Industry Insight New Zealand Ports and Freight Yearbook 2019 New Zealand ports and freight yearbook 2019 | Contents Contents Introduction 3 Glossary 4 Global Perspectives 6 In Focus 17 Beyond Supply Chains 22 Domestic Environment 30 New Zealand Freight Task 33 Port Performance 42 Port Summaries 54 Our Infrastructure & Capital Projects Offering 67 2 New Zealand ports and freight yearbook 2019 | Introduction Introduction The Deloitte New Zealand Ports and We are pleased to release this Freight Yearbook presents a concise Yearbook as part of Deloitte’s recently snapshot of macroeconomic and established Infrastructure & Capital domestic drivers of New Zealand port Projects (ICP) integrated market and freight activity. Additionally, we offering. include insight pieces on key trends in the shipping industry. We welcome Our domestic and global network of your feedback and look forward to ICP professionals, allow us to bring future discussion and engagement. together deep skills to address all aspects of infrastructure development The Yearbook has again been and operation. prepared with contribution from Deloitte’s specialist economic advisory Our ICP services help clients to: team, Deloitte Access Economics, who develop investment confidence; have provided global and domestic effectively plan, manage and control a economic insights. We also welcome project’s cost and schedule; and better input from our Consulting service line manage and optimise existing assets on the role of ports in the digital (often through digital transformations supply network and how this role will that increase a client’s capability to shape the implementation of digital control and operate their technologies. infrastructure). This years ‘In Focus’ pieces include the impact of the new Marpol Annex 6 low sulphur fuel regulations, the piloting of hydrogen production and refuelling facilities, and smart containers. The Yearbook also presents recent data on the New Zealand freight task alongside operational and financial performance data for New Zealand’s major ports. 3 New Zealand ports and freight yearbook 2019 | Glossary Glossary Brexit United Kingdom’s Exit from the European Union NZTA New Zealand Transport Agency CCFI China Containerised Freight Index OCR Official Cash Rate CNG Compressed Natural Gas OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development EBIT Earnings Before Interest and Tax ONE Ocean Network Express EIA Energy Information Administration PPP Public Private Partnership FEU Forty-foot Equivalent Unit RBNZ Reserve Bank of New Zealand FIGS Freight Information Gathering System RCD Remote Container Device FTA Free Trade Agreement RCM Remote Container Management GDP Gross Domestic Product RORO Roll-on Roll-off GFC Global Financial Crisis T&L Transport and Logistics GT Gross Tonnes TEU Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit HFO Heavy Fuel Oil TPP Trans Pacific Partnership ICP Infrastructure & Capital Projects TWI Trade Weighted Index IMF International Monetary Fund ULSFO Ultra Low Sulphur Fuel Oil IMO International Maritime Organisation USMCA United States-Mexico-Canada Free Trade Agreement IoT Internet of Things WTO World Trade Organisation LNG Liquefied Natural Gas LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas MoT Ministry of Transport NFDS National Freight Demands Study NPAT Net Profit after Tax NZIER New Zealand Institute of Economic Research Inc 4 New Zealand ports and freight yearbook 2019 | Glossary Glossary COUNTRIES PORTS BRA Brazil AKL Ports of Auckland CHN China BLU Southport (Bluff) DEU Germany EST Eastland Port IDN Indonesia LYT Lyttelton Port of Christchurch IND India MLB Port Marlborough JPN Japan NPE Napier Port KOR South Korea NPL Port Taranaki MYS Malaysia NSN Port Nelson SAU Saudi Arabia NTH Northport THA Thailand POE Port of Otago TWN Taiwan TIU PrimePort Timaru USA United States of America TRG Port of Tauranga VNM Vietnam WLG CentrePort (Wellington) TRADE ROUTES AS-ME Asia to Middle East Trade Route AS-Med Asian to Mediterranean Trade Route AS-NA Asia to North America Trade Route AS-NE Asia to Northern Europe Trade Route AS-SA Asia to South America Trade Route AUS-FE Australia to Far East Trade Route NA-SA North America to South America Trade Route NE-NA Northern Europe to North America Trade Route NE-SA Northern Europe to South America Trade Route 5 Global Perspectives 6 New Zealand ports and freight yearbook 2019 | Global Perspectives Global perspectives – Deloitte Access Economics Global economy Steady economic growth and a strong China’s ongoing trade dispute with the US The current period can be categorised as labour market in the United States (US) is of particular importance with a current one of higher risk aversion compared to The global economy has softened after saw the Federal Reserve increase the halt on tariff increases in place. previous years. Rising trade tensions and weaker performance in some economies federal funds rate by a total of 100 basis Representatives from both parties are deeper-than-expected contractions in in the second half of 2018. The points over the course of 2018 to a aiming to close a deal by late April. developing economies such as Turkey and International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) current range of 2.25-2.5%. Guidance Failure to resolve this dispute would have Argentina have led investors to lower World Economic Outlook (January 2019) suggests it will remain around this level in a wide-ranging negative impact on global their exposure to riskier assets. estimates global gross domestic product 2019 with US GDP growth projected to be economies. (GDP) growth has remained at 3.7% in It is clear that the pending outcome of lower than in previous years at 2.0%. 2018, in line with 2017 growth. Decreases in global growth projections for trade disputes will have a determining China is facing a slowdown in GDP growth 2019 are primarily attributed to the impact on growth in 2019. The signing of The global outlook is for a slight slow- due in part to financial regulatory economic slowdown in China combined the US-Mexico-Canada free trade down in growth for 2019 and 2020, to tightening and escalating trade tensions. with unresolved trade tensions globally. agreement (USMCA), and the US-China 3.5% and 3.6% respectively. This is lower GDP growth is projected to be 6.2% in Further concerns surround the stability of 90-day halt on tariff increases at the end than current levels but still higher than 2019, following the downward trend of Italy’s fiscal policy, where sovereign yields of 2018 represented meaningful steps the average 3.3% rate achieved in the recent years. remain high. Other negative shocks to towards de-escalating trade tensions. years following the 2008 Global Financial global growth forecasts include new auto However, global uncertainty surrounding Crisis (GFC). fuel emission standards in Germany and the Brexit deal and negotiations between weakening financial market sentiment. the US and China remain. If these trade disputes can be resolved in a co-operative The United Kingdom’s (UK) negotiations Real GDP growth (annual change) and timely manner growth outcomes may with the European Union over its pending 20 exceed baseline projections. exit (Brexit) remain ongoing. This casts 15 further uncertainty over global markets. However, the current outlook is tilted to The final terms of the deal regarding the downside. Both the UK and Europe, 10 Forecast trade, migration and financial access to and the US and China, face a difficult the single market are eagerly awaited as negotiation process with the concern that % 5 failure to secure a favourable deal would trade negotiation breakdowns will lead to harm the UK labour market and economy. an increase in tariff barriers. It is - expected that all global trading partners Increased euro-scepticism is also on the would suffer as a result. In this case, (5) rise in other parts of Europe which may global growth rates may fall short of affect future European parliamentary projections, which are already on a (10) election outcomes. Combined with an Australia China India downward trend. New Zealand United States World impending Brexit, this threatens to disrupt Euro area the region’s economic environment. Source: IMF world economic outlook 7 New Zealand ports and freight yearbook 2019 | Global Perspectives Global perspectives – Deloitte Access Economics Global trade Broadly speaking, New Zealand’s trade New Zealand’s ‘Trade for All’ agenda Of particular note is New Zealand’s policy consists of multilateral negotiations, includes a number of key principles that support of multi-lateral negotiations and a Global trade activity continues to grow, Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements inform the future direction of trade with focus on the Asia-Pacific region. yet at a lower rate than seen in previous (BRTAs) and unilateral action to reduce New Zealand. years. IMF forecasts show that world New Zealand’s import tariffs. The first two trade volumes grew by 4.0% in 2018. aspects of trade policy mentioned have an This growth was at a more moderate pace external focus, while the latter aspect has than earlier 2018 estimates, with 2019 a domestic focus. Free Trade Agreements in force and 2020 forecasts predicting trade ASEAN-Australia New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA) expansion will remain at 4.0% in the New Zealand has been a strong advocate New Zealand-China Free Trade Agreement coming years. of free trade and at the forefront of Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership (P4) negotiating bilateral and multilateral free The flat lining of trade growth is in part trade agreements.