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Provided for Non-Commercial Research and Education Use. Not for Reproduction, Distribution Or Commercial Use Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. The Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research is published by Canadian Veterinary Medical Association. The attached copy is furnished to readers for personal, non-commercial research and education use. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party Web sites are prohibited. Those who require further information regarding reprints or archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to contact [email protected]. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VÉTÉRINAIRE JULY/JUILLET 2017, VOL. 81, NO. 3 Established in 1937 ISSN 0830-9000 Canadian Journal of Revue canadienne de Veterinary Research recherche vétérinaire Formerly CANADIAN JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE Remplace la REVUE CANADIENNE DE MÉDECINE COMPARÉE The journal publishes the results of original research in veterinary La revue publie les résultats de recherches originales en médecine and comparative medicine. Manuscripts must be as concise as pos- vétérinaire et comparative. Les manuscrits doivent être aussi brefs que sible, and the research described must represent a significant con- possible et la recherche décrite doit apporter une contribution impor- tribution to knowledge in veterinary medicine. Full-length papers, tante à la médecine vétérinaire. Les exposés complets, les communi- short communications, and review papers are welcome. All manu- cations brèves et les comptes rendus sont bienvenus. Nous vérifierons scripts will be reviewed for scientific content and editorial accuracy. le fonds scientifique et la forme de tous les manuscrits. Manuscripts must conform to the Instructions for Authors found Les manuscrits doivent être conformes aux directives aux auteurs on the CVMA website. Consultation of a recent issue of the journal qui se trouvent sur le site Web de l’ACMV. La consultation d’un to ensure that the manuscript conforms to current style is also recom- récent numéro de la revue est aussi profitable, afin de s’assurer qu’un mended. Please use the website (www.canadianveterinarians.net) manuscrit se conforme au style courant. Veuillez utiliser le site Web to submit articles. A publication charge of $90 per published (www.veterinairesaucanada.net) pour soumettre les articles. Les page for CVMA Members and $130 per published page for Non- auteurs doivent acquitter des frais de 90 $ par page publiée pour members, plus a cost of $15 per table, $20 per illustration, and $150 les membres de l’ACMV et 130 $ par page publiée pour les non- per color illustration is payable by contributors. Instructions for membres, 15 $ pour chaque tableau, 20 $ pour chaque illustration, ordering reprints are sent with the galley proofs. Color illustrations et 150 $ pour chaque illustration en couleur. Un formulaire de will only be published if the author(s) agree to pay the extra cost. commande de tirés à part accompagne l’en voi des épreuves d’un manuscrit. Les illustrations en couleurs ne seront publiées que si les auteurs en assument les frais supplémentaires. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research Abstracted and/or indexed in:/Résumé et/ou catalogué dans : Revue canadienne de recherche vétérinaire Biological Abstracts Index Veterinarius Editor — Rédacteur Chemical Abstracts Nutrition Abstracts Éva Nagy, Guelph, Ontario Current Contents (Agric. Section) Science Citation Index Associate Editor — Rédacteur adjoint EMBASE/Excerpta Medica Veterinary Bulletin Faizal Careem, Calgary, Alberta Index Medicus Derwent Veterinary Drug File Assistant Editors — Assistants à la rédaction Subscription/Abonnement 2017 Serge Messier, Saint-Hyacinthe (Québec) Personal Subscription/ $170 $ (1 GST/HST as Managing Editor — Directrice de la rédaction Abonnement personnel applicable; TPS/TVH en Heather Broughton, Ottawa, Ontario (Canada) vigueur) Assistant Managing Editor — Directrice adjointe à la rédaction Stella Wheatley, Ottawa, Ontario Personal Subscription/ $190 $ US/É.-U. Advertising Manager — Gérante de la publicité Abonnement personnel Laima Laffitte, Wendover, Ontario (Foreign/Étranger) Editorial Coordinator/Coordonnatrice de la rédaction Institutional Subscription/ $275 $ (1 In Canada, GST/HST Kelly Gray-Sabourin, Ottawa, Ontario Abonnement institutionnel as applicable; Au Canada, TPS/TVH selon le cas) Institutional Subscription/ $240 $ US/É.-U. Abonnement institutionnel (Foreign/Étranger) Address all correspondence to/Adresser toute correspondance à : Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research Typesetting/Typographie Revue canadienne de recherche vétérinaire AN Design Communications 339, rue Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 7K1 www.an-design.ca Tel./Tél. : (613) 236-1162 — Fax/Télécopieur : (613) 236-9681 e-mail/Courriel : [email protected] © Canadian Veterinary Medical Association 2017 L’Association canadienne des médecins vétérinaires 2017 Published quarterly by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association Publication trimestrielle de l’Association canadienne des médecins vétérinaires JULY/JUILLET 2017, VOL. 81, NO. 3 ARTICLES Oxidative stress and food supplementation with antioxidants in therapy dogs Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome Sara Sechi, Filippo Fiore, Francesca Chiavolelli, virus (PRRSV) in pig meat Corrado Dimauro, Anna Nudda, Raffaella Cocco . .206 Philippe Raymond, Christian Bellehumeur, Malliga Nagarajan, Diane Longtin, Evaluation of transmission infrared spectroscopy Alexandra Ferland, Peter Müller, and digital and optical refractometers to identify Rachel Bissonnette, Carole Simard .................162 low immunoglobulin G concentrations in alpaca serum Development of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) open Ibrahim Elsohaby, Jennifer J. Burns, reading frame 2 DNA vaccine with different Christopher B. Riley, J. Trenton McClure ............217 adjuvants and comparison with commercial PCV2 subunit vaccine in an experimental challenge Cystic duct pressures after ligation with a Changhoon Park, Jiwoon Jeong, Kyuhyung Choi, novel absorbable device in an ex vivo caprine Su-Jin Park, Ikjae Kang, Chanhee Chae. 171 cholecystectomy model Andrea J. Sundholm Tepper, Odd V. Höglund, Retrospective study of the relationship of Torque Bonnie G. Campbell, Chi-Ya Chen, teno sus virus 1a and Torque teno sus virus 1b Boel A. Fransson ................................223 with porcine circovirus associated disease Alejandro Vargas-Ruiz, Hugo Ramírez-Álvarez, José I. Sánchez-Betancourt, Víctor Quintero-Ramírez, SHORT COMMUNICATIONS/COMMUNICATIONS BRÈVES Ignacio C. Rangel-Rodríguez, Joel A. Vázquez-Perez, Evaluation of serum symmetric dimethylarginine Lucia A. García-Camacho . .178 in dogs with heartworm infection Identification of the linear ligand epitope Bom-Sul Choi, Hyeongsun Moon, Sang-IL Suh, on classical swine fever virus that interacts Changbaig Hyun ................................228 with porcine kidney 15 cells Maternal and fetal arterial blood gas data in Yin Mei, Feng Yue, Hong-mei Ning, Juan-juan Zhou, normotensive, singleton, isoflurane anesthetized Xuan-nian Wang. .186 sheep at 124–126 days of gestation Direct repeat unit (dru) typing and antimicrobial Claire M. Loughran, Matthew W. Kemp, resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Gabrielle C. Musk ...............................231 pseudintermedius isolated from dogs in Atlantic Towards an improved estimate of antimicrobial use Canada in animals: Adjusting the “population correction unit” Matthew E. Saab, J. Scott Weese, J.T. McClure. 192 calculation The impact of carboplatin and toceranib phosphate Brian R. Radke ..................................235 on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels and survival in canine osteosarcoma Tracy L. Gieger, Julie Nettifee-Osborne, Briana Hallman, Chad Johannes, Dawn Clarke, Michael W. Nolan, Laurel E. Williams. .199 Article Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in pig meat Philippe Raymond, Christian Bellehumeur, Malliga Nagarajan, Diane Longtin, Alexandra Ferland, Peter Müller, Rachel Bissonnette, Carole Simard Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), is an economically important disease in the swine industry. Previous studies demonstrated the presence of the virus in pig meat and its transmissibility by oral consumption. This study further analyzed the infectivity of PRRSV in commercial pig meat. Fresh bottom meat pieces (n = 1500) randomly selected over a period of 2 y from a pork ham boning plant located in Quebec, Canada, were tested by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Each trimmed meat was stored in the plant freezer, subsampled weekly for up to 15 wk, and tested with quantitative RT-PCR to determine the viral load. Meat infectivity was evaluated using specific pathogen-free piglets, each fed with approximately 500 g of meat at the end of the storage time. Genotype-specific RT-PCR confirmed the presence of PRRSV mainly during cold weather in 0.73% of the fresh meat pieces. Wild and vaccine strains of genotype 2 were detected. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleic acid was stable in meat stored at around 220°C during the 15 wk. Serological and molecular analysis showed the transmission of infection by a majority of PRRSV positive meat pieces (5/9) fed orally to naïve recipients. The results confirmed a low prevalence of PRRSV
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