DOCSLIB.ORG

Women's Health in Focus at NIH, Vol. 3, Issue 3

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Women's Health in Focus at NIH, Vol. 3, Issue 3 WOMEN’S HEALTH In Focus AT NIH A QUARTERLY PUBLICATION OF THE NIH OFFICE OF RESEARCH ON WOMEN’S HEALTH National Institutes of Health • Office of the Director | Volume 3, Issue 3, 2020 The NIH Sex as a Biological Variable Policy 3 Transforming How Science Is Done IN THIS 8 Animal Models Illuminate Sex Differences ISSUE 12 Coronavirus & Workplace Gender Equity Visit the subscription page to sign up to receive future issues of Women’s Health in Focus at NIH. TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 DIRECTOR’S CORNER Director’s Corner Janine Austin Clayton, M.D. 3 FEATURE STORY Director, NIH Office of Research on Transforming How Science Is Done: Women’s Health Biomedical Research and the NIH Sex as a NIH Associate Director for Research on Biological Variable Policy Women’s Health 8 SEX AS A BIOLOGICAL VARIABLE Animal Models Illuminate Sex Differences in Human Physiology and Disease: An Interview with Researcher I write this in the midst of the coronavirus lockdown, and the associated news Arthur P. Arnold coverage provides daily reminders of the importance of the NIH Policy on Sex as 10 IN THE JOURNALS a Biological Variable (SABV). Early observations of COVID-19 indicate that more Researchers and ORWH Address the Need men are dying from the disease but that women, who are more often on the front for Sex- and Gender-Based Biomedical lines of caregiving, risk greater exposure. Training Curricula The SABV policy articulates the expectation that NIH-supported research will Neurologists Evaluate Their Consideration of Sex as a Biological Variable account for sex as a biological variable in experimental designs, analyses, and Religiosity May Mitigate Psychosocial reporting of vertebrate animal and human studies. Perhaps more importantly, the Effects of Stigma in African American policy also affirms NIH’s goal to “transform how science is done” by integrating Women Living with HIV SABV throughout the biomedical research enterprise. Our feature story discusses 12 WOMEN IN SCIENCE the history and rationale of the SABV policy and explores two ongoing research efforts that have rigorously addressed SABV and, in so doing, yielded robust Featured Research and Perspectives results with the potential to improve the health of all. Other features, including an New Elsevier Report Shows Persistent but Narrowing Gender Gap in STEMM illuminating Q&A with sex differences researcher Arthur P. Arnold, Ph.D., explore Research additional aspects of the SABV policy. “Will the Coronavirus Pandemic Affect Will the Coronavirus Pandemic Affect Workplace Gender Equity?” considers how the pandemic might have long-term Workplace Gender Equity? effects on women and men in the workplace. Scientist Spotlight – Sabra Klein, Ph.D. Please visit https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus and https://www.coronavirus.gov Institutional Spotlight – National Center for up-to-date information on the coronavirus pandemic. Please share this for Women & Information Technology publication with members of your network and encourage them to subscribe In Case You Missed It today. Stay safe! 15 NOTEWORTHY Janine Austin Clayton, M.D. Director, NIH Office of Research on Women’s Health 16 STAFF UPDATES NIH Associate Director for Research on Women’s Health 16 UPCOMING EVENTS 16 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES WOMEN’S HEALTH IN FOCUS AT NIH • VOL. 3, NO. 3, 2020 • 2 FEATURE STORY STAFF Transforming How Science Is Done NIH Office of Research Biomedical Research and the NIH Sex as a Biological on Women’s Health Variable Policy Janine Austin Clayton, M.D. Director, ORWH, and Associate Director In 2014, ORWH Director Janine A. Clayton, M.D., and NIH Director Francis S. Collins, for Research on Women’s Health, NIH M.D., Ph.D., published a seminal article in Nature announcing the intention of NIH leadership to address sex as a biological variable through policies, programs, and Elizabeth Spencer, B.S.N. processes. In the article, Drs. Clayton and Collins acknowledged improvements since Deputy Director, ORWH the enactment of the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 and the NIH policy requiring the Chyren Hunter, Ph.D. inclusion of women in clinical studies. Now, slightly more than half of the participants Associate Director, Basic and 1 in NIH-funded clinical research are women. However, a similar change had not Translational Research Program, ORWH been realized in preclinical studies, which tended to rely on male animals and cells preferentially. With the SABV policy, NIH announced requirements for NIH grant Samia Noursi, Ph.D. applicants to consider both male and female vertebrate animals in preclinical studies, Associate Director, Science Policy, unless scientific justification for a single-sex study was provided.1 Planning, and Analysis, ORWH Xenia Tigno, Ph.D. Associate Director, Careers, ORWH Editorial Team Lamont Williams Editor-in-Chief Elonna Ekweani, J.D. Senior Editor ORWH Director Janine A. Clayton, M.D., and NIH Director Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D., wrote the article announcing the Eric Sarlin, M.A., M.Ed.¹ NIH SABV policy. Managing Editor, Senior Writer Melissa Ghim, Ph.D. Drs. Clayton and Collins stated that the failure to consider potential sex differences in Caroline Goon, M.S., M.B.A.2 experimental design and data analysis may well have contributed to the “troubling Women in Science Section Editors rise of irreproducibility in preclinical biomedical research.”1 Further, the failure to study both male and female cells, tissues, or vertebrate animals may have obscured David Yontz¹ fundamental sex differences that could have informed clinical studies and practices. Copy Editor The authors provided several examples of clinically relevant sex differences, such as the response to low-dose aspirin treatment; dosing requirements for some Jesse Goodman¹ medications, including the insomnia treatment zolpidem; rates of adverse drug Proofreader reactions; and the onset, disease progression, and outcomes in multiple sclerosis, 2 Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and many other conditions.1 Elizabeth Barr, Ph.D. Lisa Begg, Dr.P.H., RN The SABV Policy: Transforming How Science Is Done. Soon after publication of Kevin Bruns, J.D.1 the Nature article, NIH released Consideration of Sex as a Biological Variable (SABV) in Cindy Olivarez1 NIH-Funded Research (NOT-OD-15-102). This notice articulated NIH’s expectation that Elaine Rahbar1 SABV “will be factored into research designs, analyses, and reporting in vertebrate Damiya Whitaker, Psy.D., M.A. animal and human studies.” It continued, “Strong justification from the scientific Contributing Editors literature, preliminary data, or other relevant considerations must be provided for applications proposing to study only one sex.” The SABV policy went into effect Maggie Bray¹ Virginia Robles-Villalba¹ in January 2016. In the Nature article, Drs. Clayton and Collins stated that the goal Graphic Artists of the SABV policy was to “transform how science is done” and outlined plans to specify requirements for NIH grant applicants, modify peer review requirements, and 1. Synergy Enterprises, Inc. 2. The Scientific Consulting Group, Inc. WOMEN’S HEALTH IN FOCUS AT NIH • VOL. 3, NO. 3, 2020 • 3 FEATURE STORY create training materials and courses for scientific foundation for translational and researchers, reviewers, grantees, and clinical research. However, more needs to NIH staff.1 be done. Now, more than 4 years after the SABV in Practice. Below, we discuss implementation of the policy, NIH two research efforts that fully embrace continues to take stock of how well the SABV policy. First, for over a decade, SABV has been factored into research Aaron M. Cypess, M.D., Ph.D., M.M.Sc., designs, data analyses, and reporting of of the National Institute of Diabetes and federally supported preclinical research Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Aaron M. Cypess, M.D., Ph.D., M.M.Sc. and whether the policy has improved and colleagues have studied how brown the rigor and reproducibility of scientific adipose tissue, or brown fat, affects results. ORWH staff recently published metabolism in humans.3 This research In a recent NIDDK-supported study, an SABV “progress report” in the contributes to our understanding Dr. Cypess and colleagues found that Journal of Women’s Health.2 This article of metabolic and obesity-related women treated with mirabegron, a drug describes many of the NIH initiatives, diseases. Second, the Interventions approved by FDA for the treatment programs, research projects, resources, Testing Program (ITP) of the National of overactive bladder, experienced organizations, and funding opportunities Institute on Aging (NIA) tests longevity metabolic benefits, including the 3 designed to enhance SABV policy interventions in a mouse model. Both activation of brown fat. This study implementation and promote its ethos Dr. Cypess’s thermogenesis research and involved 14 healthy women, ages 18–40 throughout the larger biomedical and the ITP fully incorporate sex differences and of diverse races and ethnicities, biobehavioral research community. (See into their experimental designs, data who received a 100-milligram dose Additional SABV Resources.) collection, analyses, and reporting, not of mirabegron daily, which is double 3 only to comply with NIH policy, but also the maximum FDA-approved dose. Resources Enhance SABV Policy as an aspect of rigor to yield robust, “We found that treating women with Understanding and Uptake. ORWH— reproducible scientific findings that mirabegron for 4 weeks led to many working in partnership with the Food and could contribute to the advancement of metabolic changes that could have long- Drug Administration Office of Women’s health for all. term, far-reaching benefits for women’s Health (OWH) and the National Institute health,” says Dr. Cypess. Mirabegron of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)— Sex Differences in Brown Fat and treatment more than doubled brown has developed a series of e-learning Metabolism. For over a decade, Dr. fat activity, increased resting energy courses on applying a sex and gender Cypess and his colleagues at NIDDK have expenditure, increased levels of high- lens to clinical topic areas and across studied brown fat and its metabolic density lipoprotein (HDL or “good the biomedical research spectrum.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sex and Gender Differences in COVID Testing, Hospital Admission, Presentation, and Drivers of Severe Outcomes in the DC/Maryland Region
    medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.05.21253827; this version posted April 7, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Scully et al. 1 Sex and gender differences in COVID testing, hospital admission, presentation, and drivers of severe outcomes in the DC/Maryland region Eileen P. Scully1*, Grant Schumock2, Martina Fu2, Guido Massaccesi1, John Muschelli2, Joshua Betz2, Eili Y. Klein3, Natalie E. West4, Matthew Robinson1, Brian T. Garibaldi4, Karen Bandeen- Roche2, Scott Zeger2, Sabra L. Klein5,6*, and Amita Gupta1,7* for the JH-CROWN registry team 1Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 2Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland USA 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 5W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland USA 6Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland USA 7Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
    [Show full text]
  • Inclusion of Sex and Gender Aspects in COVID-19 Clinical Studies—Acting Now Before It Is Too Late—A Joint Call for Action
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Editorial Towards Precision Medicine: Inclusion of Sex and Gender Aspects in COVID-19 Clinical Studies—Acting Now before It Is Too Late—A Joint Call for Action Evelyne Bischof 1,2,3, Sabine Oertelt-Prigione 4,5 , Rosemary Morgan 6, Sabra L. Klein 7,8,* , The Sex and Gender in COVID19 Clinical Trials Working Group (SGC) y and Gender and COVID19 Working Group z 1 Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] 2 School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China 3 Women’s Brain Project, 8357 Guntershausen, Switzerland 4 Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands; [email protected] 5 Institute of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany 6 Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; [email protected] 7 W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 8 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] The Sex and Gender in COVID19 Clinical Trials Working Group members are listed in Appendix A.1 y The Gender and COVID19 Working Group members are listed in Appendix A.2 z Received: 20 May 2020; Accepted: 21 May 2020; Published: 25 May 2020 The COVID-19 global pandemic is accelerating investigations for effective vaccines and repurposable validated therapeutics.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Breakthrough Finding' Reveals Why Certain COVID Patients Die
    11/16/2020 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/940968_print www.medscape.com 'Breakthrough Finding' Reveals Why Certain COVID Patients Die Liz Szabo November 13, 2020 Editor's note: Find the latest COVID-19 news and guidance in Medscape's Coronavirus Resource Center. Dr. Megan Ranney has learned a lot about COVID-19 since she began treating patients with the disease in the emergency department in February. But there's one question she still can't answer: What makes some patients so much sicker than others? Advancing age and underlying medical problems explain only part of the phenomenon, said Ranney, who has seen patients of similar age, background and health status follow wildly different trajectories. "Why does one 40-year-old get really sick and another one not even need to be admitted?" asked Ranney, an associate professor of emergency medicine at Brown University. In some cases, provocative new research shows, some people — men in particular — succumb because their immune systems are hit by friendly fire. Researchers hope the finding will help them develop targeted therapies for these patients. In an international study in Science, 10% of nearly 1,000 COVID patients who developed life-threatening pneumonia had antibodies that disable key immune system proteins called interferons. These antibodies — known as autoantibodies because they attack the body itself — were not found at all in 663 people with mild or asymptomatic COVID infections. Only four of 1,227 healthy individuals had the autoantibodies. The study, published on Oct. 23, was led by the COVID Human Genetic Effort, which includes 200 research centers in 40 countries.
    [Show full text]
  • AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION of SARS-Cov-2 a VIRTUAL WORKSHOP of the ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH MATTERS INITIATIVE AUGUST 26-27, 2020
    AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION OF SARS-CoV-2 A VIRTUAL WORKSHOP OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH MATTERS INITIATIVE AUGUST 26-27, 2020 There is much we don’t know about the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. We know it can spread from an infected person’s sneeze or cough. But what do we know about transmission via speech and exhaled breath? How long do viruses linger in the air? How far can they travel? This workshop will delve into the rapidly evolving science on the environmental spread of the virus, as part of a larger body of COVID-19 related work at the National Academies, including the Rapid Expert Consultation on the Possibility of Bioaerosol Spread of SARS-CoV-2 for the COVID-19 Pandemic (April 1, 2020). This event will serve as a forum for interdisciplinary discussion, explanations of the basic foundational science, and clarification of terminology used differently among the relevant fields, all of which will be useful to those looking to understand the state of the science on SARS-CoV- 2. We will feature experts in aerosol science, virology, infectious disease, epidemiology, and environmental health and seek to address the most critical questions (CQ) around the transmission of the virus. Wednesday, August 26 (All times in Eastern Time, U.S. & Canada) 10:00 Welcome Gregory Symmes, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 10:10 Overview of the Environmental Health Matters Initiative Thomas Burke, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 10:20 COVID-19: Public Health and Scientific Challenges
    [Show full text]
  • Aow 2021 10 COVID Kills
    1. Mark your confusion. 2. Show evidence of a close reading. 3. Write a 1+ page reflection. Why the Coronavirus Is Killing More Men than Women Men have weaker immune systems that, in some cases, may actually sabotage the body’s response to an invader. But social and cultural factors may also play a role. Source: Ben Guarino, Washington Post, October 17, 2020 Early in the coronavirus outbreak, hospital data from China revealed a startling disparity: Covid- 19, the disease caused by the virus, was killing far more men than women. That difference persisted in other Asian countries, such as South Korea, as well as in European countries, such as Italy. Then, it appeared in the United States. By mid-October, the coronavirus had killed almost 17,000 more American men than women, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For every 10 women claimed by the disease in the United States, 12 men have died, found an analysis by Global Health 50/50, a U.K.- based initiative to advance gender equality in health care. That disparity was one of many alarming aspects of the new virus. It bewildered those unfamiliar with the role of gender in disease. But the specialized group of researchers who study that relationship was not surprised. It prepared an array of hypotheses. One possible culprit was male behavior. Perhaps men were more likely to be exposed to the virus due to social factors; a disproportionately male workforce, for instance, could place more men in contact with infected people. Or men’s lungs might be more vulnerable because they were more likely to smoke in the earliest countries to report the differences.
    [Show full text]
  • Friendly Fire Tablishing a School Speed Zone for the Pleasant Grove Margaret Fischer Davis Elementary School”
    2C NATION TEXARKANA GAZETTE ✯ SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 2020 REAL ESTATE Judge: DHS head lacked authority to suspend DACA By David Porter order of succession as it that President Donald Trump one of the lawsuits that chal- two have been at the forefront The Associated Press was lawfully designated,” failed to follow rule-making lenged Wolf’s authority, called of administration initiatives on NEW YORK — A fed- U.S. District Judge Nicholas procedures when he tried to the ruling “another win for immigration and law enforce- eral judge in New York Garaufis wrote. “Therefore, end the program, but the jus- DACA recipients and those ment. 4158 Farm/Land for Sale ruled Saturday that Acting the actions taken by purported tices kept a window open for who have been waiting years In Garaufis’ ruling Saturday, Department of Homeland Acting Secretaries, who were him to try again. to apply for the program for the judge wrote that DHS didn’t 200 acres Miller County, AR 3/2 house, barn & shop, Security Secretary Chad Wolf not properly in their roles About 650,000 people are the first time.” follow an order of succession fenced pasture land. Joe assumed his position unlaw- according to the lawful order part of DACA, which allows In August, the Government established when then-Sec- Singletary Real Estate 870-904-4809. fully, a determination that of succession, were taken young immigrants who were Accountability Office, a bipar- retary Kirstjen Nielsen invalidated Wolf’s suspension without legal authority.” brought to the country as tisan congressional watch- resigned in April 2019. Kevin of the Deferred Action for Wolf issued a memorandum children to legally work and dog, said Wolf and his acting McAleenan, who succeeded LEGAL NOTICES Childhood Arrivals program, in July effectively suspend- shields them from deporta- deputy, Ken Cuccinelli, were Nielsen until he resigned in which shields young people ing DACA, pending review tion.
    [Show full text]
  • Paucity and Disparity of Publicly Available Sex-Disaggregated Data for the COVID-19 Epidemic Hamper Evidence-Based Decision-Making
    medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.29.20083709; this version posted May 5, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license . Kristen Kocher1,2, Arthur Délot-Vilain3, D’Andre Spencer1, Jonathan LoTempio1,2, and Emmanuèle C. Délot1,2,4* 1 Children’s National Research Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research 2 George Washington University Dept of Genomics & Precision Medicine 3 Georgetown Day School, Washington, D.C. 4 Children’s National Research Institute, Center for Translational Research * Corresponding author [email protected]; [email protected] Children’s National Hospital 111 Michigan avenue NW, Washington, D.C., USA Paucity and disparity of publicly available sex-disaggregated data for the COVID-19 epidemic hamper evidence-based decision-making Keywords: Sexual dimorphism, COVID-19, Sars-CoV-2, sex differences, sex ratio, data accessibility, standardization FIGURES: Table 1: Available sex-disaggregated data with source URLs & dates accessed Table 2: Variability of reported sex ratios for COVID-19 infection - decrease with time Table 3: Available cases and deaths by sex data (20 countries, 2nd capture) Table 4: Sex ratio among hospitalizations and ICU Figure 1: Visualization of sex ratios for infection cases by pie charts show data disparity by country and longitudinal evolution (screen captures) Figure
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Trials for COVID-19 Should Include Sex As a Variable
    VIEWPOINT The Journal of Clinical Investigation Clinical trials for COVID-19 should include sex as a variable Evelyne Bischof,1,2 Jeannette Wolfe,3 and Sabra L. Klein4,5 1Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy. 2College of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China. 3Department of Emergency Medicine, UMass Medical School – Baystate Campus, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. 4W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and 5Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The number of COVID-19 cases appears cases revealed that 13 of 26 states disaggre- Until recently, remdesivir was regard- to be comparable between men and wom- gated data using sex as a variable. Notably, ed as promising for COVID-19, but inter- en, but the severity of disease and death is all 13 states reported that men are twice as im published results are disappointing (8). two times greater for men than for women likely to die from COVID-19 (2), with pub- The still unpublished Adaptive COVID-19 (1, 2). History, including the 1918 influen- lished data from New York City revealing Treatment Trial reported a four-day dif- za pandemic, warned us that male biases male-biased death from COVID-19 in all ference in time to recovery (11 days vs. 15 in COVID-19 could occur. In this View- adults over the age of 20 (3). days) for patients on remdesivir, suggest- point, we focus on biological explanations, Disparities between men and women ing some benefit (9).
    [Show full text]
  • Inclusion of Sex and Gender Aspects in COVID-19 Clinical Studies—Acting Now Before It Is Too Late—A Joint Call for Action
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Editorial Towards Precision Medicine: Inclusion of Sex and Gender Aspects in COVID-19 Clinical Studies—Acting Now before It Is Too Late—A Joint Call for Action Evelyne Bischof 1,2,3, Sabine Oertelt-Prigione 4,5 , Rosemary Morgan 6, Sabra L. Klein 7,8,* , The Sex and Gender in COVID19 Clinical Trials Working Group (SGC) y and Gender and COVID19 Working Group z 1 Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] 2 School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China 3 Women’s Brain Project, 8357 Guntershausen, Switzerland 4 Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands; [email protected] 5 Institute of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany 6 Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; [email protected] 7 W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 8 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] The Sex and Gender in COVID19 Clinical Trials Working Group members are listed in Appendix A.1 y The Gender and COVID19 Working Group members are listed in Appendix A.2 z Received: 20 May 2020; Accepted: 21 May 2020; Published: 25 May 2020 The COVID-19 global pandemic is accelerating investigations for effective vaccines and repurposable validated therapeutics.
    [Show full text]
  • Sex Differences in Lung Imaging and SARS-Cov-2 Antibody Responses in a COVID-19 3 Golden Syrian Hamster Model 4 5 Santosh Dhakala,*, Camilo A
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.02.438292; this version posted April 4, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Submitted to mBio on: 31 March 2021 2 Sex differences in lung imaging and SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in a COVID-19 3 golden Syrian hamster model 4 5 Santosh Dhakala,*, Camilo A. Ruiz-Bedoyab,*, Ruifeng Zhoua, Patrick S. Creishera, Jason S. 6 Villanoc, Kirsten Littlefielda, Jennie Ruelas Castillod, Paula Marinhoa, Anne Jedlickaa, Alvaro A. 7 Ordonezb, Natalia Majewskie, Michael J. Betenbaughe, Kelly Flavahanb, Alice L. Muellera, 8 Monika M. Looneyd, Darla Quijadad, Filipa Motab, Sarah E. Beckc, Jacqueline Brockhurstc, 9 Alicia Braxtonc, Natalie Castellc, Franco R. D’Alessiod, Kelly A. Metcalf Patec, Petros C. 10 Karakousisd, Joseph L. Mankowskic,† ,Andrew Pekosza,†, Sanjay K. Jainb,†, and Sabra L. Kleina,† 11 for the Johns Hopkins COVID-19 Hamster Study Group‡ 12 aW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns 13 Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 14 bDepartment of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 15 Maryland, USA 16 cDepartment of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins School of 17 Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 18 dDepartment of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 19 eAdvanced Mammalian Biomanufacturing Innovation
    [Show full text]