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Copyright by Fatma Tarlacı 2016 Copyright by Fatma Tarlacı 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Fatma Tarlacı Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Literary Neo-Ottomanism: The Emergence of a Cosmopolitan Turkey in World Literature Committee: Elizabeth Richmond-Garza, Supervisor Katherine Arens Erdağ Göknar William Roger Louis Hannah C. Wojciehowski Literary Neo-Ottomanism: The Emergence of a Cosmopolitan Turkey in World Literature by Fatma Tarlacı, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2016 Dedication To my parents Acknowledgements This dissertation has come to a completion with the enriching intellectual exchanges that I feel very fortunate to have experienced over the years, without which I would not have been able to reach this moment of writing my acknowledgments. First, and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Elizabeth Richmond-Garza for her exceptional guidance, as well as her continuous and unwavering support from the very first day. Elizabeth Richmond-Garza was the very first person I met at The University of Texas at Austin. The diligence she had in her intellectual and professional work has shaped my scholarship over the years and taught me how perseverance would lead to both academic and personal success. Her expertise in the field of comparative literature has broadened my understanding of our shared discipline and helped shape how I conduct this comparative study. Through her generous intellectual support, I have been able to overcome the academic rigors associated with this dissertation while her personal and administrative support has allowed me to surpass distressing personal challenges that life has presented and notably affected my academic progress throughout my writing process. She has been so caring, patient and understanding that, I am convinced, without her backing I would not have been able to complete this degree. Though incomprehensible for me to conceive of now, there were moments in the past when I, in fact, considered giving up. During my most trying times, however, I was able to refocus and redouble my efforts thanks to her guidance, helping v me to see that my struggles were not in vain. Our productive conversations have deepened my understanding of the broader implications of my research. Her profound questions and her inclusion of commentary on my writing and research led me to gain a more sophisticated perspective through which I have then been able to form my dissertation. Her comparative, theoretical, and methodological feedback has allowed me to place this project on a solid scholarly ground. After every meeting, I have felt assured, accomplished, and full of enthusiasm to explore more and think differently to enhance the limits of my scholarship. Elizabeth, I thank you deeply and sincerely. I feel immensely grateful for the years I have shared with and learned from you. Through his expertise in Turkish literature, Erdağ Göknar has been one of the leading backbones of my dissertation. He has inspired me with his exceptional work in the field since I presented at a conference panel that he organized in 2010. He was exceptionally kind to accept my invitation to join my committee at The University of Texas at Austin from Duke University. Guiding me with his profound knowledge on Turkey, his suggestions and feedback on Turkish literature have enabled me to refine my arguments and confidently write about the field, shaping the disciplinary approach of this dissertation. This research would not have been possible without his thorough guidance. I am genuinely grateful for the opportunity to have been able to work with him. Ever since I took my first course with Katherine Arens during my first semester at The University of Texas at Austin, her meticulous feedback, sincere guidance, and acute observations of my work have led me to become a better writer and a more diligent researcher. Her extensive knowledge of European literature and history, as well as vi literary theory, helped me formulate many of the questions that my inquiries in this project posed and expanded the disciplinary peripheries of my research. Her guidance has enabled me to become more informed about the methodological approaches and disciplinary concerns that my project would be conversing. I am deeply grateful for her support, guidance, and lucid insights that have tremendously contributed towards the foundations of this project. I am also greatly indebted to Wm. Roger Louis for his continuous and candid support of my research and scholarship. His courses on British imperial history contributed my project in unexpected ways. My experience in working with him has allowed me to gain a historical perspective that I was able to incorporate in my research. Investigating the relationship between modern Turkish literature and the Ottoman historiography has placed my project on an interdisciplinary ground. I am also thankful for the unceasing support from Hannah Wojciehowski, who has provided critical insights on my chapter drafts and guided me in exploring a more succinct analysis through her feedback. Her generosity with her time and patience during our meetings has assured me about the care she was always willing to provide for my research. Both the courses I have had the opportunity to take from her and the invaluable guidance she provided me throughout the writing and research process have been crucial towards my progress. I have been fortunate to work with such supportive committee members, who, through their distinguished guidance, remarkable expertise, and heartfelt personalities, have directed my progress to become a junior literary scholar. vii I have also learned immensely from my peers and researchers outside my doctoral committee. The many intellectual and personal exchanges I have had with my dear friends Cynthia Francica, Bhavya Tiwari, Jayita Sinha, Julianna Leachman, Daniel Kahozi, Naminata Diabate, and Somy Kim, among many others, have allowed me to envision my academic and personal life in a world surrounded by like-minded intellectuals. I would like to thank each of them for their friendship and support at times when I felt frustrated and even lost. Our program coordinator, Billy Fatzinger, has been a great friend, and an incredible source of friendly and logistical support throughout my years at the Comparative Literature Program. His efficient working style enabled me to avoid administrative glitches, not only at the turning points of my degree plan but also when we worked together for the American Comparative Literature Association Secretariat. I am forever indebted to my dearest friends Dilek Anıltürk and Önder Anıltürk, who have opened their doors and invited me into their family with unconditional trust and support. I would not have been able to come strongly out of the periods of tribulation if it was not for their outright friendship when mental and physical challenges made it extremely difficult for me to continue. I have been blessed with the unceasing joy their children, Selin and Kaan, brought to my life. Many people have contributed to this dissertation, my overall academic life, and professionalization in various ways at The University of Texas at Austin. I have benefited from the generous support and mentorship of César Salgado, Douglas Bruster, Samer Ali, viii as well as my colleagues at the Plan II Honors Program, Richard Reddick, Alexandra Wettlaufer, and Mary Dillman. The Graduate School, the College of Liberal Arts, and the Program in Comparative Literature at the University of Texas at Austin have generously supported the research and writing of this dissertation. The institutional and departmental sources and personal connections to which I have been fortunate to have access have significantly facilitated the research for this project. I am grateful for the colleagues from the Middle Eastern Studies, the Department of English, and the Plan II Honors Program, from whom I have learned immensely while establishing myself as a researcher and a teacher. My mother and siblings have been a source of support throughout my academic journey even in the distance. She has always encouraged me with her guidance. Although father was not able to see this day, he was an inspiration, and I am grateful to him for teaching me perseverance. Finally, I am grateful for Edward Andrew Jaramillo for being next to me throughout my writing process. His presence in my life and confidence in me have allowed me to continue even through the periods of frustration and doubt. He has patiently proofread and edited my work, provided invaluable insights. He often understood me even when I was not adequately clear in my written expressions by helping to flesh out ideas more clearly than I wrote out of my discursively long and intricate sentences constructed at moments of analytical densities during the writing process. I want to thank everyone who trusted in me and my contribution to knowledge. ix Literary Neo-Ottomanism: The Emergence of a Cosmopolitan Turkey in World Literature Fatma Tarlacı, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Austin, 2016 Supervisor: Elizabeth Richmond-Garza This dissertation offers a new reading of Modern Turkish literature as drawing on its Ottoman past and participating in a global discourse through an analysis of recent developments in Turkish literature. By developing the phrase “literary neo-Ottomanism” through a set of images that are typical of the Ottomans produced mainly in the nineteenth century and later reworked in contemporary Turkish novels, the dissertation focuses on the refractions of this Ottoman past for two Turkish authors, Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar and Orhan Pamuk and explores how they speak to a global readership. A revival of the Ottoman past projects possibilities for a continued Turkish presence in world literature.
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