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Development of a Dynamically Extensible Spinnaker Chip Computing Module
FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO Development of a Dynamically Extensible SpiNNaker Chip Computing Module Rui Emanuel Gonçalves Calado Araújo Master in Electrical and Computers Engineering Supervisor: Jörg Conradt Co-Supervisor: Diamantino Freitas January 27, 2014 Resumo O projeto SpiNNaker desenvolveu uma arquitetura que é capaz de criar um sistema com mais de um milhão de núcleos, com o objetivo de simular mais de um bilhão de neurónios em tempo real biológico. O núcleo deste sistema é o "chip" SpiNNaker, um multiprocessador System-on-Chip com um elevado nível de interligação entre as suas unidades de processamento. Apesar de ser uma plataforma de computação com muito potencial, até para aplicações genéricas, atualmente é ape- nas disponibilizada em configurações fixas e requer uma estação de trabalho, como uma máquina tipo "desktop" ou "laptop" conectada através de uma conexão Ethernet, para a sua inicialização e receber o programa e os dados a processar. No sentido de tirar proveito das capacidades do "chip" SpiNNaker noutras áreas, como por exemplo, na área da robótica, nomeadamente no caso de robots voadores ou de tamanho pequeno, uma nova solução de hardware com software configurável tem de ser projetada de forma a poder selecionar granularmente a quantidade do poder de processamento. Estas novas capacidades per- mitem que a arquitetura SpiNNaker possa ser utilizada em mais aplicações para além daquelas para que foi originalmente projetada. Esta dissertação apresenta um módulo de computação dinamicamente extensível baseado em "chips" SpiNNaker com a finalidade de ultrapassar as limitações supracitadas das máquinas SpiN- Naker atualmente disponíveis. Esta solução consiste numa única placa com um microcontrolador, que emula um "chip" SpiNNaker com uma ligação Ethernet, acessível através de uma porta série e com um "chip" SpiNNaker. -
Administració De Sistemes GNU Linux Mòdul4 Administració
Administració local Josep Jorba Esteve PID_00238577 GNUFDL • PID_00238577 Administració local Es garanteix el permís per a copiar, distribuir i modificar aquest document segons els termes de la GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 o qualsevol altra de posterior publicada per la Free Software Foundation, sense seccions invariants ni textos de la oberta anterior o posterior. Podeu consultar els termes de la llicència a http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.html. GNUFDL • PID_00238577 Administració local Índex Introducció.................................................................................................. 5 1. Eines bàsiques per a l'administrador........................................... 7 1.1. Eines gràfiques i línies de comandes .......................................... 8 1.2. Documents d'estàndards ............................................................. 10 1.3. Documentació del sistema en línia ............................................ 13 1.4. Eines de gestió de paquets .......................................................... 15 1.4.1. Paquets TGZ ................................................................... 16 1.4.2. Fedora/Red Hat: paquets RPM ....................................... 19 1.4.3. Debian: paquets DEB ..................................................... 24 1.4.4. Nous formats d'empaquetat: Snap i Flatpak .................. 28 1.5. Eines genèriques d'administració ................................................ 36 1.6. Altres eines ................................................................................. -
Storage Administration Guide Storage Administration Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP4
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP4 Storage Administration Guide Storage Administration Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP4 Provides information about how to manage storage devices on a SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. Publication Date: September 24, 2021 SUSE LLC 1800 South Novell Place Provo, UT 84606 USA https://documentation.suse.com Copyright © 2006– 2021 SUSE LLC and contributors. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or (at your option) version 1.3; with the Invariant Section being this copyright notice and license. A copy of the license version 1.2 is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. For SUSE trademarks, see https://www.suse.com/company/legal/ . All other third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Trademark symbols (®, ™ etc.) denote trademarks of SUSE and its aliates. Asterisks (*) denote third-party trademarks. All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SUSE LLC, its aliates, the authors nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof. Contents About This Guide xii 1 Available Documentation xii 2 Giving Feedback xiv 3 Documentation Conventions xiv 4 Product Life Cycle and Support xvi Support Statement for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server xvii • Technology Previews xviii I FILE SYSTEMS AND MOUNTING 1 1 Overview -
Study of File System Evolution
Study of File System Evolution Swaminathan Sundararaman, Sriram Subramanian Department of Computer Science University of Wisconsin {swami, srirams} @cs.wisc.edu Abstract File systems have traditionally been a major area of file systems are typically developed and maintained by research and development. This is evident from the several programmer across the globe. At any point in existence of over 50 file systems of varying popularity time, for a file system, there are three to six active in the current version of the Linux kernel. They developers, ten to fifteen patch contributors but a single represent a complex subsystem of the kernel, with each maintainer. These people communicate through file system employing different strategies for tackling individual file system mailing lists [14, 16, 18] various issues. Although there are many file systems in submitting proposals for new features, enhancements, Linux, there has been no prior work (to the best of our reporting bugs, submitting and reviewing patches for knowledge) on understanding how file systems evolve. known bugs. The problems with the open source We believe that such information would be useful to the development approach is that all communication is file system community allowing developers to learn buried in the mailing list archives and aren’t easily from previous experiences. accessible to others. As a result when new file systems are developed they do not leverage past experience and This paper looks at six file systems (Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, could end up re-inventing the wheel. To make things JFS, ReiserFS, and XFS) from a historical perspective worse, people could typically end up doing the same (between kernel versions 1.0 to 2.6) to get an insight on mistakes as done in other file systems. -
Free and Open Source Software Is Not a “Free for All”: German Court Enforces GPL License Terms
Free and Open Source Software Is Not A “Free For All”: German Court Enforces GPL License Terms The GNU General Public License, computer programs, and to guarantee version 2 (GPLv2) scores another the same rights to the recipients of court victory for the free and/or open works licensed under the GPLv2. source software (FOSS) community. Although the open-source movement The GPLv2 carries important has been active for nearly two conditions, however, most notably— decades, globally there are only and critical for its viability—that any a handful of cases in which a FOSS distribution of software licensed under license has been reviewed by — let the GPLv2 must be accompanied with alone receive the imprimatur of the “complete corresponding machine- enforceability from — a court. The readable source code” or “a written latest case hails from Germany and offer … to give any third party … a serves to underscore the importance complete machine-readable copy of of proper FOSS-license compliance the corresponding source code”. throughout the software development GPLv2, Sections 3(a) and 3(b). process and supply chain, including During a “Hacking for Compliance the obligation of distributors to Workshop” organized in Berlin in 2012 independently verify FOSS-license by the Free Software Foundation compliance representations from their Europe, the source code package for a suppliers. media player with GNU/Linux-based Welte v. Fantec firmware inside was found not to contain the source code for the Harald Welte, founder of gpl- iptables components. It was also violations.org (a non-profit discovered that the source code for organization aiming at the other device components was not the enforcement of GPL license terms), is same version used to compile the the owner of “netfilter/iptables” firmware’s binary code. -
Linux: Kernel Release Number, Part II
Linux: Kernel Release Number, Part II Posted by jeremy on Friday, March 4, 2005 - 07:05 In the continued discussion on release numbering for the Linux kernel [story], Linux creator Linus Torvalds decided against trying to add meaning to the odd/even least significant number. Instead, the new plan is to go from the current 2.6.x numbering to a finer-grained 2.6.x.y. Linus will continue to maintain only the 2.6.x releases, and the -rc releases in between. Others will add trivial patches to create the 2.6.x.y releases. Linus cautions that the task of maintaining a 2.6.x.y tree is not going to be enjoyable: "I'll tell you what the problem is: I don't think you'll find anybody to do the parallell 'only trivial patches' tree. They'll go crazy in a couple of weeks. Why? Because it's a _damn_ hard problem. Where do you draw the line? What's an acceptable patch? And if you get it wrong, people will complain _very_ loudly, since by now you've 'promised' them a kernel that is better than the mainline. In other words: there's almost zero glory, there are no interesting problems, and there will absolutely be people who claim that you're a dick-head and worse, probably on a weekly basis." He went on to add, "that said, I think in theory it's a great idea. It might even be technically feasible if there was some hard technical criteria for each patch that gets accepted, so that you don't have the burn-out problem." His suggested criteria included limiting the patch to being 100 lines or less, and requiring that it fix an oops, a hang, or an exploitable security hole. -
Open Source Software Notice
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE DCS Touch Display Software V2.00.XXX Schüco International KG Karolinenstraße 1-15 33609 Bielefeld OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE Seite 1 von 32 10000507685_02_EN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE This document contains information about open source software for this product. The rights granted under open source software licenses are granted by the respective right holders. In the event of conflicts between SCHÜCO’S license conditions and the applicable open source licenses, the open source license conditions take precedence over SCHÜCO’S license conditions with regard to the respective open source software. You are allowed to modify SCHÜCO’S proprietary programs and to conduct reverse engineering for the purpose of debugging such modifications, to the extent such programs are linked to libraries licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License. You are not allowed to distribute information resulting from such reverse engineering or to distribute the modified proprietary programs. The rightholders of the open source software require to refer to the following disclaimer, which shall apply with regard to those rightholders: Warranty Disclaimer THE OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE IN THIS PRODUCT IS DISTRIBUTED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND IN THE HOPE THAT IT WILL BE USEFUL, BUT WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, WITHOUT EVEN THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. SEE THE APPLICABLE LICENSES FOR MORE DETAILS. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE Seite 2 von 32 10000507685_02_EN Copyright Notices and License Texts (please see the source code for all details) Software: iptables Copyright notice: Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Copyright Google, Inc. -
ECE 598 – Advanced Operating Systems Lecture 19
ECE 598 { Advanced Operating Systems Lecture 19 Vince Weaver http://web.eece.maine.edu/~vweaver [email protected] 7 April 2016 Announcements • Homework #7 was due • Homework #8 will be posted 1 Why use FAT over ext2? • FAT simpler, easy to code • FAT supported on all major OSes • ext2 faster, more robust filename and permissions 2 btrfs • B-tree fs (similar to a binary tree, but with pages full of leaves) • overwrite filesystem (overwite on modify) vs CoW • Copy on write. When write to a file, old data not overwritten. Since old data not over-written, crash recovery better Eventually old data garbage collected • Data in extents 3 • Copy-on-write • Forest of trees: { sub-volumes { extent-allocation { checksum tree { chunk device { reloc • On-line defragmentation • On-line volume growth 4 • Built-in RAID • Transparent compression • Snapshots • Checksums on data and meta-data • De-duplication • Cloning { can make an exact snapshot of file, copy-on- write different than link, different inodles but same blocks 5 Embedded • Designed to be small, simple, read-only? • romfs { 32 byte header (magic, size, checksum,name) { Repeating files (pointer to next [0 if none]), info, size, checksum, file name, file data • cramfs 6 ZFS Advanced OS from Sun/Oracle. Similar in idea to btrfs indirect still, not extent based? 7 ReFS Resilient FS, Microsoft's answer to brtfs and zfs 8 Networked File Systems • Allow a centralized file server to export a filesystem to multiple clients. • Provide file level access, not just raw blocks (NBD) • Clustered filesystems also exist, where multiple servers work in conjunction. -
Linux Platform 3.0.5
Open Source Used In Linux Platform 3.0.5 Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com Cisco has more than 200 offices worldwide. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco website at www.cisco.com/go/offices. Text Part Number: 78EE117C99-140544257 Open Source Used In Linux Platform 3.0.5 1 This document contains licenses and notices for open source software used in this product. With respect to the free/open source software listed in this document, if you have any questions or wish to receive a copy of any source code to which you may be entitled under the applicable free/open source license(s) (such as the GNU Lesser/General Public License), please contact us at [email protected]. In your requests please include the following reference number 78EE117C99-140544257 The product also uses the Linux operating system, Centos Full 6.8. Information on this distribution is available at http://vault.centos.org/6.8/os/Source/SPackages/. The full source code for this distribution, including copyright and license information, is available on request from [email protected]. Mention that you would like the Linux distribution source archive, and quote the following reference number for this distribution: 132404382-140544257. Contents 1.1 acl - libraries 2.2.49 :6.el6 1.1.1 Available under license 1.2 atop 1.27 :2.el6 1.2.1 Available under license 1.3 attr_libattr 2.4.44 :7.el6 1.3.1 Available under license 1.4 avahi 0.6.25 :15.el6_8.1 1.4.1 Available under license 1.5 bind 9.8.2 :0.47.rc1.el6_8.3 -
NVIDIA CUDA on IBM POWER8: Technical Overview, Software Installation, and Application Development
Redpaper Dino Quintero Wei Li Wainer dos Santos Moschetta Mauricio Faria de Oliveira Alexander Pozdneev NVIDIA CUDA on IBM POWER8: Technical overview, software installation, and application development Overview The exploitation of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPUs) and modern multi-core processors in a single heterogeneous parallel system has proven highly efficient for running several technical computing workloads. This applied to a wide range of areas such as chemistry, bioinformatics, molecular biology, engineering, and big data analytics. Recently launched, the IBM® Power System S824L comes into play to explore the use of the NVIDIA Tesla K40 GPU, combined with the latest IBM POWER8™ processor, providing a unique technology platform for high performance computing. This IBM Redpaper™ publication discusses the installation of the system, and the development of C/C++ and Java applications using the NVIDIA CUDA platform for IBM POWER8. Note: CUDA stands for Compute Unified Device Architecture. It is a parallel computing platform and programming model created by NVIDIA and implemented by the GPUs that they produce. The following topics are covered: Advantages of NVIDIA on POWER8 The IBM Power Systems S824L server Software stack System monitoring Application development Tuning and debugging Application examples © Copyright IBM Corp. 2015. All rights reserved. ibm.com/redbooks 1 Advantages of NVIDIA on POWER8 The IBM and NVIDIA partnership was announced in November 2013, for the purpose of integrating IBM POWER®-based systems with NVIDIA GPUs, and enablement of GPU-accelerated applications and workloads. The goal is to deliver higher performance and better energy efficiency to companies and data centers. This collaboration produced its initial results in 2014 with: The announcement of the first IBM POWER8 system featuring NVIDIA Tesla GPUs (IBM Power Systems™ S824L). -
Ivoyeur: Inotify
COLUMNS iVoyeur inotify DAVE JOSEPHSEN Dave Josephsen is the he last time I changed jobs, the magnitude of the change didn’t really author of Building a sink in until the morning of my first day, when I took a different com- Monitoring Infrastructure bination of freeways to work. The difference was accentuated by the with Nagios (Prentice Hall T PTR, 2007) and is Senior fact that the new commute began the same as the old one, but on this morn- Systems Engineer at DBG, Inc., where he ing, at a particular interchange, I would zig where before I zagged. maintains a gaggle of geographically dispersed It was an unexpectedly emotional and profound metaphor for the change. My old place was server farms. He won LISA ‘04’s Best Paper off to the side, and down below, while my future was straight ahead, and literally under award for his co-authored work on spam construction. mitigation, and he donates his spare time to the SourceMage GNU Linux Project. The fact that it was under construction was poetic but not surprising. Most of the roads I [email protected] travel in the Dallas/Fort Worth area are under construction and have been for as long as anyone can remember. And I don’t mean a lane closed here or there. Our roads drift and wan- der like leaves in the water—here today and tomorrow over there. The exits and entrances, neither a part of this road or that, seem unable to anticipate the movements of their brethren, and are constantly forced to react. -
Elinos Product Overview
SYSGO Product Overview ELinOS 7 Industrial Grade Linux ELinOS is a SYSGO Linux distribution to help developers save time and effort by focusing on their application. Our Industrial Grade Linux with user-friendly IDE goes along with the best selection of software packages to meet our cog linux Qt LOCK customers needs, and with the comfort of world-class technical support. ELinOS now includes Docker support Feature LTS Qt Open SSH Configurator Kernel embedded Open VPN in order to isolate applications running on the same system. laptop Q Bug Shield-Virus Docker Eclipse-based QEMU-based Application Integrated Docker IDE HW Emulators Debugging Firewall Support ELINOS FEATURES MANAGING EMBEDDED LINUX VERSATILITY • Industrial Grade Creating an Embedded Linux based system is like solving a puzzle and putting • Eclipse-based IDE for embedded the right pieces together. This requires a deep knowledge of Linux’s versatility Systems (CODEO) and takes time for the selection of components, development of Board Support • Multiple Linux kernel versions Packages and drivers, and testing of the whole system – not only for newcomers. incl. Kernel 4.19 LTS with real-time enhancements With ELinOS, SYSGO offers an ‘out-of-the-box’ experience which allows to focus • Quick and easy target on the development of competitive applications itself. ELinOS incorporates the system configuration appropriate tools, such as a feature configurator to help you build the system and • Hardware Emulation (QEMU) boost your project success, including a graphical configuration front-end with a • Extensive file system support built-in integrity validation. • Application debugging • Target analysis APPLICATION & CONFIGURATION ENVIRONMENT • Runs out-of-the-box on PikeOS • Validated and tested for In addition to standard tools, remote debugging, target system monitoring and PowerPC, x86, ARM timing behaviour analyses are essential for application development.