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Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works

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Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works World Heritage Scanned Nomination File Name: 1178.pdf UNESCO Region: LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works DATE OF INSCRIPTION: 15th July 2005 STATE PARTY: CHILE CRITERIA: C (ii)(iii)(iv) DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Excerpt from the Decisions of the 29th Session of the World Heritage Committee Criterion (ii): The development of the saltpeter industry reflects the combined knowledge, skills, technology, and financial investment of a diverse community of people who were brought together from around South America, and from Europe. The saltpeter industry became a huge cultural exchange complex where ideas were quickly absorbed and exploited. The two works represent this process. Criterion (iii): The saltpeter mines and their associated company towns developed into an extensive and very distinct urban community with its own language, organisation, customs, and creative expressions, as well as displaying technical entrepreneurship. The two nominated works represent this distinctive culture. Criterion (iv): The saltpeter mines in the north of Chile together became the largest producers of natural saltpeter in the world, transforming the Pampa and indirectly the agricultural lands that benefited from the fertilisers the works produced. The two works represent this transformation process. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS Humberstone and Santa Laura works contain over 200 former saltpeter works where workers from Chile, Peru and Bolivia lived in company towns and forged a distinctive communal pampinos culture. That culture is manifest in their rich language, creativity, and solidarity, and, above all, in their pioneering struggle for social justice, which had a profound impact on social history. Situated in the remote desert Pampa, one of the driest deserts on earth, thousands of pampinos lived and worked in this hostile environment, for over 60 years, from 1880, to process the largest deposit of saltpeter in the world, producing the fertilizer sodium nitrate that was to transform agricultural lands in North and South America, and in Europe, and produce great wealth for Chile. 1.b State, Province or Region: Province of Iquique 1.d Exact location: S20 12 20.9 W69 47 38.6 1 Oficinas Salitreras Humberstone y Santa Laura POSTULACIÓN PARA SU INCLUSIÓN EN LA LISTA DEL PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL/UNESCO Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works NOMINATION FOR INCLUSION ON THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST/UNESCO REPÚBLICA DE CHILE|REPUBLIC OF CHILE DICIEMBRE|DECEMBER 2003 2 REPÚBLICA DE CHILE/Oficinas Salitreras Humberstone y Santa Laura, postulación para su Inclusión en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial/Unesco 3 REPUBLIC OF CHILE/Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works, nomination for Inclusion on the World Heritage List/Unesco Oficinas Salitreras Humberstone y Santa Laura POSTULACIÓN PARA SU INCLUSIÓN EN LA LISTA DEL PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL/UNESCO Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works NOMINATION FOR INCLUSION ON THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST/UNESCO REPÚBLICA DE CHILE|REPUBLIC OF CHILE DICIEMBRE|DECEMBER 2003 4 REPÚBLICA DE CHILE/Oficinas Salitreras Humberstone y Santa Laura, postulación para su Inclusión en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial/Unesco 5 REPUBLIC OF CHILE/Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works, nomination for Inclusion on the World Heritage List/Unesco En 1998 el Gobierno de Chile incluyó las Oficinas Salitreras Humberstone y Santa In 1998, the Chilean Government included the Santiago Humberstone and Santa Laura en la Lista Tentativa de Bienes Culturales a ser postulados como Sitios del Laura Saltpeter Works on the Tentative List of Cultural Properties to be nominated as Patrimonio Mundial, estableciendo un carácter prioritario para su nominación, decisión World Heritage Sites, establishing priorities for their nomination; a decision that ack- que reconoce el valor universal de esta rica herencia. nowledges the universal value of this rich legacy. Hablar de la Era del Salitre es dar cuenta de una epopeya en que el ser humano con- To speak of the Saltpeter Era is to conjure up an epic of human proportions in man’s quistó el desierto y fue conquistado por él, deviniendo en pampino. Ha sido el pam- conquest of the desert, whereupon it became the Pampa. It was the inhabitants pino el que con su fuerza señera ha luchado por la conservación de estos testimonios of this area –the Pampinos– who, with their unstinting efforts, have fought for the excepcionales de ese proceso. Fueron ellos, también, quienes el año 2001 reunieron conservation of these exceptional pieces of evidence. It was they who, in 2001, got y entregaron en el Centro de Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO las 20.000 firmas que together and submitted to the World Heritage Center of the UNESCO, the 20,000 sig- apoyan la presente nominación. natures that endorse this nomination. Este expediente es la culminación de un sentido anhelo y el inicio de un gran desafío This file is the climax of a desire and the beginning of a great future challenge, but it futuro, pero es sobre todo un homenaje a los hombres y mujeres de la Pampa. also pays tribute to the men and women of the Pampa. En memoria de Don Roberto Montandón Paillard, quien dedicó parte de su vida a la To the memory of Roberto Montandón Paillard, who devoted a large part of his life to conservación de estas salitreras. the conservation of these Saltpeter Works. 6 REPÚBLICA DE CHILE/Oficinas Salitreras Humberstone y Santa Laura, postulación para su Inclusión en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial/Unesco 7 REPUBLIC OF CHILE/Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works, nomination for Inclusion on the World Heritage List/Unesco INDÍCE INDEX 1. Identificación del bien 1. Identification of the property 13 a) País a) Country (and State Party if different) 13 b) Estado, provincia o región b) State, Province or Region 13 c) Denominación del bien c) Name of Property 13 d) Localización cartográfica exacta y coordenadas geográficas d) Exact location on map and indication of geographical coordinates 13 e) Mapas y/o planos en los que se indiquen los límites de la zona e) Maps and/or plans showing boundary of area proposed for inscription 13 que se propone y de la eventual zona de amortiguación and of any buffer zone f) Superficie del bien que se propone incluir (há) f) Area of property proposed for inscription (ha.) y de la eventual zona de amortiguación (há) and proposed buffer zone (ha.) if any 14 2. Justificación de la inscripción 2. Justification for inscription 15 a) Afirmación de significado a) Statement of significance 15 b) Posible análisis comparativo b) Possible comparative analysis (con referencia al estado de conservación de bienes similares) (including state of conservation of similar properties) 21 c) Autenticidad e integridad c) Authenticity/Integrity 25 d) Criterios según los cuales se propone la inscripción d) Criteria under which inscription is proposed (y justificación de la inscripción con arreglo a estos criterios) (and justification for inscription under these criteria) 25 3. Descripción 3. Description 29 a) Descripción del bien a) Description of Property 29 a.1) Las Oficinas Salitreras en su medio natural a.1) The saltpeter works in their natural environment 29 a.2) Descripción General de las Oficinas Salitreras a.2) A general description of the saltpeter works 30 Descripción de los Sistemas Productivos del Salitre A description of the production of saltpeter 32 a.3) Conjunto Industrial Salitrero Oficinas Humberstone y Santa Laura a.3) The industrial complex of the Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works 33 a.3.1) Oficina Salitrera Humberstone a.3.1) The Humberstone Saltpeter Works 33 a.3.2) Oficina Salitrera Santa Laura a.3.2) The Santa Laura Saltpeter Works 42 Los grandes personajes de la Industria del Salitre Famous personages connected with the saltpeter industry 46 b) Historia y desarrollo b) History and Development 47 45 b.1) La Era del Salitre b.1) The Saltpeter Era 47 45 La Guerra del Pacífico (1879-1883) The Pacific War (1879-1883) 52 El Salitre y la guerra civil de 1891 Saltpeter and the civil war of 1891 54 b.2) Las Oficinas Salitreras Humberstone y Santa Laura b.2) The Humberstone and Santa Laura Works 60 b.3) Los obreros del salitre y la identidad pampina b.3) The Saltpeter workers and the pampa identity 62 6 REPÚBLICA DE CHILE/Oficinas Salitreras Humberstone y Santa Laura, postulación para su Inclusión en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial/Unesco INDÍCE | INDEX 7 REPUBLIC OF CHILE/Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works, nomination for Inclusion on the World Heritage List/Unesco INDEX c) Tipo y fecha de los documentos más recientes referentes al bien c) Form and date of most recent records of property 70 d) Estado actual de conservación d) Present state of conservation 73 e) Políticas y programas relacionados con la valoración y la promoción del bien e) Policies and programmes related to the presentation and promotion of the property 76 e.1) La creación artística en torno al bien e.1) Artistic Creation around the Properties 82 Términos pampinos Some pampa terms 87 4. Gestión 4. Management 88 a) Propiedad a) Ownership 88 b) Situación jurídica b) Legal status 89 b.1) Formas legales de protección del bien b.1) Legal ways in which to protect the property 90 c) Medidas de protección y mecanismos para aplicarlas c) Protective measures and means of implementing them 92 d) Organismos responsables de la gestión d) Agencies with management authority 94 e) Escala a la que
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