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Urban Acupuncture Revitalizing urban areas by small scale interventions Rick Hoogduyn Thesis May 2014 Master of Science Program in Spatial Planning with an emphasis on Urban Design in China and Europe Colofon Urban acupuncture Revitalizing urban areas by small scale interventions MSc Thesis Rick Hoogduyn [email protected] Student ID 860910T756 Keywords: Urban acupuncture, small scale interventions, public space, participa- tion, Malmö, Amsterdam, top-down, bottom-up, principles, urban revitalization Mentor dr. Hellquist (Adjunct Professor) Faculty of Spatial planning, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola Msc track Spatial Planning with an emphasis on Urban Design in China and Eu- rope Stockholm, May 2014 Rick Hoogduyn, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Master Thesis, 30 ECTS, 2014 2 Preface This thesis is the graduation project for my master program of Urban Design at the Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Karlskrona, Sweden. This thesis consists out of a critical discourse analyze on the theory of urban acupuncture. The document is titled; ‘Urban Acupuncture, Revitalizing urban areas by small scale interventions’. New urban revitalization strategies emerge radically within an era of rethinking our urban spaces. Economic setbacks in our societies force the changing field of urban revitalization even quicker into urban acupuncture. This theory has been coined by several theorists, but omits to clarify the considerations one should take during the application. They stay vague about their meaning and do not come up with specific steps or methods. Thus adoption of this theory by other practitioners is not obvious. More knowledge needs to be provided on this topic if the theory wants to reach a larger audience. The research within this thesis focuses on the quest to explain the underlying principles that shape the theory of urban acupuncture. The research describes the processes of four urban acupuncture case studies, and tries to conclude if they share the same principles as defined in this research. The conclusions provide the underlying principles of urban acupuncture and a list of benefits and challenges of the theory. The elaboration of this thesis involves a degree of risk, caused by the lack of com- prehensive information and substantiating literature. At the same time this might be considered as the strength of this research, as it attempts to bring unexplored territory into view. Rick Hoogduyn, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Master Thesis, 30 ECTS, 2014 3 Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................5 4.3 Case study 4: De tuin van Jan .................................................................... 32 Reading guide .................................................................................................6 Chapter 6 Comparison .................................................................................34 6.1 principle 1: Sensitive point ........................................................................... 35 Chapter 1 Research structure .........................................................................7 6.2 principle 2: Citizen Participation ................................................................. 35 1.1. Motivation ...................................................................................................... 7 6.3 principle 3: Scenario .................................................................................... 36 1.2. Problem statement ....................................................................................... 7 6.4 principle 4: Educating ................................................................................. 36 1.3. Case study choice ........................................................................................ 8 6.5 principle 5: Holistic approach ..................................................................... 37 1.4. Research questions ....................................................................................... 9 6.6 principle 6: Quick act .................................................................................. 37 1.5. Relevance ...................................................................................................... 9 6.7 principle 7: Small scale ................................................................................ 37 1.6. Aim .................................................................................................................. 9 6.8 principle 8: Creating places ....................................................................... 38 Chapter 2 Methodology ................................................................................10 6.9 Effect: Catalyst (social) process ................................................................ 38 2.1 Critical discourse analyze .......................................................................... 10 2.2 Case studies ................................................................................................. 10 Chapter 7 Results ............................................................................................39 2.3 Interviews...................................................................................................... 10 7.1 Principles in practice ................................................................................... 39 2.4 Research structure ...................................................................................... 10 7.2 Benefits and Challenges ............................................................................. 39 Chapter 3 Theoretical exploration ................................................................12 Chapter 8 Conclusions ...................................................................................42 3.1 The need for a new urbanism ..................................................................... 12 3.2 Urban acupuncture ..................................................................................... 13 Chapter 9 Discussion ......................................................................................44 3.3 Jaime Lerner ................................................................................................. 13 3.4 Manuel de Solà-Morales ............................................................................. 15 Bibliography ....................................................................................................47 3.5 Marco Casagrande ..................................................................................... 17 Appendix 1 ......................................................................................................50 3.6 Common line ................................................................................................ 19 3.7 Principles of urban acupuncture ............................................................... 19 Chapter 4 Case studies: Top-down ..............................................................22 4.1 Malmö ........................................................................................................... 22 4.2 Rosengård ..................................................................................................... 23 4.3 Project: Hållbar stadsomvandling- Fokus Rosengård (Sustainable Rosengård) ......................................................................................................... 24 4.4 Case study 1: Bokalerna Bennets Bazaar .................................................. 24 4.5 Case study 2: Rosens Röda Matta ............................................................. 25 Chapter 5 Case studies: Bottom-up .............................................................28 4.1 Amsterdam .................................................................................................. 28 4.2 De Baarsjes/Jan Maijen neighborhood..................................................... 29 4.3 Case study 3: The Jan Maijensquare ......................................................... 29 Rick Hoogduyn, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Master Thesis, 30 ECTS, 2014 4 Abstract This thesis aims to create a better understanding of the theory of urban acupunc- their projects as urban acupuncture in a retro-perspective way. This puts the ture. It attempts to create an overall view of the theory and discusses its benefits results of this thesis in a different spotlight. Another possible explanation could be and challenges. By applying a critical discourse analyze on the visions of three that the principles are not a necesity, but mostly a recommendation. Therefore not theorists and four additional case studies, this thesis seeks to find an answer to the every principle might be present in forms of urban acupuncture. main research question: How can the theory of Urban Acupuncture be successfully Nevertheless the chosen cases demonstrate the effects of the participatory pro- applied in order to revitalize urban areas? The three enumerated visions within this cesses, which can lead to several benefits, such as; a greater support, a (social) cata- thesis, belong to the theorists who coined urban acupuncture namely; Jaime Lern- lytic effect, the enforcement of process changes and the lower costs. er, Manuel de Sola-Morales and Marco Casagrande. Urban acupuncture is not a ready-made solution but the strategy towards the in- terventions. This also brings several challenges along, which need to be overcome. Urban acupuncture takes part of an emerge of Do It Yourself (DIY) initiatives.
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