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Caracterización Biológica De Un Geminivirus Asociado Con El Mosaico Amarillo Del Abutilon (Abutilon X Hybridum Hort

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Caracterización Biológica De Un Geminivirus Asociado Con El Mosaico Amarillo Del Abutilon (Abutilon X Hybridum Hort Agrociencia ISSN: 1405-3195 [email protected] Colegio de Postgraduados México de la Torre Almaráz, Rodolfo; Romero Rodríguez, Adrián; Monsalvo Reyes, Alejandro Cruz; Medina Ramos, Gabriela; Torres Pacheco, Irineo; Ruiz Medrano, Roberto Caracterización biológica de un geminivirus asociado con el mosaico amarillo del abutilon (Abutilon x hybridum Hort. Ex. Voss. Malvacea) en México Agrociencia, vol. 40, núm. 3, mayo-junio, 2006, pp. 335-347 Colegio de Postgraduados Texcoco, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=30240306 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto CARACTERIZACIÓN BIOLÓGICA DE UN GEMINIVIRUS ASOCIADO CON EL MOSAICO AMARILLO DEL ABUTILON (Abutilon x hybridum Hort. Ex. Voss. Malvacea) EN MÉXICO BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A GEMINIVIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH ABUTILON (Abutilon x hybridum Hort. Ex. Voss. Malvacea) YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS IN MÉXICO Rodolfo De la Torre-Almaráz1, Adrián Romero-Rodríguez1, Alejandro Cruz Monsalvo-Reyes1, Gabriela Medina-Ramos2, Irineo Torres-Pacheco2 y Roberto Ruiz-Medrano3 1FES-IZTACALA-UNAM. Unidad de Biotecnología y prototipos (UBIPRO). Avenida de los Ba- rrios 1. 54090. Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México ([email protected]). 2Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Campo Agrícola Experi- mental Celaya. 3Centro de Investigaciones Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Avenida Politécnico Nacional. Número 2508. RESUMEN ABSTRACT Se observaron plantas de abutilón (Abutilon x hybridum Hort. Abutilon (Abutilon x hybridum Hort. Ex. Voss. Malvacea) plants Ex. Voss. Malvacea) cultivadas en jardines públicos en el sur de cultivated in public gardens in southern México City were observed la Ciudad de México, con una enfermedad de origen desconoci- with a disease of unknown origin, which induces bright yellow do que induce síntomas de mosaico de color amarillo brillante, mosaic, deformation and reduction of the leaf lamina, with severe deformación y reducción de la lámina foliar, con pérdida severa loss of coloring in the flowers. Because of the lack of information de la coloración de las flores. Por la carencia de información of this disease on abutilon and the possible risk that may pose for sobre esta enfermedad en el abutilón y por el posible riesgo que other ornamentals, this study was conducted to determine the representa para otras especies de plantas ornamentales en Méxi- etiology and biological characteristics of the pathogen associated co, los objetivos fueron determinar la etiología y las característi- with abutilon yellow mosaic. A virus was separated in abutilon cas biológicas del patógeno asociado con el mosaico amarillo del plants with the described symptoms and transmitted experimentally abutilón. Se separó a un virus en plantas de abutilón con los by grafting, biobalistics and white flies (Bemisia Tabaci G.), but síntomas descritos, que se transmitió experimentalmente por in- not mechanically, to indicator plants. The molecular jerto, biobalística y por mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci G.), pero characterization showed that this virus was the Abutilon mosaic no mecánicamente, a plantas indicadoras. La caracterización virus (AbMV), geminivirus belonging to the genus Begomovirus molecular demostró que éste virus era el Abutilon mosaic virus (Family Geminiviridae). The comparative analysis of the partial (AbMV), geminivirus perteneciente al género Begomovirus (Fa- sequences of the components (Access number AY311783) and B milia Geminiviridae). El análisis comparativo de las secuencias (Access number AY311784) of Mexican AbMV with those available parciales de los componentes (Número de acceso AY311783) y B in the Genebank, indicated a 92% similarity to the Hawaiian AbMV (Número de acceso AY311784) del AbMV de México con las for the A component, and a 100% similarity with the Sida yellow disponibles en el Genebank, indicó una similitud de 92% con vein virus of Honduras for the B component. The comparative una variante del AbMV de Hawaii para el componente A y una analysis of the amino acid sequence of the capsid protein gene similitud de 100% con el Sida yellow vein virus de Honduras para allowed recognition of only two mutations in the Mexican AbMV, el componente B. El análisis comparativo de la secuencia de of the five occurring in the variants of AbMV-Hawaii, related to aminoácidos del gen de la proteína de la cápside permitió reco- non-transmission of this geminivirus by white fly, suggesting that nocer sólo dos mutaciones en el AbMV de México, de las cinco AbMV-México could be a variant of the Abutilon mosaic virus not presentes en la variante de AbMV-Hawaii, relacionada con la no previously reported. This is apparently the first report of a transmisión por mosca blanca de este geminivirus, lo que sugiere geminivirus in abutilon in México. que el AbMV-México podría ser una variante del virus mosaico del abutilón no reportada previamente. Este parece ser el pri- Key words: Ornamental plants, Malvaceae, virus DNA. mer reporte de un geminivirus en abutilón en México. INTRODUCTION Palabras clave: Plantas ornamentales, Malvaceae, virus ADN butilon (Abutilon x hybridum Hort. Ex. Voss. Recibido: Marzo, 2005. Aprobado: Marzo, 2006. Malvaceae) is an ornamental plant native to Publicado como ARTÍCULO en Agrociencia 40: 335-347. 2006. A the tropical regions of Central and North 335 AGROCIENCIA, MAYO-JUNIO 2006 INTRODUCCIÓN l Abutilón (Abutilon x hybridum Hort. Ex. Voss. Malvacea) es una planta ornamental nativa de Elas regiones tropicales de Centro y Norteamérica, que se ha distribuido en todo el mundo y ha tenido un proceso de mejoramiento intenso para incrementar su valor estético, por lo que en la actualidad se encuen- tran disponibles una gran cantidad de variedades para siembra en maceta o en jardines (Moggi y Giugnolini, 1983; Albouy y Devergne, 2000). En recorridos realizados durante 2004 en los jardi- nes del campus de Ciudad Universitaria de la Univer- sidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), en el sur de la Ciudad de México, se observaron en algunos sitios plantas de abutilón con un moteado y mosaico foliar de color amarillo intenso y la reducción de la Figura 1. Síntomas de mosaico en hojas de Abutilón (Abutilon x talla de la planta, así como la pérdida del color rojo hybridum. característico de las flores, adquiriendo éstas una tona- Figure 1.Mosaic symptoms in Abutilon leaves (Abutilon x lidad rosa pálido (Figura 1). Por el tipo de síntomas hybridum). observados y algunos ensayos de diagnóstico en el la- boratorio, se estableció que el agente causal de esta enfermedad era probablemente un geminivirus. El aná- America, which has been distributed worldwide and lisis de la información bibliográfica disponible indicó has undergone an intense process of breeding to que no se ha descrito alguna enfermedad de origen increment its aesthetic value. Currently, many varieties viral en esta planta en México (Brunt, 1997), por lo are available for pot planting or gardens (Moggi and que se plantearon como objetivos del presente trabajo Giugnolini, 1983; Albouy and Devergne, 2000). determinar la identidad y las características biológicas In 2004, in the gardens of the Ciudad Universitaria del agente causal del mosaico amarillo del abutilón en campus, National Autonomous University of México México. (UNAM) in the southern part of México City, abutilon was observed with intense yellow leaf mottle and mosaic MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS and reduced height, as well as loss of the characteristic red color of the flowers, which had turned pale pink Recolecta de muestras (Figure 1). By the type of symptoms observed and some diagnostic laboratory tests, it was established that Se localizaron cuatro sitios dentro de los jardines de la Ciudad the causal agent of this disease was probably a Universitaria de la UNAM, Ciudad de México, con colonias confor- geminivirus. The analysis of available bibliographic madas por cinco a diez plantas de abutilón de uno a dos metros de information indicated that no disease of viral origin alto, de donde se recolectaron al azar 15 ramas de tres plantas por has been described in this plant in México (Brunt, sitio, de 30 cm de largo por dos cm de grueso, con síntomas de 1997). Thus, the objective of this study was to determine mosaico, moteado, deformación y reducción del tamaño de hojas. the identity and biological characteristics of the causal También se recolectaron 10 ramas de dos plantas de abutilón por agent of Abutilon yellow mosaic in México. sitio, de las mismas dimensiones, pero sin síntomas de mosaico amarillo. De todas las ramas se seleccionaron al azar y pesaron 20 g MATERIALS AND METHODS de hojas de plantas con y sin síntomas, que se almacenaron en bolsas de plástico a −70 oC, y se utilizaron para los análisis fitopatológicos. Collection of samples El extremo basal cortado de 10 ramas de plantas con síntomas y 10 sin síntomas, de 15 a 20 cm de alto, fue cubierto con un enraizador Four sites were located in the gardens of Ciudad Universitaria, comercial Radix 1500 (Acido Indol Acético, AIA) y se sembraron en UNAM, México City, with colonies composed of five to ten abutilon macetas de plástico con suelo húmedo y estéril, cubriéndolas con plants one to two meters high. Fifteen branches 30 cm long and two bolsas de plástico durante
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