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Seaports of Primorsky Krai in the Transport System of the Region in the Conditions of the Free Port of Vladivostok

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Seaports of Primorsky Krai in the Transport System of the Region in the Conditions of the Free Port of Vladivostok ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8(S10), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2015/v8iS10/84844, December 2015 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 Seaports of Primorsky Krai in the Transport System of the Region in the Conditions of the Free Port of Vladivostok Andrei Ivanovich Fisenko*, Elena Vital'evna Khamaza, Elena Aleksandrovna Khamaza, Ilya Olegovich Khamaza and Ekaterina Sergeevna Megei FSFEI of HPE Admiral Nevelskoy Maritime State University, Vladivostok, Russia; [email protected] Abstract The article considers the tendencies of socioeconomic development of Primorsky Krai in the modern conditions of development of the national economy of Russia and the tasks of formation of the transport and logistics infrastructure in the region to enable it to secure and implement its territorial transport, logistics and transit functions. A key role in this development is played by the seaports of the southern zone of the Far East and, in particular, of Primorsky Krai. It focuses on the tasks, as well as various aspects of the formation and direction of implementation of the promising socio-economic and political project of Russia in the Far East—the establishment of the Free Port of Vladivostok. This project focuses on the issues of providing Russian seaports in Primorye with a cargo base, as well as economic, social, organizational, infrastructural, political, legal and other aspects of operation of the Free Port of Vladivostok. Cargoes from the northeast provinces of China, as well as the implementation of major Russian projects, in particular, the project of establishment of "priority development territories" in Primorsky Krai play an important role in providing a cargo base and ensuring effective performance of seaports in Primorye. Keywords: Cargo Base, Priority Development Territories, Primorsky Krai Seaports, The Free Port of Vladivostok, Transport and Logistics Hub 1. Introduction budgetary sources involving the mechanisms of public- private partnerships, as well as in the manner prescribed Obviously, the determining vector of economic by the budget legislation of the Russian Federation. development of the Far East and Primorsky Krai, in The Free Port of Vladivostok will be managed by the particular, in the coming years will be the establishment Supervisory Board, a special federal body of executive and operation of the Free Port of Vladivostok (FPV). As authority in the Far Eastern Federal District, the functions the Federal Law “On the Free Port of Vladivostok” signed of which include coordination of government programs by Russian President V.V. Putin on July 13, 2015 reads, and implementation of federal target programs (in the law the Free Port of Vladivostok is established for seventy referred to as the “authorized federal body”), as well as years. It reserves the possibility to extend this period, as by a management company, defined by the Government well as to early terminate the measures of state support for of the Russian Federation in accordance with Federal entrepreneurial activities on its territory1. Law #473-FZ dated 29.12.2014 “On the Territories of Financial support for the establishment and Priority Socio-Economic Development in the Russian modernization of facilities of the transport, industrial Federation”2, or its subsidiary. and social infrastructure in the territory of the Free Port In the free port, a special legal regime of business and of Vladivostok will be provided at the expense of extra- investment activities will be in effect, and the best business * Author for correspondence Seaports of Primorsky Krai in the Transport System of the Region in the Conditions of the Free Port of Vladivostok environment will be created as compared to similar areas cluding those in Siberia and the Far East, particularly, in the Asia-Pacific Region (APR). The effect of the bill the implementation of the Sakhalin projects for hy- extends to 15 municipalities of Primorye. Also, the law drocarbons extraction, as well as major projects in provides additional mechanisms to support residents and the transportation of raw materials (primarily, in the forms the standards that allow establishing a free port Arctic, along the Northern Sea Route); zone (Porto Franco) in the Free Port of Vladivostok. • Consolidation of the current economic specialization of the Russian Federation’s regions, a shift and trans- According to the developers, the adoption and formation of the country’s main investment package implementation of the bill on the establishment of the towards the eastern regions—Siberia and the Far East; Free Port will result in the growth of the Gross Regional • Implementation of government projects aimed at im- Product (GRP) of Primorsky Krai by 2021 to 1.1 trillion proving the investment attractiveness of the Far East- rubles (or by 1.7 times compared to 2015), and by 2025— ern regions of the Russian Federation (establishment 1.4 trillion rubles (or by 2.2 times compared to 2015). of special economic zones, including the free port Accordingly, the increment of the GRP of Primorsky Krai project in Primorsky Krai, establishment of technol- by 2021 will amount to 470.1 billion rubles and by 2025— ogy parks and PDTs (“Priority Development Territo- to 766.2 billion rubles. In this case, the number of jobs ries”), gambling zones, implementation of transport created by 2021 will reach 84.7 thousand, and by 2025— and logistic development projects in the region, etc.). 108 thousand3. According to experts, only the development and How, in what direction and by what means will the modernization of the transport infrastructure will Free Port of Vladivostok be developing? What needs to reduce the cost of transportation in the Far East by be done to make this project become a success? What about 40%; • Intensive development of the versatile and multi-fac- problems, despite the fact that the law has been adopted, eted cooperation with China in all areas and spheres are still to be resolved? These and other questions are of public and private cooperation (business, culture, not an exhaustive list of questions that are arising today “people’s diplomacy”, etc.), as well as with the Repub- in the practice of solving the problems of the Free Port lic of Korea, North Korea and the BRICS countries. of Vladivostok establishment. We are about to consider What does this mean, particularly, for Primorsky some of them that, in our opinion, are directly related to Krai, for example, in the sphere of transport and logistic the so-called “maritime component” of the Free Port of support of the regional economic development? To our Vladivostok. opinion, first of all it means the following: However, before we consider them, let us see what • Rapid economic development of the base material factors will determine the development of the Russian Far sector, the processing industry (primarily, process- East (including Primorsky Krai) for the next 10-15 years. ing of hydrocarbons, minerals and seafood), and the In our view, the most significant trends that will have a transport and logistics sector (primarily the construc- decisive influence on the socio-economic development tion of specialized terminals and establishment of sea of the Far East and Primorsky Krai in the nearest future, and air hubs); apparently, will be the following: • The possibility of implementing a number of ma- • A slowdown of the Russian Federation’s economy de- jor national projects, primarily in the sector of cus- velopment and a possible creeping recession in the toms, transportation and processing of base materi- medium term—in 2015-2017. In line with the form- als, as well as increasing the added value of products ing international economic and domestic economic of the processing industries in connection with the situation, the growth rate of the gross domestic prod- strengthening of the eastern direction of supplies of uct of the Russian Federation, according to our esti- Russian base materials for Primorsky Krai (oil and mates, in the period up to 2018-2020 will be less than product pipelines, international transport corridors, 0.5-1.5 % per year, and if the situation changes (ter- construction of FEPCO and new berths at seaports, mination of sanctions, a growth of the world indus- establishment of the free port zone in Vladivostok, trial oil consumption and revival of the situation on transformation of the Vostochny port into a regional the global and regional commodity markets), it will transshipment center, etc.); be maintained at the level of 1.5-3 % per year (for the • The opportunity to use its geographical, geo-econom- next 3-5 years); ic and geopolitical position to implement the policy • Implementation of major investment projects, in- of economic integration of the Russian Federation in 2 Vol 8 (S10) | December 2015 | www.indjst.org Indian Journal of Science and Technology Andrei Ivanovich Fisenko, Elena Vital'evna Khamaza, Elena Aleksandrovna Khamaza, Ilya Olegovich Khamaza and Ekaterina Sergeevna Megei the Asia-Pacific Region, and, on this basis, to change the best seaports in the Asia-Pacific Region and even the quality of the economic growth of the region by higher, and above all, to increase the capacity of the ports its incorporation into the transport-logistics and eco- of Primorsky Krai, in the first place, by encouraging nomic system of relations with the Asia-Pacific coun- technological modernization of port facilities in order to tries through the establishment of a state-of-the-art increase their performance and the capacity of
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