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Download Download CULROSS ABBEY AND ITS CHARTERS. 67 IV. CULROSS ABBEY AND ITS CHARTERS, WITH NOTES ON A FIFTEENTH-CENTURY TRANSUMPT. Bv WILLIAM DOUGLAS, F.S.A.ScoT. No authentic record exist f thero s e having bee nchurca t Culrosha s before 1217, the date at which Malcolm, Earl of Fife, granted a charter for the foundation of a new Abbey; but from the legends of St Serf t KentigernS d an frod an ,m certain indication e Abbeth n i sy buildings, as well as from the presence of some Celtic stones in the churchyard, I think we are quite justified in saying that there was such a church, and that Earl Malcolm's Abbey was built upon its site. One of these legends, as given by Mr Skene,1 briefly runs as follows: — St Serf in the early part of the eighth century came to Adamnan, on the island of Inchkeith, and asked him how he was to dispose of himself and his family. Adamnan told him to occupy Fife. He went to Culross, and after removing the thorns and brushwood from a suitable spot mad r himselfo e a habitationf . Thee e Kinth th nf o g Picts wrotwa s h becaus e dwelh e t there withou s leave hi d sent an ,t to have him killed. There was the usual deadly sickness of the King e prayer e Saints curth Kine th hi y lan e f b Th d g o s.th d gavan m hi e he inhabited as an offering for ever, and St Serf founded a church and cemetery there. Finally, St Serf died at Dunning, and his body was brough s disciplehi y b tCulroso t s honourabld san y buried. Th e Abbe th par f o yt buildings which strengthen e traditioth s n is to be seen in the lower portion of the existing south wall of the nave e masonrth , f whico y s "hi arrange cubn i d e courses peculiao t r early work."2 Three Celtic e stoneseightth r f ninto o h, n i h w centuryno e ar , the churchyard; and as they do not appear to have been previously described mentioy t ma presena I , ns i thae t on trestin g againse th t wall of the church near the entrance door. It seems to be a fragment ofree-standina f g cross-shaft whic beed hha n sculpture foun o d r sides. Its front and back have been defaced, but on both the outer edges the Celtic ornamentation is still fairly distinct. On one side the design is that of the key pattern and spirals combined, and on the other of 1 Celtic Scotland, vol. 255p . ..ii ' M'Gibbon and Ross, Ecclesiastical Architecture, vol. ii. p. 234. 8 6 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , DECEMBE , 192514 R . the key pattern only. The fragment measures 31 inches long, 16 inches broadinche8 d an ,s thickseconpedestala e hale f th Th O f s .di - base and is also beside the church door. It is ornamented with a dog-tooth border, and measures 42 inches by 23 inches, and is 28 inches high. The socket for the shaft is 22 inches by 9 inches. The third also appears to be a part of a cross-shaft. It is partly embedded in the t presena ground s i d t an servin, e purposgth e of a border to a flight of steps near the north- east e cornechurchyardth f o r I havt . no e been able to examine it properly. When Earl Malcolm granted the whole schyre of Culenros in 1217 there was a church there at that time, for it is included in his charter. The first authentic record of the Abbey appears in the Melrose Chronicle, where it is stated, under date 1217, that Malcolm, Earf o l Fife,1 Abbefoundew ne f Culrossye o dth , that a deputation was despatched to it from Kinloss on the 18th of March 1217, and that Sir Hugh, a prior of Kinloss, was made the first Abbot, The note run thesn si e words:— " Fundat abbathit aes Kilinroe ad dominsa o Malcolmo comit Fife d quad ea , m abbathiam missus est conventus vii kalendas Marcii e Kinlod [Febm dompn] cu 23 s. o Hugone Fig . Cross-shaf1 . t Culrosa t s primo abbate de Kilinros quondam priore de Abbey. Kinlos: venit ergo idem conventus apud Kilinros xv kalendas Aprilis [March 18]."2 This note gives no information as to the nature of Earl Malcolm's originae th giftd an l, charter seem havo t s e bee unknows i n t i lost r ,fo n to any of the books on Culross that I have consulted. A transumpt of the charters of the early gifts to Cnlross Abbey s comha e inthandsy m o , with other paper se tim d whicon ha e t a h e possessioth bee e e Colvillefamiln i nth th f f o o n yf Cleisho s e th , hereditary e lordshibailieth t f i appear o f s Culross o pn i e d th s an , 1 Malcole sixtth s h mEarwa f Fifeo d grandsol an , f Earlo n ] Duncan o foundewh , e th d nunner t Norta y h Berwick s buried e wa die H n 1228d i d. , an ,accordin e Bookth f o o t g Pluscarde.n, in St Servanus' church at Culross. 2 Chronica e Mailrosd (Bannatyne Club) . 129p , . CULROSS ABBEY AND ITS CHARTERS. 69 charte y Earb r l Malcol e monkth f o mCulrose foundatiot o s th r fo s n of their new Abbey. The transumpt records that on the 17th of September 1450, Sir John Broune, monk of Culross, appeared in the Tolbooth of Edinburgh, carry- ing with him seven original charters in favour of the Abbot and Convent of Culross, all in perfect condition, with their seals attached, granted by Duncan, Earl of Fife, Reginald de Waren, Alexander Wallace, King Robert the Bruce, and three by King Alexander II., and presented them Provose th o t f Edinburgho t , sittin chais hi f judgmentn rgo i asked an , d givo t s authorit ehi m hi havo yt e them reduce publin di c form, because, owine danger e roadth th Abboe o g t f th ,d Conven o s an t t might fail o provt e their rights throug e los e writsr th decae ho th s f Th o .y Provost consented d orderean , e actinth d g notary, Thomas Broune, t a AndrewclerS f o k s diocese o makt , e transumptth e . This being done e Provostth , , after ascertaining thae copth t y agreed wite th h originals, commanded the common seal of the burgh of Edinburgh to be appended, so that as much faith might adhere to the transumpt originae th ao t s l charters. More tha na hundre d year se 27tlaterth hn o Decembe, r 1556e on , John Litillname th William,f n eo ,i Commendato f Culrossro , presented this transumpt agai1 n to the Provost and Bailies of Edinburgh, " and becau e samysth n aulseils habild dwe an l dekeo t l y haistely thaa sw ,t samye th n culd noch knawine b t , desyrit them hino et g thair commoun seill of new thairto agane, quhairto thei consentit." This second seal is still hangin e transumptth s e beeo originagt th ha nt e "abl,bu on l e decay,o t attachewhics y "b wa thoug g t hi ta de stilhth l remains. Earl Malcolm's charte f 121o a charter s preservei 7n i f s o u r o t d confirmation by Alexander II., which in turn is confirmed and quoted at length in the charter by Robert I. submitted for transumpt. It translatee b y ma follows:s da — MALCOLM, EAR FIFE'P LO S CHARTER. [1217] To all the sons of holy mother church both clerics and laymen o compresent o thi d swh e an chartet r rhea o shale r se l Malcolm Earl of Fife sends greeting in the Lord. Know ye all that I have given y thiy grantepresenb m s d an dt charter have con- firmed to God St Mary and St Servanus of Culenros and to the e monkCisterciath f o s n orde ro shal servinwh l d forevean g r serve Go de foundatioth there r fo , f e theio weaw Abbeynth ne rr l fo , of the soul of my lord King William and the souls of all his 1 William Colville, a natural son of Mr Robert Colville of Hiltown. 70 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F SO , DECEMBE , 1925R14 . predecessors and for the weal of the soul and prosperity of my lord King Alexander King of Scotland and his parents and suc- e soul e th weaf myself th o f sy o r l cessors m fathey fo m d , d an ran , mother and the souls of all my predecessors and successors, the whole land of the schyre of Culenros by its right marches with church and castle and all the just pertinent1 s of the said schyre, and e lan f th Quyltyso d s righit y tb 2 marche s jus it d wit l tan sal h pertinents e lan th f Ennevert o dd s an righ, it y tb 3 marche witd an sh s jusit l t al pertinents e lan f th Abercrombyo d d an , s righit y tb 4 marches and with all its just pertinents, and a toft within the town of Casteltoune5 with its right marche d libertiesan s d twentan , y pounds of sterlings from the monastery of Northberwic annually to e uplifteb d n foreverpoundte d f Earl'o san , s ferry6 (passagio comitis) annually to be possessed forever and the church of Tulybothwyn7 s jusit wit tl al hpertinent e lan f th Gogero d d an s nex e wateth t r of Bonane9 b8 y its right marches and with all its just pertinents, to- gether with sixty shillings of sterlings from the ferms of Logynathrane10 annuall e uplifteb o t y d forever r sixtfo , ye sai acreth d f o lans f o d Goger taken away from the said monks by perambulation of the country e presencmad th Malcole n m ei f eo m Ear f Fifeo ld thirt an , y three pounds of sterlings six shillings and eight pennies of annual rent in the Town of Couper and mills of the same Townu for the land f Munchano s d Rathulythyan which land e saith sd monkd ha s 2 1 s impossibli t definI o t e boundariew th e eno "thf o s e whole lan de shir oth f f Culross,eo " but 1a fair idea of its extent can be obtained from the lands gifted to Lord Colville of Culross n 158i 9 (se .
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