The Chronicles of Georgetown, D.C., from 1751-1878
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THE CHRONICLES OP GEORGETOWN, D.C. FROM 1751 TO 1878. BY RrcHARD P. JACKSON, A NATIVE OF GEORGETOWN, AND MEMB)JR OF THE WABBINGTON BAR, "I loi,ed her .from m.lJ boyhood-she to me Was as a fairy city of the heart." WASHINGTON, D. C. : R. 0. POLKINHORN, PRINTER, 1878. Entered, according to the Act of Congress, In the year 1878, By RICHARD P. JACKSON, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. TO MY ELDEST SON, Yf lLLIE fa· ,ACKSON, A PRINTER BY OCCUPATION, TO WHOM I AM GREATLY INDEBTED FOR THE FAITHFUL PUBLICATION OF THIS WORK j AND TO THE f ITIZENs OF p-EoRGETOWN, I RESPECTFULLY DEDICATE THIS VOLUME. PREFACE. 0 compile this book, during my leisure hours, has ¢ been more a labor of love than an expectation of gain; to snatch from oblivion what otherwise would be lost, and to refresh the memories of our citi zens of the facts and events that have transpired in a lifetime, and leave to the rising generation a history of the town (though imperfect) to which reference can be made to learn how our ancestors struggled amidst adversity to build a city, with churches and institutions of learning, that should be a credit to themselves and a benefit to posterity. What little knowledge I possess I have gleaned from the citizens of Georgetown, among whom I was born and reared; and what little property I enjoy I owe to their patronage. The older citizens of the town were well acquainted with the father of the Chronicler.-He was no general; he never com manded an army and slew thousands of men and . gained a victory; neither was be the governor of a province, and starved the peasantry to feed an idle court, but a peaceable, quiet citizen, a store-keeper by occupation; and when be died, he left the Chronicler, then thirteen years of age, an heir to bis good repu tation. To the Lady Superior of the Academy of the Visi tation, and to General Humphreys and Major Weiss of the Engineer Department ; to Colonel Theodore Samo, of the Washington Aqueduct; to Benjamin Fawcett, clerk of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Com pany; to Rev. J. S. Sumner, S. J., editor of the College Jour11al; to Josiah Dent, president of the Linthicum Institute, and Charles M. Matthews, Joseph Libbey, William Shoemaker, M. D., William W. Winship, secretary to trustees of Presbyterian Church, and other . citizens, I feel grateful for their kind assistance to me while compiling this book. THE CHRONICLER. TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAGE, INDIAN HISTORY ............................................ 1 How THE TowN WAS LAID ouT....... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ... 8 COPY FROM A LAND PATENT ...................... "................... 6 TEST OATH,.................................................................. 6 DIVISIONS OF THE TOWN AND REFERENCE TO THE DEED Boox:s IN WHICH TUEY ARE RECORDED ...... .,....................... 7 CHARTER. AS AMENDED, AND IN FORCE FROM 1789 TO 1871... 9 SKETCH OF THE TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDINGS................... 28 WHO FRAMED THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION....................... 84 WILLIAM WmT.......................................... .. 85 LUDICROUS SCENES .................................... .. 87 DUELS......................................................................... 88 DEPRESSION IN BusINE~s ... ,............................ ............. · 89 BEGINNI_NG OF THE CANAL...... .. ............ .... ...... ... ... ... ...... 40 CHANNEL OF THE RIVER...... ...... .... ......... ... ...... ...... ...... ... 48 CONTEST FOR THE UPPER AND LOWER ROADS LEADING TO FALL'S BRIDGE .. ,.................................................. 45 THE HOLLAND LOAN...................................................... 46 OP.POSITION TO THE ALEXANDRIA AQUEDUCT...................... 46 B.A.SIS OF AN AGREEMENT FOR THE CONSOLIDATION OF WASH- INGTON CITY AND GEORGETOWN ......... ;.................... 47 SKETCH OF ITS LEGISLATION............................................ 53 OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION....................................... 57 NAMES OF THE STREETS ....................... N ...... ....... •• ......... 60 ILLUMINATING THE TowN ,;....... _.,..... ...... ..... ...... ...... ...... 61 ANTS FROM THE WEST INDIES......................................... 62 A ·BREEZE IN TowN :..... ...... ........ ...... ......... ...... ......... ... 63 VIII LONG BRIDGE,,,............................................................ 64 POPULATION.................................................................. 68 CHAPTER II. PoT0111Ac R1vER .... .. •.• ...... ... ......... .... .... •• . .... •• .. •. •• ••.••. •.. 69 ICE-FLOES ............................................................. ••·••• 71 THE CAUSEWAY ..................... ······.................................. 72 FRESHETS .................. ······••,···· •••••••••••• ······..................... 74 COLD '\VINTERS............... ......... ...... ............... ............ ...... 75 SEVENTEEN-YEAR LOCUSTS ............................ .. 78 CHAPTER III. POTOJIIAC CANAL............................................................ 80 FALLS BRIDGE............................................................... 81 MILITARY CoMPANIES .................................. _ •• ,......... •••••• 87 CONTESTED ELECTIONS................................................... 89 BANKS IN GEORGETOWN •••..• ·········............................. ...... 93 CHAPTER IV. POST-OFFICE AND CUSTOM-HOUSE........................... •••••• 99 LIST OF PosTll!ASTERs ................. ; ...........................,.... 101 COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS................................................ 101 MARKET HousE....... ...... ......... ...... ...... •••.•• •••••• ...... ......... 102 FIRE COMPANIES ...................................................... •••··• 104 DESTRUCTION BY THE FLA111ES ..................... - ......... ........ 106 METROPOLITAN RAILROAD .....· ....................... - ......... ...... ... 108 LIST OF NEWSPAPERS ................................. _.:....... ...... 110 LITERATI....................................................................... 110 CHAPTER V. Pooa-HousE, AND WILL OF JoHN BARNES....................... 112 DONATION OF w. w. CORCORAN .... ... ...... ....................... 117 COMMERCE........................ ...... ...... ...... ........ •• ............... 118 ALEXANDRIA AQUEDUCT............................................ ...... 126 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT ....... .,.,.,,........ """.,,.,.,.,..,......... 130 IX CHAPTER VI. CATHOLIC TRINITY CHURCH............................................ 140 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH................... ........ •••••• ••• • •••••• •••••• 143 ST. JOHN'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH........................................ 168 CHRIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH............................................. 188 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH........................................ 204 METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH ......... ••••·•••••• •••••••• ••••••••• 205 GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH............... ......... ........ •••••• •••••• 209 BAPTIST CHURCH .••••••••••• ············.................................... 213 COLORED C11URC11ES .......... ......... ..................... ••••••••• .••••• 214 CHAPTER VII. GEORGETOWN COLLEGE.......... ••••••••• .................... •••••••••••• 215 THE MONASTERY AND ACADEMY OF THE VISITATION ••• •••••••• 226 GEORGETOWN CoLLBGIATE INSTITUTE·•••••••• ......... ••••••......... 280 PEABODY LIBRARY.......................................................... 280 LINTHICUM INSTITUTE •••••••••••••••••••• •·•••••••••••• ••••••••• ......... 288 PUBLIC SCHOOLS............................................................ 244 CHAPTER VIII. OAK HILL CEMETERY-GENEROSITY OF w. w. CORCORAN... 264 I HOLYROOD CEMETERY...................................................... 268 PRESBYTERIAN BuRYili'G-GROUND.......................... ...... •••••• 268 METHODIST BURYING-GROUND.......................................... 270 CHAPTER IX. HISTORY OF PoTOMAO LoDGE, No. 5, F. A. A. M.. ......... 271 SKETCH OF THE CHESAPEAKE & OHIO CANAL ................. ,.... 297 THE OUTLET LOOK....................................................... 883 ACT OF CONGRESS PROVIDING J.. FORM OF GOVERNMENT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA •• ••••• ......... .......... 885 CHRONICLES OF GEORGETOWN. CHA~ER I. INDIAN HISTORY-How THE TowN WAS LAID ouT-CoPY FROM A LAND PATENT-TEST OATH-DIVISIONS OF THE TOWN AND REl!' ERENCE TO THII: DEED BOOKS IN WHICH THEY ARE RECORDED CHARTER AS AMENDED, AND IN FORCE FROM 1789 TO 1871- SKETCH OF THE TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDINGS-WHO FRAMED THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION-WILLIAM WmT-LUDICROUS 8CENES-DUELs....:DEPRESSION IN BUSINESS AND BEGINNING OF THE CANAL-CHANNEL OF THE RIVER1 AND CONTEST FOR THE UPPER AND LOWER ROADS LEADING TO FALL'S BRIDGE-THE HOLi.AND LOAN1 411D OPPOSITION TO THE ALEXANDRIA AQUE DUCT-BASIS OF 4N AGREEMENT FOR THE CONSOLIDATION OF WASHINGTON CITY AND GEORGETOWN-SKETCH OF ITS LEGISLA TION-OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION-NAMES OF THE STREETS -ILLUMINATING THE TowN-ANTS FROM THE WEST INDIES A BREEZE IN TowN-LoNG BRIDGE-POPULATION. The original inhabitants of Maryland, out of which the District of Columbia was carved, were Indians. According t9 a letter written by Captain John Smith in 1626, to Queen Anne of Great Britian, who had been sent to America to explore the Chesapeake Bay, and the coast of Maryland, reported that more than forty tribes of Indians inhabited the shores of Mary land and Virginia. The principal tribes were the Manahoacs, the Powhatans, and the Monacans. It is generally believed that the Powhatans occupied that space of <muntry between the Chesapeake Bay 2 INDIAN