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Hello from HelloStuttgart! from We are an independent initiative called Stuttgart am Neckar born in the M.Sc. Stuttgart!of Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design (IUSD) of the Uni- versity of Stuttgart. We are 22 students from around the globe commit- ted to bring the river Neckar back where it belongs, in every Stuttgarter heart. Join us in our journey and let yourself be part of this initiative filled with passion, creativity and knowledge. PAGE 2 STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017
MOTIVATION
Let’s do a small exercise. Search on your historical cathedral as background, the makers for decades, could be revitalized? towards a better environment around the Images section in Google: “Paris”. What green areas around the Elbe in Dresden The idea of reviving the riverbanks river. Even though the efforts have not do you see in the first images? Now, do or the Neckar in Heidelberg and the in Stuttgart is not new. Almost every been prominently successful, they have the same with the following: “London”, magnificent connection of the rivers Mosel summer season, the theme of bathing in started to build the ground to keep pushing then “Budapest” and finally, “Prague”. Do and Rhine in Koblenz. the Neckar comes to discussion in the city for integrated solutions and calling the you see something in common? Even if with unsatisfactory results. Apparently, attention of citizens and officials. you do not go that far and search again But the exercise is not over, there is one the water is too dirty and the fact of being but this time for: “Berlin”, “Cologne”, more step to reach the end. Let’s type a national waterway makes the direct Should we lose any hope, then? “Dresden”, “Heidelberg”, “Koblenz”. Do you “Stuttgart” this time. At this point, you interaction between citizens and the river see any similarity between all of them? I might be expecting a similar picture of a almost impossible. But this is not the one These and more questions will be ad- bet there is. Probably, what you will find city with its emblematic buildings and a and only problem, the Neckar riverbanks dressed in this publication along with the are pictures of the river Seine with a beautiful river finding its way across. How- are the least of the things why the city efforts made during the summer season of romantic background of the Eiffel tower ever, what you found is not like that, right? should feel proud of. Lack of proper 2017 by Stuttgart am Neckar, an indepen- in Paris. Or maybe you will be amazed by Well, that is because the river in Stuttgart infrastructure, very narrow bike and dent initiative born in the Master of Inte- the views of the magnificent Parliament is not part of its identity, not at least in pedestrian paths, long distances without grated Urbanism and Sustainable Design and the Citadel separated by the Danube the minds of most of the inhabitants of the facilities, almost non-existent pulling (IUSD) of the University of Stuttgart as river in Budapest. Coming closer, you city. The truth is, Stuttgart does have a attractions, very few access points, fences part of the Integrated Research and De- might feel the amazing contrasts in how river and it is called Neckar. along the river, low maintenance and a sign studio, with the aim to find effective the history and its river, the Spree, has sense of non-belonging are just some solutions and realistic strategies to revi- shaped the city of Berlin. Most probably, What happened then? Why having a river of the features that the few users of the talize the Neckar river and bring it back your small research will also delight your Stuttgart is not recognized as a “river river experience every day. As a response to the city. eyes with images of beautiful promenades city” like the ones mentioned above? Why to all those problems, many initiatives along the Thames river in London, the nobody has done anything about it? And have aroused with the years, claiming the historic bridges crossing the Vltava river more important, how a river like the Neck- right to enjoy the river and demanding in Prague, the Rhine in Cologne with the ar, neglected by citizens and decision- more and better solutions from the city
Promenades along the Seine river, Paris. Photo Courtesy: Sally Ejeilat
Activity along the Rhine, Cologne. Photo Courtesy: Sally Ejeilat STUTTGART AM NECKAR STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 PAGE 3
Moorland of Schwenninger Moos
THE NECKAR HISTORY AT A GLANCE
What makes up a river city? A river flowing cores of Greater Stuttgart: the Stuttgart between Hedelfingen/Untertürkheim and and settlements to be laid out in the secured through a city has a huge and manifold city center located in the Nesenbach Stuttgart-Berg/Cannstatt and Stuttgart. valley plain. The Stuttgart port opened in impact on that city, usually a beneficial valley (an affluent of the Neckar), and Coping with this wilderness has a long 1958, the Plochingen port ten years later, one. Over the centuries, the inhabitants Bad Cannstatt; eventually the Neckar tradition. People canalized particularly both on the right Neckar bank, and they are of those cities worked with and on their only touches the north-eastern fringes dangerous river segments, and built still playing an important commercial and river often turning it and its banks into a of Stuttgart´s urban fabric in the valley. embankments, bridges and weirs. The industrial role. But the landscape design of vital urban arteria. Amsterdam, Cologne, Second, the Neckar in the Stuttgart latter were often accompanied by various the banks from the 1950s to the 1980s is, if London, Paris or Porto are but a few well- region grew into an industrial river since mills – Stuttgart-Berg, for instance, you can call it like that at all, austere and known examples. Such cities had been the late 19th century. The Neckar, its had nine mills in 1753. The industrial and appalling. It matches the large and busy founded on a river because of strategic port along with all the energy and traffic infrastructural use of the Neckar included motorways B10 and B14 which push hard commercial, geographical and political infrastructure, logistics and factories, rafting and the so-called Treidel shipping, on the left Neckar bank. This are but two of reasons. Their rivers grew into a normal large and small, famous and less known, with ships being pulled by men or horses the legacies from the 1950s-1980s period part of the historic urban fabric, like a are vital factors of prosperity. That´s why along the banks. With the railway system, which are being challenged since the early huge linear park. This is also due to the the Stuttgart “cheeks” of the Neckar are the technical progress first challenged the 1990s. Gestalt, the shape and design of the river hardly accessible and attractive for urban relevance of the Neckar as a traffic route in banks: the urban fabric often comes close leisure and cultural activities. the 19th century, but due to motor shipping Since then, river awareness is constantly to the river, sometimes it waves back, and the political changes after World War I rising among the Stuttgart society. There thus creating urban spaces. Such parks, the Neckar was turned into a federal is still much to be done, but the prospect promenades, squares make the river Initially, the Neckar was marked by typical waterway up to Plochingen just south-east of turning the Neckar into an urban river is accessible for the public. river bank vegetation and fauna in the of Stuttgart. The Neckar got canalized and promising indeed, with the City of Stuttgart water and on the banks. Its very name, tamed by 27 locks, most of them built in the working hard on its complex Neckar What about Stuttgart? It´s not a river city of Celtic origin, signifies “wild water”. 1920s and 1930s to sensible designs of Paul Masterplan. yet, albeit its river, the Neckar. The reason This showed in heavy floods (e.g. in 1524, Bonatz (who also designed the Stuttgart for this is twofold. First, the Neckar flows 1734, 1817, 1824) which also changed the main railway station). This allowed for right between the main historic urban river course, especially in the wide valley energy and traffic infrastructure, industry
Confluence of Neckar (left) and Rhine at Mannheim. STUTTGART AM NECKAR PAGE 4 STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017
VOICES FROM THE NECKAR
STUTTGART AM NECKAR STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 PAGE 5
WHAT PEOPLE SAY?
STUTTGART AM NECKAR PAGE 6 STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 BEHIND EVERY GREAT IDEA...
Stuttgart am Neckar started earlier this year as a student project, carried out by the international Master program IUSD - Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design from the University of Stuttgart, its main driver was the revitalization of the Neckar river. The project, managed by 22 students, was strongly supported by the university and often invited representatives of established organizations and institutes, creating partnerships and opening dialogues with different actors of the region.
A common session was arranged with teaching program, the IUSD international ics and Efficiency (IER) and the Center an irreplaceable resource, contact and some of the ones who boosted and ac- Master program is one of a kind in Ger- for Interdisciplinary Risk and Innovation valuable critics during the semester.”, companied this project throughout the many. “The IUSD is unique with bringing to- Research (ZIRIUS). This BMBF financed Lenka explains. “Since the research proj- realization of it. Dr. Prof. Astrid Ley, gether different disciplinary backgrounds interdisciplinary research project looks, ect was still at its infancy stage, we hoped head of the department of International and the extend of its focus on community among others, into the upcoming energy that the IRD could bring about greater Urbanism of the University of Stuttgart, engagement” as Prof. Astrid Ley explains. transformation, a realistic estimation of insights, brainstorm innovative ideas and Mr. Johannes Rentsch, representative It is mainly composed of international the energy potentials at the Neckar river create first links to stakeholders.” Prof of Stuttgart’s department of City Plan- students with different professional back- and scenarios for the potential urban and Ley adds. ning and Urban Renewal, and Dipl.-Ing. grounds, “this year for example, we have landscape development along the river”, MSc. Lenka Vojtová, lecturer of the professionals from the fields of architec- as Lenka Vojtová explains. One might think that depositing such a Integrated Research & Design studio ture, engineering, urban planning and even responsibility to a group of students is a (IRD) of the IUSD master program, ac- communications & media, all coming from This sounds like big business, doesn’t it? mistake. However, Mr. Rentsch uses his cepted our invitation and were happy to more than 15 countries” Prof. Ley adds. Then, what is the role of the students in academic and professional background to answer all our questions and to share all of this? refute this paradigm. “From my time as their knowledge and experience with This was the group of young researchers an Urban Design student in Berlin, I know us. selected to join WECHSEL, “a collaborative “Well, the IRD Studio with the topic ‘In- the creative potential of working groups research project released in 2017 between tegrated Urbanism_ Neckar Re…loaded!’ formed by young people from different Born in the University of Stuttgart six the City of Stuttgart, the Stadtwerke Stutt- used the obvious synergies – the analyti- disciplines. In long, busy nights, with a years ago by the efforts of Prof. Antje gart and the University of Stuttgart rep- cal and strategical students` work could lot of fun, playfully different perspectives Stokman and Prof. Philip Misselwitz to cre- resented by the Urban Planning Institute enrich the starting phase of the research on the topics of city and landscape were ate an interdisciplinary and reality-based (SI), the Institute for Energy Econom- project, and the project partners would be thrown, discussed and planning concepts
STUTTGART AM NECKAR STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 PAGE 7 developed. Just as in the Stuttgart am Awareness, Connectivity, Hidden Waters tent. They still actively (and successfully) canoe club and share food and ideas at the Neckar initiative, the results were usually and Life around the River. Those were looked for partners and sponsors as well same time. The kids had great fun and we unconventional approaches to how the city the four main topics selected as the most as recyclable materials from the streets, were amazed how much collaboration be- can be rethought and further developed. relevant and which defined the outcome of but what you start with, definitely makes a came visible and the degree of profession- As an administration of a large city, we what it is today Stuttgart am Neckar. difference.” Lenka explains. ality to present ideas (see page n.30 for are often confronted with regulations such further details). However, all other events as laws, finances, property relations, etc. Starting with the design of an overall During a time-frame of three months, the also were characterized by a great degree Under those conditions, it is not always strategy (which in all cases had to be rede- four groups had more than 20 main ac- of creativity and enthusiasm.” easy to keep the great vision of urban signed with the more input the teams were tivities, reaching from urban experiments development and landscape development gaining throughout the process and the (which was the focus), interim presenta- Using Mr. Johannes words, the students in the focus. As an addition to this official more interaction with stakeholders found tions to meetings with relevant stakehold- approached the project with an incredible level, it is valuable and important that the on the way), each team defined the path ers. Some more risky than others, some amount of passion and that passion is also IUSD students worked in a more open form for the following months. Just one thing more serious than others, some based on visible in the results, which the reader will with the Neckar and the surrounding urban was clear from the beginning, the “battle” observation, some others on interaction; find in this publication. “I was fascinated space.”, he states. was not inside the classroom, it was in the all of them equally relevant and creative. by how the concepts were presented in a streets, with the citizens, with the ones complex and profes- Over the past century, the Neckar river in in favour and against, with the actors in- But, what was the sional way. It is also Stuttgart has been mainly surrounded by volved in the complex dynamics the Neckar outcome of those “When we look at interesting to note, all kind of businesses river involves. But due activities? Were the Berlin, Paris, Prague, that despite the same and industries which to the time and man- results successful? task, the groups have in fact, are the engine “For the first time, power limitation and What was the high- the citizens feeling come to completely of the economic pros- the scale of the project, light of the whole different approaches perity of the region. It it is possible to this battle could not be process? To those a certain kind of to the question how has been also declared fought separate. This questions, Lenka felt belonging won`t let the Neckar in Stutt- a National Waterway to really think about was the real reason for the necessity to clar- gart could be acti- facilitate freight trans- a process of the group to join efforts ify that “in general, the river be taken vated for urban life. port and channelled for and make the project experiments in public In the end the range flooding control. Then, transforming the look like just one. The space should not be away from them. In covered ecological, why just now? Why the decision? Stuttgart am rated as successful Stuttgart, this seems economic, social as idea of “reviving” an Neckar valley” Neckar as a collective or unsuccessful. An well as spatial ap- industrial river? title, easy to remember experiment is a tool to be different” proaches”. and attractive for pub- for understanding Taking the floor, Mr Johannes Rentsch ex- licity, under which they all could act and and testing certain situation and if proper- What all participants agree in, is that the plains that “the idea of giving the Neckar appear as one initiative. ly evaluated, it allows for further adapta- group of researchers realized a project in Stuttgart a new appearance, has been tion of strategies or the choice of a differ- beyond expectations. “It is just not com- pursued for a long time at the City Plan- For covering a wide range of topics in an ent approach”. Mr. Johannes agrees and parable with an usual studio situation as ning Department. Already in the 1980s also wide scale, not just the man-power complements the idea saying that equally you can feel the degree of ownership and and beginning 90s, initial concepts were and the goodwill of students and lectur- or even more important than the results responsibility that goes along with it” as developed and smaller ecological projects ers, but the economic support must be of the experiments, was “the strategic ap- Prof. Ley express. That is the level of en- implemented. But true momentum has gagement and ownership that our three come into the subject in the last couple of Lower Your Fences! participants encourage all the citizens to Connectivity Sarcastic Signs years. Meanwhile the desire of the people VVS Map have with their city, with their river, “it be- in Stuttgart to experience the river for Neckar ist Nebenan longs to them!”, Mr. Johannes exclaims. As leisure and recreation purposes is so Lenka concludes, “When we look at Berlin, strong, that politics has also recognized Paris, Prague, the citizens feeling a cer- Do you “river” in Stuttgart? think! Awareness the importance of the topic. For the first Movie night tain kind of belonging won`t let the river time, it is possible to really think about a be taken away from them. In Stuttgart, process of transforming the Neckar valley this seems to be different and so must be from an almost pure area for industry and the approach of reviving the riversides. infrastructure, into a multi-coded urban Any new design planned and implemented Life around Selfie am Neckar landscape and even to realize it.” Frame the Neckar along the river is likely to fail without the the river NeckarLab acceptance of the current dynamics, with- So, how the group of researchers ad- out the activization of citizens and awak- dressed this challenging task of reviv- ening their interest in discovering the hid- ing one of the most industrialized rivers Drink Local Hidden Waters den places, what the river has to offer. The Hidden Water. Clean Water. in Germany? Until this point, we knew Information Points riverside needs people first.” Stuttgart`s eigenes Grün- that Stuttgart am Neckar works as one bächle initiative created by the IUSD students. This was the reason why the decision of However, this name was not even in the making this publication was a necessity to panorama at the beginning. “Topics were critical for the materialization of what proach that was chosen as a principle for keep spreading the word and keep pushing predefined only for the very first analyti- was embodied in the strategies. The group the concepts. It was consistently tried to for a better Neckar in Stuttgart. What the cal phase to get a broad view and well- however was lucky to get this, at least identify actors and existing networks re- reader will find in this publication, is the grounded knowledge of the overall themes partial, support. “Straight at the begin- garding the Neckar, and to integrate them work developed by this group of students and the site. All other decisions were taken ning of the semester, we applied for co- into the planning process. In this way, a during the summer semester of 2017 all by a group consent. After an evaluation of funding through Stuttgarter Change Labs, form of urban planning can succeed, that along with their strategies, urban experi- the analysis in a common workshop, the even though it was not yet clear, where thinks and links new and existing struc- ments and some extra material. students identified the highest potentials the journey would take us. We were very tures together”. Being an active partici- and important challenges to be tackled and lucky to become one of the ten supported pant during many of the activities held by Are you ready? decided for four topics determining the initiatives. This already secured backbone the group, Prof. Astrid felt confident to be remaining semester activities, each team of financial support released the students more specific and say that for her and her working on one of these topics.”, as Lenka from a lot of frustration and stress and family “the nicest event was to discover explains the approach of the seminar. allowed them to concentrate on the con- with the initiative the Neckar river at the STUTTGART AM NECKAR PAGE 8 STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017
STUTTGART 2017 AM NECKAR
Initiation of the project S 11 04 INITIAL PHASE
Bicycle trip around the river. A - G M -E -S
First symposium 20 04 24 04 Analysis Phase 02 05 Presentation
STRATEGIC PHASE
Connectivity S 12
P 30 05 Life around Awareness the river S 1 S 1 Media & Hidden Waters Communication S 1 06 06 Coordination
Inception of Stuttgart am Neckar Public Relations and Logo and Image design 10 06
EXPERIMENTAL PHASE
S N S N 2017 EXPERIMENTAL PHASE
STUTTGART AM NECKAR STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 PAGE 9
Critical Mass Event
Symposium
Life around the river
Connectivity
Hidden Waters
Awareness
EXPERIMENTAL PHASE
Symposium at Mercedesstrasse Critical mass Lower Your Fences 2 .0 Stairs “Neckar ist Nebenan” Posters M N A - Experiment and Sarcastic Signs in U-Bahn Stations S 2 S A S 2 S 22-2 28 06 08 07 15 07 17 07 14 07 16 07 Stuttgart`s eigenes NeckarLab Grünbächle S B C N S S 0 25 06 Lower Your Fences 1.0 “Offne Mich!” and Sarcastic Signs M S 22 24 06 Frame the Neckar 2.0 S Drink Local 2.0 S Dragon cup (Boat race at river Neckar) 19 06 R S N Do you “river” in Stuttgart? think! S S B 22 07 C S 2 18 07 18 06 Final Symposium at Kulturinsel Frame the Neckar 1.0 S 1 17 06 Drink Local 1.0 S 15 06 VVS Map with the Neckar S 2
STUTTGART AM NECKAR PAGE 10 STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 WATER & THE CITY is the energy spent during the cleaning Water Sources in process, inferring that the bigger the amount of Stuttgart water to clean, the bigger the amount of energy spent in such process. It is necessary to create new water cycles within the city. It is about integrating this resource in the urban landscape and in the everyday life of the citizens.
There are more than 250 wells located in the urban area of Stuttgart and 19 public mineral water fountains located either in the old city of Bad Cannstatt or in Stu- ttgart near by the Neckar River. Namely, these are Source: Hidden Waters team Mühlenbrunnen, Leuze- Centuries ago, Stuttgart settled at the being provided from the regional sources brunnen, Veielbrunnen, Map of Public Mineral Nesenbach stream, which since decades such as spring water, groundwater and Schiffmannbrunnen, is running underground due to the heavy river water. Along with that, the other half Strohmbrunnen, Erbsen- Fountains in Stuttgart infrastructure of the city centre laying on is being provided from Bodensee which brunnen, Jakobsbrunnen, top of it. Nowadays, Stuttgart also lies at requires great amount of energy to reach Polizeibrunnen, Klösterle- the Neckar river, which is flowing freely Stuttgart. Besides, 30 percent of the water brunnen, Kellerbrünnele, without being captured under the tunnels, that goes to sewage system is clean rain Schreinereibrunnen, Lautenschlägerbrun- this resource not being promoted if the hidden in the identity of the city and the and mineral water which then mix with gray nen and Auquellbrunnen. The taste differs information is already available? The city perception of people. This is influenced water to be cleaned again in the treatment in every fountain depending on the relative might be spending money, time and energy by the lack of interaction opportunities plant without being used for irrigation, amount of minerals in the maintenance of with the river water and the industries drinking or any other purpose. they contain. The mi- More than 250 wells and 19 the fountains, but what located at the riverbanks. Also, the local neral water mainly public mineral water fountains is the purpose if the mineral water springs that form the second As if it was an iceberg, the situation of the consist of Magnesium, are located in Stuttgart! main information is not largest source in Europe after the city of water cycle in Stuttgart is barely visible on Calcium, Potassium, being spread? As it can Budapest, are barely known to the majority the surface (see image below), therefore it Chlorine, Iron and Sodium which help cells be seen in the graphic below, this resource of Stuttgart’s citizens, let alone valued as can be said it is a hidden process. The issue to regenerate, boost bones and muscles, offers to the inhabitants several benefits part of its identity in the larger context of starts with the rain water and the mineral prevent dehydration, protect heart and for their health. Unfortunately, the source the region of Stuttgart. water from fountains which are having the nervous system, as well as to fasten the of this water is far from the city center of same cleaning process without needing it. production of red blood cells. Stuttgart, which is one of the most crowded Stuttgart is the 2nd largest One consequence of this is the overload places of the city and therefore a proper mineral water source of the city’s pipe system as it is receiving The nutritional information of the mineral place for promoting it. We see the mineral in Europe water from many sources at the same time. water of Stuttgart was found at the City water as a mean to take people back to the This can lead to saturation or flooding due to Hall website, which raise a question about river, as it is surrounded by most of the Half of the daily needs of drinking water is the limited capacity. Another consequence the promotion of such information. Why is fountains. HIDDEN WATER CLEAN WATER A B MINE R F L USS AL W
ER
A SS ER A SS S W A ER AB SS ER AUW A GR REGENW
KL ÄR ANL AGE Water Cycle in Mineral Water
NECK AR Stuttgart Benefits
STUTTGART AM NECKAR STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 PAGE 11 WATER & THE CITY
BORDERS
The limits highlighted in pink show a contrast in the urban fabric of the area. Outside the limits, there are known districts of Stuttgart, with higher density and smaller lots than the area found inside the limits. The proximities of the river are mainly of industrial and logistic activities and are comprised in larger patches of land and their limits are marked by highways, fences and railways.
PERCEPTION
The limits showed above not only segregate the river physically, but also on the overall image of the city. The perception of the common citizen is affected, turning the area into a blank space in the image of the city.
PRIMARY FINDINGS
After a first investigation of the site, the initial findings set the path for the research and intervention approach. Those were mainly about the fragmentation of the area and the isolation of the activities, but also the use of open spaces for sporadic events, with constant low public life. Another fact worth mention is the use of the river mainly as a waterway, preventing the public access to the water.
LIFE AROUND THE NECKAR
Life is restricted: The monofunctional sites and the lack of integration among the neighbors, restricts the area to have specific activities during specific time frames. The fragmentation of the space is mirrored on the time efficiency of the area. Many activities only function during specific time frames, leaving the spaces inactive on the remaining time.
STUTTGART AM NECKAR PAGE 12 STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 STRATEGIC CITY IS THERE A RIVER IN HIDDEN WATERS IN HOW TO BRING LIFE CITY-RIVER LINKAGES STUTTGART? STUTTGART TO THE NECKAR ? Students evaluated Stuttgart city’s The first step to tackle an issue is to admit Stuttgart, a city that turns its back to its The Story behind the NeckarLab connectivity to the Neckar River. that there is a problem. What hinders the water sources; the Neckar, the stream Neckar from crossing into people‘s daily of the Nesenbach and the mineral water lifes? springs. Continue reading below Continue reading on page 14 Continue reading on page 16 Continue reading on page 18 CITY-RIVER LINKAGES: A WHOLE SYSTEM OF DISCONNECTIONS
Parking with a View! Parking space with river vistas owned by Mercedes Benz. Indeed, the best views of our Neckar are reserved for parked cars and speeding bicycles on a 1-meter-wide bicycle lane. What can Mercedes Benz offer to give Stuttgarters back their right to the river?
Students from the Städtebau-Institut (SI) at the University of Stuttgart evaluate Stuttgart city’s connectivity to the Neckar River. Where is the disconnection? - Everywhere! Stuttgart city takes pride in the slogan Lack of concrete planning related to Stuttgart took up the duty of conducting presence of a river in Stuttgart. Me, for “City between forests and vineyards”. conserving and rehabilitating Stuttgart’s an intensive theoretical and field research, example, I only realized Stuttgart’s river The planning approach of the city values River and its riverbanks, almost fully complimented with observations, surveys, after 5 months of living here!”, Thomas J. nature highly; 7 nature conservation surrounded by big industries like EnBW and and interviews around the Neckar Knapik states. areas (6.6% of the total city area) Daimler, leaves the Neckar marginalized and riverbanks and in different parts of the city, and 27 landscape conservation areas absent from the minds of average Stuttgart to define the main reasons behind River- After defining the main reasons for River- (32.4%) have been defined since the residents and visitors. Rather than spending City disconnections, both in the perspective City disconnections, the group used their 2007 masterplan. their leisure time on the banks of the river, of city planners and the public. findings to come up with a strategy that Stuttgarters lay on grass lawns in the aims at solving the connectivity issue at Yet, despite the slogans and the regulations, urban city center, contemplating the view “When we talk about connectivity, we multiple scales (overview on the next page). a major gap appears: between the forests of shoppers and tourists roaming restlessly don’t only mean it in terms of physical and Each step is accompanied with on-site and the vineyards lies a river, the most of in fully-paved Königstraße, with a sound of infrastructural networks that lead people experiments, which are then presented and all natural element. What does Stuttgart a fake water feature in the background to from the city to the river. Of course these negotiated with interested stakeholders have planned to conserve that? A few give some feelings of nature and well-being. are quite important, but we also want to from public institutes and civic society conceptual projects. What do Stuttgarters Students from the Institute of Architecture shed light on cognitive connectivity. Too organizations. know of that? Not much! and Urban Design at the University of many people don’t even recognize the STUTTGART AM NECKAR STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 PAGE 13 STRATEGIC CITY STRATEGY TIMELINE AND OVERVIEW The diagram below illustrates the strategy developed by students from the Connectivity group, with practical experiments to tackle the issues of disconnection on 3 scales: Large, between the river and Stuttgart city as a whole, medium, between the river and the surrounding context, and small, between the river and the immediate riverbank.
STUTTGART AM NECKAR PAGE 14 STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 STRATEGIC CITY IS THERE A RIVER IN STUTTGART?
What can you do there?
How can I get Is there there? a river in Stuttgart?
The first step to tackle an issue is to admit that there is a problem. The Awareness group’s strategy was to acknowledge the issues, analyze the causes, identify the major problems and develop long and short term goals to bring the problems one step closer to an improvement.
With visual tools like postcards, interactive brochures and an awareness movie, various hidden locations were brought close to the people to give them a glimpse of various potential activities that could take place along the banks of the river Neckar.
of the Neckar, general lack of accessibility short term goals.”, Nojoud Ashour Only these spaces at the riv- and visual aids to reach the river from the explains. by changing er, they potentially Starting with basic questions like: city center, undefined and neglected spaces “In the initial process we de- would demand for “Is there a river in Stuttgart? How is along the river. veloped a sequence of thought. the perception of the more, ultimately it called? Where is the river? How do We understood that only by people towards the river, leading to the you get there?”, to analyze deeper ones With this initial input the awareness changing the perception of the we could succeed in requirement of like: “What hinders the Neckar from group dived into further analysis using people towards the river we some of the larg- crossing into people‘s daily lifes? Is various methods and tools such as the could succeed in bringing people bringing people to the est fenced off ar- there a need to improve physical con- sensorial and mental mapping. to the river, which gradually would river again eas to open their nection of the river to the city?”, the increase the demands of urban de- doors for daily awareness group took the initiative to “Classifying and sketching our findings with sign elements on the river banks. Thus life activities of the analyze the issue from the roots. the method of problem tree, we identified leading to an urge of having improved ur- public. “We began the project by understanding three core issues that needed to be tackled, ban design along the river.” Ashour added. broader topics such as barriers, borders, then we moved on to setting our long and Furthermore, when people start to claim interlinkages and visibility, nature, culture, land use, accessibility, climate change, industrial heritage identity and temporary CORE ISSUES SHORT TERM GOALS LONG TERM GOALS uses”, Maria Encalada introduces. Various smaller groups in the studio looked at these 01 Negative perception towards Positive perception Adequate urban design topics separately and identified issues the Neckar 01towards the Neckar 01 such as the private industrial areas along Open up closed private the river, big highways acting as a physical 02 Inadequate urban design 02 barrier preventing access to and visibility spaces 03 Closed private spaces STUTTGART AM NECKAR STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 PAGE 15 STRATEGIC CITY THE NECKAR UNVEILED... “Under Awareness, our first step was to city officials is expected. Our next step inform people about the existence of a riv- would be to have another experiment, re- er amidst them. In addition, we collected enacting the demands of people about the data to understand the diverse needs of riverbanks aiming to test its feasibility”, people regarding activities they wanted Shaharin Annisa adds. to do on the river banks”, Viviann Remmel explains. This was accomplished through “Over a long-term period, once the hidden interviews carried out on three different locations along the Neckar become active, locations across the city. we envision a demand of an increased number of such spaces from the resi- Aiming to receive a larger proportion dents. Once this point is reached, private of not only residents but also visitors of institutions owning land right on the river Stuttgart, a location at Schlossplatz, König- banks could be approached to open their strasse was the first choice. The physical boundaries to the public. Experiments distance and detachment of the users to could be designed to analyse the feasibility the Neckar were evident in these inter- of the strategies before moving on to mak- views. The second location was Schloss- ing them permanent. The “how?” remains garten, which the users mainly visit either unclear, the exact steps are yet to be de- to relax or to do sports, activities that fined. It is a matter of trial and error and could potentially be done along the Neckar it depends on the outcome of every step” as well. “In this case, our interviewees Shaharin concludes. were more motivated in their inputs pro- viding us with a larger list of anticipated activities on the Neckar”, Viviann clarifies. The final location, Wilhelmsplatz in Bad TOOLS Cannstatt was chosen due to its proximity to the Neckar. The interviewees here were Questionnaires & interviews (P. 32) directly connected to the Neckar, majority Collecting opinions and understand ing of them often visiting it daily. the perception of participants towards the Neckar. As part of their Awareness and Activation strategy, the group further discovered nu- merous hidden locations along the Neckar. Postcards (P. 32) How to tell people about them? “If the Used as a visual tool to create mountain won’t come to Muhammad, then awareness about the beautiful hidden Muhammad must go to the mountain.” The locations discovered by the awareness next step? To bring those spots closer to group. QR codes enabled residents to the people. simply scan and reach these locations and maps pointing out the closest U “Once we discovered beautiful hidden lo- bahn stops, including tips and tricks to cations along the Neckar, we decided to enjoy the place. present them to the residents and visitors of Stuttgart using visual methods”, Saumil Interactive collages (P. 35) Patel explains. A movie was developed to Based on the lines of the “planning catch the attention of people (see page 35 for real” method, an image of hidden for further details). Visual methods such locations at the river was presented as intriguing postcards or an interactive with cutouts of various potential brochure were used to create awareness activities. about the discovered hidden locations. Interactive Brochures (P. 35) “The interactive brochure displayed eight Eight different locations were showed different locations. The participants were with the aim of discovering what enhanced to fill it in, voice their opinions participants wanted to have in these and claims and send it to the displayed locations. contacts of representatives of the office of City Planning and Urban Renewal of Stutt- MOVIE (P. 34 and 35) gart. These brochures were not only a tool A movie with an intriguing storyline was for increasing the awareness but also an shot displaying various hidden locations activation step of the strategy. Our inter- along the Neckar and screened at active brochures would be the first indica- different locations aiming to bring tor of people’s demands for improvement those locations close to the people of of the urban design along the Neckar. After Stuttgart. their return to the office with participants’ feedback, a stronger connection to the STUTTGART AM NECKAR PAGE 16 STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 STRATEGIC CITY HIDDEN WATERS IN STUTTGART Stuttgart, a city that turns its back to its water sources: the river Neckar, the stream of the Nesenbach and the mineral water springs.
Visualization of the Neckar in the future Photo Courtesy: Hidden Waters team IUSD VI intake
of hidden waters still to be explored! It is levance to the challenge of converting Stutt- Hidden waters, why are you important to understand these processes in gart into a more sustainable city celebrating order to find solutions of how to make wa- its local water resources. Let’s discover the ter visible and to create a more sustainable waters of Stuttgart and uncover its hidden hiding? water cycle. potentials! But what transformations are needed to make these waters become ico- The water has allways played an important for its rivers, by opening up the riverbanks First of all, there is a need to create aware- nic? role in the design of many cities all over the to the people and allowing the water to be ness about the hidden water in order to turn world. Not only the historical settlements part of the city. Budapest is another city it into iconic water. Awareness can bring The following page will introduce the stra- were very dependent on the rivers, but also which has developed its identity around the the river, the rainwater or any other water tegy of the ‘Hidden water. Iconic waters.’ nowadays, water is often part of the urban largest mineral water source in Europe. source back into the minds of people and ul- project analyzing Stuttgart’s water cycle, identity and contributes greatly to the quali- timately back into our cities. Consequently, proposing a strategy supported by real life ty of life of citizens. ‘Water’ in this case is not Even though certain water resources are the concept of hidden waters refers not only experiments towards a potential solution. only referring to rivers, but also to seasi- not at all hidden but rather iconic, often to the physical (in)visibility but it also entails des, lakes, mineral water sources, drinking, we forget about the water cycle in general. the fact that it does not exist in the percep- sewage and rainwater. However, the degree What is happening with the clean rainwater tion of the general public. to which these resources are visible varies in the city? Where does the tap water come in each city. London, Paris, Frankfurt - these from? What kind of waters mix in the sewage One of the cities doing a good job at hiding its are examples of cities which are recognized system underneath the city? There is a lot water resources in Stuttgart. This gives re- STUTTGART AM NECKAR STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 PAGE 17 STRATEGIC CITY FROM HIDDEN WATERS TO ICONIC WATERS. HOW? The current situation lead to categorize projects will not stop with the end of a phase the challenges around the water cycle but rather are to be continued on a higher and water resources into three topics: level. Challenges concerning the ecosystem, Strategy Development challenges concerning the infrastructure and socio-cultural challenges. To develop The relationship between the three strategic a strategy initiating a positive change first, projects is reflected in the diagram showed a clear vision statement should create the on the left, a fractal which is evolving and guideline for the project. The envisioned increasing in scale, as the impact of the long-term perspective was to work towards project grows and time goes on. Each Stuttgart’s integrated water resources phase has a clear aim, which at the same creating a network of Ecosystem and Urban time serves as a mean to measure the Life. Then, how could this be achieved? success. Depending on these milestones, the strategy has to be adapted or refined and the decision whether to move on or not In the next step, by scaling down the vision can be taken. For each phase, this is always into more specific goals, the challenges also based on the feedback and ideas were provided with ways on how to tackle collected from the citizens. The aim of the them. In essence, the group formulated the first phase is to measure the awareness, following goals: local water resource should the third part of the strategy meaning to start a dialogue with the be increased and the water does not only continue to citizens about the topic of the local water commodity chain shortened. improve the accessibility of the resources and the water commodity chain. On the following level, enhancing visibility Specifically, the focus is on river water, but also it begins GOALS of and accessibility to the water through inviting the citizens to try and with enhancing the water Raising awareness quality of the Neckar. This idea symbolically implementing a Grünbächle, explore the taste of the mineral 01 includes the creation of an recovering public space around the water water. This is promoted by ecosystem in which people as and promoting bottles for mineral water is Increasing the usage of handing out empty bottles, well as nature can claim their the focus. Here, the group means to engage Stuttgart’s mineral water especially designed for the space at the river and interact the citizens more with the water cycle in 02 Brünnele Wasser, Stuttgart’s with each other. Stuttgart and to show them different ways local mineral water. Next, the on how to improve it. The intention of the group is suggesting a network With the help of all three next phase is to naturalize the riverbanks Shortening the water of water-filled chanels on the projects awareness is raised and revitalize the public space around it. The long term perspective includes the commodity chain streets and walkways which on the topic of local water 03 growth of the Grünbächle network leading is connecting the mineral resources, the current water cycle and how to make it more towards riverbanks with an enhanced water fountains and the river sustainable and inclusive ecosystem and finally, the expansion of the Improving accessibility of Neckar, named Grünbächle. As for citizens. The projects Brünnele Wasser bottle promoted by the 04 the river water a side-effect, the Grünbächle represent different scales City of Stuttgart and local organizations. can contribute to recovering and refer to different phases and activating the public space of the strategy. In all phases, Improving the quality of around water in Stuttgart. The the projects are integrated 05 the river water project also addresses the in terms of building on the usage of mineral water and the effects of the prior phase and PROJECTS FOR accessibility to the river water. preparing the ground for the However, it became clear that the challenges By revitalizing the riverbanks, next phase. Nevertheless, the and thus also the goals cannot be regarded STUTTGART separately. Instead, all of the topics are BOTTLING MINERAL WATER interlinked and affect each other. The goals then were translated into explicit projects 01 which would together make it possible to reach the vision. GRÜNBACHLE 02 Integrated Design Proposal
The proposal of the integrated design REVITALIZING RIVERBANKS contains the implementation of three 03 project strategies. In essence, by bottling Stuttgart’s mineral water, the usage of the STUTTGART AM NECKAR PAGE 18 STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 STRATEGIC CITY HOW TO BRING LIFE TO THE NECKAR?
The story behind the Neckarlab
Photo Courtesy: Juan Sebastián Benitez The urban researchers behind the so- Despite the great relevance of those locations, the König-Karls-Brücke called Neckar Lab were entrusted by the industries for the economy of the entire connecting the city center with What the citizens want... University of Stuttgart with the challenging Stuttgart region, this spatial segregation Bad-Canstatt and the Inselstrasse task to develope a strategy that, being translates into a negative perception of brigde that connects Wangen with Beach and Swimming facilities applied to the surroundings of the Neckar the area by the common citizen, who sees Untertürkheim. The message was river in the Stuttgart area, could bring this zone as a blank space in the image of simple, “Take a selfie with the Gastronomy back the life and revitalize this beautiful but the city. Then, how to bring constant and Neckar” and “What would you like hidden and elusive gem in a sustainable and permanent life around the river Neckar? to do at the Neckar?” The results Sport Facilities inclusive way. called the attention of the research- Well, many other questions arose on the ers because the people had a lot to Green spaces along the River The idea of the Neckar Lab way; Why the people do not use their river? say and to express. The citizens want was born after months The few ones who use it, do they enjoy it? to go to their river! The people want Improve Infrastructure of analyzing the What do the people think is missing? Do they to use their river! But they do not feel surroundings of the attracted due to the lack of infrastruc- really want to go to the river? All those Improve visibility of river banks Neckar river in the questions needed to be answered ture, experiences, activities or furniture Gaisburg area and if a realistic strategy was to be in there. Accomodation near the Neckar combining urban developed. ? experiments with Events near the river creativity in order To do so, the researchers to understand the designed two urban ex- Experience the industrial heritage area and the context. ? periments to interact First, the researchers with the citizens and Playgrounds for Children understood that it was not to understand their possible to apply the same feelings, claims, recipe as in other “river cities”, ? hates and loves Locations of the experiment simply because in Stuttgart towards the Neck- “Selfie am Neckar” the river is mainly surrounded ar river and its by big industries, logistic centers surroundings. and low dense residential areas. Those “We wanted to start a conversation with the citizens about the things industries are isolated and function as that for them, were necessary to revitalize the river, but also to ThePerception first experiment called “Selfie am ActiveNeck- Nodes “islands”, having their own dynamics but Fragments Potentials Perception Active Nodes ar” (see image on top) consisted of a set show to the public that the river itself has a hidden beauty waiting for no communication with theirFragments neighbors. Potentials of playful frames that were hanged in two somebody to uncover it.” Life Around the River group. STUTTGART AM NECKAR
Perception Active Nodes Fragments Potentials STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 PAGE 19 STRATEGIC CITY HOW IS THE LIFE AROUND THE NECKAR TODAY? The proximities of the river are mainly of of the site, based on the researchers’ events, with constant low public life. integration among the neighbors restricts industrial and logistic activities and are perception and field study, the initial Another fact worth mentioning is the use of the area to have specific activities during comprised in larger patches of land and findings showed mainly fragmentation of the river mainly as a waterway, preventing specific time frames. Many activities only their limits are marked by highways, fences the area and isolation of the activities, but the public access to the water. function during specific time frames, leaving and railways. After a first investigation also the use of open spaces for sporadic The monofunctional sites and the lack of the spaces inactive on the remaining time.
The second experiment called “Frame the that was the idea that changed the overall Neckar” was even more interesting due view and finally defined the outcome of what to the romantic and artistic component was going to be the NeckarLab. attached to it but also because it raised real awareness of the hidden beauty of “A lucky occasion opened us a door in the the Neckar river. The experiment created end. The parents of a friend own a restaurant a momentum and a platform to reflect and they buy at the Grossmarkt regularly. on what we are missing by the routine. We got the possibility to accompany them Beside the However, a special article was saved for and enter the Grossmarkt undercover at farmers’ hall, this intervention on the page n. 43. 5 a.m., that was already towards the end the Grossmarkt of the busy time. While the whole city is combines 200 inter- By that point, the researchers knew or still sleeping, farmers from the region sell national trade companies. at least got a hint on what the path could their fresh products to private clients. The The logistical effort is enormous, be from the citizens’ perspective. But atmosphere is friendly, most people know because there are only 24 h between what about those “islands” mentioned each other and with a fresh coffee, you can loading the freshly cropped products on before? How could you bring life to a place have relaxed talks. Besides, the farmers’ a truck and selling them to the final client. surrounded by industries, companies, hall is filled with smells of fresh products businesses, logistic centers, trucks, big and bustling activity. An experience for all No matter the kind of customers; ships? This picture does not seem or sound senses!” Alexandre Ulrich stated. supermarkets, restaurants, hotels, schools, to be attractive for people at all. canteens, small and big businesses, you and But what sounds like an adventure for urban me, we all rely on the Grossmarkt Stuttgart! Well, the first step to deal with it, is not researchers is tough business for others. From now on, the researchers knew what to to neglect it but instead, to go inside and The Grossmarkt is an company of big pro- The answer was clear at that point. Life do. “We must transport and expand the see the real panorama so you could work portions with a yearly business volume of should not be brought; the life is here activity of those islands into the public something out of it…or not. “Somehow, we 630 Mio. Euro. They are responsible for the already! ground and make it part of the city, let’s must go inside one of those islands!”, daily supply of 12 Mio. people within 300 km. start with the Grossmarkt” they said. THE FINAL RACE TO THE RELEASE OF THE NECKAR LAB After many attempts of getting in contact area regarding the infrastructure and everyone could benefit from it. It could take getting on board and hopefully more and with some of the companies inside the logistic problems they face every day and place anywhere but with just one condition, bigger Neckar Labs are coming around Grossmarkt, finally the researchers have not been attended by the city. There the location must be in a public space in the river with maybe more creative urban succeded. was a lot to work with, more than we were need of being activated and revitalized. The experiments. The locations? Nobody expecting. We identified a potential and we platform had to be designed to provide the knows, go to the river and enjoy its beauty, “At the beginning, it was hard to get their worked with it”, the researchers stated. users with a attractive environment and a maybe you will find it on the way… attention and transmit our message, topic of interest, so they feel comfortable especially because we did not find many “Even though the pilot project was intended to share their desires, experiences, things to offer, it felt more like they were to be based on the needs of the Grossmarkt, feelings and suggestions. doing us a favor. However, after some we did not want our solution just to be meetings, we discover a gap that we specifically designed for it. We knew that This is how one of the most promising could fill. They manifested the need to get similar situations could be happening initiatives to revitalize the Neckar river in contact with people, with the common elsewhere so we wanted our strategy to was born, the rest is history. What comes citizen, not necessarily with the intention be replicable in all the “islands”, that’s next? The researchers see a bright future Food of improving public space or the river why we defined a generalized research with this new idea, more companies are Topic itself as it was our intention, but for the question.”, the researchers clarified. First pilot of the project Neckar Lab. Chain exchange of ideas around the topic of food. Food There are some products for example that How to create an exchange platform Topic are grown in the region and managed by between private stakeholders and the civil receive Diary the companies inside Grossmarkt but society on the public ground? its sale in the market is not satisfactory simple because the people do not know Well, The Neckar Lab was the answer to how to use it or how to cook with it. As that question. The concept behind it was well as this, other needs were discovered based on the idea of connecting the needs during the process, like the claims from of different stakeholders into a common the companies located in the farmers’ platform for exchange & collaboration, so Input STUTTGART AM NECKAR
provide
Spatial Platform Spatial Reaction PAGE 20 STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017
STUTTGART AM NECKAR STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 PAGE 21 PUBLI-CITY
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NECKAR IST NEBENAN NECKARLAB STUDENTS BRING THE STUTTARTS EIGENES NECKAR TO THE CITY GRÜNBÄCHLE Attemps for more large-scale connectivity Intended to break the monotony of a linear Through the overall analyses it became clear Based on the outcomes of previous events, continue, this time with a series of posters asphalt path, a group of five young researchers that the Neckar is not used to its full potential the Hidden Waters group decided to have an that you have probably seen in U-bahn stations from the initiative Stuttgart am Neckar, such as sunbathing, canoeing or walking along installation that would stay more than one day around town during the past weeks. proposed alternative uses of the space for a day. its riverbanks. and let people interact with it.
Continue reading on page 29 Continue reading on page 30 Continue reading on page 32 Continue reading on page 38 URBAN EXPERIMENT TACKLES SMALL SCALE CONNECTIVITY ISSUES BETWEEN RIVER AND RIVERBANK The Neckar, treated as private property, is denied from residents of Stuttgart by a dominant fence. “Neckar: Lower Your Fences” is an urban Lower Your Fences 1’, we built a door out in experiment that aims to question the issue of the open air leaning on one of the fences borders between the river and the riverbank. close to Mercedesstrasse (see pictures If you pay a visit to the Neckar, you will notice below). The message on the closed door the presence of fences along the stretch of reads “Öffne Mich”. When opened, the the Wasen area, and the stretch of riverbank user is offered an alternative view of between Untertürkheim until the end of the what the Neckar could be. We created a Mercedes Benz factory. visualization that covers the fence, with Sally Al-Ejeilat, Stuttgart, July 2017: “When images of people sun-bathing, reading asking the staff in the Stuttgart’s Planning a book, playing ball, or simply having a Department about reasons behind the good time on the riverbank with their feet presence of these fences, we were in the water. We also hung postcards of informed that the fence opposite to the other river cities (Cologne, Paris, Berlin, Wasen area was there to keep drunk people Tübingen, Belgrade, etc...) to show people away from swimming in the Neckar during the potentials and make them wonder the Cannstatter Wasen Volksfest. For us, “Could this be Neckar?”. fencing the best landscapes and views On the open leaf of the door, we had a of the Neckar, which are potentials for black board where we asked people to beautiful public spaces, for an event that write what they wished to have there if takes place just twice a year, didn’t really the fence didn’t exist. People participated fit into our urban planning mentality. We actively and their interactions were very believe that fencing the Wasen and freeing rewarding. This was what urged us to the Neckar instead is a better alternative take this further to a second part for this solution. We conducted the experiment in experimented” Photo Courtesy: Alex Wunch two parts. In the first part, called ‘Neckar:
“In ‘Neckar: Lower Your Fences 2’, carried STEP 1: TO MAKE YOU WONDER out three weeks after the door experiment, we decided to challenge the norms. What if we invite people to cross the fences, and have their weekend picnic on the riverbank instead of elsewhere? We designed it as follows: We told people to bring their food and picnic gear, and from our side, we provided them with riverbank accessibility. The latter is done by using empty beer boxes. The boxes are arranged in a way to create a stair which can be climbed to the other side of the fence, where they form an amphitheatre to sit and enjoy the river. For the promotion of the event, we produced a video which can be found on our facebook page Stuttgart am Neckar, in addition with flyers we gave out on the day of Critical Mass (Read critical mass article on page 36 Closed door with an “Öffne Mich” sign to question riverbank fences. Photo Courtesy: Connectivity Group Authors for further information).” STUTTGART AM NECKAR STUTTGART - SEPTEMBER 2017 PAGE 23 EXPERIMENTAL CITY STEP 2: TO GIVE YOU ACCESS
On 15.07.2017, the “Stairs/Amphitheatre” the door, Neckar Information maps with the postcards on the fences, but because we are not sure what really were built in the same location where the (p.28 article) were installed close-by, unfortunately, only few dared to cross the happened. We came to find that the boxes previous door was installed. The fence and sarcastic signage (p.25 article) and fence to enjoy a riverbank picnic. forming the “stairs” were stolen or removed leading to the site was decorated by the chalk spray on the floor led people to The next day, the installation was by some official entity. The amphitheatre on same postcards that were used inside the installation. “Many people interacted “vandalized”. We have it between quotations the other side, was left untouched. “ REACTIONS
Photo Courtesy: Connectivity Group Authors “Ich würde gerne meine Zeit mit Freunden geniessen & Spass haben!” Anonymous Citizen
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“YOU CAN LOOK BUT YOU CAN’T TOUCH”
Photo Courtesy: Connectivity Group Authors
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STUTTGART AM NECKAR