Formation of Reddy Identity in Southern Karnataka 1900-2000 Ce
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FORMATION OF REDDY IDENTITY IN SOUTHERN KARNATAKA 1900-2000 CE A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Philosophy In History By K.R.MUNIRAJU Reg. No. 1034601 Under the Guidance of DR. S. P. VAGISHWARI Associate Professor DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY CHRIST UNIVERSITY Property of Christ University. Use it for fair purpose. Give credit tBANGALORE,o the author b INDIAy citing properly, if your are using it. May 2012 Dedication DEDICATED TO MY PARENTS Sri. RAMAIAH and Smt. RAMAKKA Property of Christ University. Use it for fair purpose. Give credit to the authi or by citing properly, if your are using it. Approval of Dissertation Dissertation entitled ’FORMATION OF REDDY IDENTITY IN SOUTHERN KARNATAKA 1900-2000CE’ by K.R.Muniraju, Reg. No. 1034601 is approved for the degree of Master of Philosophy in History. Examiners: 1. _______________ ___ _____________________ 2. __________________ ______________________ 3. __________________ ______________________ Supervisors: __________________ ______________________ Chairman __________________ ______________________ Date: ___________ Seal Place: Christ University Property of Chri st University. Use it for fair purpose. Give credit to the autiih or by citing properly, if your are using it. DECLARATION I K.R.Muniraju hereby declare that the Dissertation, titled ‘FORMATION OF REDDY IDENTITY IN SOUTHERN KARNATAKA 1900-2000CE’ is a record of original research work done by me for the award of the degree of master of philosophy in History . I have completed this study under the supervision of Dr. S.P. Vagishwari, Asssociate professor, Department of History. I also declare that this Dissertation has not been submitted for the award of any Degree, Diploma, Associate ship, Fellowship or other similar title. It has not been sent for any publication or presentation purpose. Place: Christ University Date: Signature of the Candidate K.R. Muniraju Reg. No. 1034601 Department of History Christ University, Bangalore Property of Chri st University. Use it for fair purpose. Give credit to the autiiih or by citing properly, if your are using it. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Dissertation submitted by K.R.Muniraju, Reg. No MLHI 1034601 titled ‘FORMATION OF REDDY IDENTITY IN SOUTHERN KARNATAKA 1900-2000CE’ is a record of research work done by him during the academic year of 2010-12 under my supervision in partial fulfillments for the award of the degree of master of philosophy in History. This dissertation has not been submitted for the award of any Degree, Diploma, Associate ship, Fellowship or other similar title. It has not been sent for any publication or presentation purpose. Date: Place: Signature of Guide Dr. S.P. Vagishwari Associate Professor, Department of History, Christ University, Bangalore Property of Christ University. Use it for fair purpose. Give credit to the autivh or by citing properly, if your are using it. AKNOWLEDGEMENT Bringing out of this dissertation, in its present form has been an interesting and challenging experience. Facing this challenge would not been possible without the support and understanding of many. They have ceased my effort and I am indebted to them. I owe my gratitude to God Almighty for the blessing and inspirations to go ahead with my study. I am indebted to Dr. S.P.Vagishwari, my guide who readily agreed to guide me. She has been a source of inspiration for me and I have learnt a lot from her, as professional and as a person. I am grateful to Dr. C. C. Jose, the principal of Christ Junior College, Dr. Tony Sam George, Associate professor of Psychology, Dr. K. Hemalatha, Research Co-ordinator, Department of Social Work, who sharing their insights and knowledge on the topic I wish to thank Dr. Thomas C Mathew, the vice Chancellor for providing me a chance in carryout of this research work at Christ University. Finally I extent my thanks all those who helped me directly and indirectly in carryout of the research work. K.R.MUNIRAJU Property of Christ University. Use it for fair purpose. Give credit to the autvh or by citing properly, if your are using it. ABSTRACT Reddy is the name of a socio-economically and politically dominant community found in Southern India. Today one of the largest single community grouping in south India in general and Andhra Pradesh in particular is Reddy community. They are generally considered traditional village headmen. They had a remarkable history since the period of shatavahanas of 2nd century BCE and the various people from this community have helped people in large way throughout the period and they are socially committed and economically enterprise. Historically the people of the Reddy community had appears some were very wealthy Landowners and Businessmen. Famous Kings, Awardees, Academics, Scientists & Civil Servants, Business Leaders & Entrepreneurs, famous Politicians, Entertainers & Film Professionals, Freedom Fighters, Activists & Philanthropists, Poets and Writers and many more. Though the community regarded their ancestors belongs Andhra Pradesh Telugu as their mother tongue, they assimilated with the regional culture of Karnataka and became proficient in Kannada language too. The community played major role in political arena and became one among the makers of modern Karnataka. Since 1900 their Political identity was expressed through political associations, Freedom movement, and backward class movement and pressurizing for establishment responsible government in Mysore region. Socially the community has been identified as an important caste in south India. The marriage ceremony is sanctified through the authorization of Brahmana, Dasayya. The community has the complex setup within itself because they are in large number. They have peculiar social practices of the appreciation of Brahmanical ideas and Property of Christ University. process of sankritization is rooted in the original beliefs of Reddy Use it for fair purpose. Give credit to the autvih or by citing properly, if your are using it. community, The Practice of bride price, widow remarriage, the Brahmin priest not invite to their marriage occasion by some sub castes and many more. The community extended its liberal attitude towards improving the status of women has resulted in arising of many women as industrialists, artists, scientists, physicians, realtors, sports persons and scholars. Economically they are committed to land and agriculture. Culturally the community has predominant followers of the Hinduism with Veerashaiva, Vaishnava and Shaktha sects as the most important faiths. Their annual pilgrimage is to the temple of Shrishaila Mallikarjuna. Yogi VemanaReddy and HemaReddy Mallama were as the legends. The Brahmanical idenitity is not observed and accepted by all denomination of Reddys. The ‘Guru Paramapare’ also exists among the Reddy communities. Each sub caste has to pay their homage to their respective Gurus, who preside over the Matha. The festivals celebrated by the community like Bandi Devara Habba and Makkala Dyavaru are the most specific ones. It has to be accepted as liberation from some hierarchical control and assertion of a community attempting to carve a certain niche status which resulted in a form of monastic tradition or Gurupeeta tradition since the last two decade in Karnataka. Being the promoters of education and literature they established schools, colleges, training centers, hostels and study centers. They are socially advanced, economically developed, politically organized and culturally established. Thus they become influential factor in formation of social-political-economic identity in southern Karnataka. Property of Christ University. Use it for fair purpose. Give credit to the autviih or by citing properly, if your are using it. Table of Contents Chapter Chapter name Page No No Dedication i Approval Certificate ii Candidate Declaration iii Certificate of Originality iv Acknowledgement v Abstract vi Table of Content viii 1 Introduction 1-13 1.1 Geographical Setting 1.2 Historical Background of The Study 1.3 Context of Research Problem 1.4 Objective of Research Topic 1.5 Hypothesis 1.6 Limitations of Research Property of Christ University. Use it for fair purpose. Give credit to the auviiith or by citing properly, if your are using it. 1.7 Review of Literature 1.8 Methodology of Research 1.9 Chapters Overview 2 Roots, Extent and Early History of The Reddy 14-33 Community: 2.1 Roots of the Reddy Community 2.2 Migration and Settlement of Reddy Community 2.3 Composition of the Reddy Community In Karnataka Region 2.4 Historical context of the Reddy Community up to 1900 CE 3 Political Identity 34-59 3.1 Political identity in freedom movement from1900-1947 C E 3.2 Movement for Responsible Government in Mysore 3.3 Non Brahmin and Backward Class Movement 3.4 Post –Independence Era :1947-2000 CE 4 Social -Economic and Cultural Identity, 60-90 4.1 SocialPro Identityperty o f Christ University. Use it for fair purpose. Give credit to the autixh or by citing properly, if your are using it. 4.2 Economic Identity 4.3 Cultural Identity 4.4 Media 5 Conclusion 91-94 Bibliography 95-103 Appendices 104-116 Appendix-I 104 Appendix-II 106 Appendix-III 108 Appendix-IV 111 Appendix-V 114 Appendix-VI 116 Appendix-VII 118 Property of Christ University. Use it for fair purpose. Give credit to the autxh or by citing properly, if your are using it. Chapter- 1 Introduction The Ethnographical sketch of India is to be note that various castes and sects of the nation have been associated