The Biostratigraphy and Evolution of a Pennsylvanian- Carbonate Ramp, East-central Kate Zubin-Stathopoulos, Charles Henderson and Benoit Beauchamp CENTRE FOR APPLIED BASIN STUDIES Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY 1. Introduction 3. Paleoclimate 4. Tectonic History 5. Conclusions • This study constrains the timing of paleoclimatic and tectonic events that aected the Calcipheres A carbonate succession in east-central British Columbia in the Sukunka-Kakwa area is charac- Laminations depositional environment at Fellers Creek. Mudstone terized by oolitic and bioclastic shoals, shallow ramp and restricted inner ramp deposits. Chert Wrinkly Laminations Forams FELLERS CREEK LITHOLOG 4.1. Biostratigraphic Constraint Bivalve These carbonate deposits are interstrati ed with several conglomerates that are interpreted Bedded Conglomerate Wackestone/ Scour Colonial coral The timing of tectonic events recorded at Fellers Creek correlates with those described by to represent erosion linked with tectonic activity (Henderson et al., 2010). This study uses bio- Packstone • Conodonts are the primary tool used for con- • 3.1. Sedimentology: Phosphate Echinoderms Shale Snyder et al. (2002) from Nevada. Stage

Chert Period Fine Sand Fine stratigraphy to constrain the timing of climatic and tectonic events documented by this car- Brachiopods Siltstone training the timing of tectonic events. Carbonate

Grainstone Sand Med. Associations Conglomerate Carbonate Nodules Sand Coarse bonate succession. The detailed carbonate petrology of this succession shows faunal and Bryozoans Carbonate Associations Silt LEGEND In Tr rock fabric changes that provide a window into the changing depositional environments Siltstone Fusulinids SM Boundstone Ooids • Fusulinid and Endothyrid forams were also • This study correlates to a shift in ocean circulation rst recognized in the Canadian Arctic Solitary Coral during the Pennsylvanian-Permian along the north-western margin of Pangea. The most rep- Oncoids for the Sakmarian along the northwest margin of Pangea. Dolostone used; at 30 m, Pseudostafella sp. combined with resentative section in the study area is Fellers Creek, which provides an example of the major Shale Calcareous Dasycladacean Algae Sponge Spicules Gastropods A. lautus helped contrain age to Moscovian. units found in east-central British Columbia. 80 m • A better understanding of these carbonate ramp deposits will further constrain the hydro- Capitanian Bryonoderm

Fantasque Fm. Fantasque • A colonial rugose coral at 66 m gave an age of carbon bearing facies. The Pennsylvanian portion of the Belcourt Formation is equivalent to Early to Mid Sakmarian; Protowentzelella kunthi the Ksituan member, an important gas play. The Permian portion of Belcourt Formation is (see photo under section 3; Pers. Comm. W. equivalent to the Lower Belloy and the Fantasque is equivalent to the Upper Belloy; both 2. Background and Bamber, 2010). units are known hydrocarbon targets in the subsurface (Dunn, 2003). 70 m

Sakmarian 5.1. Future Work Geologic Setting Moscovian Asselian-Sakmarian Artinskian • These paleo-reconstructions will become more complete with the addition of data from all

79.4 m Brachiopod 66 m: Coral Boundstone 56.1 m: Bryozoan- 55.5 m: Bryozoan- Chloroforam of the outcrops within the study area.

126 ? Permian BH 59 Liard n

ia Packstone Echinoderm Grainstone Echinoderm Grainstone Basin Permian rid e 4.2. Preliminary

subcrop M edge th 57 ; 6 60 m Additional eld data at new outcrops will help to further complete the paleogeographic

6 • Beatton

1 High 1 Peck Creek Peck Creek Peck Creek BH Peace reconstruction in this area. 123°0'0"W 122°40'0"W 122°20'0"W 122°0'0"W 121°40'0"W 121°20'0"W 121°0'0"W 120°40'0"W 120°20'0"W River Paleo- 55 Basin SU Sugar Mountain Creek Mountain Creek Mountain Creek Lst. Solitude Mountain FELLERS Sukunka Watson Peak Watson Peak Watson Peak Uplift Mountain CREEK Mt. Palsson Mt. Palsson 100 km Mt. Palsson

Creek 55°20'0"N Belcourt Formation 55°20'0"N 53 Lean-to-Creek Mt. Crum Lean-to-Creek Mt. Crum Lean-to-Creek Mt. Crum Br itish Co HWY lumbia 97 Ishbel Trough geography Watson Peak Fellers Creek Fellers Creek Fellers Creek SU Kootenay 5 Ganoid Range Mt. Palsson 1 Terrane Ganoid Range Ganoid Range

Mt. Crum 55°0'0"N SU 55°0'0"N British Marginal Columbia Marine 50 m Telford Basin Isopach maps showing the local tectonic features (thin or missing strata is red); maps were generated in ArcGIS, data base was compiled

Montania Bryonoderm-extended Fellers 40.5 m: Ooid Grainstone Asselian Acknowledgements Creek 0 200 39.3 m: Bioclastic from student theses: P. Chung, K. Fossenier, L. Dunn and J. Ing. SU= Sukunka Uplift, BH= Beatton High. 54°40'0"N 54.7 m: Wrinkly- 45.1m: Algal-Echinoderm 54°40'0"N Km 10 Kilometres Ganoid Grainstone The eldwork for this study was nancially supported by Talisman Energy and Geoscience BC. Range Laminated Dolostone Grainstone Roads Photo courtesy of Chau 123°0'0"W 122°40'0"W 122°20'0"W 122°0'0"W 121°40'0"W 121°20'0"W 121°0'0"W 120°40'0"W In addition, research for this project was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Re- (2009) Modi ed from Henderson et al. (2010) search Council of (NSERC) Discovery Grant. In addition, I would also like to thanks Chris Wind River Basin Littoral to Stevens, who supplied invaluable support with ArcGIS. The study area is located in east-central British Cassia Aeolian 40 m 4.3. Correlation Along the Western Margin of Pangea Basin Columbia Antler Chloroforam Belt Dry Mt Oquirrh Age and Sverdrup Trough Series Carlin Canyon, East-central Basin tectono- Basin, stratigraphy Nevada BC Stage NW SE Can. Arctic Eastern System 250 Fellers Creek is the focus of this study and Lower Induan Bjorne Western highlighted in red on the location map Changhsingian Tr1 Sulphur Mt.

Marginal Wuchiapingian P7 Marine Pennsylvanian Strathearn Fm: Lopingian References Kasimovian-Gzhelian The strata at Fellers Creek was deposited adja- 38.2 m: Ooid Grainstone 31.9 m: Conglomerate 27 m: Basal Belcourt 12.5 m: Visean 260 P6 Trold Fiord 30 m Bamber, E.W. and Macqueen, R.W. 1979. Upper and Permian stratigraphy of the and Capitanian Mowitch cent (west) to the Embayment Conglomerate Endothyrid packstone Early-Middle Sverdrup Basin southern areas, northeastern British Columbia: Geological Survey Bulletin, p. 301, 1-26. Modi ed from Henderson et al. (2002) Pennsylvanian

Penn. Wordian Trold Fiord

(PRE) Moscovian

Bryonoderm-extended P5? Roadian 270 Fantasque Assistance Guadalupian P4 Bamber, E. W. 2010. Coral Identi cation: Protowentzelella kunthi. Personal Communication. Geological Survey of Sabine Bay Kungurian Canada, pp. 1. Age and Series Conodont Peace River Banff region tectono- East-central biostratigraphy Embayment BC 3.2. Depositional Environment stratigraphy P3 Stage W E NW SE NW SE System 250 Lower Triassic Induan C. taylorae Beauchamp, B. and Desrochers, A. 1997. Permian warm-to very cold-water carbonates and cherts in northwest Pangea: H. parvus

M. sheni - C. meishanensis 2.1. Stratigraphy PERMIAN 280 Grainstone; ooid shoal: Abundant Grainstone; shoal: No warm water Buckskin Mountain East-central BC Changhsingian Tr1 Montney Sulphur Mt. Sulphur Mt. Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication, 56, p. 327-347. ooids, some dolomitization, microco- constituents, grains looks reworked Grainstone: Dasycladacean algae, Great Bear Cape not recognized Artinskian Wuchiapingian dium, large fusulinids. Echinoderms, marine cement, fusulinids, P7 Ranger Canyon and some have light micrite coating, 20 m

Lopingian M. rosenkrantzi other forams, brachiopods, all microcodium (minor) grains are C6 (Sub-late Pennsylva- 260 P6 brozoans, small forams, echino- Beauchamp, B. 1994. Permian climatic cooling in the Canadian Arctic, in: Klein, G.D., ed., Pangea: Paleoclimate, tecton- not recognized The Permian Fantasque Formation is reworked, some with coatings. re-worked. Me. praedivergens derms, brachiopods. Sakmarian nian) seen in outcrop at Carlin Canyon Capitanian Upper Mowitch ics and sedimentation during accretion, zenith and break-up of a super-continent, 288, p. 229-246. M. bitteri Raanes Belloy equivalent to the Upper Beloy from the 290 Belcourt Cisuralian Carlin Canyon, Nevada P2 Wordian M. phosphoriensis Chloroforam Ramp Sakmarian P5? Ranger PRE Belcourt Canyon U. Strathearn

Roadian Group 270 M. gracilis Fantasque Dunn, L. 2003. Sequence biostratigraphy and depositional modeling of the Pennsylvanian-Permian Belloy Formation, Guadalupian No evidence for back ramp deposits, but P4 M. idahoensis u.Middle not recognized Asselian Kungurian Belloy dasycladacean algae and marine cement northwest Alberta and northeast British Columbia: unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Calgary, 316pp. Ns. pnevi LST Belcher Channel Johnston P1 P3 not recognized Canyon 300 are clear warm water constituents Visean Middle Permian Gzhelian The Permian portion of the Belcourt For- L. Strathearn PERMIAN 280 Ns. pequopensis Henderson, C.M., Zubin-Stathopoulos, K., Dean, G., Spratt, D. and Chau, Y.P. 2010. Tectonic history, biostratigraphy and Belcourt l. Middle

Artinskian mation is equivalent to the subsurface Head Formation Mt. Kasimovian fracture analysis of upper Paleozoic and lowest Triassic strata of east-central British Columbia (NTS 093I, O, P): prelimi- Belloy 10 m C6 Lower Belloy Formation in the PRE Asselian Bashkirian nary report; in Geoscience BC Summary of Activities 2009, Geoscience BC, Report 2010-1, p. 259–270. Sweetognathus whitei Johnston C5

Ishbel Moscovian-Kasimovian Canyon Moscovian 310 Hanington Nansen 290 Belcourt Cisuralian P2 M. bisselli - A. paralautus Bryonoderm-extended Shoal Serpukhovian not recognized Tomera Sakmarian Sw. aff. merrilli Henderson , C.M., Fossenier, K., Dunn, L. and Moore, D. 2002. Sequence Biostratigraphy and Paleogeography of the Belcourt No warm water constituents. Possible zone Pennsylvanian not recognized Bashkirian Paleogeography of North America during the Lower Pennsylvanian-Permian Belloy Formation and outcrop Equivalents in Western Canada: Carboniferous and Permian of A. sp. B - S. constrictus Belloy C4 Asselian Telford Moleen A. sp. A - Gondolelloides The Pennsylvanian portion of the Belcourt of upwelling P1 early Permian. The three tectonically correlated depos- not recognized C3 the World, XIV International Congress of the Carboniferous and Permian: CSPG Memoir 19, p. 934-947.

300 CARBONIFEROUS Gzhelian Formation is equivalent to the subsurface 320 S. elegantulus Ksituan Kananaskis Serpukhovian Tonka Taylor Flat Photo and boundaries courtesy of Beauchamp (2010) its are indicated with stars and include the Sverdup Belcourt S. oppletus Ksituan in the PRE Miss. Kasimovian C6 Basin, farthest north, the study area in the middle, and Snyder, W.S., Trexler, J.H., Jr., Davydov, V.I., Cashman, P., Schiappa, T.A. and Sweet, D. (2002): Upper Pa leozoic tec- not recognized Asselian 325 Kananaskis C5 N. roundyi Sub-Middle Permian unconformity tonostratigraphic frame work for the western margin of North America; American Association of Petroleum Geologists Moscovian N. bothrops- N. meda Ksituan Hanington 0 m 310 ? Nevada in the south. Blakey (2009). N. kashiriensis Tobermory Tectonic Correlation of the study area, the Sver- D. margino - I. postsulcatus Chloroforam Shoal (AAPG), Tulsa, Hedberg Research Conference, 4 p. not recognized Storelk (Melvillian disturbance) seen in outcrop Pennsylvanian R. minutus Bashkirian Tyrwhitt R. websteri Taylor Flat? Spray Lakes Group Ooids, large fusulinids and algae drup Basin and Carlin Canyon area in Nevada. Tec- C4 not recognized Regional stratigraphy showing correlative units from the Peace Shale in the Canadian Arctic. Equivalent to the C3 representing a warm water carbon- tonic sequences and stratigraphy modi ed from Wamsteeker, M.L. 2009. Sequence stratigraphy, conodont biostratigraphy and sedimentology of Lower Permian strata R. muricatus - G. bilineatus Stage Period CARBONIFEROUS River Embayment, the Ban Region, and the study area in Carbonate

320 Packstone Mudstone Grainstone P4 unconformity. Associations Wackestone Serpukhovian G. girtyi simplex Taylor Flat Taylor Flat east-central British Columbia. Modi ed from Henderson et al. ate association Boundstone of the Fosheim-Hamilton sub-basin, Sverdrup Basin, Ellesmere Island: unpublished M.Sc theis, University of Calgary, Miss. Etherington Snyder et al. (2002) and Henderson et al. (2010). G. girtyi girtyi 325 (2010). 309pp.