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PSK31, MT63, and Hellschreiber
Digital Modes: the Future of Amateur Radio? An introduction to PSK31, MT63, and Hellschreiber John DeGood NU3E Trenton Computer Festival Sun 7 May 2000 1 PSK31 • Invented by Peter Martinez, G3PLX • First PC soundcard version 26 Dec 1998 • Intended for live keyboard-to-keyboard QSO • Uses varicode character coding for 50 wpm • Easy to use and monitor • Gives very good copy under low Eb/No numbers and is thus suitable for QRP 2 PSK31 (continued) • Instead of using FSK or on/off keying, uses BPSK or QPSK with a Viterbi decoder • Is available for free for many platforms, including Windows with soundcard • Uses advanced DSP and narrow bandwidth (31.25 Hz) techniques • Tx duty cycle is 50% idle, 90% maximum • The greatest activity is around 14070.15 3 Bandwidth BPSK QPSK Spectra obtained with EvmSpec (from PSK31 homepage) 4 PSK31 Operation • BPSK is generally used for calling CQ and routine operation • QPSK gives much better performance with fading and flutter • QPSK has an 800 msec one-way delay, or 1.6 sec round-trip • PSK31 requires a synth or stable VFO rig – BPSK tuning needs to be within 8 Hz – QPSK tuning needs to be within 4 Hz 5 MT63 • Developed by Patwel Jolocha SP9VRC • Encodes information using 63 modulated tones • Sounds unusual, like a roaring noise • No connection process, as in AMTOR, Packet, or PACTOR • Outstanding performance when conditions are both weak and unstable. 6 MT63 (continued) • Spreads signal in time (several seconds) and space (500-2000 Hz) • Forward Error Correction (7-bit ASCII encoded into 64 bits using a Walsh -
Digital Communications
CCARC - BPRA Ham Basics 2010 ---------- Welcome! Digital Communications “AMATEUR RADIO IS THE HOBBY… EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS IS A COMMITMENT…” 1 Ham Basics 2010 K7GJT‐ Digital Communications 2 Subjects to cover • Amateur Radio Digital Mode History • Two Basic Digital Technologies • TNC Technology, Modes & Software • Soundcard Technology, Modes & Software • Accuracy • Making the connection without wires • Making the connection with wires • Dig ita l MiMessaging Systems • Making the “over‐the‐air” connection with radio Ham Basics 2010 K7GJT‐ Digital Communications 3 Amateur Radio Digital Mode History • The ‘Original Digital’ mode – Presence or absence of carrier (1, 0, 1, 0, 1, etc.) – CW! Ham Basics 2010 K7GJT‐ Digital Communications 4 Amateur Radio Digital Mode History • Started as Mechanical Hardware Specific – 1849 Landline based teleprinter operations began – 1920 Rudolf Hell invented Hellschreiber – 1930’s RTTY (Radio TeleTYpp)e) [y[Military RATT/]/SCRT] • 1980’s started computerizing the RTTY signals • Prior to 1995 the only ‘legal’ HF digital mode that was authorized by the FCC were those that used the standard Baudot codes; ege.g. RTTY Ham Basics 2010 K7GJT‐ Digital Communications 5 Amateur Radio Digital Mode History • In 1995, the FCC opened to door to other modes (ASCII based) and declared that any new mode coding were legal as long as they were published in the public domain. • And the “Barn Door” opened! Ham Basics 2010 K7GJT‐ Digital Communications 6 Amateur Radio Digital Modes Ham Basics 2010 K7GJT‐ Digital Communications -
Winwarbler 7.9.2
WinWarbler 7.9.2 Overview .....................................................................................................................................................................2 Prerequisites ...............................................................................................................................................................3 Download and Installation ..........................................................................................................................................4 Configuration ..............................................................................................................................................................5 General Settings .........................................................................................................................................................7 Display Settings ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 Push-to-talk (PTT) Settings ..................................................................................................................................... 13 Soundcard Settings ................................................................................................................................................. 15 Configuring Multiple Soundcards ............................................................................................................................. 16 Phone Settings -
Efficient Multi-Carrier Communication on the Digital Subscriber Loop
Efficient Multi-Carrier Communication on the Digital Subscriber Loop Donnacha Daly Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture University College Dublin National University of Ireland A thesis presented to the National University of Ireland Faculty of Engineering and Architecture in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2003 Research Supervisors: Dr. C. Heneghan Prof. A. D. Fagan Head of Department: Prof. T. Brazil Abstract This thesis explores three distinct philosophies for improving the efficiency of multi-carrier com- munication on the digital subscriber loop. The first topic discussed is impulse response shortening for discrete multitone transceivers. The minimum mean-squared error impulse response shortener is reformulated to allow near-optimal rate performance. It is demonstrated that the best existing eigen-filter designed channel shortener is a particular case of the proposed reformulation. An adap- tive time-domain LMS algorithm is provided as an alternative to eigen-decomposition. The next part of the thesis examines bit- and power- loading algorithms for multitone systems. The problem of rate-optimal loading has already been solved. It is shown, however, that the rate-optimal solu- tion does not give best value for complexity, and that near optimal schemes can perform very well at a fraction of the computational cost. The final section of the thesis is a brief exposition of the use of wavelet packets to achieve multi-carrier communication. It is proposed that the non-uniform spectral decomposition afforded by wavelet packet modulation allows reduced inter-symbol inter- ference effects in a dispersive channel. -
FLDIGI Users Manual 3.23
FLDIGI Users Manual 3.23 Generated by Doxygen 1.8.10 Sat Sep 26 2015 10:39:34 Contents 1 FLDIGI Users Manual - Version 3.231 1.1 Fldigi Configuration and Operational Instructions........................... 1 2 Configuration 3 2.1 User Interface configuration...................................... 3 2.2 Windows Specific Install / Config................................... 3 2.3 Other Configuration options...................................... 3 2.4 Command Line Switches ....................................... 4 2.5 Modem Configuration Options..................................... 4 2.6 Configure Operator .......................................... 5 2.7 Sound Card Configuration....................................... 6 2.7.1 Right Channel Audio Output ................................. 9 2.7.2 WAV File Sample Rate.................................... 10 2.7.3 Multiple sound cards ..................................... 10 2.8 Rig Control .............................................. 12 2.8.1 Rig Configuration....................................... 13 2.8.2 RigCAT control........................................ 15 2.8.3 Hamlib CAT control...................................... 16 2.8.4 Xml-Rpc CAT......................................... 16 2.9 New Installation............................................ 17 2.10 Configure ARQ/KISS I/O ....................................... 20 2.10.1 I/O Configuration....................................... 22 2.10.1.1 ARQ I/O ...................................... 22 2.10.1.2 KISS I/O...................................... 23 -
16.1 Digital “Modes”
Contents 16.1 Digital “Modes” 16.5 Networking Modes 16.1.1 Symbols, Baud, Bits and Bandwidth 16.5.1 OSI Networking Model 16.1.2 Error Detection and Correction 16.5.2 Connected and Connectionless 16.1.3 Data Representations Protocols 16.1.4 Compression Techniques 16.5.3 The Terminal Node Controller (TNC) 16.1.5 Compression vs. Encryption 16.5.4 PACTOR-I 16.2 Unstructured Digital Modes 16.5.5 PACTOR-II 16.2.1 Radioteletype (RTTY) 16.5.6 PACTOR-III 16.2.2 PSK31 16.5.7 G-TOR 16.2.3 MFSK16 16.5.8 CLOVER-II 16.2.4 DominoEX 16.5.9 CLOVER-2000 16.2.5 THROB 16.5.10 WINMOR 16.2.6 MT63 16.5.11 Packet Radio 16.2.7 Olivia 16.5.12 APRS 16.3 Fuzzy Modes 16.5.13 Winlink 2000 16.3.1 Facsimile (fax) 16.5.14 D-STAR 16.3.2 Slow-Scan TV (SSTV) 16.5.15 P25 16.3.3 Hellschreiber, Feld-Hell or Hell 16.6 Digital Mode Table 16.4 Structured Digital Modes 16.7 Glossary 16.4.1 FSK441 16.8 References and Bibliography 16.4.2 JT6M 16.4.3 JT65 16.4.4 WSPR 16.4.5 HF Digital Voice 16.4.6 ALE Chapter 16 — CD-ROM Content Supplemental Files • Table of digital mode characteristics (section 16.6) • ASCII and ITA2 code tables • Varicode tables for PSK31, MFSK16 and DominoEX • Tips for using FreeDV HF digital voice software by Mel Whitten, KØPFX Chapter 16 Digital Modes There is a broad array of digital modes to service various needs with more coming. -
HF Digital Communications
HF Digital Communications How to work those strange sounds you hear on the air John Clements KC9ON Stephen H. Smith WA8LMF Joe Miller KJ8O John Mathieson AC8JW Brian Johnston W8TFI 1 May 2014 Contents Introductions Why Digital? Digital Modes of Operation Hardware : Radio, Computer, and interfaces Contents Software Tips and Tricks Q&A Introductions John Clements KC9ON Licensed in 1979 at age 16 Retired from electronics manufacturing and IT systems Active experimenter and home brewer [email protected] Introductions Stephen Smith WA8LMF Land-Mobile-Radio Systems & Field Engineer Ham since 1964 [email protected] Introductions Joe Miller KJ8O SWL since 1967, first licensed in 2006 and collects QSL cards President of OCARS (W8TNO) Certified Public Accountant [email protected] Introductions Brian Johnston W8TFI Licensed in 1976 Computer operator for a major newspaper Avid experimenter and home brewer [email protected] Introductions John Mathieson AC8JW Licensed since about 2005 Active in CW and digital modes [email protected] Why Digital? Send and receive text, images, data, and audio Some modes work very well in noisy and weak signal environments If you can’t hear them you can’t work them is no longer true! Why Digital? Some modes can provide error free or reduced error transmissions. Good for Emergency Communications Why Digital? Many modes use smaller bandwidths than voice 97.1(b) contribute to the advancement of the radio art. 97.313(a) use the minimum transmitter power necessary to carry out the desired -
DM-780 Users Guide Ham Radio Deluxe V6.0
HRD Software LLC DM-780 Users Guide Ham Radio Deluxe V6.0 By Tim Browning (KB3NPH) 2013 HRD Software LLC DM-780 Users Guide Table of Contents Overview ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Audio Interfacing........................................................................................................................................... 4 Program Option Descriptions ....................................................................................................................... 8 Getting Started ............................................................................................................................................ 10 QSO Tag and My Station Set up .............................................................................................................. 11 My Station Set Up ................................................................................................................................... 12 Default Display ............................................................................................................................................ 14 Main Display with Waterfall ................................................................................................................... 14 Main Display with ALE and Modes Panes ............................................................................................... 15 Modes, Tags and Macros Panes ............................................................................................................. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,665,546 B2 Slaughter Et Al
USOO6665546B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,665,546 B2 Slaughter et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Dec. 16, 2003 (54) HIGH SPEED, POINT-TO-POINT, (56) References Cited MILLIMETER WAVE DATED COMMUNICATION SYSTEM U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 5,701,591 A * 12/1997 Wong .......................... 455/63 (75) Inventors: Louis Slaughter, Weston, MA (US); 5,890.055 A * 3/1999 Chu et al...................... 455/23 Jon Hill, Socorro, NM (US); Thomas 5.936,578 A * 8/1999 Driessen et al. .............. 455/65 Lambert, Makawao, HI (US); Huan Nguyen, Annandale, VA (US); Randall (List continued on next page.) Olsen, Carlsbad, CA (US); John Lovberg, San Diego, CA (US); Primary Examiner William Trost Kenneth Y. Tang, Alpine, CA (US); ASSistant Examiner Rafael Perez-Gutierrez Vladimir Kolinko, San Diego, CA (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm John R. Ross; John R. Ross, (US) III (73) Assignee: Trex Enterprises Corporation, San (57) ABSTRACT Diego, CA (US) A point-to-point, wireless, millimeter wave trunk line com (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this munications link at high data rates in excess of 1 Gbps and patent is extended or adjusted under 35 at ranges of Several miles during normal weather conditions. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. This link is combined with an Ethernet network to provide high Speed digital data communication among a large num This patent is Subject to a terminal dis ber of users. In a preferred embodiment a trunk line com claimer. munication link operates within the 92 to 95 GHZ portion of the millimeter spectrum. -
Lessons from Telco & Wireless Providers
LESSONS FROM TELCO & WIRELESS PROVIDERS: EXTENDING THE LIFE OF THE HFC PLANT WITH NEW TECHNOLOGIES Tom Cloonan, Ayham Al-Banna, Mike Emmendorfer, Zoran Maricevic, Frank O’Keeffe, John Ulm ARRIS Group, Inc. Abstract BACKGROUND This paper draws on lessons from the past (within the telecommunications space) to Introduction predict some of the new technologies that may be considered by Multiple System Operators Correctly predicting the future is a difficult, (MSOs) as they move forward into a service but critical task for any company. This is provider world of the future. It is a future that especially true when an industry is facing a will undoubtedly demand more and more time when transitions in technologies are bandwidth to be offered to subscribers over being considered- with the potential end-of- time. life for one technology approaching and prospects for the birth of a new technology After presenting some historical data on the looming in the foreseeable future. Are there evolution of telecommunications systems and ways to extend the life of the existing some new traffic engineering information on technology? Are those extensions beneficial bandwidth growth trends, the paper will or not? If a transition is to take place, when attempt to identify the life-span of the current should it take place? Should the transition be Hybrid Fiber/Coax (HFC) infrastructure done quickly or gradually? Which through which most Voice, Video, and Data technologies should be used during the services will be provided in the future. transition? Which of many available Potential techniques for extending that life- technologies should carry the load in the span will also be explored. -
Introduction to Ham Radio Digital Modes Including FT8
Introduction to Ham Radio Digital Modes Including FT8 Steve Ikler, KS3K October, 2018 Some slides and information in this presentation are used with permission from Dave LeVasseur, N0DL and the Lake Area Radio Klub (SD) Methods of Ham Radio Communication • CW (Morse Code) • Voice (SSB, FM, AM, Digital Voice) • Digital (binary, either on or off) – Uses computers, sound cards and software – Converts text messages into audio – The audio gets transmitted – Translates audio back into readable text Why Use Digital Modes • Efficient use of bandwidth • Efficient use of power • Even small, indoor or compromise antennas work well • Still usable when voice or cw cannot be heard • Very popular worldwide • Work DX with minimal station • Foreign accents not a problem – it’s all text • Can send images (SSTV, Winlink) Examples of Digital Modes • CW • RTTY (FSK and AFSK) • PSK (BPSK, QPSK, PSK31, PSK63, PSK125) • *-TOR (Amtor, Pactor, G-Tor, etc.) (Packet) • JT-Modes (Joe Taylor, K1JT) – JT65, JT9, WSPR, MSK144, FT8 • Others – Olivia, CONTESTIA, Feld Hell, MFSK, MT63 What Do You Need • Transceiver • Computer (Laptop/Desktop) • Audio Interface between computer and radio • Software http://www.tigertronics.com/ http://www.westmountainradio.com/ Digital Software • Ham Radio Deluxe (DM780) (Not Free) • Fldigi • WinWarbler (DXLabs) • WSJT-X • RMS Express (Winlink) • MMTTY • MixW Summary of PSK Former King-of-the-Hill • Phase-Shift Keying - Changes (modulates) the phase of a constant frequency reference signal (the carrier wave) • Also used by Wireless LANs, RFID, Bluetooth • BPSK and QPSK – Binary Phase-Shift Keying and Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying • BPSK much more popular • Conversational Mode – Instant Messaging without the internet Summary of FT8 • FT8 is named after its developers, Steven Franke, K9AN, and Joe Taylor, K1JT. -
Thosedigitalmodes
THOSE DIGITAL MODES LARRY TELLES, K6SPP – FEBRUARY 2013 WHY DIGITAL MODES? • POWER NECESSARY • BASIC COMMUNICATIONS • BAND CONDITIONS • EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS • COST OF NECESSARY EQUIPMENT • BEST OF ALL TOPICS OF THIS TALK • FIVE BASIC COMPONENTS FOR DIGITAL MODES • CABLES AND CONNECTORS NEEDED • INTERFACE (COMPUTER TO TRANSCEIVER) • TYPES OF DIGITAL MODES • SOFTWARE NECESSARY HARDWARE – FOUR COMPONENTS 80-10 METER TRANSCEIVER FROM EXTERNAL SPEAKER (SOUND CARD) TO MIC INPUT PUSH RASCAL TO TALK OR SIMILAR DEVICE (COM PORT) CONTROL CABLE SIMPLE CABLE INTERFACE COMPUTER & SSB SOUND CARD TRANSCEIVER INPUT SPEAKER OUT OUTPUT MICROPHONE IN INPUT TRANSMIT, OUTPUT RECEIVE, RASCAL AND SERIAL PTT PORT DB-9 DIGITAL MODE (RECEIVE ONLY) INTERFACE DEVICE SOUNDCARD INPUT EXT SPEAKER (OUTPUT) HOMEBREW RASCAL TYPICAL KENWOOD MIC CONNECTOR SOUND CARD END FROM RCV AUDIO ON MIC CONNECTOR INPUT (IF AVAILABLE or ext speaker jack on transceiver) TO MIC AUDIO INPUT OUTPUT 2N2222 TO PTT ON MIC 1 CONNECTOR 6 2.2 K 2 7 RTS 3 8 1N4001 4 DTR 1N4001 9 5 GND (CONTROL) TO GROUND ON MIC CONNECTOR INTERFACE CAUTION (ISOLATION & ATTENUATION) ANOTHER HOMEBREW RASCAL THE USB CONNECTOR • ALL NEW LAPTOP & DESKTOP COMPUTERS NO LONGER HAS COM PORTS. • A COM PORT TO USB (UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS) CONVERTER MUST BE USED. THOSE DIGITAL MODES • PACKET • Written Record • Faster Than Voice THOSE DIGITAL MODES • PSK31 • Most Popular Mode • Narrow Bandwidth THOSE DIGITAL MODES • RTTY • Each Bit 22ms Long • 45 Baud Most popular THOSE DIGITAL MODES • AMTOR • FSK Modulation • Not Very Popular