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Welsh Language Use in the Community

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Welsh Language Use in the Community Social research number 52/2015 WELSH LANGUAGE USE IN THE COMMUNITY Research Study WELSH LANGUAGE USE IN THE COMMUNITY A research study undertaken as part of the Evaluation of the Welsh Ministers' Welsh Language Strategy: A living language: a language for living Rhian Hodges, Cynog Prys, Alison Orrell, Sioned Williams and Einir Williams Language Planning Group, Bangor University in conjunction with Hywel M. Jones, Statiaith and Arad. The views expressed in this report are those of the researcher and not necessarily those of the Welsh Government. For further information, please contact: Dr Catrin Redknap Principal Research Officer (Welsh Language) Knowledge and Analytical Services Welsh Government Cathays Park Cardiff CF10 3NQ Tel: 029 2082 5720 Email: [email protected] Welsh Government Social Research, 7 October 2015 ISBN: 978-1-4734-4844-5 © Crown Copyright 2015 All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0 unless otherwise stated. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ Table of contents List of figures .............................................................................................................. 3 List of tables ............................................................................................................... 4 Glossary ..................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 6 2. Conceptual Background .............................................................................. 11 3. Methodology ................................................................................................ 20 4. Statistical Background ................................................................................. 34 5. Findings by community ................................................................................ 50 6. Themes and Key Findings ......................................................................... 110 7. Conclusions and Recommendations ......................................................... 118 Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 129 Appendices ............................................................................................................ 133 Appendix 1.1: Letter of invitation to be part of the study......................................... 133 Appendix 1.2 Focus Groups Information Sheet ...................................................... 134 Appendix 1.3: Focus Groups Consent Form .......................................................... 136 Appendix 1.4: Focus Groups Interview Schedule ................................................... 137 Appendix 1.5: Information Sheet for Street Survey ................................................ 139 Appendix 1.6: Street Survey Instructions ............................................................... 140 Appendix 1.7: Street Survey ................................................................................... 143 Appendix 1.8: Characteristics of Street Survey Respondents ................................ 149 Appendix 1.9 Welsh Language Characteristics of Street Survey Respondents ..... 150 Appendix 1.10: Opportunities to use the Welsh language within the six communities .................................................................................................................. 151 Appendix 1.11: Opportunities to use the Welsh language in Cardigan................... 153 Appendix 1.12: Opportunities to use the Welsh language in Bangor...................... 154 Appendix 1.13: Opportunities to use the Welsh language in Llanrwst .................... 155 Appendix 1.14: Opportunities to use the Welsh language in Ammanford ............... 156 Appendix 1.15: Opportunities to use the Welsh language in Aberystwyth .............. 157 Appendix 1.16: Opportunities to use the Welsh language in Porthmadog .............. 158 Appendix 1.17: Activities and programmes funded by the Welsh Government (historical and current) either directly through national organisations or through specific projects (Cardigan) .......................................................... 159 1 Appendix 1.18: Activities and programmes funded by the Welsh Government (historical and current) either directly through national organisations or through specific projects (Bangor) ............................................................. 161 Appendix 1.19: Activities and programmes funded by Welsh Government (historical and current) either directly through national organisations or through specific projects (Llanrwst) ..................................................................................... 163 Appendix 1.20: Activities and programmes funded by the Welsh Government (historical and current) either directly through national organisations or through specific projects (Ammanford) ...................................................... 165 Appendix 1.21: Activities and programmes funded by the Welsh Government (historical and current) either directly through national organisations or through specific projects (Aberystwyth) ..................................................... 167 Appendix 1.22: Activities and programmes funded by the Welsh Government (historical and current) either directly through national organisations or through specific projects (Porthmadog) ..................................................... 169 2 List of figures Figure 4.1: Population aged three and over in the six communities, 1960–2011 ..... 35 Figure 4.2: Population born outside Wales by community, 2011 .............................. 36 Figure 4.3: Number of Welsh speakers aged three and over by community, 1961– 2011............................................................................................................. 37 Figure 4.4: Percentage of Welsh speakers aged three and over by community, 1960–2011 ................................................................................................... 38 Figure 4.5: Percentage of Welsh speakers aged three and over by age in each community, 1991–2011 ............................................................................... 40 Figure 4.6: Percentage of Welsh speakers aged 3 to 18, by ward within communities, 2011............................................................................................................. 42 Figure 4.7: Percentage of Welsh speakers aged 16 and over by employment industry and community, 2011 .................................................................................. 44 Figure 5.1: Map of percentages of Welsh speakers in Cardigan .............................. 53 Figure 5.2: Map of percentages of Welsh speakers in Bangor ................................. 61 Figure 5.3: Map of percentages of Welsh speakers in Llanrwst ............................... 71 Figure 5.4: Map of percentages of Welsh speakers in Ammanford .......................... 80 Figure 5.5: Map of percentages of Welsh speakers in Aberystwyth ......................... 90 Figure 5.6: Map of percentages of Welsh speakers in Porthmadog ....................... 101 3 List of tables Table 4.1: Transmission of the Welsh language within the family, 2001 - 2011 ....... 46 Table 4.2: Maintained primary school pupils, aged five and over, by their ability to speak Welsh according to parental assessment, 2014 (a) (b) ..................... 48 (continued) Table 4.2: Maintained primary school pupils, aged five and over, by their ability to speak Welsh according to parental assessment, 2014 (a) (b) ....... 49 Table 5.1: Activities and programmes funded by the Welsh Government (historical and current), either directly through national organisations or through specific projects in Cardigan ..................................................................................... 54 Table 5.2: Activities and programmes funded by the Welsh Government (historical and current) either directly through national organisations or through specific projects in Bangor ........................................................................................ 62 Table 5.3: Activities and schemes funded by the Welsh Government, (historical and current), either directly through national organisations or through specific projects in Llanrwst ...................................................................................... 72 Table 5.4: Activities and programmes funded by the Welsh Government (historical and current), either directly through national organisations or through specific projects in Ammanford ................................................................................. 81 Table 5.5: Activities and programmes funded by the Welsh Government (historical and current), either directly through national organisations or through specific projects in Aberystwyth ................................................................................ 91 Table 5.6: Activities and programmes funded by the Welsh Government (historical and current) either directly through national organisations or through specific projects in Porthmadog .............................................................................. 102 4 Glossary Acronym Definition CYD Cymry Cymraeg a Dysgwyr ar y Cyd / Welsh Learners and Speakers Together GSR Government Social Research OA Output Area PCAI Prosiect Cefnogi Arferion Iaith / Supporting Language
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