excited extremely get knowledge, precious that internalize and learn to me for building. canoe stayed inthebackgroundofbirchbark I reason, this For crafts. these of use and construction the in skilled superbly were and perfected founded, who those as women and craftsmen Haida the or Haudenosaunee, the Anishinaabek, the of acknowledgement the prioritize that events and practices discourses, the with concerned more am I techniques, building and materials designs, original the about learning in interested very am I While developed. had ancestors their that knowledge and skills the of some communities ofAnishinaabepeoplere-learn bark canoes. Iwasabletowatchtwosmall birch two of construction the in peripherally, involved, been have to privileged am I property toitsrightfulowners? intellectual of return the in participate I can how importantly, More back? give to begin individual, an as I, can How myself, ask benefited. have too, I, which from appropriation an appropriated, been has construction and design canoe traditional

It would have been too easy easy too been have would It

I often often I and yet, and were, it as living or paddling on keep just and ignorance blissful in remain to easiest For somecanoeists,Isuspect, itwouldbe which wearewillingtogive theseup. to extent the and privileges our identify we that and live, we how and where about to dobecauseitdemandsthatwethink it. of part a is years 517 last the in continent this of colonization and occupation American North of history violent the involved. people those about and from came canoe the where integrate intocanoeprogramslessonsabout to and teachers, Aboriginal our and Land the turn, every at acknowledge, to have we canoe isextremelyimportant.Itmeansthat case, then,acknowledgingtheoriginof this In key. is acknowledgement that been of appropriation,theanswerhasinvariably line that crossing not of aspect important most the is what people Aboriginal asked have I When teachers. my from knowledge that appropriating without understanding to knowhowacquireinformationand experience learning life-long a is it me, For Taking ontheResponsibility

This is an extremely difficult thing thing difficult extremely an is This

I think that we have an obligation obligation an have we that think I

Acknowledging Acknowledging Education forWell-Being

19 PATHWAYS 20 PATHWAYS Education forWell-Being of RedLake, Ontario. all Stevens, Mackenzie James and Vermette Dodic, AntonPatrick AunaKaaren Maria Sarah Stevens-Campeau, Shayne of TroutLake,Ontario;our grandchildren: Dannenmann, Kaaren wife, my Ontario; Lake, Red of Imbeault, Ed Ontario; Lake, mother-in-law, Tetipayaanimanook,ofTrout Angeconeb, ofTroutLake,Ontario;my Angeconeb, ofTroutLake,Ontario;Charlie Josie Ontario; Lake, Red of Keesic Samuel Joseph Ontario; Lake, Red of Perrault, of Pikangikum,Ontario;thelateJimmie Paishk Peter Ontario; Narrows, Grassy of Jr. Keewatin Andrew Ontario; Lake, Trout Okimaawikaapow (HaraldEinarOlsen),of late the land: the on time much so spent have of myAnishinaapeteachers,withwhomI some acknowledge to want I conclusion, In favourite oldNovaCraftcanoe. our in lake the across grandchildren the provincial park,and,ofcourse,whenItake a visit I when traveller, canoe fellow a meet musings. my articulate to beginning only am I choosing totake. am I route the is it but by, come to hard be may solutions easy that and beginning just are discussions these that recognize to beacknowledgedandhonoured. I ask but alwaysfruitful.Iamlearningto process, painful often and complex a is privilege my Identifying life. my all equalize theprivilegesthatIhavehad relations. It isanongoingeffortto respectful nurturing involves this me, for and, forward step one is technicians and designers original the Honouring course forstudentsofallages? education outdoor an of part major a effort toanswerthesequestionsbecome consciousness? our of part natural a are reconciliation and fairness justice, that so paddle even and act think, differently? How couldwebeginto different? be terms. How mightourconversations obligation wouldmeantousineveryday way. to lookatthisquestioninaveryserious

Aboriginal people how they might might they how people Aboriginal

We have to look at what this this what at look to have We

But I ponder all this whenever I whenever this all ponder I But

How would we behave behave we would How

How can the the can How life attheexpense ofOthers. benefited from livingonAnishinaapeland all his and takerwantstogiveback forhowhehas privilege, heconsidershimself arecoveringuser little ones. Amanwhoquestionshiswhite skin Phil Dannenmannisagrandfather tofiveprecious privilege: White (1990) P. McIntosh, References Toronto, Ontario. in University York of both Khayatt, Didi close friends:Dr.CeliaHaig-Brownand become have who and discussions valuable many had have I whom with world academic the from people acknowledge also to have I Manitoba. Winnipeg, of Martens, Lisa and Schaaf Matt trips: conversations withmeduringourcanoe deep in hours spent have and rights worker friendswhosupportAnishinaape I alsowanttoacknowledgesomepeace- Independent School knapsack. invisible the Unpacking , 49(3),31–36. by JamesRaffan Pulling Together declaration, in EnglishandOjibway,by Keith National Canoe Daywasofficiallycreated ina Canoe Museumandnowin itsthirdyear. net) initiative,sponsoredby theCanadian National CanoeDay{www.nationalcanoeday. Nowhere isthismorevisible thaninthe cultural connector. aboriginal people.Thecanoe communication betweenaboriginalandnon- to buildrelationshipsandbridgegapsin as examplesofcanoejourneysbeingused Pulling Together(www.pullingtogether.ca) news/events/rendezvous) orcanoeprogram called BorealRendezvous(www.cpaws.org/ look toaremarkableseriesofrivertrips a naturalpartofourconsciousness,could indicative ofeffortstomakereconciliation paddling theOlympictorchin“canoes”is of arichculturalmixproudCanadians Those skepticalthattherecentinstance created sinceconquest. heal theriftthattimeandcircumstancehave non-aboriginal peoplesinCanadamighthelp connection tothecanoebyaboriginaland concern thanexploringhowcommon what fromwhomseemsafarlesssignificant far fromasurething.Whohasappropriated were thefirsttodesignandbuildcanoesis suggest thatNorthAmericanaboriginals Siberia andthroughoutthePacificRim,to Cuba, Patagonia,NewZealand,Polynesia, canoe. ButwithcanoeculturesinAfrica, the placeofnaturalconnection,issurely people representedbytheother.Theoverlap, represented byonecircleandnon-aboriginal mind aVenndiagramwithaboriginalpeople canoes, appropriationandprivilegebringsto This impassionedjumbleofsensibilitiesabout A Cultures Aboriginal ResponsetoCanoeTripping Cultures Non-Aboriginal is alivingcross- which beganasfollows: Knott, ChiefoftheCurveLakeFirstNation, writer, speaker andconsultant. .Heisalsoafull-time Dr. JamesRaffanistheExecutive Directorofthe equitable futureforall. in commonpurposetobuild aunitedand and non-aboriginalpeople backtogether vital andrelevanttobringing aboriginal us by part ofourpresent.Thechallengeraisedfor aboriginal than—itisasignificant past. Formany—sadly,perhaps,morenon- The canoehasbeenanintegralpartofour together andrightingoldwrongs. thus continuetheprocessofbringingcultures other convergencesofheartsandmindsto lead tootherdeclarationsinplacesand the spiritofChiefKnott’sdeclarationwill organizers andparticipants.Thehopeisthat initiative limitedonlybytheimaginationsof for June26 inspiration. NationalCanoeDay,setthisyear if potentexamplestowhichwecanturnfor conversation hasbegunandtherearesmall mentors andforebears,butthatkindof celebrate ourpaddlingandcanoebuilding Perhaps toooftenwedonothonourand our loveoftheland,animals, these visitorsourways,technologies, oceans; andwhereaswesharedwith and thosewhofollowedfromacrossthe Canada welcomed Samuel de Champlain ago theAboriginalPeoplesacross of thiscountry;andwhereas400years appropriate vehicleforaccessingmuch rivers, wherethecanoeisstillmost and whereasCanadaisanationof this rivervalleysincetimeimmemorial; Whereas theAnishinabeghavelivedin Peoples tothisnationcalledCanada. the foundingcontributionofAboriginal the visitorsandhasbecomeasymbolof ; andwhereasthecanoewasadoptedby Canada fromtheAboriginalPeoples. this vesselwasgivenfreelyasagiftto waters andtheair;.whereas

Phil Dannenmannistomakethecanoe th , isacitizen-driven,cross-country 21 PATHWAYS 22 PATHWAYS W ildwords By GregLowan Kanu Haiku few recentcreations. attempt tocapturetheseinhaiku.Herearea discrete, fleetingmoments.SometimesI adventures, Ioftenglimpseperfectionin During canoetripsandotheroutdoor welcomes [email protected] Instructor attheUniversityofCalgary.He Educational ContextsandanOutdoorCentre Greg Lowaniscurrentlyadoctoralstudentin This landrunningthroughmybones Honour yourFather’swisdom Hands turnpaddlebrown So proudthesetiredkids! Bonding withoutwords A deliciouswaytoend Singing mebackhome A vastandicyblanket Snow beneathmyfeet Surprise birthdayfête Temeaugama sunset Eagles soarabove Fav’rit redcanoe Kitchigami roars Superior surf . of our youths chose to begin training training begin to chose youths our of two progressed, development their As night. each partnerships of handful a with time spending by steps” “next offer and progress paddler’s each evaluate better to coaches the allowed presence their pointers, and tips with buddies their providing and safety on-water reinforcing to addition and experiencedlong-timepaddlers.In Club Canoe Rideau the of members all were volunteers The “buddy.” designated a with one-on-one paddle to week each out came who volunteers dedicated of group the was however, program, our of keystone The models. and makes of variety a experience could they so boat our paddlerswerefreetochoosetheir week Each kids. challenged physically our offered increasedstabilityandcomfortfor which “sit-on-tops” as such paddlers, novice for appropriate sprint and recreational purchase to able were we funds, grant generous With play. through learning thefundamentalsofpaddlingoften summer the of majority the spent We paddling. of hours two for weekly twice meet to syndrome, Asperger and palsy, cerebral syndrome, Down as such exceptionalities with 18, and 10 of ages the between paddlers seven together gathered coaches three of team our safety, boat and water encouraging and sport the to participants the introducing included that ambitions modest rather With . Canoe of sport the in participate to needs special with individuals recruiting at aimed (CKC) Canada Kayak Canoe of project a is program. Introducedin2006,PaddleALL PaddleALL the of year inaugural club’s the needs atOttawa’sRideauCanoeClubin special with children coach to opportunity the given was I summer Last Centre. Kayak and Canoe Harbourfront Toronto the at as well as Club, Kayak and Canoe Barrie the at Instructor Flatwater (ORCKA) and Canoeing Recreational Ontario an as worked have I summers seven past the For By Amanda Kijewski Patience andPersistenceinPaddling T ous NosVoyageurs became increasingly excited about. Yet there there Yet about. excited increasingly became he event an Championships, National the for preparation in skills paddling his developing me, with tirelessly worked smaller size.Throughoutthesummerhe and syndrome Down his from stemming challenges unique faced who boy year-old paddlers wasAlex(namechanged),aten- these of One kids. hard-working two enter and wewereextremelyexcitedtobeable included intheNationalChampionships summer thataPaddleALLracewastobe in Sherbrooke,Quebec.Itwasthefirst 2009 September for slated Championships National Kayak the for his trainingsessions.Atthesametime,it into activities fun incorporate to able been not team coaching the had paddling in interest lost easily have could Alex work. like more seem training the making by ran we risk the saw I skilled; quite becoming was he which at activity an and exciting and fun something was it because kayaking kept Alex that obvious was It confidence. paddling participants’ the build help to polo, kayak as such boats, the in games on-water played often we summer, the of half first the During fun.” “for paddling and time training between distinguishing was challenge pressing most Our increased trainingsessions. his of value the recognize always not did he Sherbrooke, at participate to excited Alex wasincrediblyself-motivatedand while Moreover, by. him pass kids older the watched or winds impeding against paddled he as me, with and himself with frustrated grew Alex that days many were 23 PATHWAYS 24 PATHWAYS Tous NosVoyageurs such asletting interest, Alex’s sustain to incentives we wouldoffer our arms;atothertimes resting and break a taking as simple as was it Sometimes frustrations. our of any hide to and patient be to careful always were I and team my Alex, for suitable was that program training a implement to strategies different and attempts many took it While “together.” this done had we happy participatory medal,Alextoldmehewasso his received he as Afterward, together. line finish the crossed we as celebration Alex triumphantlyraisedhispaddlein finish, last-place his of regardless and greatly improved had self-confidence His important. more far were that goals other athletes,buthehadreachedpersonal our as advanced as been not have may skills Alex’s summer, the of end the By day. race on him help would which skills, directional his reinforced game “it.” Inadditiontoencouragingspeed,the was who paddler the from away get to trying was game the of part favourite Alex’s water, orconversely,bybeingchased. the on volunteers the of one chasing by hardest his paddle to challenged was Alex course, race a to similar boundaries Using development. skill with fun married which game, tag-based a created we end, the In performance. which couldbedisconcertingandhinderhis Sherbooke, in arrived we when territory unfamiliar entering be not would Alex that so conditions race mimic to important was were excellent examples of the importance importance the of examples excellent were paddlers Our expectations. our surpassed program andthesuccessofourathletesfar the both rewarding: wonderfully was work our of outcome the end, the In agencies. granting the and volunteers the club, the of support the without did we what achieved have not could We resources. limited with so did we participants, the of needs the met that program a design to had we freedom the relished I and coaches other the While race. the for prepared he as times all at encouraged and supported feeling Alex left that patience consistent our was it however, end, the In boats. flooded our in self-rescue us watch would he as safety water of elements him taught also latter The boats. our in us tip or us splash him colonial East African Development efforts and and efforts Development African East colonial Her thesisresearchconcentratesonpost- University. Carleton at History of Department the in student Master’s a is Kijewski Amanda met everyoneoftheseandmore. they week, a twice water open and paddle boat, own their for exchange in paddlers: our for expectations high setting was made team our decision best the Perhaps water. minds toeverytimeweembarkedonthe their set they anything of capable were they that reminder constant a was resolve their success; to patience and dedication of women’s education.For more information on the the on information more PaddleALL program,you can visittheCanoe Kayak Canada Canada Kayak website at at website www.canoekayak. ca/pages/ eng/742 eng/742 By NilsOlofVikander Sea Canoeing: An Oxymoron? B eyond OurBorders dimension: in whitewater paddling, special special paddling, whitewater in dimension: when onenotesthatthereisanoverlapping small lakesandrivers.Themysterydeepens for canoes lakes, large and seas of waters big the for kayaks sea labour: of division orchestrated an be to appears what by absence? InparticularIhavebeenmystified their by conspicuous increasingly are canoes while everywhere, up popping been have kayaks that is it how wondered has who me just it Is waters. big the paddling in place taken have that changes the understand to tried have I years many For other archipelagotripsin seakayaks,they with these comparing fact, In kayak. river a using Sea Baltic the in trips kayak sea wonderful some had I scenario. Evernden the resembling collision marine first my had I here and most, the me intrigued always waters big the Paddling lifestyle. solitary my in sense made it and choice, of craft my became kayak the time, a For devotion. serious of start the signalled kayak a in paddling while canoe, a in years paddlingwassporadicbutalways early my In pattern. life my in deeply itself anchored has it that years 35 past the in only is it century, a half than more back stretches history paddling my Though Atlantic sayontheseissues? the of sides both on culture paddling the in What dopeoplewhomIknowandrespect Europe? northern and America North both from me, tell experiences personal my do What perplexities? these with deal to How water atsea? not deemedtobeablehandlechallenging is itthatthey(andwhitewaterkayaks)are why type, this of water handle can canoes If canoes. with coexist kayaks purpose-built inevitable (Evernden,1993,p.25). officially regardedasreal,conflict is is what and real as experiences one [W]hen agapappearsbetweenwhat 25 PATHWAYS 26 PATHWAYS Beyond OurBorders political ideology. meets experience Again, heretics! as us view to been have responses their occasion On us. of make to what know to seem don’t they but course, of Yes, kayakers? meeting about what And cottages. island by land, on sadly see, sometimes we canoes Old Baltic. the in couple German one and Bay, Georgian in few a Yes, persuasion? canoeing the of others met we Have design. archetypal this of genius the to testimony have serveduswithdistinction—deep they and materials, and shapes sizes, all always incanoes.Thecanoeshavebeen almost and Canada, in and countries Nordic the in both seas, and lakes large paddled have we 1994 Since journey. life solo my transcended Margarita my until waves Pacific the on dancing canoe of memories I waslargelyforcedtotuckawaysuch treasure hispoeticimageofthecanoe: to came kayaking, coast west in pioneer forceful a with communication in later, so farbeyondmyexpectationsthatI,years performed canoe The craft. two the compare to opportunity pedagogical consummate the with me provided vessels both paddling of process the Yet today. so more even and then, approach unusual highly a kayaks, and canoes in place took Strathcona at paddling Ocean program. Training Leadership Outdoor Canadian the as operating now Centre, Education Outdoor Strathcona the at program leadership outdoor the in summer memorable a during Island Vancouver of coast west the on In 1981theEverndeninsightsurfacedagain correctness. official confronted thus Experience kayaks. sea large the with achieve to difficult was that harmony joyful a waves the with moving made diminutiveness and shape were insomewaysmoresatisfying;the designs (Ruuska,1984,p.4). functional and beautiful create to used be forever will methods classic and built by the old masters and their designed were craft wooden graceful South ofthearctic,centuries formulated two questions: questions: two formulated for theirexpertiseonthetopicathand.I to fishouttheviewsofinformantsselected fashion anthropological in out net my cast To helpmakesenseoftheseperplexities,I The PanoramaofPaddlingPersonages deck, or whatever you call them — cottage cottage — them call you whatever or deck, for bigopenwaterand deckorsurface canoes over kayaks, sea and canoes light” “too Brian: Question 1 after eachtheme. follow interpretations and commentary My order. particular no in shown are and respondents the represent fairly to selected culture arepresentedbelow.Thequotes paddling the of individuals experienced these of hand at questions the on Reflections names here. fictitious given been have they privacy, and thepaddlingindustry.Toprotecttheir organizations outdoor of representatives and outdoors, the of practitioners pedagogical field, outdoor the in academics comprising sample, convenience a as drawn were Sweden and US the Canada, from paddlers experienced Twelve these years,andhowdoyouexplainthis? over been style) “Canadian” (open canoeing lake sea/big of status the has What years? 20 to ten past the over Europe northern kayaking developmentsinNorthAmerica/ vs. canoeing on perspectives your are What I’d saythegrowthinN.A.has beenin Canoe Federation’s website. the on canoe-paddling on information for vain in searches one Today . . . . today watercraft a as canoe the than position resulted inthekayakhaving afarstronger value” “market and — existed always have tradition —coursesforkayak-paddlers with together has in) basics the learn to easier kayak the makes rudder a with equipped often and paddle, double (the craft solo a as edge kayak’s the paddlers, canoe for courses of scarcity the — exceptions were there — canoes good of lack The . . . kayak sea the [of] . . . advantage the to diminished has craft tripping Brad: into seakayaktouring. moves family the or (kayaking) playboating into move youngsters the older, gets family the Once easy daytoursormoderateovernightlaketours. on clan their take to desire who families young to — sales canoe open Main . . . generation). white waterplayboat(especiallybyyounger the and rivers) easy and lakes inland on and water salt in (both kayak sea the by replaced being — death slow a dying be to seems Canada Arthur: things. different for looking people different attract growth ofcanoeing.Aswell,theytendto the inhibited has that growth experienced have sports [—seaandwhitewaterkayaking—] two these say I’d . . . . paddling of forms other than more way — exponentially grown has kayaking sea but growing, are all think would Ted: older crowd. the to adventure” “accessible as successfully sector ofthemarket.Ithascertainlybeensold athletic less the to appeal to seems it as years, ten past the over popularity in exploded has kayaking” “Sea . . . . organizations instructional of formalization increased designs, boat new with development, commercial some of focus the Both whitewaterandocean/touringhavebeen especially. kayaking . . . popularity in increased Frances: principles . travel good to counter this of much find I too. huge is boat play river the course Of all. at recreational playkayaksthatdonottravelwell They are so different and so separate. I separate. so and different so are They The interest today for the canoe as as canoe the for today interest The Open water canoeing in Western Western in canoeing water Open [B]oth kayakingandcanoeinghave

while recreational kayaks might be outselling outselling be might kayaks recreational while while kayakingisontherise.However US) the in (especially America North in Daniel: don’t goaway. rapids The days. windy out sit can you suppose I but really, complicated, less is it that doubt I so — ocean the in and lakes on problem huge a be can wind know I rivers. in nervous are who folks to appeals it think I . . . . kayaking sea in interest in growth parallel a been has there think I . . . . outlook gymnasium” as “river a of bit a of smallplayboatswouldaccountforthis.Plus be reflectedinpractice.Ithinkthattheadvent to seemed view that 1979 in arrived first I when and canoes open for suited most really are here rivers the think I kayaking. of revival a noticed Blake: in in steeped culture isso choice the watercraftof still is canoe the region Waters-Quetico-Superior Boundary the [i]n about anyonecangokayaking just contrast, In solo. a do to judgment good and skill of degree reasonable a or with, cooperate to willing are you who friend a need you canoeing go to up, it sum To proficiently. canoe solo a move to skill more lot a takes It something. do and kayak solo a into get can Anyone paddle. double-bladed the with combination in hull covered that about something be must It canoes? solo not and kayaks recreational Why people. many for choice of watercraft the kayaks makes individual, the on emphasis marketing increased of theroad day a within occur activities outdoor of share two tooneorless canoes expedition outselling be only might kayaks touring one, to nine canoes recreational . In my years here [in the Yukon], I have have I Yukon], the [in here years my In In short, canoeing is on the decline decline the on is canoeing short, In the the . .Thistrend,augmentedbythe . [T]oday . . Beyond OurBorders [B]ut the lion’s lion’s the ...... 27 PATHWAYS 28 PATHWAYS Beyond OurBorders (with sea kayaks even commonly venturing venturing commonly even kayaks sea (with paddling sea to relate only not does This Europe. northern in and America North in both volume, its in tsunami veritable a to likened is which kayak, the of rise the on agreement broad in is “jury” The Commentary going todo. are they what of image self their match closely even doesn’t paddling be should and may they water of difficulty the of perception public the hard timeinbreakingsurf.Thisisacasewhere a have and wind to susceptible more are Canoes ad? SUV an in rack the on canoe a saw you time in akayak.Kayakslooksexier.Whenisthelast solo go to easier much It’s boss. the be to wants Everyone rudders. have Seakayaks training. John: the lastthirdarekayaks. and makes, other or Town Old are them of third them areColemans,whichtotaljunk,one- of one-third plastic, all are rest The wooden! are them of 50 only maybe . . . Tobique” the on “Fiddles the for here canoes more or 800 the in onlytwoorthreeseasonsofuse.[Of] landfills in up end that canoes plastic inferior Barry: challenge mostkayaks. times Ihavesoloedinwavesthatwouldalso you shouldbeashorereadingabook rough, that is it If canoes. open for covers spray favour don’t I think! people than tougher lot a are They canoes. canvas wood open in always years, I havepaddledtheBCcoastfor40 . . . . books) touring stories(see kayak coastal extended in increase paddling; solo of popularity (alleged); level skill entry easy clothes; sexy and accessories expensive with complete sport edge “in”/yuppie/cutting Other factors: manufacturers. kayak of number increasing the has beendueinparttosubstantialpromotionby growth This canoers! coastal traditional us to puzzlement a been has interest kayaking in rise Bernard: kayak. a paddle to sacrilegious arguably is it Superior, Lake like lake a on are you unless that lore canoe Canoeing takes a fair amount more skill skill more amount fair a takes Canoeing The marketshavebeenfloodedwith For the past 20 years the phenomenal phenomenal the years 20 past the For

kayaking quicklybecomingan Kanawa magazineand . Many Many craft. However, big lake canoeing continues to to continues canoeing lake big However, craft. ocean as canoes use that west the in camps two or one of know I travel. ocean of terms in this kayaking), I’mnotsureifthereisverymuchof Frances: Question 2 promotion. kayak-style of lack a of spite in vessel still appearstoholditsownasatripping explanatory. However,thetandemcanoe as culture, postmodern of impatience the with conjunction in interests commercial by driven presumably factors, contextual of number a to points particular in Daniel also hadastrongimpactonriverpaddling. of newkayakforms,suchasplayboats,has development the rivers); easy and lakes on wonders inmaking seakayakingaglamorous, done have community kayak sea well-organized kayak sea windage) less to due (especially safer and almost dead—replacedbythe moreefficient Arthur: hull stability;difficultyofentryandegress. repetitive armmovement;misplacedconfidencein of boatsandequipment;discomfortcockpit/ cost high capacity; load limited kayak: the of Many longtimecanoeistscanarguethedemerits articles inpaddlingmagazinesandbooks “adventure” of growth 1805; of expedition trans-continental Clark and Lewis in interest US continued journeys; intertribal many with have rediscoveredtheirseafaringheritage. peoples native Coast West canoe; Voyageur the of interestinhistoryCanadianfurtradeand Bernard: faster. go and stable more much are they well, As rudder. the paddle aseakayakthancanoe,especiallywith to how learn to easier is it because is it think I Michael: use aseakayak,mostly. would sea the on or Superior Lake on out going Anyone canoeing. sea any do don’t we area my In . . . . all at canoeing lake big of speak don’t Ted: be partofthecampcanoetrippingculture. . Not so sure I understand this question. We We question. this understand I sure so Not Advertising and mass marketing by the the by marketing mass and Advertising Sea canoeingonourwestcoast is If youaretalkingaboutcanoeing(vs. Big water canoeing today: resurgence resurgence today: canoeing water Big Sea and big lake kayaking is growing. growing. is kayaking lake big and Sea

. according to mine and many others’ opinion opinion others’ many and mine to still is according and sea, at degree a to and lakes on used larger also is canoe the Today . . . . the setting for designed canoe-models used all beyond along theAtlanticcoastand ontheislands Brad: historically. waters these in kayaks used one no and there, paddled I before centuries many for areas both in used were canoes because and peoplethoughtIwascrazy.foundthisodd Keys, Florida and Everglades the of Coast Gulf open the in and Superior Lake on canoe decked and open both by traveled have I spraydecks. use Labrador, of coast the as such canoe, by coastlines wilder paddled have who mine of friends The reasons). of variety a for spraydecks like people all not (though . . . decks spray use and thosethatdocanoesuchshorestendto canoes, as kayaks sea many as least at seeing are Daniel: First Nationcanoemovementouthere. national standard.Therehasbeenalarge the as program RCABC the use to planning certification program.PaddleCanadais instructor canoe ocean an has that world the in of know I group only the is Columbia] British of Association Canoeing [Recreational for touristsinseacanoeing.TheRCABC trip custom occasional an do We canoeing. sea sell that any of know don’t I tours. wilderness than 100companiesdoingseakayakingguided more have we BC in Today popular. is what in develop Things . . . . groups canoe ocean night average ofsixtwo-tothree- likely a have we these of year; every us with camp canoe who kids 2,000 than more have doing seacanoeing.We John: throughout thesummer. canoeists open few very observe and groups) paddling novice/family for mecca (a world famousBrokenIslands live rightnextdoortothe We opportunities! canoeing sea offer who operators tour commercial no of know I yet!). teens the (not groups age most for activity safe very and fun

We have never stopped stopped never have We The natives by the Great Lakes and and Lakes Great the by natives The

Really big lakes, such as Lake Superior, Superior, Lake as such lakes, big Really

have created . . . . We have journeyed both on on both journeyed have We . . . . created have beings human craft adapted well most the vessels. More modern tripping canoes have have canoes tripping modern More vessels. style old to related be may Arthur) (i.e., canoes of problem windage voiced often the issue, stability the On paddling. Superior Lake to and done, canoeing sea of amount general the stability, to related especially controversy, considerable generated to thefirsttheme,secondquestion harmony response relative the to contrast In Commentary a rarespecies. are we but ocean, the on out go do canoeists other undertaking suchtrips.Iknowthatsome canoeists other any across come never have we trips, those all In Island. Vancouver of Coast West the to trips of couple a plus south, the to Hope IslandtothenorthandQuadra the GulfIslandsandmostofwatersbetween with avarietyofcompanions,havepaddledall . OverthepasttenyearsorsomywifeandI, [I]t isnotacommonformofcanoeing . . . level. for abouttenyears,mainlyattheAdvanced courses these taught have I . . . Instructor. and Advanced Basic, Canoeing: Ocean in courses of levels three offers RCABC . . . ago. years 30 some developed was program RCABC The . . . canoeing. ocean in program a established Adrian: in the kayak. lacking is Versatility . . . . canoes our wooden with coasts the along and lakes larger the . Paddle Canada has very recently recently very has Canada Paddle Beyond OurBorders 29 PATHWAYS 30 PATHWAYS Beyond OurBorders this beaffirmed. stroking outyourcanoefromtheshorescan to travelthebigwaves.Onlybypersonally able elegantly is canoe the that centuries, for did people Nation First as demonstrating, are individuals some Clearly, challenged. as notsufficientlyseaworthyshouldbe canoes of view conceived broadly the that suggests inquiry this conclusion, In investigation. further warrants Daniel and Ted of views diverging the Superior, Lake paddling Concerning level. is recognizedatthelargestorganizational activity the of value the that confirming canoeing, sea in activities Canada Paddle and RCABC the outline John and Adrian exist. does it that indicate all but canoeing, sea of occurrence the of perception their in vary respondents eight remaining The well. and alive is canoeing sea that indicate hand, other the on John, and Bernard issue. the on thoughts any offer not does Blake while 2 Question on shed to light modest but has Michael sections. stern and bow curving upward windcatching strongly have today kayaks sea many Moreover, profiles. sleeker Nils OlofVikanderhasbeenonfacultyatNorth Schumacher, E.F.(1977). Ruuska, D.(1984). His outdoorpassionsarepaddlingandskiing. universities andcollegesinCanadatheUS. he taughtanddidresearchformanyyearsat from 2003to2005.PriorhisworkinNorway period asvisitingscholaratBrockUniversity Education, Sport,andFriluftsliv,exceptfora Norway since1991intheDepartmentofPhysical Troendelag UniversityCollegeinLevanger, Evernden, N.(1993). References Colophon. perplexed. WA: PrivatePublishing. Press. Toronto of University : ON Toronto, Humankind andenvironment(2 (Schumacher, 1977,p.1). maps the of soundness the suspect to my perceptionsandbegan,instead of sanity the suspect to ceased I . . . New York, NY: Harper Harper NY: York, New Natural designs. The naturalalien: A guide for the the for guide A nd Seattle, Ed.). Ed.). By KateHumphrys Activities ontheWater activity or creative solution is needed to to needed is solution creative or activity occasional an where situations in myself found often have I leading. are we clients is notalwaysthecasewithstudentsor such but challenges, such appreciate might paddlers Passionate away. hours seems camp and huge looks lake awaiting the bend, a turn you As hours. for paddling been you’ve and afternoon the in late It’s with “R,” five things that start with “W”) keeping trackofboatpoints ifyoudesire. “W”) with start that things five “R,” with start that things (seven quickly fairly challenges of series a play can You things). unique three add to need only would (who boat another from “steal” a allow then and ten from down count can you items, seven the items.Iftheystumble,onlygettingto out shout they as listen boats other all and “bingo” yells ready group first “S.” The letter the with start that things visible first boattocomeupwithtentangible/ the be e.g., challenge: a boats all Give Canoe Bingo an activity. choosing when factors situational other and group, the of dynamics the conditions, weather the consider to Remember group. the with appropriate is as score, as you’dlike,givingoutprizesorkeeping competitive as Be range. shouting within or group a in boats the all keep to help also They discussions. interesting to led or favourites other for members group among suggestions trigger find I that activities few a offer I Below, explanations. minimal with informal, and simple are andinmyopinion,thebestactivities challenges, facilitation various involves water the on activities leading course, Of long paddle. a on group a energize and motivate help B ackpocket Sing-off to hear. difficult too often is entirety its in list their give to try boat each Having on. so group givetheiranswer,thenyell“B,”and each having and “A” yelling by boats the between share can You trip. the of part favourite a describe to adjectives people, mightincludemovietitles,songs,animals, Categories titles. of list A–Z an with up come boat each have and category a Pick A–Z Lists favourite lakes and portages in Algonquin Park Park and onthe Algonquin in portages and lakes favourite her on summer the spend to hopes She ones. indoor few a and venues, outdoor in numerous worked has She Directors. of Board COEO the of member a and University Brock at student master’s a currently is Humphrys Kate it look like? would what trip, the describe to t-shirt a design could If try? you would what fail, and why?Ifyouwereguaranteednotto What superpowerwouldyouliketohave (dead oralive)andhaveasadinnerguest? meet to like would Who way? what In famous? be to like you Would discussion. encourage to question interesting an ask or questions, 20 of game quick a Try Classic RiddleorQuestionGames on. so and songs), theme TV soundtracks, movie songs, campfire (Disney, genres wonders, one-hit as such variations, or try words different with times few a it Try titles. of out run have you until song of the part a or title the singing boat each with rotate Then word. that contain that can they as songs many as of think to minutes few a boat each give and happy) sunshine, (love, songs to common word a Pick

waters oftheSt.Lawrence River. 31 PATHWAYS 32 PATHWAYS P rospect Point By MaryL.Northway(IntroductionbyBobHenderson) Going onCampingTrips This articlewasoriginallypublishedin1960bythe American Camping Association, Inc. question everything, butfortunatelyappear never question man’sactions;sophomores by sophomore studentsofpsychology.Dogs be fullyunderstoodonlyby theirdogsand Humans areveryqueercreatures. Theycan obviously did. “measure” it;youdoitwithpassion,asMary plenty —alloneneededinfact.Youdon’t contentment feltonthewaterinacanoewere eggs, creatingaspontaneousparty,andthe experience fromatimewhenscrambling Northway’s writinghereisbornoutof Mostly IwanttohighlightthatMary “rememberable.” Northway’s becauseitismemorableand 2008). Youcanusethislittletheorizingof “ease yourmindabouteverything”(Snider, camping), butitmightbeallyouneedto change yourmindaboutanything(todowith (some ofwhichI’vewritten).Itmightnot hundreds ofresearchstudiesonthetopic define whywegocampingmightbeworth and complex“whys”!Yes,thisattemptto what isworthaddingtothesethreesimple of morethanonelongportagepondering like afulllist,I’vealmostmissedtheend the threereasonsofferedheremightnotfeel on atleastthreegood“whys.”Andwhile wonder nomore.Youjustmighthaveafix we gocampingandperhapsyoujustmight Read thishumourouslyricalessayonwhy educators. rich inpurposeforcanoecampingoutdoor nature andhumansinnature.Itiscertainly thoughtful inexploringideasabouthuman her writing.Butwritingcanbedensely of thelakepaddlethatMaryevokeswith light andairylikethatAugustsky/middle facilitation modelcouldeverachieve.Itis in awaythat,Iwouldsuggest,nogroup knowledgeable inthewaysofguiding is warmandfriendly.Itintuitive special in“GoingonCampingTrips.”It Mary Northwayoffersussomethingvery * motivation underlyingtheembarkationon schematic interpretationwhichelucidatesthe ever discoveredanyscientifichypothesisor he doesn’tifdoesn’t,butinnonehaveI man doesashedoes,ifandwhy these learnedscientistscanexplainwhy by theeruditionandassurancewithwhich on psychologyandIamgreatlyimpressed on campingtrips.Ireadagreatmanybooks the humanbeinghasinclinationtogo incomprehensible aspectsofbehavioriswhy to knowalltheanswers.Oneofmost with theleast vestigeofsanitywouldattempt nervous collapse at3:00A.M.,butnoone high windsand manifeststhisinacomplete sleeping inaleakytentthat hasaphobiato I canimaginegoingtothe city toescape camping as“anescape”!Escape fromwhat? rains. Andsomeacademic pendantexplains a culminationtoalltheseadversities itoften mummy, dehydratedandvitrified.Andas turns youthecolorofanancientEgyptian berry bushesscratchyou,andthesunshine over trailsthateternallygouphill,andthe Besides, youhavetocarryallthesethings bread preparesitselftobecomepenicillin. develops itspeculiarwhitemold,andthe the watertepid,baconafterafewdays All foodislukewarm;thebutterfluid, on; indeedIhaveeverknownittobedamp. uncomfortable. Thegroundishardtosleep For acampingtripcanbedefinitely brainless mosquitoesandbeingdefeated? wrestling at5:00A.M.withahordeof centuries ofevolutionarydevelopment, man, hisgeniustheproductofahundred could bemoreincongruousthancivilized helplessly throughthewilderness?What movie palaces,towanderpurposelesslyand the lushupholsteringofitssuperdeluxe inner springmattresses,itsicecubesand and culturalachievements,itshotbaths, magnificent communications,itsinstitutions with itsamazingtransportation, the comfortofourconvenientcivilization For whatcanbemoreludicrousthantoleave the wildernessjourney.Itissmallwonder! he isenmeshed andfromwhichthereis life asagreat netofperplexitiesinwhich betters—or that theadolescentenvisages adolescent isaproblemto us—his eldersand problems. Itakethistomean thateitherthe adolescence isaperiodmade upentirelyof Besides allthismytextbooks tellmethat nuisance. enormous. Theyare,inshort,nothingbuta laugh atittoo.Andtheircapacityforfoodis of aslongthreedays.Theyoftenmakeme They willlaughatthesamejokeforperiods Fish Ball.”Theirsenseofhumorislimited. His Flock”followedimmediatelyby“One them, forinstance,render“HeShallFeed with noregardforformororder.Ihaveheard certain toregretlater.Theysingstrangesongs activity whichonewellknowstheywillbe writing somepeculiarmodernpoetry—an frequently lettheprunesboildrywhile the meritsoftheirparticularschools.They their respectiveboyfriendsorcontrasting and they’realwayscomparingsnapshotsof very foolish.Adolescentsgiggleagreatdeal groups ofadolescentgirlswithus.Thisis Not onlydowegooncanoetrips;take turn”). of thepopularexpression“thwartedatevery position (theoriginalderivation,nodoubt, the ribseachtimeheattemptstobetterhis centre thwartwillneverfailtodighimin that nomatterhowhearrangeshimselfthe camper forthenight.Hewill,however,find upside downtoprovideshelterforone has theoneadvantagethatitcanbeturned poor miserablemortal.Ofcourseacanoe biceps, thepronatorsandsupinatorsofsome released bytheactionofdeltoid, dependent ontheoutputofkineticenergy motivation. Itsmomentumisentirely bodies ofwater.”Acanoehasnoinner longest distancebetweenanytwogiven portages. Portagesmaybedefinedas“the that itisextremelyawkwardtocarryover continual guidance,yetitislargeenough completely unabletolookafteritselfwithout kind ofconveyance.Itissosmallthatit’s go bycanoe.Acanoeisaveryinconvenient We gooncampingtripseverysummer. truly tobemad. torments ofawildernessjourney.Tocampis urban societyby“escaping”intotempestuous to avoidthepleasuresandconveniencesof to disappearandhefeelsbetter.It’smuch worry about,hisvaguerapprehensionstend bodily pains.Whenheoncehastheseto person withmanyanxietiesisapttodevelop like conversionhysteria.Weallknowthata My ownfeelingisthatacanoetriprather the south,andisn’tmapwronganyway. and whethertheportageistonorthor fishing, whoshouldpaddlesterntomorrow, the dinner,howmuchlineshouldbeusedfor tent istobepitched,whoseturnitget there aredecisionstobemade—wherethe perplexity ofwhoputthehatchetwhere; whether it’sgoingtorainornot;thereisthe as camping.Thereisthecontinualworryof life-full. Fornosituationissoproblematical problems acanoetripprovideshimwith Well, ifbyanychanceanadolescenthasno presumably noordinarymeansofrelease. mine—though itmustbedreadful. them, Idon’t much carewhatishappening to expanded. Personally,asI sit backandwatch pack thecanoes,theirpersonalities arebeing the leaders,cookmeals, dothedishes, know thatbyhavingtheyoungsters, not personalities.” Itiscertainly satisfactoryto giving themthechanceto“expandtheir using amethodtogetthejobsdonebutwere cause” (thatis,towork)wewerenotmerely to “participateco-operativelyinacommon glad tolearnthatbygettingthecampers Work” fromwhichwewereextremely trips. Wehaveevenreadabookon“Group verandah. Weareverydemocraticoncanoe cabin embellishedwithaporcupine-chewed evening wepitchedcampbyanoldhunting stiffened ourmusclesonportagesandby sweltering sunandthewind.Wehad had paddledallthepreviousdayin one beautifulrainySundaymorning.We pleasurable moments.Irecall,forexample, Of course,evencampinghasitsfew difficult tobecomefreefromsuchaddiction. addicted toeitherformofbehavioritisvery to aneurosisalsobecauseonceonebecomes his mentalprocesses.Acanoetripissimilar or speculateintrovertedlyonthenatureof contemplate thebasicpurposeofuniverse going inapouringrainheisnolongerableto dehydrated carrots,orhowtokeepafire has toworryabouthowlonghydratethe serves thesamepurpose,forwhenaperson than aboutnothing.Acanoetripperhaps more satisfactorytoworryaboutsomething Prospect Point 33 PATHWAYS 34 PATHWAYS Prospect Point indeed—and then suddenlyeverything began gave upseveral times.Iwasvery,very cross to seethefirewaslesspersistent thanI.It that thefryingpanoverflowed. Iwasglad the heavenscameinto eggs soquickly gave up.Thatwaswhenthe waterfrom in nosubvocalterms.Atone pointIalmost I amarguingwithmaterialthingsargue slept on,whichwasagoodthing,forwhen almost asobstinateI.Thecampersstill It rained;itrained.Thefirewas and toast(notrawbread),coffee. oatmeal porridgewithKlim,scrambledeggs I started—prunescookedthenightbefore, for years?Nomererainwoulddeterme!So complete menuornothing.Hadn’tIcamped temper andinsistedthatwewouldfollowthe have somebreadandjam.ButIwasinabad I shouldattemptonlycoffeeandthatwe’d I wouldruinthefoodsupplies,suggestedthat Flora, beingakindlysoulandalsosuspecting were legitimatelytheirs.Theysimplyslept. to carrythroughtheresponsibilitieswhich of thosedearchildrenwhoweresupposed think whatwillhappentothepersonalities was verybaddemocraticpractice.Ihateto authoritatively, “Iwillgetthebreakfast.”This damping myearlymorningfaceIsaid clouds andfeltthegentletorrentsofrain considerably. AsIlookedattheominous lately inhabitedbyporcupines,werestirring the nameofsoftwood?)verandah slept onthesoftwood(howdiditeverget in theirlittlepuptents.FloraandI,whohad thunderous. Thecamperswerenotstirring assigned, themorningappearedwetand The dutieshavingbeenthuscarefully counselors andnottobeencouraged!). the mostfalseteeth(thisisveryhardon in January,orallfourgrandparentsliving, simply assignedtotheonewhohasabirthday the method,and“BreakfastDishes”is like herseither.Sometimes,however,wevary always exchangeitwithsomeonewhodidn’t like thetaskyouhavebeenallottedcan the jobsbeingdoneandifyouhappennotto draws. Thisisefficient,asitprovidesforall so on,andeveryone,includingtheleaders, paper “Breakfast Cook,” “Dinner Dishes,” and a fairandjustmethod.Youwriteonbitsof determine whodidwhattomorrow.Thisis had drawnpiecesofpaperoutahatto According toourdemocraticprocedurewe fresh roastedmeat,aweek’saccumulationof camp beds,mealsatatable,ice-coldmilk, coming home. Everything is so luxurious—the going ontripsistoexperiencethejoyof the canoetrip.Perhapsrealreasonfor party. Thiswasthedaywecamebackfrom Then therewasthetimewehadbirthday eggs intherain. is simplyforthatopportunityofscrambling realized whypeoplegooncampingtrips.It accomplishment. ThenwithsuddeninsightI and Igavemyselfasubjectivemedalformy cup ofcoffeeIbegantofeelverygoodindeed the gnawedverandahdrinkingmysecond our amazingachievement.AndasIsaton in theirbedsandtheycongratulateduson campers andweservedthemahotbreakfast to cook—beautifully.Wewokethesleepy cabin. Butsing shedidandeventhough our concert hallwith symphonythaninour tiny can sing.Hervoiceisslightly betterina the “banquet”Janesangfor us.Janereally the surprisecomplete.Iremember thatafter with witandepigram,the food delicious, excellent, thesinginglovely, thetoastsfilled cabin, holdingacelebration.Thejokeswere And therewewere,tenofusinalittle with candles. it, andthereitwasatseveno’clockcomplete perfection. Wetoiledlikestevedorestocreate provided abanquetreachingtheacmeof and foodfromchickentocamouflagedsodas of fudgewasmadefromsugarwehadsaved pipe cleaners,andoldtincans.Ararepiece created ofclamshellsandgiftsbirchbark, were usedforatablecloth,placecards were hungonthewallsofcabin.Sheets cupboard, andthegroup’singenuity.Blankets only theforest,lakeshore,campstore corner grocerystore,nocakeandgiftshop, It wasapartybasedessentiallyonideas.No story. Butshehadtogo. expressed apreferenceforreadingdetective canoe trippingshesawlittlesenseinthisand explore thehighestrange.Aftersevendaysof were projected.Dorothywastakenoffto skullduggery andintricateintrigue,plans be asurpriseparty,itjusthadtobe.So,with English girlandshewasseventeen.Ithadto us. ItwasDorothy’sbirthday—shean found wecoulddowithout,nowrestoredto the mostexcitingmail—allthingswehave the ages,areinsignificant andwillpass away. scrambling eggs. Both,againstthebackdrop of be constructinganewphilosophy oritmaybe achievement itselfisnever verygreat—itmay and releasesnewspringsof action?The world andoneselfthatresolves allconflicts experiencing asenseofharmony betweenthe that increasesgaietyandenjoyment, of adversity,participatinginanenterprise they simplybetheachievingofagoalinspite the greatpurposesofhumanliving?Could give ustheanswer.Ordothey?Forwhatare utterly contentunderanAugustsky,donot of spontaneouslycreatingaparty,feeling these snapshotsofscramblingeggsintherain, So whydohumanbeingsgocamping?Surely behavior ingoingcamping? this explainthehuman’sincomprehensible sunny momentofanAugustafternoon.Does odd situations,Ihaverecalledthatlazy, remember; yetforfouryearsinallsortsof lateron.ButmorethanthatIcannot we hadcomefrom.Iknowamile Nothing atall.Iamnotsureexactlywhere tanned andutterlycontent.Whathappened? southwest breeze.Andonefeltwarmand It wasbrilliantlysunnyandthereasoft canoes wereglidingbyahighrockyshore. about fourintheafternoon,andallthree We werepaddlingonRedstoneLake.Itwas flashback ofanAugustday. on campingtrips”Ihavehadarecurring car Ibeganthinkingofanarticleon“going For fromthetimewhenonacrowdedstreet process ofcatharsis,bylettingitbeexpressed. shall nowbeabletoridmyselfofitonlybya nor moral.YetitpersistsandIsuppose irrelevant memorycontainingneitherhumor like KingCharles’head.Itisacompletely persistent memorykeepscroppingup As Iwriteaboutcanoetripsanoddly we gooncampingtrips. achieve agrouppurpose.Perhapsthisiswhy and theartofcombiningspontaneousideasto having funwithoutbecomingself-conscious, enthusiasm outofthecommonplace,art by moderncivilization—theartofcreating And soitwas,forembodiedtheartslost more. Weagreeditwasamostamazingparty. have anyofus(excludingdog)enjoyedmusic for havinghisslumbersdisturbed,never philistine Bostonbullhowledinholyprotest time todiscovertheessentialsinherentin of oursuperimportantbusynessesandtake them wemustnecessarilyleavethewhirligig the endsoflifeanditsmeans;buttofind that thesecampingvaluesareafterallboth world wouldonlylisten.Itmayindeedbe which willgivetheworlditssalvation—if imagine thatourpeculiarideasaretheones impression, tobeasuccess,conceitedly we notsoanxioustobea-doing,makean a revelationofwhatlifecouldbelikewere afternoon isnoself-satisfaction.Ratherit which realityismade.Thecontentofasunny they arenotillusions.Theyofthestuff drab discontentofabewilderedworld,but temporary. Theyaresparklesagainstthe of goodspirit,thegaietyandenjoymentare rather theachieving.Tooincreatingaparty But itisnottheachievementthatmattersbut thinks MaryNorthway wasprettyswell. McMaster University inHamilton,Ontario. Bob Bob Henderson teachesoutdooreducationat Point, intheHaliburtonHighlands in1940. girls’ canoetrippingcampin Ontario,WindyPine Bernard Camp,Marywenton tofoundthefirst many yearsasacamperandstaff memberatGlen University ofToronto(1934–1968).Following Dr. MaryNorthwaytaughtpsychologyatthe Snider, Todd.(2008).Ponceoftheflaming References camping. a-blossoming, theeggsa-frying.Let’sgo here, thetreesarea-leaving,flowers But enoughofsuchverbosity.Summeris true greatness. insignificance thatwefindthebeginningof insignificance anditisintherealizationof pomposity. Ataglancewediscoverour we aredivestedofourimportanceand self-centeredness. Bysuchaperspective it allowsustoseeourselvesfreedfrom loves, andstilllovethem.”Itsvalueisthat “is theabilitytolaughatthosethingsone solemnly. “Truehumor,”saysMeredith, the delightsbecausewetakethemalltoo people oftenfalsifythevaluesandobscure But onemustnotbetooserious.Camp everyday. Records. peace queer. Peace queer . MegaForce Prospect Point 35 PATHWAYS 36 PATHWAYS S ubmission Guidelines It isimportantforyoutouseyourstyletell conversational, easytoreadandt We preferanaturalwritingstylethatis Kathy Haras([email protected]). contribution to the Chair of the Editorial Board, send ane-mailoutliningyourpotential artwork, ortopicforathemeissue,please an ideaaboutawrittensubmission,pieceof will workwithyoutopublishit.Ifhave will takeyourcontributioninanyformand poetry, fiction,studentworkandmore.We outlines, drawings,articles,bookreviews, experiential education.Wewelcomelesson a fullrangeofmaterialsrelatedtooutdoor The Submitting Material character, well-beingandtheenvironment. education ineducatingforcurriculum, highlights thevalueofoutdoorexperiential from wildernesstourbansettings. from elementarytopost-secondarylevelsand practice ofoutdoorexperientialeducation and academics,thejournalfocuseson educators, classroomteachers,students Ontario. 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