Veraison to Harvest Statewide Vineyard Crop Development Update #7 October 16, 2015 Edited by Tim Martinson and Chris Gerling Around New York... Statewide (Tim Martinson) With the end in sight, our team processed 24 fruit samples this week (Fruit Composition Table, p ____), including 7 Cabernet Franc, 11 , and 2 Merlot blocks – along with a smattering of other varieties (one block each of , Concord, , , , and ). As blocks get harvested, average fruit composition indices get a little harder to interpret. Remaining Cab Franc blocks have similar brix (21.5) and acidity (6.8 g/l) as last year; The two LI Merlot blocks have higher sugars (22.1 vs 20.3 °brix) , but equivalent TA (5.7 g/l) to last year; and remaining Riesling blocks have 0.6°brix higher soluble solids and Multicolored Asian Lady Beetles (MALB) moved into the fruit 1.3 g/l lower TAs than in 2014. remaining in our Riesling block at the NYS Agricultural Experi- ment Station this week - and into other remaining blocks (See Hans It’s all ready to harvest, and we anticipate most will Walter-Peterson's article below). be harvested by next week. If there are samples sub- Photo by Tim Martinson mitted next week, we will hold the ‘numbers’ until the size is helping to keep yield numbers up, with average following week, and skip a week of publication before berry weights from both the Finger Lakes and Lake we put together our final Veraison to Harvest issue on Erie samples averaging between 3.6 and 3.9 grams per October 30. berry, well above the more typical 3.0 grams that they usually weigh. This week, see Chris Gerling’s article about extend- ing Sustainable Practices to the winery sector, and my The majority of Riesling blocks have been harvested by brief summary about harvest activity in our research now, but more will continue to arrive from later ripen- projects. ing sites for the next week or so. Later season reds have been harvested this week as well, including Cabernet Happy harvesting, and we’ll try to summarize the sea- Franc and Syrah. Based on some recent discussions son across New York two weeks from now. and stops this fall, this could end up being an excellent Finger Lakes (Hans Walter-Peterson) year for Cabernet Franc in the Finger Lakes. Unfortu- nately, there isn’t enough of it to satisfy the wineries’ The end of the 2015 harvest in the Finger Lakes is in needs this year. This has been the case with a number sight. While some growers and wineries still have of vinifera varieties this year, including Riesling, Pinot many tons of to bring in, there are a number of noir, and Pinot gris, thanks mostly to the harsh reality places that are reaching the end of their harvest seasons of two hard winters back to back. this week (or already have). For a number of growers and wineries, this is one of the earliest ends to harvest While they’re not a problem everywhere, we have been that they have seen, if not their earliest ever. seeing higher numbers of Multi-colored Asian Lady Beetles (MALB) in some blocks this year, including in Concord harvest is still chugging along, but will be a couple of our own trial sites. The defense chemical wrapping up for most growers by this time next week. that these insects release when they are disturbed (or Yields have been closer to average this year after two of run through a crusher) has a very low sensory thresh- the largest crops ever over the past two seasons. Berry old, so it doesn’t take many to have an impact on wine

Page 1 quality. In places where they are showing up, canopies to thin yellow canopies signaling that wineries and growers are spending extra time to the vines are beginning to shut down. As vines sort fruit to remove any MALB beforehand. begin to drop their leaves we get the first good look at how the canes matured. During the ma- Night temperatures are forecast to be below freez- jority of shoot development most areas had plen- ing this weekend, so depending on how cold it ty of moisture resulting in adequate vine growth gets, some vineyards with fruit still hanging may and long internodes. However, sites with heavy reach the end of their ripening period in just a clay soils did not fare as well from the overly wet few days. This would be an early first-frost for us, June and appear to have been stunted under these but thanks to the early ripening season this year, conditions. it will have less impact on harvest than it might otherwise. The past week has been cool, windy, and rainy. It Long Island (Alice Wise) seems that we are at the point of the season when the air temperature is colder than the water tem- On Long Island, the temperatures have held perature of Lake Erie. When this happens, the re- steady with upper 60’s to low 70’s for the last few gion starts to receive “lake effect rain” and “lake weeks, making for delightful harvest weather. effect snow” and all of the cloudy windy condi- The weekend is predicted to be highs in the 50’s, tions that accompany these events. I’m hoping a sign of the last wave of harvest. In the research we don’t see snow anytime soon. The forecast is vineyard, the later reds were picked this week: calling for a cold wet weekend, but warming up Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, Syrah, Barbera, again next week. Sangiovese, Lemberger, Petit Verdot and Caber- net Sauvignon. The last two perhaps could have The Concord harvest is nearing its end. Grower’s waited a week. co-op shut down on Oct. 15th and National co-op is planning to finish pressing later next On the other hand, the local wildlife has been en- week. Here at CLEREL, we picked our last load joying all the red fruit on a nightly basis so we of Concords Thursday with overall yields slightly decided to cut our losses. We use side netting that higher than our estimations. is well fastened top and bottom but the critters still manage to infiltrate it. Merlot fruit was whis- Hudson and Champlain Valleys (Jim O’Connell tle clean, no signs of cluster rot. This was some- and Anna Wallis) what surprising as there have been several rainy periods recently. Malbec had some sour rot with Hudson Valley. The season is drawing to a close clone 4 much cleaner than clone 6. There were a in the Hudson Valley. The harvest has passed the few clusters of Sangiovese, a large clustered va- peak, with most of the earlier and mid-season va- riety, with healthy but clean Botrytis infections. rieties harvested. Those left are the later maturing Lemberger clusters were loose, bordering on varieties (e.g., Riesling, Cabernet franc, Cabernet scraggly. These vines suffered a bit of bud dam- sauvignon, and Corot noir). age last winter. This week at the Hudson Valley lab, Lemberger, Of all these varieties, Barbera wins the taste , and Hibernal (a German hybrid from award. Berries were luscious and flavorful with Geisenheim) were harvested. Lemberger and Hi- enough acidity to nicely balance the high sugar. bernal suffered heavy bird injury in some panels, Overall, this harvest has progressed at a steady but overall looked good. Fruit quality on Chelois but relaxed pace compared to other years. With was good. However, there were an overabun- minimal cluster rot and good flavors, there are dance of clusters and size was small. Next year great expectations for wine quality. we will have to remember to drop some clusters early in the season. Lake Erie (Luke Haggerty) Weather reports are predicting a cool down for Over the past week many of the Concord and Ni- later this week, as well as a possible frost. It also agara vineyards have transitioned from full green looks as though some of my colleagues in the Continued on p 10

Page 2 Green Wineries for Red and White Wines Chris Gerling The Cornell Enology Extension Program collaborates with engineers at RIT to put together a Sustainable Practices workbook for NY wineries. At about this time in 2014, I wrote about the be- ginnings of our sustainability workbook for win- ery operations. Thanks to a number of coopera- tors, we have made considerable progress over the past twelve months. As content is circulated and we get closer to a working draft, I’d like to Flow Meters. Measuring water use in wineries by installing flow meters is one of the first steps toward increasing sus- put out a call for your help. There are a number tainability in the winery of areas where feedback from industry has been, Photo by Chris Gerling is and will continue to be vital to the success of this project. We’re trying to create a worthwhile the VineBalance project, so I’m not trying to resource as opposed to just extra work. Below: knock VineBalance. I’m just trying to include as the current situation and a few different ways you few bugs as possible in the next update, in the can contribute. parlance of our times. Acknowledging that this is a winery book and VineBalance was for vine- During last year’s harvest we collected weekly yards, if you have any input you’d like to provide, water usage data from five Finger Lakes wineries. let me know. We are grateful to the owners and staff of the co- operating cellars and also to FLCC student Fran- We have partnered with the excellent people at cesca DeLuca, coordinator of the meter readings. the Rochester Institute of Technology’s Pollution Using this data and more that has been collect- Prevention Institute, and at this moment Susan ed over the past few years, we hope to establish Spencer, Patricia Donohue, Dave Fister and Gene baselines that can give regional wineries a realis- Park are giving this book the engineering horse- tic idea of what “normal” usage might look like. power and modern standards compliance cred- More information is always better, however, so if ibility that it will need to be a worthwhile tool. you happen to have water meters in your produc- Our goal is to have a draft to share with the indus- tion facility (yours or a from a municipal system), try when we hold our next advisory committee we would love to include it. At this point we are meeting in January. We will then do an unveiling interested in just three numbers: 1) water used at BEV NY where we will be looking for your ini- during harvest, 2) water used annually and 3) gal- tial impressions and also pilot cooperators to test- lons/ cases of wine produced in the cellar during drive the book next harvest. Last but not least, the year. Please contact me if you think you have I would like to acknowledge Peter FitzRandolph that information, or even just some of it. of Finger Lakes Sustainable Strategies for his con- tributions to the project. Peter lays out the busi- We are modeling the workbook after VineBal- ness case in the workbook but also helped get the ance, the vineyard sustainability resource devel- ball rolling when it still was a lot more uphill than oped by a consortium of cooperators throughout down. New York State. Like VineBalance, we hope to create a self-assessment tool that can be used by So that’s where we areight now. Thanks to all the the industry to recognize sustainable practices al- people who have helped get us to where we are ready being practiced and promote the adoption at this point, and congratulations again to Tim of new ones. To this end, we would like to hear and the whole VineBalance consortium for creat- feedback from VineBalance users. ing a model worth copying. Please let me know if you have water data or VineBalance feedback. Tim Martinson was just given a well-deserved We will begin reaching out for testing of the award from the College of Agriculture and Life whole book in early 2016. Best wishes for a safe Science based in large part on his leadership of harvest wrap-up.

Page 3 Research Plots Harvested Across Cover crops to address soil health. Luke New York Haggerty of the Lake Erie Regional Grape Extension Program has established trials of Several Cornell research and extension pro- several different cover crops for row centers grams rely on cooperators with commercial this year to address nutrient cycling, soil vineyards to carry out research and exten- health, and weed suppression to improve the sion projects. Other projects are completed long term productivity of Concord vineyards. ‘on-station’ at research farms including the Daikon Radish (below) grows rapidly, and Cornell Lake Erie Research and Extension the taproot recycles nutrients and can reduce Laboratory (Portland, NY), The Long Island soil compaction. Horticultural Research and Extension Center (Riverhead), The Baker Farm (Willsboro, NY), Cornell Horticulture’s Lansing Research farm (E. Cayuga Lake), and the NYS Agricultural Experiment Station (Geneva, NY).

Clonal Riesling Evaluation. Hans Walter- Peterson, CCE Finger Lakes Grape Program, is comparing performance of several Ries- ling clones at several field sites in the Finger Lakes with cooperators Hermann Wiemer Vineyards (W. Seneca lake), Boundary Breaks (E. Seneca Lake, Lodi), and Konstantin Frank vineyards (E. Seneca Lake, Hector). This project is part of an employee Ph. D. program Extension technician Scott Ebert holds two tillable radishes taken Hans is undergoing with Cornell faculty out of the cover crop experiment at CLEREL in Portland, NY. member Justine Vanden Heuvel. Photo by Luke Haggerty

Harvesting Riesling clonal trial at Merwarth vineyard, part of Her- mann J. Weimar winery and nursery. Photo by Hans Walter-Peterson

Page 4 Cover crops planted under the trellis in Sheldrake Point Cabernet Franc vineyard : (A) Dwarf Chicory; (B) Glyphosate; (C) Fescue; (D) Daikon Radish; (E) Alfalfa; (F) Vine with Alfalfa cover crop Photos by Tim Martinson

Under Trellis Cover Crops. Justine Vanden Heuvel’s graduate student Ming-Yi Chou, a na- tive of Taiwan, harvested Riesling with different under-the-trellis vegetation (glyphosate, cultiva- tion, native vegetation) from plots at Sheldrake Ming-Ye Chou with cover crop plants seeded under the trellis in Point Vineyards last weekend. This week he will Cabernet Franc vineyard at Sheldrake Point, Interlaken. Shown is harvest Cabernet Franc at Sheldrake with differ- Daikon Radish (left) and Dwarf Chickory (right) ent cover crop treatments (Daikon Radish, Chicko Photo by Tim Martinson ry, fescue, and glyphosate). Under-trellis cover crops can moderate excessive vigor and reduce the need for canopy manipulations to manage vine growth. Ming-Yi will also be using cutting- edge analytical techniques to profile how the dif- ferent cover crop treatments affect composition the ‘soil microbiome’, or the microbial communi- ties present in vineyard soils.

Technicians Bill Wilsey (left) and Steve Lerch (right) joined Ming- Ye (Center) and other students last Sunday for the harvest. Photo by Tim Martinson

Page 5 Fruit Composition Report - 10/16/2015 Samples reported here were collected on Monday, October 12. Where appropriate, sample data from 2014, averaged over all sites is included. Tables from 2014 are archived at http://grapesandwine.cals.cornell.edu/newsletters/veraison-harvest. We are again reporting berry weight, brix, titratable acidity and pH, and yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN).

Cabernet Franc Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 E. Seneca 1.66 21.8 3.28 7.3 75 Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 W. Seneca 1.35 22.1 3.27 7.1 65 Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 Cayuga HARVEST Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 Wayne County 1.15 21.2 3.22 7.5 93 Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 Geneva 1.64 21.5 3.30 8.3 98 Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 Dresden HARVEST Hudson Valley 10/12/2015 HVRL Highland 1.7 20.6 3.5 5.5 82 Long Island 10/12/2015 2.14 22.1 3.67 5.1 70 Long Island 10/12/2015 1.46 21.3 3.78 7.1 67 Average 10/12/2015 1.58 21.5 3.44 6.8 78 Prev. Sample 10/5/2015 1.49 21.1 3.40 6.2 57 ‘14 Average 10/14/2014 1.67 21.6 3.28 7.0 51 Catawba Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 Keuka 2.90 18.5 3.09 6.9 163 Prev Sample 10/5/2015 Keuka 2.97 17.6 3.00 10.0 108 ‘14 Sample 10/14/2014 Keuka 2.95 17.6 2.83 16.8 116 Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 9/28/2015 Keuka HARVEST . . . . Finger Lakes 9/28/2015 Cayuga HARVEST . . . . Finger Lakes 9/28/2015 Dresden HARVEST . . . . Final Sample 9/21/2015 2.96 19.3 3.32 7.4 237 ‘14 at Harvest 9/23/2014 2.78 17.4 2.92 13.1 138 Chardonnay Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 9/21/2015 Cayuga HARVEST . . . . Finger Lakes 9/21/2015 W. Seneca HARVEST . . . . Finger Lakes 9/28/2015 Dresden Cl 96 HARVEST . . . . Long Island 9/28/2015 LI-03 HARVEST . . . . Final Sample 9/28/2015 1.72 22.4 3.45 6.1 94 ‘14 Average 10/7/2014 1.86 20.3 3.20 8.4 87 Concord Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 Keuka 3.66 17.7 3.56 4.8 109 Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 W. Canandaigua HARVEST Lake Erie 10/12/2015 HARVEST Lake Erie 10/12/2015 HARVEST Average 10/12/2015 3.66 17.7 3.56 4.8 109 Prev Sample 10/5/2015 3.70 16.8 3.35 6.5 179 ‘14 Sample 10/14/2014 3.61 16.4 3.20 9.2 203 Corot Noir Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 Dresden 2.45 19.1 3.46 5.5 117 Prev Sample 10/5/2015 Dresden 2.47 19.0 3.41 6.0 122 ’14 At Harvest 9/30/2014 Teaching Vyd 2.34 18.2 3.22 7.9 73

Page 6 Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Champlain Valley 10/5/2015 Willsboro HARVEST Thousand Islands 10/5/2015 Clayton HARVEST Thousand Islands 10/5/2015 Clayton HARVEST Thousand Islands 10/5/2015 Clayton HARVEST Final Sample) 10/5/2015 Clayton 1.17 23.5 3.2 17.4 441 Frontenac Gris Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Champlain Valley 9/28/2015 Willsboro HARVEST Finger Lakes 9/21/2015 Trumansburg HARVEST Final Sample 9/21/2015 Willsboro 1.26 24.6 3.01 13.5 281 Prev Sample 9/21/2015 1.26 24.6 3.01 13.5 281 Gruner Veltliner Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 9/14/2015 Dresden HARVEST Final Sample 9/8/2015 Dresden 1.76 19.2 3.23 5.7 ‘14 at Harvest 9/16/2014 Teaching Vyd 1.63 18.0 3.20 6.8 139 La Crescent Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 9/21/2015 Geneva HARVEST Thousand Islands 9/21/2015 Clayton HARVEST Champlain Valley 9/21/2015 Willsboro HARVEST Finger Lakes 9/21/2015 Trumansburg HARVEST Final Sample 9/21/2015 1.52 21.5 3.00 17.8 149 Lemberger Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 Keuka HARVEST Finger Lakes 10/5/2015 Dresden HARVEST Average Prev. Average 10/5/2015 1.64 22.9 3.18 7.5 47 ‘14 At Harvest 10/14/2014 2.00 23.0 3.18 7.0 45 Malbec Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Long Island 10/5/2015 HARVEST Prev Sample 10/5/2015 LI-06 2.60 21.8 3.63 6.4 119 ’14 Sample 10/14/2014 LI-06 2.77 22.0 3.49 5.4 52 Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Champlain Valley 9/28/2015 Willsboro HARVEST . . . . Finger Lakes 9/28/2015 Keuka HARVEST . . . . Finger Lakes 9/28/2015 Trumansburg HARVEST . . . . Finger Lakes 9/28/2015 Dresden 3309 HARVEST . . . . Finger Lakes 9/28/2015 Dresden Own HARVEST . . . . Lake Erie 9/28/2015 HARVEST . . . . Thousand Islands 9/28/2015 Clayton HARVEST Thousand Islands* 9/28/2015 Clayton HARVEST Thousand Islands 9/28/2015 Clayton HARVEST . . . . Final Sample 9/28/2015 1.21 25.1 3.18 15.0 432 ‘14 at Harvest 9/2/2014 Harvest 2014 1.09 22.7 2.98 12.9 * 2nd crop sample not included in average, late due to spring frost

Page 7 Merlot Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Hudson Valley 10/12/2015 HVRL Highland HARVEST Long Island 10/12/2015 1.96 22.2 3.81 4.8 70 Long Island 10/12/2015 1.53 21.9 3.78 6.6 74 Average 10/12/2015 1.75 22.1 3.80 5.7 72 Prev Sample 10/5/2015 1.89 21.8 3.74 5.4 80 ‘14 Average 10/7/2014 2.03 20.3 3.55 5.7 66 Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Lake Erie 9/28/2015 Portland HARVEST Lake Erie 9/21/2015 Fredonia HARVEST Final Sample 9/21/2015 3.53 16.0 3.29 7.7 110 ‘14 at Harvest 9/23/2014 Portland 4.40 15.1 3.21 6.6 172 Noiret Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 10/5/2015 Wayne County 1.73 18.6 3.19 9.0 238 Hudson Valley 10/5/2015 HVRL Highland HARVEST Average Prev Sample 10/5/2015 1.73 18.6 3.19 9.0 238 ‘14 Sample 10/14/2014 1.96 18.2 3.31 8.0 188 Pinot Noir Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 9/28/2015 E. Seneca Harvested . . . . Final Sample 9/21/2015 E. Seneca 1.28 21.9 3.29 7.3 93 ‘14 at Harvest 9/23/2014 E. Seneca 1.39 20.5 3.12 8.9 88 Riesling Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 E. Seneca HARVEST Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 W. Seneca 1.49 19.9 3.03 9.5 75 Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 E. Seneca HARVEST Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 CL 90 Cayuga HARVEST Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 Keuka 1.39 19.8 3.10 8.2 98 Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 W. Seneca HARVEST Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 W. Canandaigua HARVEST Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 Wayne County 1.26 18.3 3.06 8.9 117 Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 Geneva 1.84 18.0 3.10 9.4 104 Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 E. Seneca/Cl198 1.61 20.2 3.14 6.6 67 Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 E. Seneca/ CL239 1.48 22.2 3.11 7.1 75 Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 Dresden 1.41 20.1 3.16 7.2 69 Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 E. Seneca/Cl90 1.59 21.9 3.10 6.8 68 Hudson Valley 10/12/2015 HVRL Highland 1.7 18.4 3.3 8.0 66 Long Island 10/12/2015 HARVEST Average 10/12/2015 1.53 19.9 3.12 8.0 82 Prev. Sample 10/5/2015 1.53 19.6 3.05 8.3 53 ‘14 Sample 10/14/2014 1.64 19.3 3.10 9.3 93 Sauvignon Blanc Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Long Island HARVEST Final Sample 9/14/2015 LI-02 1.43 20.0 3.29 6.7 65 ’14 at Harvest 9/16/2014 LI-02 1.44 19.5 3.16 7.5 63

Page 8 Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 9/8/2015 Cayuga HARVEST Lake Erie 9/8/2015 Fredonia HARVEST Final Sample 8/31/2015 1.63 14.9 2.98 12.1 ‘14 at Harvest 9/9/2014 1.82 18.2 3.04 9.0 148 St Croix Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 9/15/2015 Geneva HARVEST Final Sample 9/8/2015 Geneva 2.03 18.9 3.23 9.3 Traminette Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 Keuka 2.05 20.3 3.03 10.6 189 Hudson Valley 10/12/2015 HVRL Highland HARVEST Average 10/12/2015 2.05 20.3 3.03 10.6 189 Prev Sample 10/5/2015 Keuka 2.08 19.3 3.00 10.8 246 ‘14 Sample 10/14/2014 1.97 21.8 3.07 9.8 186 Vidal Blanc Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 10/12/2015 Dresden 2.27 23.2 3.32 7.1 102 Prev Sample 10/05/2015 Dresden 2.07 21.7 3.20 8.4 73 ’14 At Harvest 10/14/2014 Teaching Vyd 2.05 24.1 3.28 8.7 94 Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 9/28/2015 VSP Keuka HARVEST . . . . Finger Lakes 10/5/2015 W. Seneca HARVEST Final Sample 9/28/2015 W. Seneca 1.58 23.5 3.10 15.2 196 ‘14 at Harvest 9/30/2014 1.88 22.6 2.97 16.1 207 Zweigelt Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes HARVEST Final Sample 9/14/2015 Dresden 1.87 19.6 3.18 6.3 113 ’14 at Harvest 9/16/2014 Teaching Vyd 1.82 17.0 3.17 7.3 149

Page 9 Sign of the Season

Fall colors include Senescing grape leaves in this Niagara (r) and Concord (l) vineyard on West Seneca Lake. Continued from p 2 Photo by Tim Martinson Northern and Western parts of the state may see some snow showers! Depending on the severity of the frost This newsletter was made possible with support from the and the weather following it, this cool down may sig- New York Wine and Grape Foundation, the Lake Erie nal the end of the season for some grape growers. Regional Grape Program, Inc. and the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station at Cornell University. Champlain/Northeastern NY. Harvest is also wrapping up in Northeastern NY. The majority of harvest was Veraison to Harvest is a joint complete by the end of last week, so there few updates publication of: to report about the harvest this week. Things have Cornell Enology Extension shifted to cleaning up, winterizing sprayers, and mov- Program ing indoors for fruit processing and winemaking. Statewide Viticulture Extension Program Just in time too! Temperatures were warm and clear at the beginning of the week. But rain is in the forecast Long Island Grape Program all day Friday and then temperatures will drop off this Finger Lakes Grape Program weekend, reaching lows around 30°F. Snow showers are possible Saturday. Wow! Hard to believe just a Lake Erie Regional Grape Program month ago we were saying how unseasonably warm Eastern New York Regional Horticulture Program it was. Copyright 2015 © Cornell University

The information, including any advice or recommendations, con-tained herein is based upon the research and experience of Cornell Cooperative Extension personnel. While this information constitutes the best judgement/opinion of such personnel at the time issued, neither Cornell Cooperative Extension nor any representative thereof makes any representation or warrantee, express or implied, of any particular result or application of such information, or re- garding any product. Users of any product are encouraged to read and follow product-labeling instructions and check with the manu-facturer or supplier for updated information. Nothing contained in this information should be interpreted as an endorsement expressed or implied of any particular product.

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