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Application of U–Pb Detrital Zircon Geochronology to Drill Cuttings For GEOLOGIC NOTE AUTHORS Hannah Hilbert-Wolf ~ Geosciences, – College of Science and Engineering, James Application of U Pb detrital Cook University, 1 James Cook Blvd, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; zircon geochronology to drill [email protected] Hannah Hilbert-Wolf is a postdoctoral cuttings for age control in researcher at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia). She graduated from hydrocarbon exploration wells: Carleton College (Minnesota) in 2012 with a B.A. in geology and completed her Ph.D. at A case study from the Rukwa James Cook University in 2016. Her Ph.D. research focused on the geodynamics of the East African rift system via sedimentologic Rift Basin, Tanzania and geochronologic investigations. Hilbert- Wolf also studies paleoseismicity (seismites). Hannah Hilbert-Wolf, Eric Roberts, Bob Downie, Cassy Mtelela, Nancy J. Stevens, and Patrick O’Connor Eric Roberts ~ Geosciences, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Blvd, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; eric.roberts@ ABSTRACT jcu.edu.au Precise dating and correlation of drilled wells through continental Eric Roberts is an associate professor of geology at James Cook University in successions is challenging for hydrocarbon exploration, especially Townsville, Australia. His primary interest where preservation and recovery of age-diagnostic fossils is poor. is sedimentary geology with a focus on As a complement or alternative to biostratigraphic dating we reconstructing the sedimentary, tectonic, demonstrate the effectiveness of U–Pb geochronology via laser and faunal histories of Mesozoic–Cenozoic ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry on sedimentary basins in Africa and also in detrital zircon from well cuttings. In basins with syndepo- Australia, North America, and Asia. Much of sitional volcanic input, the youngest zircons in a stratigraphic his research integrates geochronology and interval can refine and serve as a proxy for the age of deposition. detrital mineral provenance. We demonstrate the reliability of this technique when applied Bob Downie ~ Heritage Oil Limited, 5 to hydrocarbon exploration wells by analyzing drill cuttings Hanover Square, London W1S 1HQ, United through a continental interval of the Galula-1 well in the Rukwa Kingdom; [email protected] Rift Basin, East African rift system, Tanzania, which previously Bob Downie is a petroleum exploration yielded conflicting biostratigraphy results. The lower third of geologist with a background in the well section reveals a late Miocene to Pliocene up-hole sedimentological and reservoir-related studies. younging trend in the youngest detrital zircon populations, In the past 12 years he has specialized in the which matches new radioisotopic ages on volcanic tuffs from search for hydrocarbons in the East African rift a correlative outcrop section. This is followed by an interval system, in particular, in the rift valleys of Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya. with recycled young zircons, followed by a zircon-free interval, interpreted to correspond to changes in magma composition of Cassy Mtelela ~ Geosciences, College of the nearby Rungwe volcanic province. This study provides the first Science and Engineering, James Cook radioisotopic age constraints for the Lake Beds in the Rukwa rift University, 1 James Cook Blvd, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; cassy.mtelela@ my.jcu.edu.au Cassy Mtelela is an assistant lecturer of Copyright ©2017. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved. sedimentology and stratigraphy at the Manuscript received January 10, 2016; provisional acceptance April 21, 2016; revised manuscript received May 27, 2016; final acceptance June 28, 2016. University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. He is DOI:10.1306/06281616003 AAPG Bulletin, v. 101, no. 2 (February 2017), pp. 143–159 143 finishing a Ph.D. in geology at James Cook and demonstrates that sedimentation in the basin began by University, which is focused on aspects of the 8.7 Ma, critical for burial and thermal history modeling and sedimentology, stratigraphy, and hydrocarbon establishing the probability of a working hydrocarbon system. Cor- prospectivity of the Lake Beds succession in respondence in age and zircon preservation between well and the Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania. outcrop samples from the same intervals provides strong support Nancy J. Stevens ~ Department of for applying U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology to well cuttings, Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, 1 Park as a rapid, inexpensive approach for hydrocarbon exploration. Place Drive, Athens, Ohio 45701; stevensn@ ohio.edu Nancy J. Stevens is a professor of functional morphology and vertebrate paleontology at INTRODUCTION Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. Her research interests focus on extinction dynamics and the Critical decisions made during exploration and field development evolution of the modern African fauna. Her of prospective hydrocarbon bearing plays are underpinned by field research includes projects in Tanzania and more broadly throughout Africa and accurate stratigraphic control and correlation within and between the Arabian Peninsula. wells. Biostratigraphy, the conventional method for such dating and correlation of sedimentary rocks, is not always possible or Patrick O’Connor ~ Department of reliable. For example, oxidized red-bed successions and other, Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, 1 Park typically continental, intervals commonly yield depauperate mi- Place Drive, Athens, Ohio 45701; oconnorp@ ohio.edu crofossil and/or pollen assemblages and in some cases lack pres- ervation altogether. Accurate dating and correlation of sequences Patrick O’Connor is a professor of anatomy at where microflora and fauna are limited or absent is now more Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. His research interests focus on the evolution and critical than ever, as global hydrocarbon exploration moves to biogeographic history of continental consider biostratigraphically lean frontier basins. vertebrates (particularly archosaurs) on As one of the next hydrocarbon frontiers, East Africa hosts former Gondwanan land masses from the a suite of prospective rift basins with characteristics amenable to Cretaceous into the Paleogene. His field hydrocarbon generation, including deep depocenters with rapid research includes projects in Tanzania, sediment accumulation and high heat flow, promoting early Madagascar, Egypt, and Antarctica. thermal maturation (petroleum kitchens; Tiercelin et al., 2012). However, an absence of reliable index fossils in these nonmarine, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS intracratonic rift basins commonly limits the use of traditional We acknowledge Heritage Rukwa Tanzania biostratigraphic dating methods. Assessing essential elements of Limited for funding the analytical work and the petroleum system such as basin structure, composition and for logistical assistance and the Tanzanian architecture of sedimentary successions, and thermal history Petroleum Development Corporation for (Cohen, 1989; Nelson et al., 1992; Morley, 1995) hinges on the making samples available. We thank the accurate dating of sedimentary successions, and where bio- Tanzanian Commission for Science and stratigraphy is poor, alternative means of dating are important. Technology and the Tanzanian Antiquities Rift settings, in particular, require temporal resolution for un- Unit for logistical support in the field. derstanding their complex tectonic histories and the timing be- Fieldwork was supported by the National tween such key events as rift lake development, volcanism, and Science Foundation (BCS_1127164 and EAR_1349825) and the National Geographic uplift, all of which have a major effect on hydrocarbon pro- Society (Committee for Research and spectivity. Recent onshore successes, such as hydrocarbon dis- Exploration). This project was also funded by coveries in the Turkana (Lokichar) and Albertine Rift Basins, the AAPG Suzanne Takken Memorial Grant, have renewed interest in exploring other rift segments along and we are grateful to the AAPG Grants-in-Aid the East African rift system (EARS). In particular, the western Program for this support. We sincerely thank branch of the EARS has seen considerable hydrocarbon explo- D. Delvaux, P. Druschke, D. Gombosi, and ration since 2007, when the Kingfisher-1 discovery in the Al- D. Barbeau for their insightful comments bertine Graben demonstrated the commercial hydrocarbon about the study and the manuscript. potential of these rift basins (Logan et al., 2009). 144 Applying Detrital Zircon Geochronology to Drill Cuttings for Age Control Other innovative approaches to correlation and depositional DATASHARE 76 age approximation have been used successfully, such as chemo- Tables S1–S12 are available in electronic stratigraphic techniques (Ratcliffe et al., 2015), samarium– versions on the AAPG website (www.aapg. neodymium isotope analysis (Dalland et al., 1995), and fission org/datashare) as Datashare 76. track dating (Carter et al., 1995), though not all of these ap- proaches provide age constraint. Radioisotopic dating of ash beds EDITOR’SNOTE in core samples, or correlation of wells to dated ash beds in – outcrop, is the most common alternative for dating sedimentary Color versions of Figures 1 3 can be seen in units where biostratigraphy is problematic or greater precision is the online version of this paper. required. In recent years the increasing throughput and decreas- ing costs of laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spec- trometry
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