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Illicit Entrepreneurs and Legitimate Markets Philip Marti
The London School of Economics and Political Science Backdoor traders: illicit entrepreneurs and legitimate markets Philip Martinov Gounev A thesis submitted to the Department of Sociology of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, April 2011 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author. I warrant that this authorization does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. 2 Abstract This dissertation examines the factors that determine the behaviour of criminal entrepreneurs in legitimate markets. The particular aspect studied is how such entrepreneurs enter a new market when they immigrate into a new country (Chapter 1). The empirical focus of the thesis is the Bulgarian illegal entrepreneurs involved in the sale of stolen cars. More specifically, the dissertation compares their market behaviour in Bulgaria and in Spain between the late 1990s and 2010. The empirical basis for the dissertation is a comprehensive analysis of summaries of 86 Spanish police investigations against organised crime networks, as well as fieldwork consisting of interviews with 79 offenders, law-enforcement officers, entrepreneurs, and car-dealers in Spain and Bulgaria (Chapter 2). -
Destroying Ethnic Identity: Selective Persecution of Macedonians in Bulgaria
February 12, 1991 DESTROYING ETHNIC IDENTITY: SELECTIVE PERSECUTION OF MACEDONIANS IN BULGARIA Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 The Macedonian Policies of the Bulgarian Communist Party -- A History of Human Rights Abuse..................................................................................................................................................................................2 Post-Zhivkov Government Implements New Minorities Policy But Continues to Violate Rights of Macedonians ..............................................................................................................................................4 Recent Examples of Human Rights Violations Against Macedonians.......................................................................................................................5 Registration of Macedonian Groups Denied by Courts .................................................................................................................................5 Macedonian Congress Interrupted .............................................................................................................................................................................7 Restrictions Placed on Petition Gathering ............................................................................................................................................................8 -
Historical Roots of the Macedonian Language Codification
POLSKA AKADEMIA UMIEJĘTNOŚCI TOM XXIV STUDIA ŚRODKOWOEUROPEJSKIE I BAŁKANISTYCZNE 2016 DOI 10.4467/2543733XSSB.16.009.6251 STOJAN KISELINOVSKI Institute of National History, Skopje HISTORICAL ROOTS OF THE MACEDONIAN LANGUAGE CODIFICATION Kew words: Political nomenclature, language majority, language minority, Yugoslav Mace- donism, Koliševism I Two thirds would be in Macedonian, one third in Serbian, Stojan Novaković, Serbian scientist and a diplomat, 1888 The historical roots of the Macedonian language codifi cation: The historical roots of the Macedonian language codifi cation date back to the end of the 19 century. Several historical determinisms appeared and operated at the historical fi eld during this period: pro-Bulgarian, pro-Serbian and later on ethnic Macedonian1. The pro-Bulgarian movement was displayed at a political and culturally educational level. There were two tendencies in Macedonia within the frameworks of the pro-Bulgar- ian movement Varhovists and Centralists. The diff erence between these two categories was not of an ethnical, but of a political nature. Both the Varhovists and Centralists were supporting the unity of Macedonia with Bulgaria. The Varhovists supported quick unity through an uprising, even if it meant a war with the neighbours and the Centralists on the other hand, where aspiring to implement the Eastern-Rumelia formula for unity of Macedonia with Bulgaria through autonomy. Regarding ethnicity the Varhovists, as well as the Centralists, considered that the Macedonians are Bulgarians and the Macedonian language is a dialect of the Bulgarian literary language. For this reason, the Bulgarian language was used for all the political activity of the pro-Bulgarian movement in Macedonia. -
Aspects of the Ideal of Socialist Masculinity and Its Disintegration – from the “Iron Men” to the Man-Centaur
Center for Open Access in Science ▪ Belgrade - SERBIA 5th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences http://centerprode.com/conferences/5IeCSHSS.html ISBN (Online) 978-86-81294-05-5 ▪ 2020: 179-188 _________________________________________________________________________ Aspects of the Ideal of Socialist Masculinity and its Disintegration – From the “Iron Men” to the Man-centaur Gergana Popova South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Blagoevgrad, BULGARIA Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Philosophical and Political Sciences Received: 15 May 2020 ▪ Accepted: 17 June 2020 ▪ Published Online: 10 July 2020 Abstract The paper studies the socialistic interpretation of the Bulgarian sportsmen called “iron men” i.e. the sportsmen competing in the highly developed in socialist Bulgaria “power” sports (wrestle, boxing, and weightlifting). The article claims that the development of “power” sports along with the generally negative Communist conceptualization of the rough power serves the skillful balance between the explicit rules and the hidden requirements of the system. In its second part the paper studies the turning of this sportsman into the “mutra” – one of the popular masculine figure on 90s in Bulgaria. The “mutra” is conceptualized as a man-centaur – a masculine figure which body mixes bestial and human characteristics. The article claims that in a way this kind of body evokes not only fear or disgust but also admiration and envy and it constitutes one of the ideal types of masculinity in Bulgaria after 1989. Keywords: ideal masculinities, iron men, power sports, socialist masculinity, mud. 1. “The iron men” In the communist hierarchy of ideal masculine images in Bulgaria, the figures of the partisan and the worker were undoubtedly central. -
Free Trade Union Institute/ Suite 410 0 1925 K Street, N.W
Free Trade Union Institute/ Suite 410 0 1925 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006 1105 (202) 778-4646 Fax: (202) 778-4647 Board of Directors Marvin J. Boede 9 Linda Chavez-Thompson LLane ane KRlaKirkland, n President Robert A Georgine * James Hatfield Ph .re ta -T asLenore Frank Hun e Gloria T. Johnson e Jay Mazur Thomas R. Donahue. Secretary-Treasurer Miller a Albert Shanker 0 1 AX John 1. Sweeney e Lynn R. Williams Paul J1.Sonogyi, Executive Director Charles D. Gray. Director. [AD. AFL-CIO October 31, 1994 Mr. Gerald Hyman, Project Officer EUR/DR/DPI Room 4440 320 Twenty-first Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20523-0053 RE: A.I.D. Grant No. EUR-0017-G-00-2025-00 Dear Mr. Hyman: Enclosed is the Free Trade Union Institute's program performance quarterly report on the referenced grant for the period July 1, 1994 - September 30, 1994. Several budget adjustments were made on the financial summary which I believe will more accurately reflect the focus of each project. Specifically, the Warsaw combined Office budget was with the Northern Tier budget and renamed "Northern Regional Office Tier (Warsaw). The Baltic States budget was combined with the Lithuania budget and renamed Baltic Finally, States/Lithuania. section 3 of the Bulgaria budget (Balkan Regional Office) was combined with the Sofia Regional Office and renamed Balkan Regional Office (Sofia); the balance remaining (sections 1 and 2) is targeted for programs within Bulgaria. Additional reprogramming requests are awaiting approval will further impact budget and figures. Final budget figures will be included with the final quarterly program performance report for this grant. -
Kukeri: Ritual Performances in Bulgaria
KUKERI: RITUAL PERFORMANCES IN BULGARIA by KALINA BAKALOVA (Under the Direction of Freda Scott Giles) ABSTRACT The masked performances of Kukeri have survived from pre-Christian times and are still performed in multiple villages all over Bulgaria by men and women covered in goat skins and monstrous masks who, during the Winter months as well as around the Lenten season, chase the evil spirits away. The group of goat-skinned figures is followed by “funny men” dressed like women who stage satirical scenes commenting on current social issues such as presidential elections or price inflation. This dissertation analyzes the subject of Kukeri from the theoretical prism of performance studies and examines it as a performance incorporating theatrical elements such as improvisation, costumes and sets. In addition to analyzing the performance elements of Kukeri, I examine the practices as a site for constructing and performing nationality, ethnicity and patriotism. Kukeri includes the stock characters of the two major religious groups currently present on the territory of Bulgaria—Muslims and Christians. I argue that the performances, contrary to widely spread scholarly affirmations and popular beliefs, do not belong exclusively to the Bulgarian-Christian segments of the population. In addition, I investigate the performances as a site for constructing patriotism and nationality by also researching the process of “legitimatizing” Kukeri under Communism and reviewing the reconstructed Kukeri performances held at the official festivals away from their original village contexts and reframed according to the Party’s policy of staging and simulating the folk traditions of the people. I also focus exclusively on the satirical scenes staged by the “funny men” groups and study them as sites of popular culture, political protest and social satire.