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HISTORIA NATURAL Tercera Serie Volumen 5 (2) 2015/79-94 ISSN 0326-1778 y ISSN 1853-6581 HISTORIA NATURAL Tercera Serie Volumen 5 (2) 2015/79-94 LISTA COMENTADA DE LOS COSSIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) DE ARGENTINA Commented list of Cossidae (Lepidoptera) of Argentina Fernando C. Penco1 y Román Yakovlev2 1Fundación de Historia Natural “Félix de Azara”, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Antropología, Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775 piso 7 (1405BDB) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] 2Altai State University, Lenina 61, Barnaul (RUS-656049) Russia.Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology, Lenina 36 (RUS-634050), Russia. [email protected]; [email protected] 79 PENCO F. Y YAKOVLEV R. Resumen. Se proporciona una lista preliminar de especies de la familia Cossidae de Argentina, con 7 nuevos registros de género (Miacora, Magulacra, Spinulata, Simplicivalva, Trigena, Philiodoron, Givarbela) y 20 nuevos registros de especies para el país (Miacora leucocraspedontis, Magulacra notodontoides, M. niveogrisea, Spinulata maruga, Simplicivalva poecilosema, Trigena parilis, Langsdorfia adornata, Inguromorpha polybioides, Givira quadra, G. sobrana, G. harcur, G. sabulosa, G. albosignata, G. juturna, G. pardana, G. pallidicosta, Hypopta malina, H. aquila, Philiodoron frater, Morpheis discretus). Se incluyen correcciones y nuevos sinónimos. Se provee la distribución geográfica de cada especie y se mencionan las provincias en las que han sido encontradas dentro de Argentina. Se ilustran ejemplares tipo y nuevos registros. Palabras clave. Taxonomía, Neotrópico, Cósidos, polilla carpintera. Abstract. A preliminary list of species of the family Cossidae Argentina is provided, with 7 new records of genera (Miacora, Magulacra, Spinulata, Simplicivalva, Trigena, Philiodoron and Givarbela) and 20 new records of species for the country (Miacora leucocraspedontis, Magulacra notodontoides, M. niveogrisea, Spinulata maruga, Simplicivalva poecilosema, Trigena parilis, Langsdorfia adornata, Inguromorpha polybioides, Givira quadra, G. sobrana, G. harcur, G. sabulosa, G. albosignata, G. juturna, G. pardana, G. pallidicosta , Hypopta malina, H. aquila, Philiodoron frater and Morpheis discretus). Corrections and new synonyms are included. The geographic distribution of each species is provided and the provinces in which can be found in Argentina are mentioned. Type specimens and new records are illustrated. Key Words. Taxonomy, Neotropic, Cossids, carpenter moths. 80 HISTORIA NATURAL Tercera Serie Volumen 5 (2) 2015/79-94 LOS CossiDAE DE ARGENTINA INTRODUCCIÓN maño que los machos. El aspecto externo de sus cuerpos es robusto, fusiforme, y Los Cossidae son una familia de poli- sus alas son angostas. Poseen colores apa- llas de amplia distribución geográfica. gados, predominando el color gris o ma- Han sido registrados en Europa, África, rrón con diseños lineales, puntos o reticu- Madagascar, Asia, Australia y en todo el lados oscuros, y en ocasiones con brillo de continente Americano, desde EEUU hasta aspecto metálico. localidades del Sur de Chile y Argentina El estudio de las Cossidae neotropicales (Schoorl, 1990; Gentili, 1989; Pastrana, ha sufrido a través de los años numerosos 2004). Se reconocen alrededor de 110 gé- inconvenientes. Entre ellos se puede men- neros y unas 1000 especies en el mundo cionar la poca precisión en las descrip- (van Nieukerken et al., 2011), y se estima ciones originales, falta de ilustraciones, que el número de especies es aún mayor. tanto de genitales como de los adultos, Pertenecen a la Superfamilia Cossoidea escasez de material comparativo en las y son conocidas comúnmente con el nom- colecciones, así como de reiterados erro- bre de “polilla carpintera” o “carpenter res y malas identificaciones de algunas de moths” debido a que las larvas de mu- sus especies en la bibliografía existente, chas especies se alimentan horadando por lo que su revisión resulta en una tarea el tronco de sus plantas hospedadoras, y compleja. generando galerías y profundas heridas En Argentina el estudio de las Cossidae a su paso. La posición taxonómica de la ha sido siempre de carácter fragmentario, familia Cossidae ha sufrido modificacio- en especial en lo que concierne al catálo- nes a través de los años, y muchas espe- go de sus especies. Boisduval (1859) fue cies antes reconocidas como cósidos han el primero en registrar una especie para sido excluidas de dicha familia y ubica- la Republica Argentina, al describir En- das dentro de familias afines (Schoorl, dagria tigrina (sinonimo de Hypopta ambi- 1990). gua Hübner, 1818, descrita del Paraguay). Holloway et al. (1987) consideraron que Felder (1874) hizo lo propio con Endoxyla la superfamilia Cossoidea estaba integra- strigillatus, la segunda especie registrada da por cuatro familias: los Cossidae de para Argentina. Posteriormente Burmeis- distribución mundial, los Metarbelidae ter (1878) hizo una lista de 4 especies (En- oriúndos del sudeste de Asia y África, los doxyla xylotribus, E. pyracmon, E. strigilata Ratardidae del sector Oriental y los Dud- [sic] y E. melanoleucus) describiendo a ésta geoneidae de África, Madagascar, India, última como nueva especie, tambien in- Nueva Guinea y Australia. Schoorl (1990) cluyó a Chrysopyga undulata, especie que y Donahue (1995) reconocieron dentro de posteriormente fue transferida a la fami- los Cossidae americanos a cinco subfami- lia Megalopygidae. Berg (1882) describió lias: Chilecomadiinae, Cossinae, Zeuzeri- 3 nuevas especies (Hypopta mendosensis, nae, Hypoptinae y Cossulinae. H. correntina y H. superba). Bruch (1918) Se trata de polillas que poseen tamaños describió datos biológicos de la especie muy variados: mientras que algunas es- E. strigillata, mientras que en subsecuen- pecies apenas alcanzan los 20 mm, otras tes trabajos, Dognin agregó once espe- superan los 150 mm de envergadura. Las cies nuevas: Philanglaus metana y Givira hembras por lo general son de mayor ta- tucumanata (1910); Eugivira ornata y E. HISTORIA NATURAL Tercera Serie Volumen 5 (2) 2015/79-94 HISTORIA NATURAL Tercera Serie Volumen 5 (2) 2015/79-94 81 PENCO F. Y YAKOVLEV R. saladota (1911); Hypopta garsasia y H. ni- teriormente Gentili (1988) registró a 15 grisparsata (1916); Givira difflua, Hypopta especies de cossidae en bosques andino- racana y Hypopta ramulosa (1920); Philan- patagónicos y zonas de transición, restán- glaus invertita y Givira obscura (1923). Por dole la especie Acousmaticus magnicornis su parte Hering (1923) describió 3 nuevas a su lista anterior. Asimismo, basándose especies (Hypopta albicosta, H. selenophora en el modelo de Preston (1962) calculó la y Anastomophleps claosticha) siendo éste posible existencia de otras 18 especies en último descrito también como un gene- áreas xerofíticas adyacentes del sur de Ar- ro nuevo. Un año después Köhler (1924) gentina y Chile. describió 6 especies: (Langsdorfia argenta- Gentili (1989) basada en su propia te- ta, Givira brunnea, G. v-nigra, G. variabilis, sis redescribió Austrocossus, Andesiana y Hypopta variegata e H. giacomellii) en base a Schausisca, y las 7 especies arriba men- ejemplares de la colección Breyer. Schaus cionadas, registrando 15 especies para el (1934) describió 2 especies (Givira isarba área andino-patagónica. Schoorl (1990) y Xyleutes votani). Dyar & Schaus (1937) registró solamente a 13 especies para Ar- registraron 18 especies para argentina, y gentina, y consideró que los géneros An- describieron 3 géneros (Schreiteria, Chile- desiana, Austrocossus y Surcossus debido comadia y Puseyia) y 3 especies nuevas que a sus características no pertenecerían a habitan en Argentina (Givira rolis, Puseyia Cossidae. Giganti, Dapoto y Gentili (1994) ban y Schreiteria pectinicornis) además hi- mencionaron 2 especies para el Departa- cieron sinónimo a giacomelli con nigrispar- mento Aluminé, provincia de Neuquén sata, y erroneamente a metana con argen- (Chilecomadia moorei y Rhizocossus mun- tata. Orfila (1957) describió un nuevo gé- roei). nero y especie de la Patagonia (Breyeriana Donahue (1995) en el Atlas of Neotropi- cistransandina). cal Lepidoptera (Checklist: Part 2), inclu- Heimlich (1960) describió para Chile un yó dentro de las 282 especies de Cossidae nuevo género y nueva especie que tam- registradas en el continente americano, a bién habita en nuestro país (Surcossus per- las 41 especies descritas en base a ejem- laris). Donahue (1980) resucitó al género plares provenientes de Argentina, siendo Morpheis Hübner, mientras que Fletcher hasta el presente, el mayor número de (1982) propuso el nombre genérico Schrei- especies mencionadas para el país. En di- teriana en reemplazo de Schreiteria Dyar & cha publicación además se mencionó a los Schaus, por tratarse de un nombre preocu- géneros Andesiana y Austrocossus sin un pado. Gentili (1985) en su Tésis describió lugar asignado dentro de Cossidae, no se 3 nuevos géneros (Schausisca, Andesiana y reconoció a Philanglaus como género váli- Austrocossus) y 7 nuevas especies oriún- do, ni la sinonimia de Rhizocossus con Chi- das de la Patagonia (Schausisca desantisi, S. lecomadia propuestos por Gentili (1985). marmorata, Givira brunneoguttata, Andesia- El género Andesiana Gentili fue poste- na brunnea, A. lamellata, A. similis y Austro- riormente transferido a una nueva familia cossus minutus). Asimismo mencionó 16 de polillas monotrisias llamadas Andesia- especies para el área andino-patagónica nidae (Davis & Gentili, 2003) confirman- y zonas xerófilas circundantes. Revalidó do lo dicho por Schoorl. al género Philanglaus y propuso el sinóni- Respecto
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