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Family Therapy Pioneers? who do you think are the 10 most influential family therapy pioneers? Terry D. Hargrave, PhD 6. Salvador Minuchin Arnold Woodruff, MS Wayne Denton, MD Clinical Member 7. Michael White Clinical Member Clinical Member Amarillo, TX 8. Cloe Madanes Richmond, VA Dallas, TX 1. Salvador Minuchin 9. Steve de Shazer 1. Sal Minuchin 1. Gregory Bateson 2. Virginia Satir 10. Carl Whitaker 2. Virginia Satir 2. Salvador Minuchin 3. Murray Bowen 3. Carl Whitaker 3. Virginia Satir 4. Jay Haley Froma W. Walsh, PhD 4. Jay Haley 4. Emily Mudd 5. Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy Clinical Member 5. Murray Bowen 5. Aaron Rutledge 6. Neil Jacobson Chicago, IL 6. MRI Group 6. William Nichols 7. Olga Silverstien 1. Salvador Minuchin 7. Milton Erickson 7. Wallace Denton 8. James Framo 2. Murray Bowen 8. Steve de Shazer/Insoo K. 8. Douglas Sprenkle 9. Carl Whitaker 3. Virginia Satir Berg 9. Fred Piercy 10. Sue Johnson 4. James Framo 9. Bill O’Hanlon 10. Susan Johnson 5. Milan Group 10. Harlene Anderson/Harry Sandra M. Stith, PhD 6. Jay Haley Goolishian Thorana S. Nelson, PhD Clinical Member 7. Mental Research Institute Clinical Member Manhattan, KS (MRI) Shelley Green, PhD Mendon, UT 1. Lyman Wynne 8. Carl Whitaker Clinical Member 1. Murray Bowen 2. Salvador Minuchin 9. Lyman Wynne Ft. Lauderdale, FL 2. Salvador Minuchin 3. Jay Haley 10. Ivan Boszornmenyi-Nagy 1. Gregory Bateson 3. Jay Haley 4. Cloe Madanes 2. Milton Erickson 4. Cloe Madanes 5. Steve de Shazer Gregory W. Brock, PhD 3. Don Jackson 5. Milton Erickson 6. Insoo Kim Berg Clinical Member 4. Jay Haley 6. John Weakland 7. Carl Whitaker Lexington, KY 5. John Weakland 7. Monica McGoldrick 8. Milton Erikson 1. Bernard Guerney 6. Salvador Minuchin 8. Rachel Hare-Mustin 9. Virginia Satir 2. Louise Guerney 7. Virginia Satir 9. Steve de Shazer 10. Michael White 3. Virginia Satir 8. Luigi Boscolo 10. Insoo Kim Berg family 4. Jay Haley 9. Gianfranco Cecchin Gonzalo M. Bacigalupe EdD 5. Salvador Minuchin 10. Carl Whitaker William L. Turner, PhD Clinical Member 6. Carl Whitaker Clinical Member Auburndale, MA 7. David Olson James D. Thomas, MD Washington, DC. 1. Murray Bowen 8. Doug Sprenkle Clinical Member 1. Nancy Boyd-Franklin 2. Monica McGoldrick 9. Alan Gurman Lakewood, CO 2. Evan Imber-Black therapy 3. Salvador Minuchin 10. Neil Jacobson 1. Salvador Minuchin 3. Elaine Pinderhughes 4. Virgnia Satir 2. Virginia Satir 4. Murray Bowen 5. Carlos Sluzki Carmen Knudson- 3. Murray Bowen 5. Salvador Minuchin 6. Carl Whitaker Martin, PhD 4. Insoo Kim Berg 6. Pauline Boss 7. Tom Andersen Clinical Member 5. Paul Watzlawick 7. Kenneth Hardy 8. Harry Goolishian Loma Linda, CA 6. Jay Haley 8. Monica McGoldrick pioneers 9. Paul Watzlawick 1. Gregory Bateson 7. Olga Silverstein 9. Froma Walsh 10. Michael White 2. Murray Bowen 8. Michael White 10. Celia Falicov 3. Jay Haley 9. Carl Whitaker William M. O’Hanlon, MS 4. Salvador Minuchin 10. Peggy Papp Clinical Member 5. Virgina Satir Santa Fe, NM 6. Carl Whitaker 1. Milton Erickson 7. Harlene Anderson a directory 2. Jay Haley 8. Insoo Kim Berg 3. Gregory Bateson 9. Michael White 4. Virginia Satir 10. Lynn Hoffman 5. John Weakland 22 FAMILY THERAPY MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER OCTOBER 2008 23 family therapy pioneers Nathan Ward Ackerman Gregory Bateson Birth date and Influences leading to interest in Birth date and location Influences leading to interest in location family-based interventions Gregory Bateson was born in 1904 in Grantchester, family-based interventions Nathan Ackerman Nathan became chief psychiatrist at the Menninger England, and died in 1980. The Handbook of Family Therapy was born in Child Guidance Clinic in 1937. He also was the chief (1981) tells us that Gregory had Bessarabia, Russia psychiatrist at the Jewish Board of Guardians from Educational background studied the social systems of on November 22, 1937 to 1951. His work in these two positions greatly Gregory graduated with a bachelor’s degree in natural animals and had an interest in 1908 and died in influenced his thinking about family systems. In 1938, sciences at St. John’s College, Cambridge University in general systems theory. These 1971. he published two books, The Unity of the Family and 1925, and received his master’s degree in anthropology early roots eventually led to work Family Diagnosis: An Approach to the Preschool Child that in 1930. with schizophrenic children and Educational contributed to the development of family therapy. After their communications with their background World War II, Nathan began to experiment with seeing Contributions to the field mothers. This is where the concept of the double-bind Nathan and his patients and their families in a group. He published, Between 1953 and 1962, anthropologist Gregory would emerge. Family sessions had become a part of the family came to the taught and showed movies demonstrating this new Bateson and his research team (John Weakland, Jay research team’s efforts. U.S. in 1912 and method, pioneering not only a new type of therapy, but Haley, Don Jackson, and William Fry) conducted were naturalized also the tradition of the audiovisual documentation of one of the most important and influential series of How this work is being carried on today in 1920. He attended public school in New York City, clinical work that became one of the cornerstones of research projects ever in the behavioral sciences. Using In the 38 years since the Bateson Projects came to an earned a BA from Columbia University in 1929, and an family therapy training. Russell and Whitehead’s theory of logical types as a end, hundreds of books, book chapters and articles based MD from Columbia in 1933. conceptual framework, the focus of inquiry was on upon this research have been published and countless the nature of communications processes, context, and copies sold. In addition, some of the most influential he believed that the mental or physical disposition of one paradox. The first synthesis of the research was the brief and family therapy orientations in use today, most landmark article, “Toward a Theory of Schizophrenia” notably the MRI Brief Therapy model, Steve de Shazer family member would effect other family members, and that (1956). During the 10 years this group worked and Insoo Berg’s Solution Focused Therapy, and the often the best way to treat the individual was to treat the together, they produced more than 70 articles and Milan Systemic Family Therapy orientation, trace their book chapters. This ground breaking research set forth heritage directly to Gregory Bateson’s research projects. family as a whole. a revolutionary approach to understanding human Further, many leading systemic narrative and post- behavior, and in doing so, laid the foundation upon modern approaches acknowledge the Bateson Projects as Contributions to the field How this work is being carried on today which communication (i.e., interactional) theory, and a having been an important wellspring from which their Nathan Ackerman is widely acknowledged as a pioneer Nathan Ackerman founded the Ackerman Institute major part of the field of marriage and family therapy, own orientations derive. It is not an exaggeration to say in the field of family therapy and is credited with in 1960. For almost half a century, the Institute has and brief therapy are based. Subsequent to these research that the Bateson Research Projects remain one of—if not developing the concept of family psychology. In 1955, continued his pioneering work by engaging in a three- projects, Gregory, who was among the most respected the most—profoundly influential sources of the current he was the first to initiate a debate on family therapy at a pronged effort that encompasses: 1) innovative clinical anthropologists of his era before the projects began, interactional and systemic orientations to understanding meeting of the American Orthopsychiatric Association, family therapy services through its onsite clinic (licensed was to go on to achieve recognition as one of the most human behavior, as is recognized not only throughout with the intention of opening lines of communication by the State of New York Office of Mental Health) important founding thinkers and creators of cybernetics the field of marriage and family therapy, but also in the in this new branch of psychiatry. He believed that the and in community settings; 2) state-of-the-art training and communication theory as applied to understanding fields of cultural anthropology, psychiatry, psychology mental or physical disposition of one family member programs for mental health and other professionals human behavior—and to be one of the most influential and the other human sciences. would effect other family members, and that often the onsite and in community settings in and around New theoreticians ever in anthropology, psychiatry, and best way to treat the individual was to treat the family York City and internationally; and 3) cutting-edge marriage and family therapy. Most information and photo courtesy of Mental Research as a whole. In fact, he was a very strong advocate of research initiatives that focus on the development of new Institute (MRI), Palo Alto, CA. treating the whole family in order to solve the problems treatment models and training techniques. Through this of the individual. Nathan devoted most of his career to dynamic interaction of treatment, training and research, one of the most Reference: Broderick, C. B., & Schrader, S. S. (1982). The family psychotherapy. the Institute helps families, serves mental healthcare influential theoreticians history of professional marriage and family therapy. In A. professionals, and brings innovative perspectives to a Gurman & D. Kniskern (Eds.), Handbook of family therapy, broad array of community service agencies and other ever in anthropology, 24-25. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
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