Goulburn Valley Primary Care Partnership

Received 23 March 2010

Dear Committee

The Goulburn Valley Primary Care Partnership (GVPCP) is one of 31 Dept of Health Funded program operating through Victoria looking to improve the outcomes of local consumers utilising the local primary healthcare and welfare systems.

As a part of our strategic planning process the GVPCP compiled a Community profile outlining the health issues facing the catchment area we service, which includes Moira Shire, Strathbogie Shire and the Greater city of Shepparton.

Attached to this email are two documents, one is the overall document and the second a summary of the main issues being faced locally.

GREATER SHEPPARTON • Our indigenous population is almost six times the Victorian average. 3.2% of the population in Greater Shepparton are of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin, compared with 0.6% of the Victorian population (ABS, 2006 Census). The indigenous population in Victoria is also growing (10.1% increase between 2001‐2006). • Gambling is a concern. In 2006/2007, Greater Shepparton had a higher net Electronic Gaming Machine (EGM) expenditure per person than the country Victoria average.

• Our crime rates are higher than the Victorian rate. In 2007/08 and 2008/09, Greater Shepparton had a higher rate of crimes against person, crime against property and other crime than the Victoria rate.

• Our population is concerned about their personal safety. 59.6% of Greater Shepparton residents felt safe or very safe when walking alone at night in their local area compared to 73.6% in the Hume region and 66.5% for Victoria.

• Our rate of teenage pregnancy is more than twice the Victorian average. In 2007, 5.4% of all confinements in Greater Shepparton were to mothers younger than 20 years of age, compared with the Victorian average of 2.6%.

• We have significant numbers of disengaged school leavers. In the Goulburn Valley, Greater Shepparton had the highest percentage of disengaged 15–19 year old school leavers (24.6%) and this rate is significantly higher than the Victoria rate (15.4%).

• Cancer is the leading cause of death for our men, especially lung cancer. In 2006, the most common cause of death for males residing in both Greater Shepparton & Moira was neoplasms. Further analysis found that deaths from cancer are highest in the western part of Greater Shepparton, and that the most common cancers are lung cancer, followed by colorectal.

• Our rate of diagnosed diabetes is high and has almost doubled in the last 5 years. Greater Shepparton has the 28th highest prevalence of diabetes (all types combined) in Victoria (out of 79 local government areas) with 4.3% of the population having diabetes in 2006, and a 90% increase since 2001. This pattern is very similar to Moira. Furthermore, across the Goulburn Valley, diabetes contributed the greatest number of avoidable hospital admissions in 2007/08.

STRATHBOGIE • Our population is considerably older. 22.2% of Strathbogie’s population are aged 65 years compared to 13.8% for Greater Shepparton and 13.7% for Victoria. Moira is not far behind on 19.6%. The median age for persons residing in Strathbogie is 47, compared to Victorias 37 and Greater Shepparton’s 36 and Moira’s 42.

• Transport limitations are very high. In 2007, 31% of Strathbogie residents experienced transport limitations in the previous 12 months, 1.5 times the Victorian average of 20.3%.

• Circulatory system diseases such as heart disease and stroke are the leading cause of death for our men. In 2006, for males residing in Strathbogie the common cause of death was diseases of circulatory system.

• Our rates of breastfeeding are considerably lower. In 2007/2008, rates of breastfeeding (fully breastfed) on discharge in Strathbogie (56.3%) were significantly lower than the Hume region (77%) and Victoria (74.7%).

• Our rate of diabetes is very high and increasing rapidly. Strathbogie has the 12th highest prevalence of diabetes (all types combined) in Victoria (out of 79 local government areas) with 5.69% of the population having diabetes in 2008, which is a 95% increase since 2001. This is considerably higher than Moira (4.80%) and Greater Shepparton (4.92%).

MOIRA • Our indigenous population is almost twice the Victorian average at 1.1%, compared with 0.6% of the Victorian population (ABS, 2006 Census). The indigenous population in Victoria is also growing (10.1% increase between 2001‐2006).

• Our population is somewhat older. 19.6% of Moira’s population are over 65 years compared to 13.8% for Greater Shepparton and 13.7% for Victoria. Strathbogie is older again at 22.2%. The median age for persons residing in Moira is 42, compared to Victorias 37 and Greater Shepparton’s 36, a little behind Strathbogie’s 47.

• Our rate of teenage pregnancy is almost twice the Victorian average. In 2007, 4.9% of all confinements in Moira were to mothers younger than 20 years of age, compared with the Victorian average of 2.6%.

• Cancer is the leading cause of death for our men, especially lung cancer. In 2006, the most common cause of death for males residing in both Greater Shepparton & Moira was neoplasms. A large portion of this is lung cancer, followed by colorectal cancers.

• Our rate of diagnosed diabetes is high and is increasing rapidly. Moira has the 25th highest prevalence of diabetes (all types combined) in Victoria (out of 79 local government areas) with 4.8% of the population having diabetes in 2008, a 119% increase since 2001. 2 new cases of diabetes are diagnosed each week in Moira.

GOULBURN VALLEY‐ CATCHMENT WIDE ISSUES • Our men’s life expectancy is lower than the Victorian average. The life expectancy for a male born in the Goulburn Valley in 2006 is 78.5, compared to the Victoria state estimate of 80.0 years. Unfortunately, this will be significantly influenced by our high numbers of indigenous population.

• Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death for our women and a significant cause of lost healthy years for both men and women. In 2006, the most common cause of death females residing in the Goulburn Valley was diseases of the circulatory system. The second highest DALY (Disability adjusted Life Years) rate for males and females (2001) in Greater Shepparton, Moira & Strathbogie was cardiovascular disease.

• Cancer is the most significant cause of lost healthy years. In 2001, malignant cancers had the highest DALY rate for males and females in Greater Shepparton, Moira and Strathbogie. This rate was higher than the Victorian average.

• Our smoking rates are higher than the Victoria average and highest in the west of Moira. In 2004/05 the rate of male and female smokers in all Statistical Local Areas in the Goulburn Valley was higher than the Victoria rate, with western parts of Moira at age standardised rate of 331/1,000 and central Shepparton (318) and eastern part of Moira (317).

• Cervical screening rates are too low. The percentage of females participating in cervical cancer screening in Greater Shepparton, Moira & Strathbogie was lower than the Hume region.

• Unemployment is higher than the Victorian average, and school completion is lower. The unemployment rate (December Quarter 2008) is 5.4% in the Goulburn Valley, compared to 4.4% for Victoria. The proportion of the population in Greater Shepparton, Moira and Strathbogie that completed Year 12 is lower than the Victorian average.

• Suicide contributes to lost healthy years for our men at a much higher rate than Victoria. The Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) rate for male suicide for Greater Shepparton (5.0%), Moira (5.6%) and Strathbogie (5.6%) were higher than Victoria overall (3.9).

• Depression contributes to lost healthy years for women at higher rates than Victoria. The DALY rate for depression for females residing in Greater Shepparton (8.6%), Moira (8.9%) & Strathbogie (8.9%) was higher than the Victorian rate (7.1%).

• Diabetes complications were the most common avoidable hospital admission in the Goulburn Valley. This was higher compared to the Victoria and Hume region rate for the 2007‐2008 period.

All three local governments within our catchment have utilised this data in preparing their own Municipal Public Health plans. We are sure that this data will help outline just some of the significant disadvantage that our community faces.

Sam Campi Executive Officer Goulburn valley Primary care Partnership

PO Box 1167 Shepparton Vic 3632

03 5823 3285 0438 583 123 www.gvpcp.org.au [email protected]

Goulburn Valley Community Profile Data – Summary

The population across the Goulburn Valley is diverse, and the three local government areas of Greater Shepparton, Moira and Strathbogie each have markedly different characteristics with regards to their populations, health outcomes and other important characteristics to consider when planning for health and wellbeing priorities. For these reasons, the summary of available population health data is presented separately to highlight the findings of note within each area. Some issues that are common across the whole of the Goulburn Valley are then presented.

GREATER SHEPPARTON  Our indigenous population is almost six times the Victorian average. 3.2% of the population in Greater Shepparton are of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin, compared with 0.6% of the Victorian population (ABS, 2006 Census). The indigenous population in Victoria is also growing (10.1% increase between 2001-2006).  Gambling is a concern. In 2006/2007, Greater Shepparton had a higher net Electronic Gaming Machine (EGM) expenditure per person than the country Victoria average.  Our crime rates are higher than the Victorian rate. In 2007/08 and 2008/09, Greater Shepparton had a higher rate of crimes against person, crime against property and other crime than the Victoria rate.  Our population is concerned about their personal safety. 59.6% of Greater Shepparton residents felt safe or very safe when walking alone at night in their local area compared to 73.6% in the Hume region and 66.5% for Victoria.  Our rate of teenage pregnancy is more than twice the Victorian average. In 2007, 5.4% of all confinements in Greater Shepparton were to mothers younger than 20 years of age, compared with the Victorian average of 2.6%.  We have significant numbers of disengaged school leavers. In the Goulburn Valley, Greater Shepparton had the highest percentage of disengaged 15–19 year old school leavers (24.6%) and this rate is significantly higher than the Victoria rate (15.4%).  Cancer is the leading cause of death for our men, especially lung cancer. In 2006, the most common cause of death for males residing in both Greater Shepparton & Moira was neoplasms. Further analysis found that deaths from cancer are highest in the western part of Greater Shepparton, and that the most common cancers are lung cancer, followed by colorectal.  Our rate of diagnosed diabetes is high and has almost doubled in the last 5 years. Greater Shepparton has the 28th highest prevalence of diabetes (all types combined) in Victoria (out of 79 local government areas) with 4.3% of the population having diabetes in 2006, and a 90% increase since 2001. This pattern is very similar to Moira. Furthermore, across the Goulburn Valley, diabetes contributed the greatest number of avoidable hospital admissions in 2007/08.

STRATHBOGIE  Our population is considerably older. 22.2% of Strathbogie’s population are aged 65 years compared to 13.8% for Greater Shepparton and 13.7% for Victoria. Moira is not far behind on 19.6%. The median age for persons residing in Strathbogie is 47, compared to Victorias 37 and Greater Shepparton’s 36 and Moira’s 42.  Transport limitations are very high. In 2007, 31% of Strathbogie residents experienced transport limitations in the previous 12 months, 1.5 times the Victorian average of 20.3%.  Circulatory system diseases such as heart disease and stroke are the leading cause of death for our men. In 2006, for males residing in Strathbogie the common cause of death was diseases of circulatory system.  Our rates of breastfeeding are considerably lower. In 2007/2008, rates of breastfeeding (fully breastfed) on discharge in Strathbogie (56.3%) were significantly lower than the Hume region (77%) and Victoria (74.7%).  Our rate of diabetes is very high and increasing rapidly. Strathbogie has the 12th highest prevalence of diabetes (all types combined) in Victoria (out of 79 local government areas) with 5.69% of the population having diabetes in 2008, which is a 95% increase since 2001. This is considerably higher than Moira (4.80%) and Greater Shepparton (4.92%).

MOIRA  Our indigenous population is almost twice the Victorian average at 1.1%, compared with 0.6% of the Victorian population (ABS, 2006 Census). The indigenous population in Victoria is also growing (10.1% increase between 2001-2006).  Our population is somewhat older. 19.6% of Moira’s population are over 65 years compared to 13.8% for Greater Shepparton and 13.7% for Victoria. Strathbogie is older again at 22.2%. The median age for persons residing in Moira is 42, compared to Victorias 37 and Greater Shepparton’s 36, a little behind Strathbogie’s 47.  Our rate of teenage pregnancy is almost twice the Victorian average. In 2007, 4.9% of all confinements in Moira were to mothers younger than 20 years of age, compared with the Victorian average of 2.6%.  Cancer is the leading cause of death for our men, especially lung cancer. In 2006, the most common cause of death for males residing in both Greater Shepparton & Moira was neoplasms. A large portion of this is lung cancer, followed by colorectal cancers.  Our rate of diagnosed diabetes is high and is increasing rapidly. Moira has the 25th highest prevalence of diabetes (all types combined) in Victoria (out of 79 local government areas) with 4.8% of the population having diabetes in 2008, a 119% increase since 2001. 2 new cases of diabetes are diagnosed each week in Moira.

GOULBURN VALLEY- CATCHMENT WIDE ISSUES  Our men’s life expectancy is lower than the Victorian average. The life expectancy for a male born in the Goulburn Valley in 2006 is 78.5, compared to the Victoria state estimate of 80.0 years. Unfortunately, this will be significantly influenced by our high numbers of indigenous population.  Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death for our women and a significant cause of lost healthy years for both men and women. In 2006, the most common cause of death females residing in the Goulburn Valley was diseases of the circulatory system. The second highest DALY (Disability adjusted Life Years) rate for males and females (2001) in Greater Shepparton, Moira & Strathbogie was cardiovascular disease.  Cancer is the most significant cause of lost healthy years. In 2001, malignant cancers had the highest DALY rate for males and females in Greater Shepparton, Moira and Strathbogie. This rate was higher than the Victorian average.  Our smoking rates are higher than the Victoria average and highest in the west of Moira. In 2004/05 the rate of male and female smokers in all Statistical Local Areas in the Goulburn Valley was higher than the Victoria rate, with western parts of Moira at age standardised rate of 331/1,000 and central Shepparton (318) and eastern part of Moira (317).  Cervical screening rates are too low. The percentage of females participating in cervical cancer screening in Greater Shepparton, Moira & Strathbogie was lower than the Hume region.  Unemployment is higher than the Victorian average, and school completion is lower. The unemployment rate (December Quarter 2008) is 5.4% in the Goulburn Valley, compared to 4.4% for Victoria. The proportion of the population in Greater Shepparton, Moira and Strathbogie that completed Year 12 is lower than the Victorian average.  Suicide contributes to lost healthy years for our men at a much higher rate than Victoria. The Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) rate for male suicide for Greater Shepparton (5.0%), Moira (5.6%) and Strathbogie (5.6%) were higher than Victoria overall (3.9).  Depression contributes to lost healthy years for women at higher rates than Victoria. The DALY rate for depression for females residing in Greater Shepparton (8.6%), Moira (8.9%) & Strathbogie (8.9%) was higher than the Victorian rate (7.1%).  Diabetes complications were the most common avoidable hospital admission in the Goulburn Valley. This was higher compared to the Victoria and Hume region rate for the 2007-2008 period.

Visit www.gvpcp.org.au for a copy of the GVPCP Community Profile 2009

Goulburn Valley Community Profile Goulburn Valley Primary Care Partnership www.gvpcp.org.au

2nd February 2010

Table of Contents 2 Summary of Findings 4

1. Demographic & Social Characteristics 6 1.1 Population Size & Projection 6 Estimated Resident Population 6 Population Projections 7 Indigenous Population 7 Age Structure 11 Gender 11 Median Age 11 Population – 0-4 years, 15 – 24 years, 65 years + 11

1.2 Culture & Language 15 Country of Birth 15 Language Spoken at Home 19

1.3 Socioeconomic Status 20 Individual Income 20 Household Income 20 Family Income 20 Unemployment 21 Industry of Employment 22 Occupation 22 Social Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) 23

1.4 Education & Literacy 26 Level of Education Attained 26 Non School Qualifications (15 years +) 26 Highest Year of School Completed (15-19yr olds) 26 Students Apparent Retention Rate (ARR) 27 Destinations of School Leavers 27 Australian Early Development Index (AEDI) 28

1.5 Living Arrangement/Social Support 29 Family Composition 29 People Living Alone 30 Social Housing 31 Rental & Mortgage Stress 31 Disability 32

1.6 Safety & Crime 33 Accidents 33 Perception of Safety 33 Family Incidents 34 Crime Rates 34

1.7 Transport 35 Method of Travel to Work 35 Transport Limitations 35

2. Health Status 36 2.1 Mortality & Morbidity 36 Life Expectancy at Birth 36 Underlying Cause of Death 37 Burden of Disease 38 Mental, Mood & Behavioural Problems 42 Psychological Distress 44 Chronic Diseases & Conditions 45 Teenage Births 47 Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSC) 47

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2.2 Preventative Activities 50 Childhood Immunisation 50 Breastfeeding 50 Key Age & Stage Visits (maternal & child health) 50 Child Health Referral (reasons) 51 Cervical Screening 51

2.3 Risk Factors 52 Smoking 52 Nutrition 52 Physical Inactivity 52 Obesity 53 Alcohol Consumption (high risk) 53

2.4 Health Services 55 General Practitioner Availability 55 Bulk Billing 55

3. Community Wellbeing 56 3.1 Gambling 56 Electronic Gaming Machine (EGM) expenditure 56

3.2 Community Strength 57 Indicators of Community Strength 57

3.3 Social Determinants of Health 58

3.4 Access 60 Food Security 60 Internet 60

Appendix 1: Maps – Statistical Local Areas & Local Government Areas 61 Appendix 2: Glossary 62

References 63

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Summary of Findings

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1. Demographic & Social Characteristics 1.1 Population Size & Projections Goulburn Valley Primary Care Partnership catchment area covers the local government areas of Greater Shepparton, Moira & Strathbogie. This document makes reference to Local Government Areas (LGAs), Statistical Local Areas (SLAs), Collection Districts (CDs) and state suburbs. Please refer to Appendix 1 for a detailed map of the SLA and LGA boundaries.

Estimated Resident Population In June 2008, the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment had an estimated resident population of 99,621. Estimated Resident Population by Local Government Area (2009) Area June 2007 June 2008 Change 07-08 Greater Shepparton 60,162 61,014 1.4% Moira 28,424 28,752 1.2% Strathbogie 9,781 9,855 0.8% GVPCP Catchment 98,367 99,621 1.3% Victoria 5,221,310 5,313,823 1.8% ABS Census Data (2006) www.abs.gov.au

Population Projections Population projections are not predictions of the future. They indicate possible future populations if the present identified demographic and social trends continue. Based on the Victorian in Future Forecast, the population of the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment would reach 111,309 by 2021. Most population growth would occur in Greater Shepparton. LGA Year 2011 2016 2021 2026 Greater Shepparton 63,208 66,368 69,139 71,606 Moira 29,516 30,728 31,859 32,964 Strathbogie 9,856 10,081 10,311 10,562 Total GVPCP region 102,580 107, 177 111,309 115,132 Department of Planning & Community Development, Victoria in Future (2008) www.dse.vic.gov.au/victoriainfuture

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Indigenous Population In 2006, an estimated 3.2% of Greater Shepparton, 1.1% of Moira and 0.8% of Strathbogie residents were of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin compared to 0.6% across Victoria. 27.5% of indigenous persons residing in Greater Shepparton were in the 5 – 14 year age bracket. Similarly, 24.9% of indigenous persons residing in Moira Shire were in the 5 – 14 year age bracket. 28.6% of indigenous persons residing in the Strathbogie Shire were in the 45 – 64 year age bracket.

Age Distribution Indigenous (2006) 0 – 4 years 5 – 14 years 15- 24 years 25 – 44 years 45- 64 years 65 years + Total LGA Number Number % Indigenous Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %

Greater Shepparton 242 13.3 501 27.5 350 19.2 446 24.5 227 12.5 55 3 1,821 57,089 3.2 Moira 48 15.5 77 24.9 61 19.7 58 18.8 45 14.6 20 6.5 309 27,082 1.1 Strathbogie 8 10.4 11 14.3 11 14.3 20 26 22 28.6 5 6.5 78 9,294 0.8 Victoria 3,583 11.9 7,539 25 5,665 18.8 7,843 26 4,299 14.3 1,211 4 30,140 4,932,423 0.6 Social Health Atlas of Australian Local Government Areas (2009) www.publichealth.gov.au

Median Age

In 2006, the median age of indigenous persons in Greater Shepparton & Moira was 19 compared to 29 for Strathbogie and 21 for Victoria (ABS Census 2006).

The following maps provide a visual representation of the percentage of indigenous population by Collection District (CD) in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment.

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Age Structure Data from the 2006 Census indicates that Strathbogie has a lower proportion of the population in the 0-4, 5 - 14, 15-24 & 25-54 year age brackets compared to Victoria. Strathbogie & Moira has a higher proportion of the population in the 55-64 & 65 years and over age bracket compared to Victoria.

Age Structure of Population (2006) Greater Moira Strathbogie Victoria GVPCP Catchment Age Shepparton % of % of % of % of Groups % of total number number total number total number total number total persons persons persons persons persons 0 -4 yrs 3,771 6.6 1,630 6 454 4.9 305,941 6.2 5,855 6.3 5 – 14 yrs 8,896 15.6 3,869 14.3 1,103 11.9 644,452 13.1 13,868 14.8 15 – 24 yrs 7,370 12.9 2,958 10.9 837 9.0 673,893 13.7 11,165 11.9 25 – 54 yrs 23,015 40.3 9,844 36.3 3,327 35.8 2,098,745 42.5 36,186 38.7 55 – 64 yrs 6,172 10.8 3,474 12.8 1,514 16.3 534,486 10.8 11,160 11.9 65 yrs + 7,862 13.8 5,312 19.6 2,061 22.2 674,906 13.7 15,235 16.3 Total 57,086 100 27,087 100 9,296 100 4,932,422 100 93,469 100 ABS Census Data (2006) www.abs.gov.au

Gender Person Characteristics (2006) LGA Females Males Total Number % Number % Number Greater Shepparton 28,899 50.6 28,190 49.4 57,089 Moira 13,568 50.1 13,519 49.9 27,087 Strathbogie 4,675 50.3 4,620 49.7 9,295 ABS Census Data (2006) www.abs.gov.au

Median Age In 2006, the median age of persons in Moira was 42 and Strathbogie was 47 compared to 37 as the median age for Victoria. Greater Shepparton was slightly lower with a median age of 36.

Median Age 50 47 42 40 36 37 30 20 10 0 Greater Victoria Moira Strathbogie Shepparton

ABS Census Data (2006) www.abs.gov.au

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Population aged 0-4 years In 2006, 6.6% of Greater Shepparton, 6.0% of Moira, and 4.9% of Strathbogie’s population were aged 0 – 4 years. 7.2% of Greater Shepparton’s population were aged 0-4 years which is higher than the Victorian figure of 6.2%. Only 2.5% of the population residing in Violet Town belonged to this age bracket.

2006 Population aged 0-4years Number % of Area Population Cobram 358 6.5% Yarrawonga 360 5.9% Nathalia 77 5.4% Numurkah 262 5.6% Moira (LGA) 1,630 6.0% Violet Town 24 2.5% Euroa 177 5.5% Nagambie 94 4.9% Strathbogie (LGA) 454 4.9% Murchison 83 5.1 Tatura 244 5.6% Mooroopna 485 6.7% Shepparton 1,992 7.2% Greater Shepparton (LGA) 3,771 6.6%

Victoria 305,941 6.2% ABS Census Data (2006) www.abs.gov.au Percentage of Population Aged 0 - 4 years

8.0% 7.2% 6.5% 6.6% 6.7% 7.0% 6.2% 5.9% 6.0% 6.0% 5.4% 5.5% 5.6% 5.6% 4.9% 4.9% 5.1% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0%

ABS Census 2006 www.abs.gov.au

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Population aged 15 – 24 years In 2006, 12.9% of Greater Shepparton, 10.9% of Moira, and 9% of Strathbogie’s population were aged 15-24 years compared to the Victorian figure of 13.7%. Shepparton was close to the Victorian figure with 13.6% of the population in the 15-24 year age bracket.

Number % of Area Population Cobram 626 11.3%

Yarrawonga 600 9.8%

Nathalia 156 10.9%

Numurkah 530 11.4%

Moira (LGA) 2,958 10.9%

Violet Town 82 8.6% Euroa 311 9.6% Nagambie 189 9.8% Strathbogie (LGA) 837 9.0% Murchison 165 10.1% Tatura 488 11.2% Mooroopna 916 12.7% Shepparton 3,781 13.6% Greater Shepparton (LGA) 7,370 12.9%

Victoria 673,893 13.7%

ABS Census Data (2006) www.abs.gov.au

Percentage of Population aged 15 - 24 years 16% 13.6% 13.7% 14% 12.7% 12.9% 11.4% 12% 11.3% 10.1% 10.9% 10.9% 11.2% 9.6% 9.8% 9.8% 10% 9.0% 8.6% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%

ABS Census 2006 www.abs.gov.au

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Population aged 65 years and over In 2006, 22.2% of Strathbogie’s population was aged 65 years and over compared to 13.8% for Greater Shepparton and 19.6% for Moira. 28% of Nathalia’s population were aged 65 years and over compared to 13.7% for Victoria.

2006 Population aged 65+ Number % of Area Population Cobram 1,162 21.0 Yarrawonga 1,576 25.8 Nathalia 401 28.0 Numurkah 979 21.1 Moira (LGA) 5,312 19.6 Violet Town 246 25.8 Euroa 843 26.2 Nagambie 415 21.6 Strathbogie (LGA) 2,061 22.2 Murchison 277 17.0 Tatura 777 17.8 Mooroopna 1,005 14.0 Shepparton 4,111 14.8 Greater Shepparton (LGA) 7,862 13.8

Victoria 674,906 13.7 ABS Census Data (2006) www.abs.gov.au

Percentage of Population Aged 65+

30.0% 28.0% 25.8% 25.8% 26.2%

25.0% 22.2% 21.0% 21.1% 21.6% 19.6% 20.0% 17.0% 17.8% 14.8% 15.0% 13.7% 13.8% 14.0%

10.0%

5.0%

0.0%

ABS Census Data (2006) www.abs.gov.au

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1.2 Culture & Language Country of Birth Data from 2006 Census indicates that most residents in the GVPCP catchment were born in Australia. For Greater Shepparton the most common countries of birth after Australia were Italy (1.9%), England (1.4%), New Zealand (0.9%), Albania (0.6%) and Turkey (0.6%). For Moira Shire the most common countries of birth after Australia were England (2.0%), New Zealand (1.4%), Italy (1.1%), Scotland (0.5%) and Netherlands (0.5%). For Strathbogie Shire the most common countries of birth after Australia were England (3.0%), New Zealand (0.7%), Germany (0.6%), Netherlands (0.4%) and Italy (.03%).

Country of Birth, Top 6 Main Responses in Selected Region (2006) LGA Country Number % of total persons in region Greater Shepparton 1. Australia 47,345 82.9% 2. Italy 1,090 1.9% 3. England 803 1.4% 4. New Zealand 526 0.9% 5. Albania 366 0.6% 6. Turkey 345 0.6%

Moira 1. Australia 23,234 85.8% 2. England 553 2.0% 3. New Zealand 366 1.4% 4. Italy 292 1.1% 5. Scotland 138 0.5% 6. Netherlands 134 0.5%

Strathbogie 1. Australia 7,983 85.9% 2. England 282 3.0% 3. New Zealand 62 0.7% 4. Germany 53 0.6% 5. Netherlands 39 0.4% 6. Italy 32 0.3% ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

The following maps provide a visual representation on the percentage of the population that were born overseas by Collection Districts in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment.

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Language Spoken at Home Data from the 2006 Census indicates that the proportion of the population residing in Greater Shepparton, Moira & Strathbogie who spoke only English at home was higher than the Victorian figure.

Language Spoken at Home, Main Responses (2006) LGA Language Number % of total persons in region Greater Shepparton 1. English only spoken at home 48,691 85.3% 2. Italian 1,753 3.1% 3. Arabic 712 1.2% 4. Turkish 625 1.1% 5. Albanian 491 0.9% 6. Greek 272 0.5%

Moira 1. English only spoken at home 24,830 91.7% 2. Italian 502 1.9% 3. Arabic 242 0.9% 4. Dutch 52 0.2% 5. German 29 0.1% 6. Cantonese 28 0.1%

Strathbogie 1. English only spoken at home 8,686 93.4% 2. Italian 38 0.4% 3. German 27 0.3% 4. Greek 23 0.2% 5. Hakka 15 0.2% 6. Tagalog 15 0.2%

Victoria 1. English only spoken at home 3,668,284 74.4% ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

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1.3 Socioeconomic Status Individual Income In 2006, the median weekly individual income for persons ages 15 years and over who were usual residents in Greater Shepparton, Moira and Strathbogie was lower than the Victorian median of $456.

Median Individual Income (Weekly), 15 years & over (2006) Area Individual Greater Shepparton $426 Moira Shire $379 Strathbogie $376 Victoria $456 ABS Census 2006 www.abs.gov.au

Median Individual Income (Weekly), 15 years & over (2006) LGA State Suburb Individual Cobram $373 Yarrawonga $369 Moira Nathalia $352 Numurkah $386 Murchison $375 Tatura $406 Greater Shepparton Mooroopna $412 Shepparton $415 Euroa $377 Violet Town $351 Strathbogie Nagambie $382 Avenel $422 ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

Household Income The median weekly household income for persons aged 15 years and over who were usual residents in Greater Shepparton, Moira and Strathbogie was lower than the Victorian median of $1,022. Euroa had a median weekly household income of $629 which is considerably lower than the Victorian median.

Median Household Income (Weekly), 15 years & over (2006) Area Household Greater Shepparton $886 Moira Shire $740 Strathbogie $681 Victoria $1,022 ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

Median Household Income (Weekly), 15 years & over (2006) LGA State Suburb Household Cobram $676 Yarrawonga $712 Moira Nathalia $617 Numurkah $723 Murchison $721 Tatura $885 Greater Shepparton Mooroopna $784 Shepparton $809 Euroa $629 Violet Town $653 Strathbogie Nagambie $691 Avenel $830 ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

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Family Income The median weekly family income for persons aged 15 years and over who were usual residents in Greater Shepparton, Moira and Strathbogie was lower than the Victorian median of $1,170. Nathalia had a median weekly family income of $811 which is considerably lower than the Victorian median.

Median Family Income (Weekly), 15 years & over (2006) Area Family Greater Shepparton $1,063 Moira Shire $971 Strathbogie $938 Victoria $1,170 ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

Median Family Income (Weekly), 15 years & over (2006) LGA State Suburb Family Cobram $912 Yarrawonga $910 Moira Nathalia $811 Numurkah $966 Murchison $900 Tatura $1,060 Greater Shepparton Mooroopna $1,027 Shepparton $1,018 Euroa $891 Violet Town $905 Strathbogie Nagambie $989 Avenel $1,047 ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

Unemployment Unemployment figures for the December Quarter 2008 indicate that there were 2,597 unemployed people residing the GVPCP catchment. Greater Shepparton Part B East had the lowest unemployment rate (1.8%) and Greater Shepparton Part A had the highest (6.9%) for the GVPCP catchment. The unemployment rate in the GVPCP catchment (5.4%) was higher than the Victorian rate (4.4%).

Number of Unemployed and Unemployment Rates by SLA (December Quarter 2008) Unemployment (number) Unemployment (rate) Total Labour Statistical Local Area Sept 2008 Dec 2008 Sept 2008 Dec 2008 Force Greater Shepparton (C) Part A 1,566 1,599 6.6 6.9 23,115 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B East 44 46 1.8 1.9 2,429 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B West 176 180 3.7 3.8 4,678 Total Greater Shepparton 1825 6.0% 30,222 Moira (S) East 185 192 4.6 5.0 3,871 Moira (S) West 402 418 4.2 4.5 9,342 Total Moira 610 4.6% 13,213 Strathbogie 161 162 3.4 3.5 4,660 Total GVPCP Catchment 2,597 5.4% 48,095 Victoria 123,100 122,100 4.5 4.4% 2,761,400 Small Area Labour Markets December Quarter (2008) www.workplace.gov.au

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Industry of Employment In 2006, a high proportion of the labour force residing in Moira (20.6%) and Strathbogie (21.6%) were working in agriculture, forestry and fishing.

Industry of Employment (2006) Greater Moira Strathbogie GVPCP Industry Shepparton Number % Number % Number % Number % Agriculture, forestry & fishing 2,555 10 2,383 20.6 880 21.6 5,818 14.1 Mining 37 0.1 16 0 12 0.3 65 0.2 Manufacturing 3,422 13.4 1,806 15.6 491 12 5,719 14 Electricity, gas, water & waste services 493 1.9 115 1 21 0.5 629 1.5 Construction 1,885 7.4 838 7.2 285 7 3,008 7.3 Wholesale Trade 1,043 4.1 342 3 121 3 1,506 3.7 Retail Trade 3,376 13.2 1,284 11 324 8 4,984 12.1 Accommodation & Food Services 1,263 5 810 7 210 5.2 2,283 5.5 Transport, postal& warehousing 1,045 4.1 462 4 234 5.8 1,741 4.2 Information media & 316 1.2 65 0.6 46 1 427 1 telecommunications Financial & insurance services 555 2.2 158 1.4 53 1.3 766 1.8 Rental, hiring & real estate services 238 0.9 110 1 24 0.6 372 1 Professional, scientific & technical 952 3.7 273 2.4 131 3.2 1,356 3.3 services Administrative & support services 687 2.7 226 2 79 1.9 992 2.4 Public administration & safety 1,012 4 296 2.6 230 5.7 1,538 3.7 Education & training 1,878 7.4 611 5.3 268 6.6 2,757 6.7 Healthcare & Social assistance 3,069 12 1,118 9.7 366 9 4,553 11.1 Arts & recreation services 183 0.7 65 0.6 48 1.2 296 0.7 Other services 932 3.7 359 3 108 2.7 1,399 3.4 Inadequately described/Not stated 576 2.3 238 2 138 3.4 952 2.3 Total 25,517 100 11,575 100 4,069 100 41,161 100 ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

Occupation 2006 Census data on occupations held by the labour force residing in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment indicates that there were a higher proportion of labourers and managers compared to Victoria overall. The Goulburn Valley PCP catchment has a lower proportion of professionals (13.8%) compared to Victoria (20.8%).

Occupation- Major Groups, Persons aged 15 years & over (2006) Greater Moira Strathbogie GVPCP Victoria Occupation Shepparton Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Clerical & Admin Workers 3071 12 1035 9 389 9.6 4495 10.9 337418 14.8 Community & Personal 2044 8 885 7.6 318 7.8 3247 7.9 190486 8.4 Service Workers Labourers 3784 14.8 2079 18 691 17 6554 15.9 224543 9.9 Machinery Operators & 1829 7.2 823 7.1 285 7 2937 7.1 149223 6.6 Drivers Managers 4140 16.2 2742 23.7 967 23.8 7849 19.1 306321 13.5 Professionals 3957 15.5 1213 10.5 501 12.3 5671 13.8 472306 20.8 Sales Workers 2718 10.7 975 8.4 256 6.3 3949 9.6 230373 10 Technicians & Trade 3491 13.7 1625 14 569 14 5685 13.8 319191 14 Workers Inadequately 482 1.9 195 1.7 89 2.2 766 1.9 44585 2 Described/Not Stated Total 25,516 100 11,572 100 4,065 100 41,153 100 2274446 100 ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

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Social Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) SEIFA is a measure of Australian socio-economic wellbeing and is designed to compare the socio-economic status of areas at a given point in time.

The SEIFA Index of Relative Social-Economic Disadvantage is derived from 2006 Census variable data such as low income, unemployment, low educational attainment and dwellings without motor vehicles. A low SEIFA score indicates that area is relatively disadvantaged compared to an area with a higher score.

The table below provides a SEIFA score for each local government area and a ranking in Victoria starting from most the most disadvantaged to least disadvantaged. Greater Shepparton & Strathbogie has a SEIFA score of 968 and Moira has a score of 971.

Local Government Area (LGA) Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage, 2006 LGA Score Rank in Victoria Greater Dandenong (C) 894 1 Central Goldfields (S) 907 2 Brimbank (C) 930 3 Loddon (S) 942 4 Pyrenees (S) 944 5 Northern Grampians (S) 946 6 Maribyrnong (C) 949 7 Latrobe (C) 951 8 Yarriambiack (S) 953 9 Hindmarsh (S) 955 10 Ararat (RC) 956 11 Mildura (RC) 958 12 Swan Hill (RC) 959 13 Glenelg (S) 962 14 East Gippsland (S) 963 15 Hume (C) 965 16 Benalla (RC) 967 17 Colac-Otway (S) 967 18 Greater Shepparton (C) 968 19 Strathbogie (S) 968 20 Buloke (S) 971 21 Moira (S) 971 22 Gannawarra (S) 971 23 Darebin (C) 972 24 Campaspe (S) 974 25 Wellington (S) 978 26 Whittlesea (C) 978 27 Bass Coast (S) 979 28 Hepburn (S) 980 29 Mount Alexander (S) 981 30 West Wimmera (S) 981 31 Ballarat (C) 983 32 Greater Bendigo (C) 984 33 Moreland (C) 987 34 Wangaratta (RC) 987 35 Alpine (S) 989 36 23 | P a g e

Corangamite (S) 990 37 Greater Geelong (C) 993 38 Wodonga (RC) 993 39 Horsham (RC) 993 40 Warrnambool (C) 993 41 Southern Grampians (S) 996 42 Frankston (C) 997 43 Hobsons Bay (C) 998 44 Towong (S) 1000 45 Mitchell (S) 1000 46 Baw Baw (S) 1001 47 South Gippsland (S) 1001 48 Murrindindi (S) 1006 49 Mansfield (S) 1008 50 Melton (S) 1010 51 Moorabool (S) 1012 52 Casey (C) 1012 53 Moyne (S) 1013 54 Moonee Valley (C) 1016 55 Indigo (S) 1016 56 Yarra (C) 1019 57 Wyndham (C) 1022 58 Unincorporated Vic 1022 59 Golden Plains (S) 1025 60 Mornington Peninsula (S) 1026 61 Cardinia (S) 1027 62 Kingston (C) 1030 63 Yarra Ranges (S) 1039 64 Maroondah (C) 1046 65 Banyule (C) 1047 66 Queenscliffe (B) 1049 67 Melbourne (C) 1049 68 Knox (C) 1050 69 Monash (C) 1053 70 Macedon Ranges (S) 1054 71 Whitehorse (C) 1055 72 Port Phillip (C) 1065 73 Surf Coast (S) 1065 74 Glen Eira (C) 1071 75 Manningham (C) 1081 76 Stonnington (C) 1088 77 Bayside (C) 1096 78 Nillumbik (S) 1104 79 Boroondara (C) 1104 80 ABS(2006) www.abs.gov.au

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SEIFA Population Distributions SEIFA scores alone for Local Government Areas do not always provide an accurate picture of an area due to diversity that exists within large communities. A useful way to show the advantage or disadvantage within large communities is to look at the distribution of the population by Census Collection District SEIFA scores. Greater Shepparton has 81.2% of persons residing in CDs with a SEIFA score below the Australian mean of 1000 (meaning that those CDs are relatively disadvantaged), compared with 46.5% of persons in Victoria. Moira has 96.6% of persons residing in CDs with a SEIFA score below the Australian mean of 1000. Strathbogie has 86.8% of persons residing in CDs with a SEIFA score below the Australia mean of 1000.

SEIFA Population Distributions for LGAs (2006) Index of Relative Socio-Economic Advantage & Disadvantage Greater Shepparton: Percent distribution of usual residents across CD scores

% people Greater Shepparton (C) 25% Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage for CD 20%

15%

10%

750

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550

450 500 850

650 950

800

600 900

1150

1100

1300

1250 1050 1200 1000 Moira: Percent distribution of usual residents across CD scores % people Moira (S) 30% Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage for CD 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

750

700

550

500 850

450

650 950

800

600 900

1150

1100

1300

1050 1250 1200 V 1000

Strathbogie: Percent distribution of usual residents across CD scores

% people Strathbogie (S) 35% Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage for CD 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

750

700

550

450 500 850

650 950

800 900

600

1150

1100

1300

1050 1250

1200 1000

CDs with this range of scores are in the 2nd to 9th decile for Australia (approx.)

CDs with this range of scores are in the highest decile for Australia (approx.) CDs with this range of scores are in the lowest decile for Australia (approx.)

ABS (2006) www.abs.gov.au 25 | P a g e

1.4 Education & Literacy

Level of Education Attained 2006 Census data indicates that Greater Shepparton, Moira & Strathbogie had a lower proportion of the population who had completed Year 12 than the Victorian average.

Highest Year of School Completed, Persons aged 15 years & over (2006) Greater Shepparton Moira Strathbogie Victoria Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Yr 12 or equivalent 5888 27.2 7,267 32.0 2,168 20.2 3,098 28.5 938 24.7 1,215 30.8 829,698 42.9 922,605 45.0 Yr 11 or equivalent 3,729 17.2 3,827 16.8 1,782 16.6 1,825 16.8 624 16.5 648 16.4 272,641 14.1 276,171 13.5 Yr 10 or equivalent 4,692 21.6 4,504 19.8 2,749 25.7 2,429 22.3 875 23.1 831 21.1 323,055 16.7 307,895 15.0 Yr 9 or equivalent 2,527 11.7 2,230 9.8 1,416 13.2 1,187 10.9 472 12.5 406 10.3 146,833 7.6 141,299 6.9 Yr 8 or below 2,439 11.2 2,461 10.8 1,436 13.4 1,193 11.0 462 12.2 415 10.5 152,396 7.9 181,688 8.9 Did not go to school 212 1.0 267 1.2 59 0.6 49 0.5 16 0.4 15 0.4 18,241 0.9 25,386 1.2 Not stated 2,199 10.1 2,178 9.6 1,100 10.3 1,095 10.1 404 10.7 417 10.6 190,024 9.8 194,102 9.5 Total 21,686 100.0 22,734 100.0 10,710 100.0 10,876 100.0 3,791 100.0 3,947 100.0 1,932,888 100.0 2,049,146 100.0 ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

Non- School Qualifications The table below describes the level of education of the highest completed non-school qualification for males and females (aged over 15 years) in Greater Shepparton, Moira, Strathbogie and Victoria. In 2006, males and females with non school qualifications residing Greater Shepparton, Moira & Strathbogie were more likely to have a certificate qualification and less likely to have a postgraduate qualification compared to Victoria. Non School Qualification Level of Education by Sex, Persons aged 15 yrs + (2006) Greater Shepparton Moira Strathbogie Victoria Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Postgraduate Degree, nfd 6 0% 7 0% 3 0% 0 0% 6 1% 3 0% 1,045 0% 1,365 0% Doctoral Degree 60 1% 26 0% 0 0% 6 0% 7 1% 3 0% 12,756 2% 6,919 1% Master Degree 148 2% 118 2% 32 1% 40 2% 12 1% 29 3% 38,724 5% 28,693 5% Graduate Diploma 172 3% 324 6% 44 1% 110 5% 27 2% 44 5% 21,171 3% 34,722 6% Graduate Certificate 13 0% 31 1% 9 0% 10 0% 0 0% 0 0% 2,127 0% 3,802 1% Bachelor Degree 1,044 15% 1,565 28% 296 10% 551 23% 147 13% 240 25% 190,997 26% 213,000 36% Advanced Diploma & Diploma, nfd 8 0% 7 0% 3 0% 4 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1,056 0% 1304 0% Advanced Diploma & Associate Degree 359 5% 461 8% 153 5% 212 9% 80 7% 120 12% 45,815 6% 54,552 9% Diploma 381 6% 512 9% 152 5% 204 9% 54 5% 98 10% 49,852 7% 55,850 9% Certificate, nfd 143 2% 249 5% 69 2% 122 5% 28 3% 44 5% 15,082 2% 23,418 4% Certificate III & IV(d) 3,725 55% 1,297 24% 1932 63% 652 27% 589 54% 211 22% 293,766 40% 93,076 16% Certificate I & II(e) 117 2% 223 4% 62 2% 122 5% 25 2% 53 5% 9,322 1% 17,001 3% ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

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Highest Year of School Completed The proportion of 15 – 19 year olds (both male & female) residing in Greater Shepparton, Moira & Strathbogie that completed Year 12 or equivalent was lower than the Victorian average.

Highest Year of School Completed, 15 – 19 year olds (2006) MALES Greater Shepparton Moira Strathbogie Victoria Number % Number % Number % Number % Yr 12 or eqivalent 374 18.1 133 13.8 52 18.3 44,340 25.8 Yr 11 or equivalent 416 20.2 183 19.0 59 20.8 33,846 19.7 Yr 10 or equivalent 521 25.3 299 31.0 70 24.6 39,595 23.1 Yr 9 or equivalent 391 19.0 172 17.8 60 21.1 26,848 15.6 Yr 8 or below 154 7.5 76 7.9 10 3.5 9,313 5.4 Did not go to school 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 231 0.1 Not stated 207 10.0 102 10.6 33 11.6 17,401 10.1 Total 2,063 100.0 965 100.0 284 100.0 171,574 100.0 FEMALES: Yr 12 or eqivalent 472 23.1 174 20.6 47 19.6 50,732 31.0 Yr 11 or equivalent 400 19.5 171 20.2 41 17.1 32,284 19.7 Yr 10 or equivalent 473 23.1 227 26.8 68 28.3 34,581 21.1 Yr 9 or equivalent 355 17.3 138 16.3 44 18.3 23,394 14.3 Yr 8 or below 117 5.7 53 6.3 13 5.4 6,947 4.2 Did not go to school 9 0.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 171 0.1 Not stated 221 10.8 83 9.8 27 11.3 15,498 9.5 Total 2,047 100.0 846 100.0 240 100.0 163,607 100.0 ALL PERSONS Yr 12 or eqivalent 846 20.6 307 17.0 99 18.9 95,072 28.4 Yr 11 or equivalent 816 19.9 354 19.5 100 19.1 66,130 19.7 Yr 10 or equivalent 994 24.2 526 29.0 138 26.3 74,176 22.1 Yr 9 or equivalent 746 18.2 310 17.1 104 19.8 50,242 15.0 Yr 8 or below 271 6.6 129 7.1 23 4.4 16,260 4.9 Did not go to school 9 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 402 0.1 Not stated 428 10.4 185 10.2 60 11.5 32,899 9.8 Total 4,110 100.0 1,811 100.0 524 100.0 335,181 100.0 ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

Retention Rates In 2008, the Apparent Retention Rate (ARR) for years 7 – 12 in the Hume region was 61.4% and for year 10 – 12 was 67.6%. These rates are lower than the non-metropolitan regions. Schools, Students apparent retention (ARR) and class sizes by region (Feb 2008) Region February 2008 Feb 1999 Feb 2008 Schools Students (FTE) ARR Average Class Size 10 - 12 7 -12 P-2 All Prim P-2 All Prim Western Metro 143 69,511.7 81.1 82.3 25.1 26.1 21.0 22.8 Northern Metro 199 77,938.0 88.0 87.0 25.1 26.2 21.0 22.4 Eastern Metro 248 104,729.4 85.3 84.5 25.2 26.3 21.1 22.8 Southern Metro 247 118,206.0 79.5 82.8 25.3 26.3 21.1 22.8 Barwon Sth Western 140 40,255.3 72.2 68.5 23.2 24.3 20.2 21.9 Grampians 131 25,556.1 71.6 66.2 22.7 23.7 19.0 20.6 Loddon Mallee 166 39,562.8 78.0 72.8 22.8 24.0 19.8 21.3 Hume 162 32,468.7 67.6 61.4 22.7 23.9 19.0 20.7 Gippsland 151 29,843.2 69.9 64.1 22.4 23.8 19.6 21.0 Metro 837 370,430.1 83.3 84.1 25.2 26.3 21.1 22.7 Non-Metro 750 167,686.1 72.2 67.0 22.8 23.9 19.6 21.2 Total 1587 538,116.2 79.7 78.2 24.3 25.4 20.6 22.2 Department of Education & Early Childhood Development (2008) www.education.vic.gov.au

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Destinations of School Leavers (15 – 19years) This data is derived from the 2006 ABS Census about the level of engagement in work and/or study for 15 – 19 year olds who are not attending school. In the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment, the local government area of Greater Shepparton had the highest percentage of disengaged 15-19 year old school leavers (24.6%) compared to the Victorian State average of 15.4%.

Destinations of School Leavers (2006) Engaged Disengaged Area (involved in full time work and/or study) (not involved in work or study at all) Greater Shepparton 55.4% 24.6% Moira 63.1% 20.2% Strathbogie 63.6% 19.6% Hume 62.3% 19.8% Victoria 71.9% 15.4% Community Indicators Victoria (2006) www.communityindicators.net.au

Australian Early Development Index (AEDI) The Australian Early Development Index is a population measure of children’s development in local communities. Five key developmental domains are measured and include physical health & wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language & cognitive skills, communication skills & general knowledge. Local communities in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment were mapped in 2009.

Visit www.rch.org.au/aedi to access this data online.

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1.5 Living Arrangements Family Composition 2006 ABS Census data indicates that Moira Shire (45.5%) and Strathbogie Shire (51.1%) had a higher proportion of couple family with no children than the Victorian average (36.9%). Greater Shepparton (45.2%), Moira (40.6%) and Strathbogie (35.2%) had a lower proportion of couple families with children compared the Victorian average (46.9%). Greater Shepparton Moira Strathbogie Victoria Family Composition Number of % of all No. of % of all No. of % of all No. of % of All Families Families Families Families Families Families Families Families Couple family with no children 5,562 37.0 3,346 45.5 1,314 51.1 464,896 35.9 Couple family with: children under 15 and: dependent students and non-dependent children 148 1.0 82 1.1 20 0.8 10,743 0.8 dependent students and no non-dependent children 789 5.3 390 5.3 104 4.0 64,856 5.0 no dependent students and non-dependent children 233 1.6 107 1.5 30 1.2 17,019 1.3 no dependent students and no non-dependent children 3,655 24.3 1,582 21.5 471 18.3 313,684 24.2 Total 4,825 32.1 2,161 29.4 625 24.3 406,302 31.4 no children under 15 and: dependent students and non-dependent children 285 1.9 124 1.7 28 1.1 34,082 2.6 dependent students with no non-dependent children 518 3.4 197 2.7 84 3.3 51,870 4.0 no dependent students and non-dependent children 1,165 7.8 503 6.8 168 6.5 114,261 8.8 Total 1,968 13.1 824 11.2 280 10.9 200,213 15.5

Total 6,793 45.2 2,985 40.6 905 35.2 606,515 46.9 One parent family with: children under 15 and: dependent students and non-dependent children 31 0.2 13 0.2 9 0.3 2,531 0.2 dependent students and no non-dependent children 196 1.3 55 0.7 31 1.2 14,994 1.2 no dependent students and non-dependent children 121 0.8 39 0.5 13 0.5 6,958 0.5 no dependent students and no non-dependent children 1,244 8.3 423 5.7 124 4.8 78,711 6.1 Total 1,592 10.6 530 7.2 177 6.9 103,194 8.0 no children under 15 and: dependent students and non-dependent children 78 0.5 20 0.3 10 0.4 8,053 0.6 dependent students with no non-dependent children 171 1.1 62 0.8 33 1.3 20,147 1.6 no dependent students and non-dependent children 638 4.2 326 4.4 112 4.4 67,609 5.2 Total 887 5.9 408 5.5 155 6.0 95,809 7.4 Total 2,479 16.5 938 12.7 332 12.9 199,003 15.4 Other family 186 1.2 90 1.2 22 0.9 23,972 1.9 Total Families 15,020 100.0 7,359 100.0 2,573 100.0 1,294,386 100.0

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People Living Alone In 2006, there were 8,787 people living alone in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment. Of these, 4,990 lived in Greater Shepparton, 2,630 lived in Moira and 1,167 lived in Strathbogie. There were a high proportion of people living alone in Nathalia (16%) and Euroa (16%) compared to Victoria (10%).

Proportion of Lone Person Households (2006) Area Number % Cobram 621 12 Yarrawonga 632 11 Nathalia 203 16 Numurkah 522 12 Moira (LGA) 2,630 10 Violet Town 119 14 Euroa 461 16 Nagambie 257 14 Strathbogie (LGA) 1,167 14 Murchison 137 10 Tatura 373 9 Mooroopna 771 11 Shepparton 2,850 11 Greater Shepparton (LGA) 4,990 9

Victoria 443,639 10 ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

Percentage of Lone Households

18 16 16 16 14 14 14 14 12 12 11 11 11 12 10 10 10 10 9 9 8 6 4 2 0

ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

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Social Housing In 2006, there were a total of 1,106 dwellings (20% of all renting households) in Greater Shepparton and 384 dwellings (17% of all renting households) in Moira Shire that were rented from a State Government Housing Authority, a housing co-operative, or a community/church group. This is higher than the Victorian average of 14%.

Number of Private Dwellings Being Rented by Landlord Type (2006) Local Government State Government Housing Cooperative, Percentage of all Total Area Housing Authority community/church group renting households Greater Shepparton 966 140 1,106 20% Moira 361 23 384 17% Strathbogie 71 15 86 12% Victoria 54,523 7,467 61,990 14% ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

Rental Stress Data from the 2006 ABS Census indicates that Greater Shepparton – Part A, Moira – East and Strathbogie had a higher rate of households experiencing rental stress than the Victorian average.

Households Experiencing Rental Stress (2006) Low income Rented Private % of rental stress Area households* Dwellings Greater Shepparton – Part A 1,368 4,740 28.9 Greater Shepparton – Part B (east) 30 182 16.5 Greater Shepparton – Part B (west) 146 597 24.5 Moira – East 192 729 26.3 Moira - West 377 1,549 24.3 Strathbogie 183 712 25.7 Country Victoria 31,151 116,233 26.8 Victoria 109,633 447,070 24.5 * Includes households in the bottom 40% of income distribution (with less than 80% of median income), spending more than 30% of income on rent. A Social Health Atlas of Australia (2008) www.publichealth.gov.au

Mortgage Stress Data from the 2006 ABS Census indicates that all SLAs in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment had a higher proportion of households experiencing mortgage stress compared to Country Victoria and Victoria. Greater Shepparton Part B (west) had the highest proportion of households experiencing mortgage stress in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment.

Households experiencing mortgage stress (2006) Low income Mortgaged private % of mortgage Area households* dwellings stress Greater Shepparton – Part A 544 5,547 9.8 Greater Shepparton – Part B (east) 56 513 10.9 Greater Shepparton – Part B (west) 138 1,081 12.8 Moira – East 118 982 12.0 Moira - West 280 2,226 12.6 Strathbogie 117 1,080 10.8 Country Victoria 15,925 167,673 9.5 Victoria 58,238 634,802 9.2 * Includes households in the bottom 40% of income distribution (with less than 80% of median income), spending more than30% of income on mortgage repayments. A Social Health Atlas of Australia (2008) www.publichealth.gov.au

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Disability The ABS Census defines Core Activity Need for Assistance as 'those people needing help or assistance in one or more of the three core activity areas of self-care, mobility and communication, because of a long-term health condition (lasting six months or more), a disability (lasting six months or more), or old age' (ABS Census Dictionary 2006). In 2006, 2429 residents of Greater Shepparton needed assistance in one or more of the three core activity areas due to a long-term health condition, disability or old age. This represented 4% of the total population. In Moira Shire, 1,467 residents needed assistance with the same core activities, representing 5% of the population. In Strathbogie Shire, 514 residents needed assistance, representing 6% of the population. The proportion of the population in Moira & Strathbogie that required assistance in one or more of the three core activity areas was higher compared to Victoria.

Core Activity Need for Assistance by Age by Sex (2006) Greater Shepparton Moira Strathbogie Victoria Age Group Need for % of Need for % of total Need for % of total Need for % of assistance total pop assistance Pop assistance Pop assistance total pop MALES 0-4 years 22 1 11 1 0 0 1,665 1 5-14 years 121 3 35 2 14 2 8,545 3 15-19 years 37 2 25 3 5 2 2,945 2 20-24 years 36 2 6 1 0 0 2,187 3

25-34 years 66 2 28 3 5 1 4,561 1

35-44 years 100 2 45 3 9 2 6,753 2

45-54 years 134 3 80 4 20 3 8,860 3

55-64 years 166 5 129 7 53 7 13,638 5

65-74 years 151 7 120 9 28 5 12,955 8 75-84 years 194 16 147 16 49 15 18,777 18 85 years + 118 39 84 41 38 40 10,577 39 Total 1,145 4 720 5 221 5 91,463 4

FEMALES 0-4 years 10 1 5 1 0 0 985 1 5-14 years 70 2 24 1 9 2 4,252 1 15-19 years 24 1 5 1 5 2 1,848 1 20-24 years 27 2 14 2 6 4 1,747 1 25-34 years 64 2 30 2 3 1 3,835 1 35-44 years 98 2 43 2 14 2 6,402 2 45-54 years 133 3 48 3 21 3 9,555 3 55-64 years 130 4 82 5 36 5 12,401 5 65-74 years 150 7 86 6 27 5 15,188 8 75-84 years 309 19 195 20 71 18 31,596 23 85 years + 269 42 215 54 101 51 28,967 51 Total 1,284 4 747 6 293 6 116,770 5

PERSONS 0-4 years 32 1 16 1 0 0 2,650 1 5-14 years 191 2 59 2 23 2 12,797 2 15-19 years 61 1 30 2 10 2 4,793 1

20-24 years 63 2 20 2 6 2 3,934 1

25-34 years 130 2 68 3 8 1 8,396 1

35-44 years 198 2 88 2 23 2 13,155 2

45-54 years 267 3 128 3 41 3 18,415 3

55-64 years 296 5 211 6 89 6 26,039 5 65-74 years 301 7 206 7 55 5 28,143 8 75-84 years 503 18 342 18 120 17 50,373 21 85 years + 387 41 299 50 139 47 39,538 47 Total 2,429 4 1,467 5 514 6 208,233 4 ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

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1.6 Safety & Crime Accidents A total of 15 people were killed in road accidents in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment in 2007. In 2008, there were 171 people seriously injured in road accidents in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment.

Road Toll by Municipality (2007) Local Government Bicyclist Driver Motorcyclist Passenger Pedestrian Total Area Greater Shepparton 2 1 3 Moira 3 2 5 Strathbogie 3 4 7 Transport Accident Commission (2007) www.tacsafety.com.au

Serious Injuries by Municipality (2008) Local Government Bicyclist Driver Motorcyclist Passenger Pedestrian Total Area Greater Shepparton 4 54 7 26 9 100 Moira 2 27 8 8 2 47 Strathbogie 1 15 4 3 1 24 Transport Accident Commission (2008) www.tacsafety.com.au

Perception of Safety Perceptions of safety were measured in the Community Indicators Victoria Survey in 2007. When walking alone in their area during the day, 96% of Greater Shepparton residents, 98.6% of Moira residents and 97.7% of Strathbogie residents felt safe or very safe.

Walking alone in their local area during the day (2007) Area Percentage Greater Shepparton 96.0% Moira 98.6% Strathbogie 97.7% Hume 97.5% Victoria 96.0% Community Indicators Victoria (2007) www.communityindicators.net.au

Residents of Strathbogie shire felt the most safest when walking alone in their local area at night compared to residents of Greater Shepparton and Moira. When walking alone at night only 59.6% of Greater Shepparton residents felt safe or very safe compared to 73.6% in the Hume region and the Victorian state average of 66.5%.

Walking alone in their local area at night (2007) Area Percentage Greater Shepparton 59.6% Moira 78.8% Strathbogie 84.2% Hume 73.6 % Victoria 66.5 % Community Indicators Victoria (2007) www.communityindicators.net.au

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Family Incidents In 2007/08 and 2008/09 the rate of family incidents per 100,000 population increased for Greater Shepparton and Moira however decreased for Strathbogie.

Recorded Family Incident Reports Rates per 100,000 population (2008/2009) Recorded Family Incidents Area 2007/2008 2008/2009 % Change Family Where charges Family Where charges Where IVO Family Where charges Where IVO Where IVO applied for Incidents laid Incidents laid applied for Incidents laid applied for Greater Shepparton 907.5 126.3 206.1 1003.0 181.9 155.7 10.5 44.0 -24.5 Moira 385.5 119.6 119.6 427.8 83.5 125.2 11.6 -30.2 4.7 Strathbogie 378.3 61.3 61.3 294.3 60.9 60.9 -22.2 -0.8 -0.8 Victoria 601.7 148.1 134.1 632.2 155.6 120.8 5.1 5.1 -9.9 Victoria Police – 2008/2009 Crime Statistics www.police.vic.gov.au

Crime Rates In 2007/08 and 2008/09, Greater Shepparton had a higher rate of crimes against person, crime against property, and other crime than the Victoria rate. The rate of drug offences per 100,000 population in Strathbogie was higher than the Victoria rate. Between 2007/08 and 2008/09, the overall crime rates decreased in Greater Shepparton and across Victoria. However, overall crime rates increased in Strathbogie and Moira.

Offences recorded by Local Government Area (2008/ 2009) Greater Shepparton Moira Strathbogie Victoria

Crime Rate per 100,000 population* Rate per 100,000 population Rate per 100,000 population Rate per 100,000 population % % % % 07/08 08/09 07/08 08/09 07/08 08/09 07/08 08/09 change change change change Crime Against Person (homicide, rape, sex (non rape), robbery, assault, 1,030.6 1,060.4 2.9 731.8 653.9 -10.6 429.4 639.3 48.9 821.2 819.6 -0.2 abduction/kidnap) Crime Against Property (arson, property damage, burglary (aggravated, residential, 5,709.6 5,620.0 -1.6 3,085.4 3,227.6 4.6 2,402.6 2,709.3 12.8 5,371.4 5,185.5 -3.5 other), deception, handle stolen goods, theft from motor, theft (shop steal), theft of motor vehicle, bicycle, other) Drug Offences 302.5 272.1 -10.1 256.8 205.2 -20.1 276.0 395.7 43.4 271.9 277.3 2.0 (cultivate, manufacture, trafficking, possess, use) Other Crime (going equipped to steal, justice procedures, regulated public 1,200.1 1,103.0 -8.1 605.1 615.6 1.7 633.9 842.2 32.9 744.5 805.4 8.2 orders, weapons/explosives, harassment, behaviour in public, other) Total 8,242.7 8,055.5 -2.3 4,679.1 4,702.3 0.5 3,741.9 4,586.5 22.6 7,208.9 7,087.9 -1.7 Victoria Police – 2008/2009 Crime Statistics www.police.vic.gov.au. *Rates for 2008/2009 were calculated using estimated resident population figures as at 30 June 2007 obtained from the ABS Statistics. The % Change column is the percentage change in the rate per 100,000 population from 2007/2008.

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1.7 Transport

Method of Travel to Work: The proportion of workforce in Greater Shepparton, Moira & Strathbogie that used public transport (train, bus, ferry or tram) to get to work on the day of the 2006 Census was lower compared to Victoria. The proportion of workforce who work from home was significantly higher in Moira (12.49%) and Strathbogie (12.59%) compared to Victoria (4.59%). Moira (6.88%) and Strathbogie (7.23%) had a higher proportion of the workforce walking to work compared to Victoria (3.54%).

Method of Travel to Work (2006) Greater Moira Strathbogie Victoria Shepparton One method: Number % Number % Number % Number % Train, Bus, Ferry or Tram 95 0.37 32 0.27 22 0.54 143,412 6.3 Bicycle 386 1.51 191 1.65 63 1.55 25,180 1.10 Motor Vehicle (driver or passenger)* 18,530 72.6 7,349 63.49 2,549 62.72 1,543,246 67.85 Walked only 1,271 4.9 797 6.88 294 7.23 80,539 3.54 Two Methods: Bus & Motor Vehicle (driver or 16 0.0 9 0.07 0 0 2365 0.10 passenger) Bus & Tram 0 0 0 0 3 0.07 2,092 0.09 Train & Motor Vehicle (driver or 0 0 6 0.05 3 0.07 24,698 1.08 passenger) Train & Tram 0 0 0 0 3 0.07 10,246 0.45 Three Methods: Train & 2 other methods 6 0.02 0 0 6 0.14 10,322 0.45 Bus & 2 other methods 3 0.01 0 0 0 0 492 0.02

Works at Home 1,650 6.46 1,446 12.49 512 12.59 104,403 4.59 *Includes car, trucks, taxi and scooters. ABS Census (2006) www.abs.gov.au

Transport Limitations In the 2007 Community Indicators Victoria Survey, respondents were asked if their day to day travel had been limited or restricted in the previous 12 months. In the previous year 31.2% of Strathbogie residents experienced transport limitations compared to the Victorian average of 20.3%.

Transport Limitations (2007) Area Percent Greater Shepparton 13.3% Moira 18.1% Strathbogie 31.2% Hume 20.2% Victoria 20.3% Community Indicators Victoria (2007) www.communityindicators.net.au

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2. Health Status 2.1 Mortality & Morbidity

Life Expectancy at Birth The life expectancy for a male born in Greater Shepparton in 2006 was 77.9 and for the Moira Shire was 75.8. These figures are significantly lower than the Victorian life expectancy. In addition, the Goulburn Valley PCP area had a life expectancy at birth for males below the state estimate of 80.0 years. The life expectancy for a female born in Greater Shepparton was 83.4 which is slightly lower than the state estimate of 84.3 years. The life expectancy for females born in Strathbogie (83) and Moira (84) is slightly lower than the state estimate of 84.3 years.

Life Expectancy at Birth (2006) Area Male Female Greater Shepparton 77.9 83.4 Moira 75.8 84 Strathbogie 78.2 83 Hume Region Victoria 78.9 84.4 Goulburn Valley PCP 78.5 85 Victoria 80.0 84.3 Department of Human Services, Victorian Government Health Information: Life expectancy at birth: Victoria (2002 – 2006) [Online] www.health.vic.gov.au/healthstatus/le-02-06.htm#maps

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Underlying Cause of Death In 2006, the most common cause of death for males residing in Greater Shepparton and Moira was neoplasms followed by diseases of the circulatory system. For males residing in Strathbogie, the most common cause of death was diseases of the circulatory system followed by neoplasms. For females in Greater Shepparton, Moira & Strathbogie the number one cause of death was diseases of the circulatory system followed by neoplasms.

Underlying Cause of Death (2007) Selected LGAs in Victoria (Usual Residence) and Sex: Cause of death Greater Shepparton (C) Moira (S) Strathbogie (S) Victoria Male Female Persons Male Female Persons Male Female Persons Male Female Persons Certain infectious and parasitic diseases 3 2 1 1 2 5 0 0 0 181 221 402 Neoplasms 74 46 120 47 41 88 15 16 31 5,686 4,561 10,247 Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism 0 0 0 1 0 4 2 0 1 56 65 121 Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases 15 11 26 3 8 11 4 3 4 690 813 1,503 Mental and behavioural disorders 1 8 11 1 1 5 1 2 1 549 972 1,521 Diseases of the nervous system 9 7 16 2 6 10 4 1 4 649 806 1,455 Diseases of the eye and adnexa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 Diseases of the ear and mastoid process 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 Diseases of the circulatory system 67 69 136 42 47 89 16 28 44 5,210 6,030 11,240 Diseases of the respiratory system 10 19 29 15 5 20 3 4 6 1,437 1,362 2,799 Diseases of the digestive system 6 9 15 7 6 13 3 1 2 581 589 1,170 Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue 0 4 1 0 2 3 0 0 0 26 47 73 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue 1 4 1 3 2 1 3 0 3 95 203 298 Diseases of the genitourinary system 3 1 7 3 4 2 0 2 4 362 482 844 Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 72 66 138 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 1 1 2 0 1 3 0 0 0 78 67 145 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified 1 3 4 1 1 4 0 0 0 125 87 212 Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 External causes of morbidity and mortality 27 3 30 11 4 14 6 0 6 1,139 620 1,759 All Causes 222 184 406 139 128 267 48 56 104 16,938 16,992 33,930 ABS Commissioned Data (2007) www.abs.gov.au. For more information about disease classifications refer to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD) www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/

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Burden of Disease Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) is the number of healthy years of life lost due to premature death and disability. A high DALY rate indicates poor health status of the population. Data from 2001 shows that Greater Shepparton, Moira & Strathbogie had poorer health status than the Victorian average.

Disability Adjusted Life Years Rates, All Causes Males & Females (2001) All of Victoria Greater Shepparton Moira Strathbogie Males 143.0 157.3 158.6 158.6 Females 129.1 138.3 140.4 140.4 DHS, Victorian Health Information Surveillance System (VHISS) www.dhs.vic.gov.au

DHS, Victorian Health Information Surveillance System (VHISS) www.dhs.vic.gov.au

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DALY Rates by Type of Disease In 2001, malignant cancers had the highest DALY rate for males and females in Greater Shepparton, Moira and Strathbogie. This rate was higher than the Victorian rate. The second highest DALY rate for males & females in Greater Shepparton, Moira & Strathbogie was cardiovascular disease.

Disability Adjusted Life Years Rates per 1,000 population, Type of Disease (2001) Victoria Greater Shepparton Moira Strathbogie Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female All causes 143.0 129.1 157.3 138.3 158.6 140.4 158.6 140.4 Communicable,maternal,neonatal,nutritional 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.5 Infectious diseases 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 Respiratory infections 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.8 Lower respiratory tract infections: pneumonia 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 Maternal conditions 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 Neonatal conditions 1.8 1.4 2.3 1.3 2.2 1.4 2.2 1.4 Nutritional disorders 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.7 Non-communicable diseases 125.3 118.8 135.2 127.9 135.5 128.5 135.5 128.5 Malignant cancers 30.1 26.2 33.0 28.0 32.4 27.3 32.4 27.3 Mouth and oropharynx cancers 1.0 0.5 1.3 0.5 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.4 Cancer oesophagus 1.0 0.4 1.3 0.6 1.4 0.6 1.4 0.6 Cancer stomach 1.1 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.6 Cancer colon/rectum 4.2 3.5 4.5 4.0 4.9 3.9 4.9 3.9 Cancer pancreas 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.1 Cancer lung 6.0 3.6 6.8 3.8 6.5 4.0 6.5 4.0 Melanoma 1.1 0.6 1.4 0.5 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.7 Cancer breast 0.0 6.6 0.1 6.8 0.1 6.5 0.1 6.5 Cancer ovary 0.0 1.5 0.0 1.6 0.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 Cancer prostate 4.8 0.0 5.1 0.0 5.2 0.0 5.2 0.0 Cancer kidney 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.6 Cancer brain 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.0 Lymphoma 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Leukaemia 1.1 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.9 1.3 0.9 Other malignant cancers 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0

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Victoria Greater Shepparton Moira Strathbogie Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Benign neoplasms 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 Diabetes mellitus 6.5 5.7 6.3 8.4 10.5 6.1 10.5 6.1 Diabetes mellitus-NIDDM 6.0 5.2 5.9 7.7 9.7 5.6 9.7 5.6 Other endocrine and metabolic disorders 2.1 1.4 2.2 1.7 2.2 1.4 2.2 1.4 Oth. endocrine and metabolic disorders 1.8 1.1 1.9 1.4 1.9 1.1 1.9 1.1 Mental disorders 19.6 19.7 18.9 21.0 17.8 21.6 17.8 21.6 Alcohol abuse/dependence 1.6 0.4 1.9 0.3 1.9 0.3 1.9 0.3 Heroin abuse/dependence 1.5 0.4 1.1 0.3 1.1 0.3 1.1 0.3 Schizophrenia 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.3 Depression 5.9 7.1 5.6 8.6 4.1 8.9 4.1 8.9 Bipolar disorder 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.0 Social phobia 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 Generalised anxiety disorder 1.7 3.4 1.7 3.4 1.7 3.4 1.7 3.4 Borderline personality disorder 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.9 Neurological and sense disorders 14.7 16.6 16.3 18.1 14.6 19.6 14.6 19.6 Dementia 4.5 7.2 5.2 8.5 5.0 9.4 5.0 9.4 Epilepsy 0.9 0.7 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.4 0.9 Parkinsons 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.2 Vision loss correctable by spectacles 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8 Hearing loss 3.8 2.2 4.1 2.1 3.9 2.5 3.9 2.5 Other nervous system and sense organ disorders 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 2.0 1.4 2.0 Cardiovascular diseases 25.5 22.4 28.9 23.2 29.5 25.2 29.5 25.2 Ischaemic heart disease 14.9 10.5 17.6 10.9 17.5 11.9 17.5 11.9 Stroke 6.2 7.8 6.3 8.1 6.8 8.6 6.8 8.6 Inflammatory heart disease 1.0 0.7 1.1 0.6 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.7 Other cardiovascular disease 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 Chronic respiratory diseases 10.4 9.5 12.7 9.7 11.4 9.9 11.4 9.9 COPD (emphysema and chronic bronchitis) 4.9 3.5 6.0 3.8 6.1 3.9 6.1 3.9 Asthma 3.3 3.7 4.5 4.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 4.0

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Victoria Greater Shepparton Moira Strathbogie Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Other chronic respiratory diseases 2.1 2.3 2.3 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.2 1.9 Digestive disorders 3.1 3.0 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 Liver cirrhosis 1.1 0.5 1.4 0.6 1.1 0.3 1.1 0.3 Genito-urinary disorders 4.0 3.8 4.2 3.6 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.9 Nephritis/nephrosis 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 Benign prostatic hypertrophy 1.4 0.0 1.3 0.0 1.3 0.0 1.3 0.0 Infertility 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.0 Skin diseases 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.8 Musculo-skeletal diseases 3.4 5.1 3.0 5.3 3.2 4.6 3.2 4.6 Rheumatoid arthritis 0.6 1.4 0.6 1.4 0.6 1.5 0.6 1.5 Osteoarthritis 2.0 2.5 1.4 2.5 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 Congenital abnormalities 2.9 1.9 3.2 1.9 3.2 2.1 3.2 2.1 Other non-specific congenital anomalies 1.0 0.5 1.1 0.4 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 Oral health 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 Dental caries 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 Miscellaneous conditions Chronic fatigue/SIDS 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 Injuries 12.6 5.0 16.9 5.3 17.4 6.3 17.4 6.3 Unintentional injuries 8.0 3.5 11.3 3.8 11.2 4.7 11.2 4.7 Road and traffic accidents 3.5 1.3 5.1 1.3 5.5 2.1 5.5 2.1 Falls 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.2 Intentional injuries 4.6 1.5 5.6 1.5 6.2 1.6 6.2 1.6 Suicide 3.9 1.3 5.0 1.2 5.6 1.3 5.6 1.3 Department of Human Services Victorian Health Information Surveillance System (2001) www.dhs.vic.gov.au

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Suicide DALY Rates for Suicide Data from 2001 indicates the Disability Adjusted Life Years rate per 1,000 population for male suicide for Greater Shepparton (5.0), Moira (5.6) and Strathbogie (5.6) was significantly higher than the Victoria rate (3.9).

The Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) rate per 1,000 population by Gender (2001) Area Males Females Greater Shepparton 5.0 1.2 Moira 5.6 1.3 Strathbogie 5.6 1.3 Hume Region 5.2 1.2 Victoria 3.9 1.3 Department of Human Services Victorian Health Information Surveillance System (2001) www.dhs.vic.gov.au

Deaths from Suicide & Self Inflicted Injuries ABS data for potentially avoidable mortality has been published by the Public Health Information Development Unit. In the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment, Strathbogie had the highest annual rate of potentially avoidable deaths from suicide and self inflicted injuries per 100,000 persons for the period 2002 – 2006. This rate was higher than the Country Victoria and Victoria rate. Data was unavailable for Greater Shepparton – Part B (east) and Moira – East.

Potentially Avoidable Deaths at Ages 0 to 74 years: Suicide and Self-Inflicted Injuries (2002 – 2006) Annual Rate per Statistical Local Area Number 100,000 Greater Shepparton – Part A 31 15.2 Greater Shepparton – Part B (east) # .. Greater Shepparton – Part B (west) 6 14.2 Moira – East # .. Moira - West 12 14.5 Strathbogie 7 16.5 Country Vic 790 13.0 Victoria 2,521 10.7 The Social Health Atlas of Australia (2008) www.publichealth.gov.au

Mental Disorders DALY Rates for Mental Disorders- Males In 2001, Greater Shepparton, Moira and Strathbogie had a lower DALY rate for mental disorders for males than the Victoria rate of 19.6. The DALY rate for alcohol abuse/dependence and bipolar disorder for males in Greater Shepparton, Moira & Strathbogie was higher than the Victorian average. In addition, the DALY rate for depression and borderline personality disorder for males residing in Moira & Strathbogie was higher than the Victoria rate.

Disability Adjusted Life Years Rates per 1,000 population, Mental Disorders for Males (2001) Greater All of Victoria Moira Strathbogie Shepparton Mental disorders 19.6 18.9 17.8 17.8 Alcohol abuse/dependence 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.9 Heroin abuse/dependence 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 Schizophrenia 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 Depression 5.9 5.6 4.1 4.1 Bipolar disorder 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Social phobia 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Generalised anxiety disorder 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 Borderline personality disorder 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.7 Department of Human Services Victorian Health Information Surveillance System (2001) www.dhs.vic.gov.au

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DALY rates for Mental Disorders - Females In 2001, Greater Shepparton, Moira and Strathbogie had a higher DALY rate for mental disorders for females than the Victorian rate of 19.6. The DALY rate for depression for females residing in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment was higher than the Victoria rate.

Disability Adjusted Life Years Rates per 1,000 population, Mental Disorders for Females (2001) All of Victoria Greater Shepparton Moira Strathbogie Mental disorders 19.7 21.0 21.6 21.6 Alcohol abuse/dependence 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 Heroin abuse/dependence 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 Schizophrenia 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Depression 7.1 8.6 8.9 8.9 Bipolar disorder 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 Social phobia 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Generalised anxiety disorder 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 Borderline personality disorder 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.9 Department of Human Services Victorian Health Information Surveillance System (2001) www.dhs.vic.gov.au

Mental & Behavioural Problems The Public Health Information Development Unit compiled self reported mental and behavioural data from the 2004-2005 National Health Survey. In the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment, Strathbogie had the highest rate of self reported mental and behavioural problems for males & females for 2004 – 2005 period. This rate was higher than the Country Victoria & Victoria rate.

Males and Females with Mental & Behavioural problems (2004 – 2005) Males Females Statistical Local Area Number Rate in 1000 Number Rate in 1000 Gr. Shepparton – Part A 2,922 102.7 2,751 121.0 Gr.Shepparton – Part B (east) 196 94.1 238 128.4 Gr. Shepparton – Part B (west) 480 100.9 494 114.1 Moira – East 429 101.9 514 120.7 Moira -West 991 104.6 862 96.0 Strathbogie 536 110.5 629 131.9 Country Vic 70,918 104.9 77,558 114.1 Victoria 223,864 90.4 271,774 106.8 The Social Health Atlas of Australia (2008) www.publichealth.gov.au

Mood Problems The Public Health Information Development Unit compiled data on self reported mood problems from the 2004-2005 National Health Survey. In the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment, Strathbogie had the highest rate of mood problems for males and Greater Shepparton - Part A had the highest rate of mood problems for females.

Estimated number of males & females with mood (affective) problems (2004-2005) Males Females Statistical Local Area Number Rate in 1000 Number Rate in 1000 Gr. Shepparton – Part A 1001 46.1 1,606 71.6 Gr.Shepparton – Part B (east) 54 26.7 109 59.4 Gr. Shepparton – Part B (west) 201 43.1 280 66.0 Moira – East 183 44.5 266 63.7 Moira -West 419 45.3 619 70.2 Strathbogie 233 47.9 329 69.5 Country Vic 30,467 45.9 46,582 69.3 Victoria 100,098 40.3 169,008 66.3 The Social Health Atlas of Australia (2008) www.publichealth.gov.au

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Psychological Distress Levels The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was used to measure respondents’ distress levels in the 2004 – 2005 National Health Survey. Results from this survey indicate that the estimated rate of people with high or very high psychological distress levels was highest in Greater Shepparton – Part A, followed by Strathbogie.

Estimated Number of People with High or Very High Psychological Distress Levels (K-10), persons aged 18 years and over (2004 -2005). Statistical Local Area Number Rate in 1000

Gr. Shepparton – Part A 4,593 137.8 Gr.Shepparton – Part B (east) 266 91.5 Gr. Shepparton – Part B (west) 722 108.0 Moira – East 763 120.0 Moira -West 1,603 117.3 Strathbogie 937 127.6 Country Vic 121,338 119.8 Victoria 478,650 124.7 The Social Health Atlas of Australia (2008) www.publichealth.gov.au

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Chronic Diseases & Conditions Self reported data was collected in the 2004 – 2005 National Health Survey conducted by ABS and compiled by the Public Health Information & Development Unit. Respondents of this survey were asked if they had been diagnosed with any long term health conditions (a condition which has or is expected to last longer than 6 months). Respondents were also asked if they had been told by a doctor or nurse if they had asthma, cancer, heart & circulatory conditions, and/or diabetes.

Compared to the Victorian rate, all Goulburn Valley PCP catchment SLAs had a higher rate of asthma, musculoskeletal system diseases, arthritis & rheumatoid arthritis. For circulatory system diseases, all SLAs in Goulburn Valley PCP catchment except for Greater Shepparton – Part B (east) had a higher rate than Victoria. The rate of respiratory diseases in Greater Shepparton – Part B (east) was significantly higher than the Victoria and Country Victoria rate. The rate of hypertensive disease in Greater Shepparton – Part A was also significantly higher compared to the Victoria and Country Victoria rate.

Estimates of Chronic Diseases & Conditions (2004-2005) Circulatory System Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetes High Cholesterol Respiratory Diseases Asthma Diseases Disease Statistical Local Area Rate in Rate in Rate in Rate in Rate in Rate in Number Number Number Number Number Number 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Greater Shepparton (C) Part A 1,175 26.1 2,2440 54.6 8,352 186.2 5,913 131.8 12,677 280.8 5,161 112.3 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B (east) 88 24.0 178 47.4 604 163.5 304 82.1 1,228 316.2 460 116.5 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B (west) 241 24.8 541 56.0 1,733 182.9 1,036 107.4 2,562 283.4 1,008 110.6 Moira (S) East 306 25.4 655 56.7 2,135 193.3 1,209 102.9 2,403 282.3 956 113.2 Moira (S) West 548 26.1 1,233 56.5 4,201 197.5 2,310 104.6 5,392 291.9 2,157 116.3 Strathbogie (S) 360 26.0 778 57.9 2502 196.2 1,441 105.7 2,846 297.3 1,105 118.9 Victoria 141,069 28.0 331,334 65.8 857,667 170.1 511,561 101.5 1,461,804 290.9 511,327 102.0 Country Victoria 41,435 27.3 82,547 55.2 265,686 180.8 58,317 105.2 390,282 288.4 154,273 113.7

Musculoskeletal System Osteoporosis Arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Osteoarthritis Statistical Local Area Diseases (Females Only) Number Rate in 1000 Number Rate in 1000 Number Rate in 1000 Number Rate in 1000 Number Rate in 1000 Greater Shepparton (C) Part A 13,589 306.0 7,304 163.5 1,362 30.6 3,354 74.9 1,101 47.7 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B (east) 1,204 317.8 586 156.0 113 29.6 268 72.4 73 46.5 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B (west) 2,903 313.2 1,526 159.0 284 29.6 629 71.7 218 47.5 Moira (S) East 2,970 299.8 1,859 164.3 326 29.3 873 74.4 290 46.5 Moira (S) West 6,209 311.9 3,663 170.0 649 30.5 1612 73.2 524 47.1 Strathbogie (S) 3,560 310.2 2,207 167.8 373 28.9 1,125 82.6 353 50.0 Victoria 1,472,050 292.3 730,548 145.1 114,287 22.7 363,083 72.1 126,222 49.1 Country Victoria 436,399 308.8 243,257 163.9 44,130 30.0 115,979 77.1 34,992 45.2 The Social Health Atlas of Australia (2008) www.publichealth.gov.au

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Diabetes Diabetes Australia Victoria collected data from 2001, 2006 and 2008 comparing the number of people in Victoria with diabetes who have registered with the National Diabetes Service Scheme (NDSS). This includes people who have been diagnosed with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes and other less common forms of diabetes. Out of 79 local government areas in Victoria, Strathbogie is ranked as number 12 with 5.69% of the population having diabetes in 2008.

Prevalence of Diabetes in Victoria by Local Government Area (2008) 2001 2008 % LGA % of % of Prevalence LGA Ranking Prevalence LGA ranking Increase Population Population Greater Shepparton 1,366 2.4% 27 3,004 4.92% 21 120 Moira 631 2.4% 26 1,381 4.80% 25 119 Strathbogie 288 3.0% 11 561 5.69% 12 95 Diabetes Australia Victoria, Victorias Diabetes Epidemic (2009) www.diabetesepidemic.com.au. For more information about methodology visit: http://210.247.165.30/epidemic/MapInfoMethodology07.pdf

Prevalence of Diabetes in Victoria by Local Government Area (2008)

Source: Diabetes Australia Victoria, Victoria’s Diabetes Epidemic (2009) http://210.247.165.30/epidemic/index.htm#

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Teenage Births

In 2007, 5.4% of all confinements in Greater Shepparton were to mothers younger than 20 years of age. This is higher than the Victorian average of 2.6%. Mothers aged less than 20 years accounted for 4.9% of total confinements in Moira.

Local Government Area by Births, Confinements for Mothers <20 years (2007) % of all Local Government Area Number Confinements Greater Shepparton 45 5.4 Moira 17 4.9 Strathbogie 0 0.0 Victoria 1818 2.6 Department of Human Services (2007) Victorian Perinatal Data Collection Unit (VPDCU) www.health.vic.gov.au/perinatal/stats/birthsvic07

Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions

Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSC’s) refers to preventable hospitalisations thought to be avoidable through prevention and early disease management.

In 2006/07 the ACSC admission rate for the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment was 50.88 persons per 1000; which was 6.19 persons per 1000 greater than the Victorian average of 44.69 persons per 1000. This figure increased by a further 4.32 persons per 1000 to 55.2 persons per 1000 in 2007/08, compared with the Victorian average increase in hospitalisations of a further 2.01 persons per 1000 to 46.7 persons per 1000 for 2007/08. For the period between 2002/03 and 2007/2008 the ACSC admission rate in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment increased significantly from 38.10 persons per 1000 to 55.20 persons per 1000.

ACSC Standardised Admission Rate Trend (2002/03 to 2007/08)

Department of Human Services – Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (2009) www.health.vic.gov.au/healthstatus/index.htm. Note: Standardised to Victorian Population 2006.

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Most Common ACSCs Diabetes complications were the most common ACSCs in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment in 2007/2008.

Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions for Selected LGA (2007/2008) Greater Shepparton Moira Strathbogie Number of Rate per Number of Rate per Number of Rate per ACSC ACSC ACSC admissions 1000 admissions 1000 admissions 1000 Diabetes Complications 1827 29.69 Diabetes Complications 1038 29.74 Diabetes Complications 269 18.66 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Cellulitis 217 3.64 150 3.85 Dehydration & Gastroenteritis 53 4.08 Disease (COPD) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary 221 3.59 Cellulitis 95 2.96 Dental Conditions 24 2.86 Disease Angina 189 3.11 Congestive Cardiac Failure 111 2.79 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 45 2.80 Dehydration & Gastroenteritis 175 3.00 Asthma 77 2.71 Congestive Cardiac Failure 38 2.53 Pyelonephritis 177 2.95 Dehydration & Gastroenteritis 71 2.49 Ear, Nose & Throat Infections 21 2.43 Congestive Cardiac Failure 180 2.90 Dental Conditions 65 2.42 Angina 33 2.11 Iron Deficiency Anaemia 152 2.53 Angina 91 2.34 Pyelonephritis 28 2.00 Ear, Nose & Throat Infections 155 2.51 Pyelonephritis 73 2.14 Iron Deficiency Anaemia 25 1.79 Convulsions & Epilepsy 144 2.39 Iron Deficiency Anaemia 61 1.70 Convulsions & Epilepsy 15 1.62 Department of Human Services – Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (2009) www.health.vic.gov.au/healthstatus/index.htm

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Compared to the Victorian & Hume region rate, Goulburn Valley PCP catchment had a higher admission rate for diabetes complications, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cellulitis, congestive cardiac failure, angina, pyelonephritis, ear, nose & throat infections & iron deficiency anaemia.

Most Common ACSC Compared to Hume Region & Victoria (2007-2008) Goulburn Valley PCP Hume Region Victoria ACSC Rate per 1000 ACSC Rate per 1000 ACSC Rate per 1000 Diabetes Complications 27.78 Diabetes Complications 26.42 Diabetes Complications 23.87 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Dehydration & Gastroenteritis 3.26 3.56 3.45 (COPD) (COPD) Cellulitis 3.25 Dehydration & Gastroenteritis 3.14 Dental Conditions 3.02 Dehydration & Gastroenteritis Congestive Cardiac Failure Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2.75 2.97 2.52 (COPD) Congestive Cardiac Failure 2.78 Dental Conditions 2.46 Pyelonephritis 2.53 Angina 2.76 Angina 2.32 Congestive Cardiac Failure 2.40 Pyelonephritis 2.62 Pyelonephritis 2.30 Angina 1.83 Dental Conditions 2.36 Cellulitis 2.21 Asthma 1.80 Ear, Nose & Throat Infections 2.27 Ear, Nose & Throat Infections 1.77 Iron Deficiency Anaemia 1.69 Iron Deficiency Anaemia 2.21 Asthma 1.66 Cellulitis 1.68 Department of Human Services – Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (2009) www.health.vic.gov.au/healthstatus/index.htm

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2.2 Preventative Activities

Childhood Immunisation In March 2009, the percentage of children who were fully vaccinated at 12 - <15 months was lower in Strathbogie Shire (86.96%) than the Victorian average (92.39%).

Percentage of Children Fully Immunised (March 2009) LGA Age Cohort Number in LGA % Fully Immunised Greater Shepparton 12 – <15 months 206 93.69% Moira 12 – <15 months 75 96.00% Strathbogie 12 – <15 months 23 86.96% Victoria 12 – <15 months 17,779 92.39% Greater Shepparton 24 - <27 months 243 97.12% Moira 24 - <27 months 92 96.74% Strathbogie 24 - <27 months 33 93.94% Victoria 24 - <27 months 17,539 93.64% Greater Shepparton 60-<63 Months 201 92.54% Moira 60-<63 Months 80 95.00% Strathbogie 60-<63 Months 28 96.43% Victoria 60-<63 Months 16,487 92.01% Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (March 2009)

Breastfeeding In 2007/2008, breastfeeding rates (fully breastfed, on discharge) for Greater Shepparton (75.7%) and Moira Shire (84.4%) were higher than the Victorian rate of 74.7%. Rates of breastfeeding (fully breastfed, on discharge) in Strathbogie Shire (56.3%) were considerably lower compared to the Hume region (77.0%) and Victorian rate (74.7%).

Breastfeeding Rates (2007/2008) Fully Breastfed Partly Breastfed Area On On discharge 2 wks % 3 mths % 6 mths % 2 wks % 3 mths % 6 mths % discharge % % Gr. Shepparton – 75.7 59.6 40.3 30.3 5.1 7.4 6.2 3.5 GVH Moira 84.4 76.8 48.7 32.4 2.7 3.1 2.9 3.6 Strathbogie 56.3 49.1 34.8 33.9 4.5 8.0 7.1 0.0 Hume Region 77.0 66.3 48.5 30.8 4.8 6.6 6.4 10.7 Victoria 74.7 68.7 52.4 38.9 11.4 12.1 8.8 8.0 Department of Education & Childhood Development (2007) Maternal & Child Health Services Annual Report 2007 – 2008. www.education.vic.gov.au

Key Ages & Stages Visits In 2007/08, up until the 12 month stage visit, participation rates for key ages and stages visits at Maternal Child Health Services was higher in Moira Shire than they were for the Hume Region and Victoria. Up until the 18 month stage, participation rates in Strathbogie Shire were lower than the Victoria rate.

Participation Rates for Key Ages & Stages Visits (2007/2008) 2 wks 4 wks 8 wks 4 mths 8 mths 12 mths 18mths 2 yrs Area 3.5yrs % % % % % % % % % Gr. Shepparton - 102.9 96.4 95.2 82.7 74.7 69.2 65.1 57.5 59.6 GVH Moira 101.9 96.7 96.7 97.0 87.3 88.3 65.7 71.9 77.5 Strathbogie 96.2 94.9 91.1 87.3 76.4 66.0 60.7 71.6 65.5 Hume Region 97.6 94.7 94.9 90.5 82.8 79.8 67.5 67.7 67.6 Victoria 96.5 95.1 95.5 92.7 85.0 81.4 71.3 68.1 60.1 Department of Education & Childhood Development (2007) Maternal & Child Health Services Annual Report 2007 – 2008. www.education.vic.gov.au

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Reasons for Referral (Child Health & Wellbeing) Data from the Maternal & Child Health Services Annual Report (2007/2008) indicates that the main reasons for child referral in Greater Shepparton were auditory (81 referrals) and potentially disabling condition (54 referrals). In Moira Shire, the main reasons were auditory (32 referrals) and communication (31 referrals). In Strathbogie Shire, the main reasons for child referral were illness (44 referrals) and development (27 referrals). Across the Hume region, the main reasons were illness (368), communication (347) and auditory (337).

Department of Education & Childhood Development (2007) Maternal & Child Health Services Annual Report 2007 – 2008. www.education.vic.gov.au

Cervical Cancer Screening The percentage of females participating in cervical screening for the period 2006 – 2007 in the local government areas of Greater Shepparton (62.7%), Moira (62.2%) and Strathbogie (62.5%) were lower than the Hume (64.9%) average.

Biennial Cervical Screening Rates by Local Government Area, 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 Percentage Screened LGA 2005 - 2006 2006 – 2007 Greater Shepparton 61.2% 62.7% Moira 63.8% 62.2% Strathbogie 64.9% 62.5% Hume Region 64.4% 64.9% Victorian Cervical Cytology Registry Statistical Report 2007 www.vccr.org.au

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2.3 Risk Factors

Smoking The National Health Survey 2004 – 2005 collected self reported data on current smokers (adults that smoked cigarettes, pipes or cigars at least once a week at the time of interview). This data was compiled by the Public Health Information Development Unit (PHIDU).

In the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment, the rate of male smokers was highest in the Statistical Local Area (SLA) of Moira- West. The rate of female smokers was highest in the SLA of Moira – East.

Estimated Number of Male & Female Current Smokers 18 years & over (2004-2005) Males Females Statistical Local Area Number Rate per 1000 Number Rate per 1000 Greater Shepparton (C) Part A 5,116 317.9 3,867 228.2 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B (east) 416 280.3 281 201.3 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B (west) 1045 310.2 667 214.4 Moira (S) East 898 317.8 753 262.9 Moira (S) West 2,147 331.1 1,468 231.9 Strathbogie (S) 1034 316.0 832 254.6 Victoria 487,710 259.8 356,814 181.5 Country Victoria 145,522 304.4 111,783 225.9 Social Health Atlas of Australia (2008) www.publichealth.gov.au

Nutrition The 2004 -2005 National Health Survey collected data on the number of people aged 12 years or older who consume two or more serves of fruit per day. This data was compiled by the Public Health Information Development Unit (PHIDU).

In the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment, the Statistical Local Area (SLA) of Moira – East had the lowest rate of population aged 12 years or older who ate two or more serves of fruit per day. The SLA of Greater Shepparton – Part B East had the highest rate of population aged 12 years or older who ate two or more serves of fruit per day in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment. However this figure was still below the Victorian rate.

Estimated Number of People with Usual Daily Intake of Two or More Serves of Fruit, Persons aged 12 yrs + (2004-2005) Statistical Local Area Number Rate per 1000 Greater Shepparton (C) Part A 19,416 516.6 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B (east) 1,732 533.5 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B (west) 3,957 516 Moira (S) East 3,775 496.2 Moira (S) West 8,104 507.4 Strathbogie (S) 4,603 528.1 Victoria 2,270,339 534.7 Country Victoria 598,505 516.1 Social Health Atlas of Australia (2008) www.publichealth.gov.au

Physical Inactivity The 2004 -2005 National Health Survey collected data on the number of people aged 15 years or older who are physically inactive. Physically inactive was defined as those who did not participate in exercise (through sport, recreation, fitness including walking) in the two weeks prior to interview. This data was compiled by the Public Health Information Development Unit (PHIDU).

In the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment, the Statistical Local Area (SLA) of Greater Shepparton – Part A had the highest rate of physical inactivity. The SLA of Greater Shepparton – Part B East had the lowest rate of physical inactivity in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment.

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Estimated Number of People who are Physically Inactive, Persons aged 15 years + (2004-2005) Statistical Local Area Number Rate per 1000 Greater Shepparton (C) Part A 13,011 365.6 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B (east) 960 319 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B (west) 2,599 360.6 Moira (S) East 2,417 333.0 Moira (S) West 5,371 353.8 Strathbogie (S) 2,898 346.2 Victoria 1,301,117 321.3 Country Victoria 366,554 333.2 Social Health Atlas of Australia (2008) www.publichealth.gov.au

Obesity The National Health Survey 2004 – 2005 collected self reported data on obesity (BMI calculated). This data was compiled by the Public Health Information Development Unit (PHIDU).

Greater Shepparton – Part B (west) had the highest rate of obesity for males aged 15 years & over in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment. This was higher than the Victoria and Country Victoria rate. Moira – West had the highest rate of obesity for females aged 15 years and over in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment, and again was higher than the Victoria and Country Victoria rate. All SLAs in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment had higher rates of obesity for males compared to the Victoria and Country Victoria rate.

Estimated Number of Obese Males & Females, 15 yrs & over (2004-2005) Males Females Statistical Local Area Number Rate per 1000 Number Rate per 1000 Greater Shepparton (C) Part A 3,418 198.9 2913 161.6 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B (east) 275 170.7 162 109.7 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B (west) 772 204.9 561 159.8 Moira (S) East 671 196.2 575 155.9 Moira (S) West 1,532 204.5 1,238 165.9 Strathbogie (S) 806 197.5 689 163.0 Victoria 315,080 159.6 275,924 133.7 Country Victoria 101,076 189.5 86,859 155.7 Social Health Atlas of Australia (2008) www.publichealth.gov.au

Alcohol Consumption The National Health Survey 2004-2005 collected self reported data on respondents estimated alcohol consumption (the number of days respondents consumed alcohol and the quantity) seven days prior to being interviewed. High risk to health was defined as average daily consumption of more than 75ml for males and 50ml for females.

Greater Shepparton Part B (east) had the highest rate of people consuming alcohol at levels considered to be a high risk to health in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment. All Goulburn Valley PCP catchment SLAs recorded a higher rate of alcohol consumption at levels to be considered high risk to health than the Victoria rate. Estimated Number of People Consuming Alcohol at Levels Considered to be a High Risk to Health, 18 yrs + (2004/05) Statistical Local Area Number Rate per 1000 Greater Shepparton (C) Part A 1,858 56.2 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B (east) 239 81.6 Greater Shepparton (C) Part B (west) 383 57.7 Moira (S) East 450 73.7 Moira (S) West 994 74.4 Strathbogie (S) 430 60.4 Victoria 190,852 49.8 Country Victoria 63,004 63.1 Social Health Atlas of Australia (2008) www.publichealth.gov.au 53 | P a g e

Information is available regarding alcohol use and young people at local government level. Turning Point Drug & Alcohol Centre: Alcohol use and related harm among young people across Victorian Local Government Areas (2006) Free to download visit: www.turningpoint.org.au/library/lib_epi.htm

Burden of Disease (DALYs) Attributable to Risk Factors in Hume Region Compared to Victoria (2001)

Department of Human Services Victorian Health Information Surveillance System (2001) www.dhs.vic.gov.au

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2.4 Health Services

General Practitioner Availability The Goulburn Valley PCP catchment sits within two divisions of General Practice: Goulburn Valley Division of General Practice and North East Victorian Division of General Practice.

Data from the 2007 -2008 Annual Survey of Divisions indicates that the Goulburn Valley Division of General Practice had a full time GP to population ratio 1:1294 and the North East Victorian Division of General Practice had a full time GP to population ratio 1: 1250.

Key Division of General Practice Characteristics 2007-2008 Estimated FWE* GPs FWE GP Number of Number of GPs: Division as at population female GPs population 2007 30/6/07 2007 ratio ratio Goulburn Valley Division of 34 79 1003 1294 General Practice

North East Victorian Division of 40 84 875 1250 General Practice *FWE – Fulltime Workload Equivalent. Primary Healthcare Research & Information Service (PHCRIS) www.phcris.org.au

Bulk Billing Medicare Bulk Billing statistics for the 2008-09 financial year indicates that percentage of services bulk billed in the Commonwealth Electorate Division of Murray and Indi were below the Victoria and Australia percentage.

Percentage of services bulk billed by Commonwealth Electoral Division (2008-2009)* Murray 64.2% Indi 61.6% Victoria 77.3% Australia 79.2% Medicare non-referred (GP) attendances (excluding practice nurse items). Commonwealth Electoral Division (based on patient enrolment postcode). To find which electorate you live in visit: www.aec.gov.au. Medicare Australia (2009) www.medicareaustralia.gov.au/provider/medicare/mbs.jsp

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3. Community Wellbeing

3.1 Gambling Data for the period 2006–2007 from the Victorian Commission for Gambling Regulation indicates that Greater Shepparton had a higher net Electronic Gaming Machine (EGM) expenditure per person than the Country Victoria average. Greater Shepparton also had a higher number of EGMs per adult population (7.11) than the Country (6.97) and Victorian average (6.86). Data was available for the net EGM expenditure per person for the local government areas of Moira and Strathbogie.

Expenditure Data 2006 - 2007 2007 2007 Total Net Net EGM Net EGM Local Government Population Number of Number of Population Population (18+) EGM per EGM per 1000 Population Expenditure expenditure expenditure Area (18+) Venues EGM Per Venue Per Venue 1000 (18+) Projection 2006-07 per person per adult Projection Greater 62,837 46,297 7 329 $28,822,182.34 8,977 6,614 $458.68 $622.56 5.24 7.11 Shepparton

Shire of Moira * 28,121 21,231 1 38 $0.00 28,121 21,231 $0.00 $0.00 1.35 1.79

Strathbogie 9,846 7,831 1 32 $0.00 9,846 7,831 $0.00 $0.00 3.25 4.09 Country Vic 1,407,820 1,068,389 188 7,447 $540,069,849.46 7,488 5,683 $384 $505 5.29 6.97 Victoria 5,129,445 3,979,244 522 27,279 $2,543,175,356.33 9,827 7,623 $496 $639 5.32 6.86 Victorian Commission for Gambling Regulation www.vcgr.vic.gov.au.

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3.2 Community Strength

Indicators of Community Strength Indicators of community strength are available for local government areas from data collected in 2006. Indicators range from participation in community activities, attitudes and ability to get help when needed.

Victorian Indicators Greater Shepparton Moira Strathbogie Hume Region Regional Average Can get help from friends, family or neighbours when needed 92.1 95.8 93.0 93.6 94.2 Could raise $2000 in two days in an emergency 76.8 71.6 77.1 71.5 70.8 Volunteers 49.0 63.5 61.3 55.5 52.5 Member of organised groups 43.9 59.2 49.9 50.8 51.4 Member of group that has taken local action 53.0 65.5 59.0 55.1 51.5 Parental participation in schools 70.7 72.9 73.2 66.2 66.7 Is on decision making board or committee 19.6 25.2 27.7 23.9 22.5 Attendance at community events 43.7 49.7 59.5 54.1 53.1 Feels safe on the street alone after dark 45.4 68.4 76.7 64.8 67.2 Feels multiculturalism makes like in the area better 64.4 74.5 75.0 74.3 78.5 Feels valued by society 69.7 71.6 74.3 70.4 69.3 Feels there are opportunities to have a real say on issues that are important 48.6 64.5 56.2 57.9 59.1 The area has easy access to recreational & leisure facilities 77.2 77.9 67.3 78.5 78.2 The area has good facilities and services like shops, childcare, schools, libraries 78.5 71.0 64.0 76.5 74.5 The area has opportunities to volunteer 81.0 83.8 79.7 82.8 81.3 The area has a wide range of community and support groups 72.4 78.1 66.9 74.3 73.4 It’s an active community 67.0 76.3 72.5 72.9 72.2 Organised sport (participate) 44 49 - - 45.0 Department of Victorian Communities (2007) Indicators of Community Strength at LGA level in Victoria in 2006 www.dvc.vic.gov.au. The report includes a description of the rationale and method of the creation of these indicators and can be found at the DVC website.

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3.3 Social Determinants of Health

The conditions and the environments in which people live can have a significant influence on their health. The World Health Organisation has identified ten social determinants of health which are listed below.

1. The Social Gradient –The further down people are in social ladder the shorter the life expectancy and diseases are more common.

2. Stress – Stress can have a powerful effect on health and can increase poor mental health and premature death. People who experience prolonged stress and tension are vulnerable to infections, diabetes, high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, depression, and aggression.

3. Early Life- Foundations of adult life are laid in early childhood and before birth.

4. Social Exclusion – Being socially excluded can increase the risks of divorce and separation, disability, illness, and addiction. The longer people are disadvantaged the more likely they will suffer from health problems.

5. Work – Management styles and relationships within workplaces impact on health. When people have little control over their work it can lead to sickness absence and cardiovascular disease. Health also suffers when there is stress is the workplace, when people have little decision making authority the opportunity to use their skills.

6. Unemployment – Being unemployed can be detrimental to your health both financially and psychologically. Job insecurity can increase levels anxiety, depression, heart disease and self reported ill health.

7. Social Support – Good social relations and supportive networks makes people feel valued and has a protective effect on our health. People who are socially excluded are more likely to experience depression and higher levels of disability from chronic diseases. Having a healthy supportive relationship can encourage healthy behaviour patterns.

8. Addiction – Alcohol dependence, illicit drug use and cigarette smoking is influenced by the wider social setting. Social deprivation is associated with higher smoking rates and lower rates of quitting.

9. Food – A healthy diet and access to an adequate food supply is important for promoting health and wellbeing. A shortage of food and lack of variety can contribute to malnutrition and deficiencies, and excessive intake of food contributes to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, obesity and dental carries.

10. Transport – Using public transport stimulates social interaction in the community, reduces harmful pollutants & road traffic, thereby reducing the number of serious road accidents and deaths. Walking and cycling provides exercise which increases ones sense of wellbeing, protects against heart disease, and reduces the onset of diabetes.

World Health Organisation, Social Determinants of Health: The Solid Facts (2nd Ed, 2003) [online] www.euro.who.int/document/e81384.pdf

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Social Determinants of Health

Indicator Greater Shepparton Moira Strathbogie Victoria

1 Unemployment rate (Dec Quarter 2008) 6.0% 4.6% 3.5% 4.4%

2 % of individuals earning less than $400 per week (2006) 43% 48% 48% 42% 3 % of adult population who completed year 12 (2006) 29.6% 24.3% 27.8% 44% 4 % of lone households (2006) 9% 10% 14% 10% 5 % of workforce working full time (2006) 59% 59.6% 59% 60.1%

% of single parent households (2006) 6 16.5% 12.7% 12.9% 15.4% 7 % of children 12-15 months fully immunised (March 09) 94% 96% 87% 92% 8 % of children 24 – 27 months fully immunised (March 09) 97% 97% 94% 94% 9 % of children 60 – 63 months fully immunised (March 09) 93% 95% 96% 92% 10 Proportion of teenage births (out of all births, 2007) 5.4% 4.9% 0% 2.6%

% of workforce that used public transport, walked or cycled to work (2006) 11 7% 9% 9% 11% 12 Perceived safety in the community (feeling safe on their streets after dark) (2007) 59.6% 78.8% 84.2% 66.5% 13 Family incidents per 100,000 population (2008/2009) 1003.0 427.8 294.3 632.2 14 Crime per 100,000 population (2008/2009) 8,055.5 4,702.3 4,586.5 7087.9 SEIFA Local Government Area rating (2006) 15 968 971 968 - 16 % experienced food insecurity in the past 12 months (2007) 6.9% 6.8% 7.0% 6.0%

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3.5 Access

Food Security In the 2007 Community Indicators Victoria Survey, respondents were asked if there had been any times in the past twelve months where they had run out of food and could not afford to buy more. Data from this survey indicates that 7.0% of Strathbogie residents experienced food insecurity, compared to the Victorian State average of 6.0%.

Food Security (2007) Area % Greater Shepparton 6.9 Moira 6.8 Strathbogie 7.0 Hume 7.3 Victoria 6.0 Community Indicators Victoria (2007) www.communityindicators.net.au

Home Internet Access Home internet access was measured in the 2007 Community Indicators Victoria Survey. Respondents were asked if internet could be accessed at their dwelling. In Moira Shire, 67% of residents lived in households that had internet access at any form in their dwelling. This figure is lower than the Victoria State average of 78.9%

Home Internet Access (2007) Area % Greater Shepparton 72.7 Moira 67.0 Strathbogie 68.1 Hume 72.7 Victoria 78.9 Community Indicators Victoria (2007) www.communityindicators.net.au

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Appendix 1: Maps – Statistical Local Area & Local Government Area

Statistical Local Area (SLA)

Local Government Areas (LGA)

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Appendix 2: Glossary

Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSC) -Refers to preventable hospitalisations thought to be avoidable through prevention and early disease management.

Burden of Disease – Refers to the loss of health, disability and premature death at the population level. This is usually measured using Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) for a disease/condition.

Collection Districts (CDs) – Refers to the smallest geographical area used for collection of Census data by the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) – A DALY is a measure of the disease burden in a population. A DALY is calculated by combining the loss of years of life due to premature mortality and the healthy years of life due to disease or injury. One DALY equals to one year of healthy life lost.

Social Determinants of Health – Are factors in our living conditions and environment that impact on our health.

Social Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) – Is a measure of social economic wellbeing and is designed to compare the social economic status of areas at a given point in time. The SEIFA Index of Relative Social-Economic Disadvantage is derived from 2006 Census variable data such as low income, unemployment, low educational attainment and dwellings without motor vehicles. A low SEIFA score indicates that area is relatively disadvantaged compared to an area with a higher score.

Statistical Local Area (SLA) – Is a geographical area used for collection of Census data by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and refers to one or more whole collection districts (CD). Refer to Appendix 1 for a map of the SLAs in the Goulburn Valley PCP catchment.

Primary Care Partnerships (PCPs) – PCPs have been operating in Victoria since 2001 and are a Department of Human Services (DHS) strategy. Each Primary Care Partnership in Victoria represents a specific region. The Goulburn Valley Primary Care Partnership (GVPCP) sits within Strathbogie, Greater Shepparton and Moira local government areas. PCP’s form voluntary alliances with a range of primary care agencies and service providers, who are referred to as PCP member agencies.

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References

Name Document/s Accessed Website Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census Data (2006) www.abs.gov.au SEIFA Index (2006)

Australian Childhood Immunisation Childhood Immunisation Rates Register (2009)

Australian Workplace Small Area Labour Markets – December Quarter www.workplace.gov.au (2008) Community Indicators Victoria Community Indicators Victoria Survey (2007) www.communityindicators.net.au

Department of Education & Childhood Maternal & Child Health Services Annual Report www.eduweb.vic.gov.au Development Hume Region (2007/2008)

Summary Statistics for Victorian Schools (2008) Department of Planning & Community Victoria in Future (2008) www.dse.vic.gov.au/victoriainfutur Development e Department of Victorian Communities Community Indicators of Community Strength www.dvc.vic.gov.au (2006) Department of Human Services Burden of Disease (2001) www.health.vic.gov.au/healthstatu Victorian Information Health Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (2007/08) s/vhiss/index.htm Surveillance System (VHISS) Life Expectancy at Birth (2006) Department of Human Services Births in Victoria (2007) www.health.vic.gov.au/perinatal/v Victorian Perinatal Data Collection Unit pdcu (VPDCU) Diabetes Australia Victoria Victoria’s Diabetes Epidemic (2006) www.diabetesvic.org.au

Medicare Australia MBS Electorate Bulk Billing Statistics (2008-09) www.medicareaustralia.gov.au/pro vider/medicare/mbs.jsp

Primary Healthcare Research & Division Key Characteristics (2007 – 2008) www.phcris.org.au Information Service (PHCRIS)

Public Health Information Development A Social Health Atlas of Australian Local www.publichealth.gov.au Unit (PHIDU) Government Areas (2009) A Social Health Atlas of Australia (3rd Ed, 2008)

Royal Children’s Hospital Australian Early Development Index (2009) www.rch.org.au/aedi

Transport Accident Commission (TAC) Road Toll by Municipality (2008) www.tacsafety.com.au Serious Injuries by Municipality (2008)

Victoria Police Victoria Police Crime Statistics (2009/2009) www.police.vic.gov.au

Victorian Cervical Cytology Registry Statistical Report (2007) www.vccr.org.au

Victorian Commission of Gambling Gaming Expenditure Data (2006 – 2007) www.vcgr.vic.gov.au Regulation

World Health Organisation (WHO) Social Determinants of Health: The Solid Facts www.euro.who.int/document/e813 (2nd ed, 2003) 84.pdf

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