The Carnivore Code Paul Saladino, M.D

By Dag Forssell, Jan 23, 2021 Comments: [email protected] Salicylates

As discussed in The Carnivore Code Paul Saladino, M.D.

CHAPTER 5: OF UNICORNS AND FAIRY TALES

PERHAPSCHAPTER MORE THAN 6: ATTACK any other plant OF molecule,THE OXALATES polyphenols have become associated with the term “superfoods.” They are often dubbed

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Ithrough promise an to ionic make bond, it as a Is grass-fed meat better than grain-fed meat? painless“salt” is as formed. possible! Technically, The field calciumof chemistry plus oxalic is generally acid is divideda calcium into oxalate two 39. Sommer,Absolutely. D. D., Rotenberg, B. W., Sowerby, L. J., Lee, J. M., flavors:salt, but organic, for the which purposes involves of this carbon-based discussion, I’ll molecules, use the andterm inorganic, oxalate to Janjua, refer A., to both Witterick, oxalic acid I. and J., its … salts. Nayan, S. (2016). A novel treatment whichGrass-fed deals with meat all isof betterthe other than elements. grain-fed Most meat of in the so molecu many lesways. we Fromsee in adjunct forSo what aspirin is oxalic exacerbated acid? Hearkening respiratory back to ourdisease: previous the discussions low-salicylate of thehuman environmental biochemistry perspective, are of the organic the nutritional sort. 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M., about Stødkilde-Jørgensen, the environmental H., moleculesthe OH group we’ll from talk aboutthe phenol in this molecule. chapter are You noted didn’t below know to youhelp were illustrate going implications of eating meat and discussed the fact that ruminant Jessen,this.to learn IfN., you someJørgensen, look organic closely, chemistryJ. you’ll O., … be in Pedersen, ablethis tobook, see did theS. you? manyB. (2017). Go aromatic ahead, No spin phenol beneficial that agriculture contributes a very small amount to the overall greenhouse gas This pdf effectsringspropeller that of comprise resveratrol on your nerd these hat, oncompounds. you’ve the metabolicearned it. syndrome: A randomized atpscience.com/salicylate-foods-sensitivity-intolerances-and-food-listemissions. Of this contribution, fully grass-fed ruminant agriculture is page 4 placebo-controlled clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical clearly superior to traditional grain-finishing methods and produces less EndocrinologygreenIf we house are gases. really In & trying addition toMetabolism to clearly feeding animals understand, with102 grass(5), which throughout foods 1642-1651. might be their lifecycle, many farms are now beginning to use the work of Alan triggeringdoi:10.1210/jc.2016-2160 immune reactions, coconuts are best left out of our diet. They 41. Heebøll,Savory S., to implement Kreuzfeldt, regenerative M., Hamilton-Dutoit, agriculture practices. S., Kjær This type Poulsen, of M., Pagemay numbers farminghave refer a seeks limited to toISB mimic roleN 978-0-358-46997-1 thein grazinga carnivore- practicesish of dietwild butanimals. should Farms be such reintroduced carefullyStødkilde-Jørgensen,as White with Oak attention Pastures H.,toin Geopossible Møller,rgia and symptoms. Belcampo H. J., … in Northern Grønbæk, California H. (2016). Placebo-controlled,have been using these randomisedmethods and have clinical proven to trial: be net-carbon high-dose negative, resveratrol Dotreatment Isequestering need supplements for Thismorenon-alcoholic P greenDF: http://www.forssell.com/salicylates.pdf onhouse a carnivoregasesfatty into liver the diet. disease.soil than are Scandinavian produced during Journal of livestock cultivation. Gastroenterology, 51(4), 456-464. No.Grass-fed meat is also a more nutritious food source. Studies of doi:10.3109/00365521.2015.1107620grass-fed meat have demonstrated higher levels of vitamin C, vitamin E, 42. Kjaer,andEveryone glutathione T. N., Ornstrup, comeswhen compared from M. to J., traditional a Poulsen, unique grain-fed M. position M., meat. Jørgensen,1 They of also nutritional J. O., adequacy/inadequacyHougaard,provide a D.more M., favorable Cohen, when fatty A. they S.,acid begin… profile Pedersen, a withnew increased dietary S. B. (2015). levelschange. of ResveratrolEPA, If we include DHA, DPA, and CLA.2 Intuitively, this makes sense—cows and buffalo fed a reduces variety the of organlevels meats,of circulating we can androgen meet all precursors of our nutritional but has no needs. effect This assumeson, testosterone, adequate dihydrotestosterone, nutrient absorption PSA and levels a reasonably or prostate healthy volume. gut, however.A 4-month There randomisedare conditions, trial such in as middle-aged celiac disease, men. small The bowel overgrowth,Prostate, 75 (12), and 1255-1263. autoimmunity, doi:10.1002/pros.23006 that affect the stomach and the 43.gastrointestinal Ahmad, A., Syed, tract F.and A., which Singh, can S., result & Hadi, in malabsorption S. (2005). Prooxidantand limit our body’sactivity ability of resveratrol to assimilate in the the presence nutrients of incopper food. ions: If our Mutagenicity bowel habits in are normal,plasmid and we DNA. don’t haveToxicology gastrointestinal Letters symptoms,, 159 (1), chances 1-12. are we absorbdoi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.04.001 the nutrients in our food just fine. If we’re not sure, a stool test that 44.includes Gadacha, fecal W., Ben-Attia, fat and measures M., Bonnefont-Rousselot, gastrointestinal D., inflammation Aouani, E., can determineGhanem-Boughanmi, if malabsorption N., &is aTou problem.itou, Y. (2009). Resveratrol opposite effectsIn cases on ratof pre-existing tissue lipoperoxidation: nutritional deficiency, pro-oxidant some during supplementation day-time may be useful, but this must be determined with our physician on a case- by-case basis depending on detailed lab testing.

Will My LDL/Cholesterol Rise On A Carnivore Diet? It may.

LDL doesn’t rise for everyone who eats this way, but for many people, LDL will rise, and that’s probably a good thing. If you’re still fearful of LDL, you may want to refer to our previous extensive discussion of the many valuable roles this particle has in the body and all of the data suggesting that—in people who aren’t insulin resistant—more LDL is probably protective due to its immunological functions. In Chapter Eleven, we also discussed that LDL probably rises on a carnivore diet due to increased production of cholesterol within the shared In order for DNA to be turned on and transcribed, portions of our chromosomes must be “unwound” to expose the DNA. Our DNA sequence constitutes our genetics, and the way genes are turned on and off through unwinding of chromosomes is known as epigenetics, a process controlled by the addition or subtraction of methyl groups and other molecules to histone proteins. We can’t change our genes, but we absolutely can change the way they are turned on and off. How? Through diet and lifestyle! These are the most powerful tools we have to create health in our lives. In this chapter, when I’ve discussed damage to our DNA, I’m referring to breaking the DNA strands that make up our chromosomes. Cellular structures known as micronuclei arise from chromosome fragments as a result of chromosomal breaks. When cells go to divide, these damaged

fragmentCs HfaAilP tToE beR 5i:nc OorFpor UNatIeCdO iRntNo Sda AughtNDe rF AceIRll Ynuc TAleLi,E Sand form micronuc lei. All agents that cause double-stranded chromosomal breaks induce micronuclei, and as we’ll see, there are lots of plant molecules in Page 74 PERHAPS MORE THAN any other plant molecule, polyphenols have this group!become associated with the term “superfoods.” They are often dubbed “antioxidants,” and we are told to consume as much of them as possible. It Salicylatseeesm—Es thavet neve Arsyp daaryagu, anots heArn dcom Cpaocnyon cuomt Cesan out H arwitmh aU supposedly Though msaagiliccayll sauppltes eamreent ,not jui ctee, corhni powcaldelyr polwithyphe boldnol clasi,m tshe ofs ede mcroleaseecdules do contain ionenflam amraomtiona taincd rliongeng viandty a sa rite toutuses dit sa rsobus plat ntpolsyphe as noldef ceontnsent hor. Lemt’sones in talk about wha36t polyphenols actually are and why we’ve been told they are responsegood to aftorta cusk.. T Thehen yw edon’’ll dits cgeusts awshy m ucI’mh goispotngl itgoht ta akes mthea nyradi ofca ltlyhe other plant toxicontnsra, rybut vie wthepoyint a trhae t ctheomir mpuronpor atnded becneanf itdes afrieni nottehilyng t rmiggeore trha rne athections in many pestopluff eof, iemsapeginacitailon,ly jtushost lieke wunihocor han fveair ypol taleyms. Toro phiput sthem si cingn tonhe t hephase II detoxificaaketi on(or esnzteaymk?), eI ’usll tehedn togo brfuretahekr tahendm show dow youn, howknow thens ea sm olpheeculnoles sulfur may actually3 7be bad for us. If your head wasn’t spinning after the last transferachasept (ePr, SitT s)ur. e lyT wheills bee maftoler ethiculs onees , doso buc notkl e ocup!cur in animal foods, and blood levelsH oware a boutknow a qun itcok cbehe mhiisghetry lre sisnon ve to gestatrat?r iIa nsprom.38 iCseom to maonke ist ymas ptoms roxaelaltaetde stpa,o istnlheaelsiysc ylams aposatey sieeblnsxpee!i tTirheviie tncfyie elad r eofa he c“hedumadamicspitheryng” si,s age sphetnehmranomlaly, rdiaevisnonhededs iantwndoi t thrwi ongivangrious in tsheym eptaomrsf,l asavor.nd Its ’:es or lbeimgaeniinnac ,s tuggeiwonhic hofs ti nvoletdhe tveshaes ttc oxicaribon-trnsat baef rsmomedi nem trolheaelc suldi leiesket, aha ndcas l icnorbeiuegamnni scchowi,tratne itno which deals with all of the other elements. Most of the molecules we see in 39 sbeupplnefeitm thumhosentaenl wbiforiocthmhe a msmtishmatryy aa riaednd of w ottihethhe ortrhega anil lprce rsocgiortec. sTcsondihe of te r“tmoxaions “poll awyphteho dume nolare” pi rseeng.”fnsersit iSveinc. e oxalaFteoodsst odon’ the himtgh olhae cveulina r assnytarucl ictrurolyleea of tei nsa courilancss l ofudebodi or gaeasnis,pa c tcheroma guspoundssudde, a.nl m“ Ponsondsoly”e tm, ofeans vocunusadosual, csymherptrieomsm, saneny ac,f taeandr i sne“tpheoppis,nol dang”t re escf,eons rbls taoum ctkbehept airronomrie aofst,ic ct(heocmulmonutti plcoules doubl adnd bee - cbondsaoc dumonut bepit woingeeln ,pr honeocesys, octomcuratroeing,csa,r bonspotanda) toriineng ss aucstndruch teuraggpl ec awsiaethnt, asn , vitOhoughHsi tgr toupo tyourhi atst aic shepr notd.im E axarnym eplphysxhaes ofusi ctaii avefnew lmisaty. Wbee molecules we’ll talk about in this chapter are noted below to help illustrate ashouldvisadn’bltehit. sf. orIfge yout alookbout c losthielsy , cyou’lassll ofbe acblome tpoundso see the imf asnyym arptomomatics phepenolrsist on a carniTvorhereirngs-ei s htihas dit creomets epr(adiirscesh ct heussseuggee cdom ipoundssnt ingde t.atihal ti n aC haspeptceire s Twofe lveba) ctwerheian cfaoodslled oxcontalobacainingte rt heformm riegemneains imn iourght diheetl.p break down oxalate in our gut.25 The pr oblem is that not everyone is colonized with this bacteria, and the over- Tabundahe Prncomei sofe Oantf Sibiupoteircm eodxposel Vuamre tphairte wSteat’veus all suffered throughout our lives mi ght have eliminated this guy from our microbiome. Perhaps in the future we’ll CdiHscAovePTrE aR w 6a:y A tTo TsAucCcKes sOfulFl yT HreEint OroducXALe AoxTalESobacter back

Pageinto 87the populations of our gut flora, but for now, I wouldn’t bet on this microbeI Nto T prHEot PeRcEtV usIO UfrSom two oxa chaptlaetress, .we talked about plant defense chemicals that can have damaging effects in our bodies because they’re not It’sc omprepattiybl eda wrinth courle ahumr thaan tope oxaratliangte sys don’tem. tI ndo thi sgood chapt etrhi, wngse’re igoin ngour body and thatt oc onstalk umabouting a tmheolmec ulise onlthaty igois prngoduc toed be in dasmmalla giquang.nti tiBesut a sa las ow arsetemember that oxaprlaoductes ta ofre humjusta none me tafbolormism of but pl ocantcur tsoxi in nsver ya mlarongge a mmouanynts. iSn os omfaer, we’ve talked aplboutants, mandu lctaipln cea usplea snter ioustoxi pansin, i kincdneludiy sngtone is,ot andhi ocotheyar naisstueess, wpolhenyphe it nols, accumulates in our body. salicylates, Ia sndpe anowk of oxaoxalalteast,e tshe, bcutoll oquithata’ls t enotrm ftorhe a ecndom biofna ttiheon ofpl aoxantl imc ayhem story. Ina ctidhe a ndne axt m cineharaptl esucr, hw aes ’clla lctaiumlk aorbout magne casirumbohydr. In geaneter-abil cndihemngist rpry oteins, known taesrm lse, cwtihenns , a wmhiolcechul em oray a na lastoom c wausithe a iposnfliatimvem chaatirgeon conneand cttsr itggeo r the immunea notsysheter mmol ienc ulnee gaor taitveom wwaitysh a. nePlgaanttives acrhae rcger atfhrtyough lit talne ifoniellcow bond,s w aho have “salt” is formed. Technically, calcium plus oxalic acid is a calcium oxalate truly evolsaltve, butd mforul ttheipl pure possysetse mof st hiofs didescfusesnsion,e tIo’l l diussec tourhe taegerm oxaus laftreom to eating them. Ornwefera trod! both oxalic acid and its salts. So what is oxalic acid? Hearkening back to our previous discussions of chemistry, oxalic acid is a two-carbon molecule with two carboxylic acid groups, which are made of carbon double-bonded to an oxygen and an OH group (the graphic below will help you visualize this). You may remember the OH group from the phenol molecule. You didn’t know you were going to learn some organic chemistry in this book, did you? Go ahead, spin that propeller on your nerd hat, you’ve earned it.

within normal range. If blood pressure is elevated, the first thing to think about is addressing possible underlying insulin resistance. Take home: Eating animal foods and drinking water from a good source w ill provide us with ample amounts of these minerals as long as we are thinking aboutFR EsQodiUumEN TconsLYum ASptKionED f rQomU EaSn TaIncONesStral perspective. Proper m aintenance of mineral balance must also consider sources of Pagecalc i289umW andHE Nbor I SonTA RaTsE diD swcrusitingse dthi isn book, Cha ptI kneer wTw thaeltve I w.ould never be able to address every single possible question that arose from it—that’s what my Is coconneuxtt oibooksl ok ?a rWhe forat. Iabn aoun te folforitve to oi bel? as comprehensive as possible, Animal howfatse vearre, Ia a m ucinchludi ricnghe trhi s oursectcieon of to faaddrt-seolssubl maeny vi comtammionlnsy l iakeske dK2 than questions. As has been the case throughout this book, I’ve made an effort plant fattos ,i ncandlude I asr emcaomny mreefendrenc tehes ams posovesiblr ec octo onutallow, reoladeivers , inor s earvocch ofado oils when trmansorei tiinfonorimngat ionto t o a“ goc faurrnithevorr dowe nor the crabbirnitvor holes-”i sonh thediier tow. n.Furthermore, though w e often think of plant oils as only fat, they also contain proteins Is grass-fed meat better than grain-fed meat? 13 known as olAebsosoliutnesl,y .which can act as immune triggers in some people. Oleosins in peanut and sesame oils are known to cause strong allergic reactions inG sreasnss-fietdive m eiandit is vibeduatter lthas.1n4, 15g rOailn-efosedi nsme aits ioln asote mda nyfrom ways bot. Frhom coconut and olivethe oienvils rmonmaye ntdoal pethers pesactmivee,. 16t,he17,18 nutIf rouritiona goal pelr speis ctiove e, laindm itnahe tteoxi then plant perspective, cows raised and finished on grass are superior sources of food foods thafort mhumaya nsbe. triggering our immune system, avoiding all plant oils is a good idea.In the final chapter of this book, we talked about the environmental Theimrepl’sic at itonson ofof hypeeating a rmoundeat atndhe poldiscypheussed nolthes ifnac olt itvehat oiruml, butinant I’m far from conviagricnculeturde t hacontt rtihebutsees apr veoviry desm aall uniamountque tbeo tnehe foveit rianl lhum greenhousans. eR gaefser back emissions. Of this contribution, fully grass-fed ruminant agriculture is to Chapctlearr lyF siupeve riforor t o atr adiditisonacusl sgrionain- fofini shitheng mnotethods s oa ndm pragioduccaels lnaessture of polyphegrnoleesn. hoTushees gae saerse. Inpl aaddint timonol toe cfeulediesng m aniadema lsby w itplh agrntasss, thrforoughout plants, and they donthe’ti rpl liafyec ycwleel,l mwainyth fourarms biarole nowogy , benorginni isng t heto ruse es oltheid w eorvik deof ncAlea nthat we need theSmavor toy be to optimplimemale.nt regenerative agriculture practices. This type of farming seeks to mimic the grazing practices of wild animals. Farms such Botahs Wolhiivete Ooiakl Paandstur ceocs inonut Geo roigial aandls oB eclontcamapoin i ns aNlorictylhearnte Csa—yelifornit aanother reason toha avevoi beden t usheingm .these methods and have proven to be net-carbon negative, sequestering more green house gases into the soil than are produced during Where dliveo cstocockon culuttisva ftalion.l in the plant toxicity Grass-fed meat is also a more nutritious food source. Studies of spectrumgra?ss-fed meat have demonstrated higher levels of vitamin C, vitamin E, I woulda ndpl aglcute acthioconeonut whes ns omcomepawrheed rteo tirna dithetiona ml igrddlain-ef eofd mtheeat .1s Tpehecyt raumlso . They appear tpro ovibede be a tmteorr et olfavoreraatbleed ftahattyn a cotid heprrof inutle wsi tahnd inc rseeaesedsd lebutvel sc ofan E PdeA,finitely still cauDsHe Ai, sDsPueA,s a ndfor C LsAom.2 Inte uipetiveoplly, ethi, spe mrahakesps se nsbee—ccausowes aofnd bufthefailro fseadlicylate content. We spoke briefly about salicylates in Chapter Five and discussed them as a common plant toxin found in many foods. A fairly good list of salicylate-containing foods can be found by visiting this web address:

atpscience.com/salicylate-foods-sensitivity-intolerances-and-food-list

If we are really trying to clearly understand which foods might be triggering immune reactions, coconuts are best left out of our diet. They may have a limited role in a carnivore-ish diet but should be reintroduced carefully with attention to possible symptoms.

Do I need supplements on a carnivore diet. No.

Everyone comes from a unique position of nutritional adequacy/inadequacy when they begin a new dietary change. If we include a variety of organ meats, we can meet all of our nutritional needs. This assumes adequate nutrient absorption and a reasonably healthy gut, however. There are conditions, such as celiac disease, small bowel overgrowth, and autoimmunity, that affect the stomach and the gastrointestinal tract and which can result in malabsorption and limit our body’s ability to assimilate the nutrients in food. If our bowel habits are normal, and we don’t have gastrointestinal symptoms, chances are we absorb the nutrients in our food just fine. If we’re not sure, a stool test that includes fecal fat and measures gastrointestinal inflammation can determine if malabsorption is a problem. In cases of pre-existing nutritional deficiency, some supplementation may be useful, but this must be determined with our physician on a case- by-case basis depending on detailed lab testing.

Will My LDL/Cholesterol Rise On A Carnivore Diet? It may.

SALICYLATE FOODS – SENSITIVITY, INTOLERANCES AND FOOD LIST.

March 8, 2015

Please note – this page is only a guide, the list on salicylates is forever changing and we do not update this list. This is a simple blog as we saw a need to share some form of guide with everyone as there is minimal information out there.

Salicylates – What are they exactly? Salicylates are organic chemicals that contain Salicylic acid as their foundation base found naturally in many herbs, vegetables, fruits, and nuts. Salicylates act like preservatives and a protective mechanism in foods, they prevent rot and disease and protect against pests. They are stored in the most vulnerable plant parts; the leaves, bark, roots, skin and seeds.

Salicylate load and intolerance – Why does this affect some people but not all?

We regularly consume salicylates and our body has to detoxify and clear away these chemicals before they accumulate. The Enzyme responsible for the detoxification belongs to the Phenol Sulfur-Transferase group and this as such is responsible for the break down and detoxification of Salicylates and Phenolic compounds from foods. We have a threshold for symptoms of salicylate accumulation and depending on how prevalent and active the PST Enzyme is in the body depends on your threshold to the symptoms of overload. Once our salicylate load gets to around that level we start getting allergic style inflammatory reactions. [1]

PST is a major contributor to the detoxification of these Phenols and Salycilates via phase 2 of the liver detoxification pathways here are some signs and symptoms of salicylate sensitivity: o Headaches, migraines o Itchy skin rashes such as hives (urticaria), eczema. Itchiness is often worse after hot shower and / or exercise o Irritable bowel symptoms – reflux in babies or adults, nausea, vomiting, stomach bloating and discomfort, wind, diarrhoea and/or constipation o Bedwetting, cystitis and increased frequency of urination o Asthma, sinus congestion, itching, sneezing and excessive phlegm o Behaviour problems such as irritability, restlessness, inattention and learning difficulties o Sleep disturbance and sleep apnoea o Anxiety, depression, panic attacks o Tinnitus o Joint pain, inflammation, and arthritis o Swelling and fluid retention o Mouth Ulcers or raw hot red rash around the mouth o Persistent cough o Sore, itchy, puffy, watery or burning eyes o Muscle cramp, tremor, twitch Can you test for PST Deficiency? deficiency of this enzyme can be tested from a biopsy specimen of the liver by specialist test kits available for phenol detection but a blood test is not known. This is done usually by urine. [5]

Please note: The Salicylate content of a particular food can vary dramatically from batch to batch. The salicylate content of a food may vary due to the following factors: season, part of plant tested (outer leaves, inner leaves, bark, skin, pulp, juice), freshness, cooked / method of cooking or raw, peeled and thickness of peeling, local variances and brand variances in farming practices and preparation, and the degree of ripeness upon harvesting. Processing techniques, preservatives, flavors and colors may all influence salicylate levels. This list is attempting to categorize foods containing salicylates into a risk assessment profile ranging from “negligible” to “very high” for simplicity. This list provides approximate levels of salicylates measured in mg per 100g of food. When comparing lists make sure you are comparing the same unit of measurement. Also, be aware of the relevance of this unit of measurement i.e. you may be much more likely to consume a few hundred grams of berries but not likely to consume hundreds of grams of chili powder in one sitting.

The following food lists show the approximate salicylate content per 100 grams of food or beverage.

Salicylate Foods - Vegetables

VEGETABLES