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The State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources: Country Report

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The State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources: Country Report MEXICO This country report is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, The Report on the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources. The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given by FAO in the document Guidelines for Preparation of Country Reports for the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources (2010). These guidelines set out recommendations for the objective, scope and structure of the country reports. Countries were requested to consider the current state of knowledge of forest genetic diversity, including: Between and within species diversity List of priority species; their roles and values and importance List of threatened/endangered species Threats, opportunities and challenges for the conservation, use and development of forest genetic resources These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents. The report is presented on www. fao.org/documents as supportive and contextual information to be used in conjunction with other documentation on world forest genetic resources. The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained in this report. Forest Genetic Resources Situation in Mexico Final Report on Project TCP/MEX/3301/MEX (4) Mexico 2012 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Mexico, January 2012 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers RUERXQGDULHV7KHPHQWLRQRI VSHFLÀFFRPSDQLHVRUSURGXFWVRI PDQXIDFWXUHUVZKHWKHURU not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily UHÁHFWWKHYLHZVRI)$2 ISBN 978-92-5-107275-2 All rights reserved. FAO encourages reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or WRWKH&KLHI3XEOLVKLQJ3ROLF\DQG6XSSRUW%UDQFK2IÀFHRI .QRZOHGJH([FKDQJH5HVHDUFK DQG([WHQVLRQ)$2 Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. © FAO 2012 Inform elaborated by Comisión Nacional Forestal (CONAFOR) in colaboration with Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO). Printing and graphic design: DANDA Thanks This inform of Forest Genetic Resources in Mexico, is an overall effort coordination result from CONAFOR personal and FAO technical consulting team, supported by FAO Representation in Mexico and FAO Headquarter Forestal departament in Rome. In particular participated in this work Juan 0DQXHO7RUUHV5RMR9tFWRU(GXDUGR6RVD&HGLOOR/XLV$UWHPLR$ORQVR7RUUHV Fernando Miranda Piedragil, Yanet Biviana García Cruz, Octavio Salvador Magaña Torres, José Armando Alanís de la Rosa, Alfredo Nolasco Morales, (XJHQLD 0DUtD %DUED 5REHUW 6RItD &RUWLQD 6HJRYLD $XUHOLR 0 )LHUURV *RQ]iOH].DULQD/L]HWWH3pUH]9LOOHJDV(ULNDGHO5RFtR/ySH]5RMDV)UDQFLVFR -DYLHU1XxH]&DVWDxHGD&DUORV(*RQ]iOH]'RPtQJXH]*HUPiQLFR*DOLFLD García, Salvador Anta Fonseca, José Carlos Fernández Ugalde, state managers and personal of germoplasma at national level, by CONAFOR, and Javier /ySH]8SWRQ&DUORV5DPtUH]+HUUHUD-HV~V-DVVR0DWD0DUFRV-LPpQH]&DVDV Manuel Aguilera Rodríguez, José Ricardo Sánchez Velázquez, Dante Arturo Rodríguez Trejo, by FAO. We also thanks participation of other Institutions and Secretaries which SDUWLFLSDWHGLQSDUWLFXODUWR0DULR$JXLODU+HUQiQGH]DQG-RVp$QJHO/ySH] /ySH] IURP ),352'()2 *XVWDYR $ORQVR &DEUHUD 5RGUtJXH] IURP '* &25(1$)UDQFLVFR-DYLHU)UDQFRÉYLODIURP352%2648(3HGUR%UDMFLFK *DOOHJRV DQG -XDQ %DXWLVWD 5HQWHUtD $QLPD IURP ,1,)$3 0 LQ (QULTXH .DWR 0LUDQGD IURP ,( RI *XDQDMXDWR -RVp 6DUXNKiQ .HUPH] DQG <HVVLFD 0RQWLHO$OPDQ]DIURP&21$%,20DUWLQ9DUJDV3ULHWRIURP6(0$51$7 C. Francisco Javier Medina González from CONANP and Nahum Sánchez Vargas from UMSNH. The review and graphic edition was made by Ing. Jonathan Martínez Cortés and /LF$VWULGÉOYDUH]+HUHGLDSHUVRQDOIURP)$25HSUHVHQWDWLRQLQ0p[LFR Forest Genetic Resources Situation in Mexico V Index Table Index IX Figures Index IX Annex Index XI $([HFXWLYHVXPPDU\ XII Chapter 1 Current State of Forest Genetic Resource diversity 1 1.1. Vegetation types in Mexico. 1 1.2. Genetic Diversity in forest species. 3 1.3. High priority forest species in Mexico 9 %HQHÀWVREWDLQHGIURPHFRV\VWHPVDQGIRUHVWVSHFLHV 12 1.5. Forest ecosystems and threatened species. 16 1.6. Risk analysis for loss of genetic resources due to catastrophes 18 1.7. Priorities to avoid the loss of genetic resources. 19 Chapter 2 In situ state of genetic conservation 21 2.1. Protected natural areas (PNA) in Mexico. 21 2.2. Forest areas with management plans. 23 2.3. Management units for wildlife conservation (WMU). 24 2.4. Conservation and promotion plans. 26 2.5. Strategies to maintain in situ collections. 27 Chapter 3 Ex situ state of genetic conservation. 31 3.1. Forest species included in ex situ conservation programmes 31 3.2. Ex situ conservation plantations established in the country. 32 3.3. Ex situ conservation infrastructure. 52 3.4. Arboretums and botanical gardens established in Mexico. 58 3.5. Use and transference of germplasm inside and outside the country. 60 'RFXPHQWDWLRQDQGRIÀFLDOFKDUDFWHULVDWLRQRIJHUPSODVP 61 3.7.Measures used to maintain and promote ex situ conserva- tion. 61 Chapter 4 State of the use and sustainable ordering of forest genetic resources. 65 4.1.Genetic improvement objectives. 65 4.2.Genetic improvement level. 65 4.3.Degree of use of reproduction materials in improved for- ests in the country. 68 4.4.Measures taken to promote the use of genetically improved material. 68 4.5.Programmes of participatory selection of forest trees in the country . 68 4.6.Information systems on forest genetic improvement. 69 4.7. Species in which germplasm exchange is possible. 70 4.8. Improved species from which germplasm can be produced on a commercial scale. 70 VI Forest Genetic Resources Situation in Mexico &ODVVLÀFDWLRQRILPSURYHGUHSURGXFWLYHPDWHULDOEHLQJ used in the country. 71 4.10. Varieties produced in the country. 72 4.11. Public presentation of improved genetic materials. 72 4.12. Priorities to improve ex situ conservation. 72 Chapter 5 State of programmes, research, education, training and legislation in the country. 75 5.1. Institutions participating in the protection and promo- tion of forest genetic resources. 75 5.2. National genetic resources programme. 77 5.3. Judicial framework for strategies, plans and pro- grammes for forest genetic resources. 78 5.4. Support for the national forest genetic resources pro- gramme. 79 (GXFDWLRQUHVHDUFKDQGWUDLQLQJ 80 5.6. Opportunities for education and training in other coun- tries. 85 /HJLVODWLRQSHUWLQHQWWRIRUHVWJHQHWLFUHVRXUFHV 85 5.8. Agreements and international covenants in which Mexico participates. 86 5.9. Obstacles in the develpoment of relevant rules and laws for forest genetic resources. 88 5.10. Management of information systems in support of the sustainable use, development and conservation of forest genetic resources. 88 5.11. Sensibility towards the importance of forest genetic 89 resources. 5.12. Challenges, needs and main priorities for the main- WHQDQFHRUIRUWLÀFDWLRQRIDQDWLRQDOSURJUDPPHIRUIRUHVW genetic resources in Mexico within the next 10 years. 91 Chapter 6 State of regional and international contribution. 93 6.1. Thematic networks on forest genetic resources. 93 6.2. Needs and priorities for creating or fortifying national and international networks for forest genetic resources. 94 6.3. Other organisations and main results in those pro- grammes. 96 6.4. Mexican needs and priorities with regard to future inter- national contribution. 99 &KDSWHU)RUHVWJHQHWLFUHVRXUFHVDFFHVVDQGEHQHÀWV 101 7.1. Access to forest genetic resources in Mexico. 101 7.2. Access to forest genetic resources situated outside the country. 103 'LVWULEXWLRQRIEHQHÀWVGHULYHGIURPIRUHVWJHQHWLF resources. 105 7.4. Priorities for improving use and access for forest genetic resources . 106 Forest Genetic Resources Situation in Mexico VII Chapter 8 Contribution of forest genetic resources to food security, reduction of poverty, and sustainable development 109 8.1. National priorities and contribution to forest genetic resources in economic, social and environmental aspects 109 8.2. Contributions of the management of forest genetic resources to the Millenium Development Goals 111 8.3. Forest species of importance to food security and the reduction of poverty. 113 Bibliographic references. 115 Annexes 125 Forest Genetic Resources Situation in Mexico IX Index of Tables Table 1.1 Estimated types of vegetation and forest area in Mexico between 2002 and 2007, and loss of coverage during this period (FAO, 2010). 2 Table 1.2 Native species that have been genetically characterised. (SEMARNAT, 2012). 4 Table 1.3*HQHWLFGLYHUVLW\ +H
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