MIT IAP Course Lecture #1: Virtualization 101
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Para-Virtualization
Large-Scale Data & Systems Group Virtualization Jana Giceva [email protected] PeterDepartment R. Pietzuch of Computing Imperial College London [email protected]://lsds.doc.ic.ac.uk Fall 2018 Intro to Virtualization 2 Why do we need virtualizaton? • Recall previous lecture… 3 What is virtualization? • Broadly speaking… Virtualization: simulate or emulate a function of a resource (object) in software, identical to that of the physical one. Abstraction to make software look and behave like hardware. • Recall – virtual memory • Computer software gains access to more memory than it is physically installed, via the background swapping of data to disk storage. • Similarly, virtualization techniques can be applied to other IT infrastructure layers, including networks, storage, laptop or server hardware, OSs and applications. 4 Virtual infrastructure • Allows multiple VMs with different OSs and applications to run in isolation, side by side on the same physical machine. • VMs can be provisioned to any system. • Machine independence of OS and applications. • Can manage an application and its OS as a unit, encapsulating them in a single VM. src: VMWare whitepaper -- Virtualization 5 Properties of Virtual Machines • Key properties of VMs: • 1. Partitioning – Run multiple OS on one physical machine – Divide system resources between VMs • 2. Isolation – Provide fault and security isolation at the hardware level – Preserve performance with advanced resource controls • 3. Encapsulation – Save the entire state of a VM to files – Move and copy VMs as easily as copying and moving files • 4. Hardware independence – Provision or migrate any VM to any physical server 6 Virtualization – Definitions and Terms Virtual Machine (VM): a tightly isolated software container with an operating system (OS) and an application inside. -
Network Virtualization for Open Cloud
Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής Τμήμα Μηχανικών Πληροφορικής και Υπολογιστών ΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ της ΣΟΥΒΑΛΙΩΤΗ ΜΑΡΙΑΣ Επιβλέπων Καθηγητής: Ξυδάς Ιωάννης Επίκουρος Καθηγητής ΠΑ.Δ.Α. Αθήνα, Σεπτέμβριος, 2018 Περιεχόμενα Περίληψη ...............................................................................................................................................9 Αbstract...................................................................................................................................................9 Ευχαριστίες.............................................................................................................................................10 ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 1 – Εισαγωγή ..................................................................................................................11 1.1. Περίληψη Κεφαλαίου..................................................................................................................11 1.2. Virtualization ...............................................................................................................................11 1.2.1. Hypervisor – Virtual Machine Manager................................................................................12 1.2.1.1. Ενσωματωμένοι Hypervisors.........................................................................................13 1.2.2. Network Virtualization..........................................................................................................13 1.2.2.1. Συνδυασμοί Network Virtualization...............................................................................14 -
Understanding Full Virtualization, Paravirtualization, and Hardware Assist
VMware Understanding Full Virtualization, Paravirtualization, and Hardware Assist Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................1 Overview of x86 Virtualization..................................................................................2 CPU Virtualization .......................................................................................................3 The Challenges of x86 Hardware Virtualization ...........................................................................................................3 Technique 1 - Full Virtualization using Binary Translation......................................................................................4 Technique 2 - OS Assisted Virtualization or Paravirtualization.............................................................................5 Technique 3 - Hardware Assisted Virtualization ..........................................................................................................6 Memory Virtualization................................................................................................6 Device and I/O Virtualization.....................................................................................7 Summarizing the Current State of x86 Virtualization Techniques......................8 Full Virtualization with Binary Translation is the Most Established Technology Today..........................8 Hardware Assist is the Future of Virtualization, but the Real Gains Have -
Manage Your Virtual Environments with Virtual Machine Manager 2008
Virtualisation In this article, I will examine VMM 2008 The red box on the upper-left represents At a glance: and the new features it brings to IT adminis- the Virtual Machine Manager 2008 server Support for VMware VMs trators. I’ll then look at the requirements and service. Above it are the different interfaces Windows PowerShell- based scripting and the steps involved with a VMM installation. into the service: the Administrator Console, automation Finally, I’ll take a closer look at how to use the Windows PowerShell interface, and the Consolidated, centralised some of the new features of VMM 2008. management Installation procedures An introduction to Virtual Machine There are significantly Manager 2008 System Center Virtual Machine Manager more interfaces to 2008 is a standalone application that provides centralised, enterprise-class management of the VMM system in virtual machines running under Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1, Windows Serv- VMM 2008 er 2008 Hyper-V, Microsoft Hyper-V Server Manage your virtual 2008 and VMware Infrastructure 3 (ESX/ ESXi) servers. Together with other System Self-Service Web Portal with delegated user Center products, VMM provides end-to-end access. Windows PowerShell forms the basis physical and virtual infrastructure manage- for all access to the VMM server. The VMM environments with ment. Figure 1 shows the architectural lay- Admin Console is built entirely on Win- out of Virtual Machine Manager. dows PowerShell, so you can simply create As those familiar with VMM 2007 will Windows PowerShell scripts that the VMM note, there are significantly more interfaces server service runs. Thus, the public API for Virtual Machine to the VMM system in VMM 2008 (see Fig- VMM 2008 is Windows PowerShell, and any ure 1). -
The Server Virtualization Landscape, Circa 2007
ghaff@ illuminata.com Copyright © 2007 Illuminata, Inc. single user license Gordon R Haff Illuminata, Inc. TM The Server Virtualization Bazaar, Circa 2007 Inspired by both industry hype and legitimate customer excitement, many Research Note companies seem to have taken to using the “virtualization” moniker more as the hip phrase of the moment than as something that’s supposed to convey actual meaning. Think of it as “eCommerce” or “Internet-enabled” for the Noughts. The din is loud. It doesn’t help matters that virtualization, in the broad sense of “remapping physical resources to more useful logical ones,” spans a huge swath of Gordon Haff technologies—including some that are so baked-in that most people don’t even 27 July 2007 think of them as virtualization any longer. Personally licensed to Gordon R Haff of Illuminata, Inc. for your personal education and individual work functions. Providing its contents to external parties, including by quotation, violates our copyright and is expressly forbidden. However, one particular group of approaches is capturing an outsized share of the limelight today. That would, of course, be what’s commonly referred to as “server virtualization.” Although server virtualization is in the minds of many inextricably tied to the name of one company—VMware—there are many companies in this space. Their offerings include not only products that let multiple virtual machines (VMs) coexist on a single physical server, but also related approaches such as operating system (OS) virtualization or containers. In the pages that follow, I offer a guide to today’s server virtualization bazaar— which at first glance can perhaps seem just a dreadfully confusing jumble. -
Vmware Converter Enterprise-Class Migration Tool for Converting Physical Machines, Virtual Machines Or Other Third-Party Image Formats to Vmware Virtual Machines
PRODUCT DATASHEET VMware Converter Enterprise-class migration tool for converting physical machines, virtual machines or other third-party image formats to VMware virtual machines What Is VMware Converter? How Does VMware Converter Work? VMware® Converter is a highly robust and scalable enterprise-class VMware Converter is managed through a simple, task based UI that migration tool that reduces the time that IT managers spend convert- enables customers to convert physical machines, other VMware ing physical machines to VMware virtual machines. Using a snapshot- product formats or other third-party formats to VMware virtual based cloning mechanism that is extremely fast and reliable, VMware machines in three easy steps: Converter enables remote conversions without disrupting the source • Step 1: Specify the source physical server, virtual machine or third- server during the conversion process. party format to convert. VMware Converter provides a full range of physical-to-virtual and • Step 2: Specify the destination format, virtual machine name, and virtual-to-virtual conversions, allowing users to: location for the new virtual machine to be created. • Convert physical machines running Windows operating systems 1 to • Step 3: Automate the virtual machine creation and conversion pro- VMware virtual machines cess with VMware Converter. • Import older VMware virtual machine formats to new VMware virtual machine formats What are Benefits and Applications of VMware • Convert third-party formats such as Symantec Backup Exec System Converter? Recovery (formerly Symantec LiveState Recovery) and Microsoft Vir- tual Server/Virtual PC to VMware virtual machines Customers often want to convert a large number of physical servers to VMware virtual machines, for example, during a server consoli- • Populate new virtual machine environments quickly from large direc- dation project. -
Vmware Converter User's Manual: Vmware Converter 3
VMware Converter User’s Manual VMware Converter 3 VMware Converter User’s Manual VMware Converter User’s Manual Version: 3.0.2 Revision: 20071018 Item: VMC-ENG-Q407-281 You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on our Web site at http://www.vmware.com/support/ The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates. If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to: [email protected] © 2006-2007 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Protected by one or more of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,397,242, 6,496,847, 6,704,925, 6,711,672, 6,725,289, 6,735,601, 6,785,886, 6,789,156, 6,795,966, 6,880,022, 6,944,699, 6,961,806, 6,961,941, 7,069,413, 7,082,598, 7,089,377, 7,111,086, 7,111,145, 7,117,481, 7,149,843, 7,155,558, 7,222,221, 7,260,815, 7,260,820, and 7,269,683; patents pending. VMware, the VMware “boxes” logo and design, Virtual SMP and VMotion are registered trademarks or trademarks of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. VMware, Inc. 3401 Hillview Ave. Palo Alto, CA 94304 www.vmware.com 2 VMware, Inc. Contents Preface 7 1 Introduction to VMware Converter 9 Migration with VMware Converter 9 VMware Converter Editions 10 Cloning and System Reconfiguration of Physical Machines 10 Hot and Cold Cloning 11 Local and Remote Cloning 11 Example of Remote Hot Cloning 11 Example of Local Cold Cloning 13 Cloning Modes 14 Volume‐Based Cloning 14 Disk‐Based Cloning 15 Migrating Existing Virtual Machines -
A Virtual Software Appliance for LHC Applications
CernVM - a virtual software appliance for LHC applications C. Aguado-Sanchez 1) , P. Buncic 1) , L. Franco 1) , S. Klemer 1) , P. Mato 1) 1) CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Predrag Buncic (CERN/PH-SFT) • Talk Outline Introduction CernVM Project • Building blocks • Scalability and performance • User Interface and API • Release status Future plans & directions Conclusions ACAT 2008 CernVM – A Virtial Machine for LHC Experiments Erice, 6/11/2008 - 2 Introduction Enjoying “Frequency scaling Era” Cluster of Clusters (GRID) Workstation & PC Clusters Mainframes Single, multi and many cores IBM-VM 360, CERNVM,1988 ACAT 2008 CernVM – A Virtial Machine for LHC Experiments Erice, 6/11/2008 - 4 RecentTrends (h/w) • Multi & many cores CPU Core CPU Core and and Software benefits from multicore architectures L1 Caches L1 Caches where code can be executed in parallel Bus Interface and • Under most common operating systems this L2 Caches requires code to execute in separate threads or processes. Unfortunatelly, HEP/LHC applications were developed during period when it looked like any performance issue can be easily solved by simply waiting 2 more years • Support for hardware assisted virtualization VMM can now efficiently virtualize the entire x86 instruction set • Intel VT and AMD-V implementations • VMware, Xen 3.x (including derivatives like Virtual Iron), Linux KVM and Microsoft Hyper-V Running Virtual Machine will benefit from adoption of multiple core architectures since each virtual machine runs independently of others and can be executed in -
Paravirtualization (PV)
Full and Para Virtualization Dr. Sanjay P. Ahuja, Ph.D. Fidelity National Financial Distinguished Professor of CIS School of Computing, UNF x86 Hardware Virtualization The x86 architecture offers four levels of privilege known as Ring 0, 1, 2 and 3 to operating systems and applications to manage access to the computer hardware. While user level applications typically run in Ring 3, the operating system needs to have direct access to the memory and hardware and must execute its privileged instructions in Ring 0. x86 privilege level architecture without virtualization Technique 1: Full Virtualization using Binary Translation This approach relies on binary translation to trap (into the VMM) and to virtualize certain sensitive and non-virtualizable instructions with new sequences of instructions that have the intended effect on the virtual hardware. Meanwhile, user level code is directly executed on the processor for high performance virtualization. Binary translation approach to x86 virtualization Full Virtualization using Binary Translation This combination of binary translation and direct execution provides Full Virtualization as the guest OS is completely decoupled from the underlying hardware by the virtualization layer. The guest OS is not aware it is being virtualized and requires no modification. The hypervisor translates all operating system instructions at run-time on the fly and caches the results for future use, while user level instructions run unmodified at native speed. VMware’s virtualization products such as VMWare ESXi and Microsoft Virtual Server are examples of full virtualization. Full Virtualization using Binary Translation The performance of full virtualization may not be ideal because it involves binary translation at run-time which is time consuming and can incur a large performance overhead. -
Virtualize Servers with Microsoft Hyper-V and Netapp by Brian Gracely, Netapp
This article was originally published in NetApp’s Tech OnTap Newsletter. To receive the newsletter monthly and enjoy other great benefits, sign up today at www.netapp.com/us/communities/tech-ontap Virtualize Servers with Microsoft Hyper-V and NetApp By Brian Gracely, NetApp Microsoft® Hyper-V™ is a new virtualiza- • Introduction to Hyper-V BRIAN GRACELY tion technology that is a key component of • Storage considerations for Hyper-V MANAGER, REFERENCE Windows® Server 2008. Hyper-V provides • Deduplication and thin provisioning ARCHITECTURE, NETAPP the ability to virtualize server resources and • Backup and disaster recovery Brian manages the Virtualization Refer- manage them within the Windows manage- ence Architecture team within NetApp’s ment framework and is a good choice for INTRODUCTION TO HYPER-V Virtualization and Grid Infrastructure customers whose core infrastructure is built Microsoft Hyper-V (previously known business unit (VGIBU). His team of primarily on Windows Server and other as Microsoft Server Virtualization) is a Microsoft Hyper-V experts is based in Microsoft application technologies. hypervisor-based server virtualization Seattle, Research Triangle Park (RTP), technology that is an integral part of all and Bangalore and is focused on design, Like all server virtualization solutions, Windows Server 2008 editions (as of implementation, and training for Hyper-V Hyper-V increases the demand on back-end its release in late June 2008). Hyper-V deployments using NetApp storage. storage in terms of reliability, performance, significantly extends the virtualization ® and data management capabilities. NetApp capabilities that Microsoft provided NETAPP AND MICROSOFT storage solutions are well suited for Hyper-V through its still shipping Microsoft Virtual NetApp maintains a close relationship environments, offering storage virtualization Server product. -
Eseguire Il Backup Di Macchine Virtuali Con Volumi Logici (Noti Anche Come Volumi LVM) O Periferiche MD (Note Anche Come RAID Software Linux)
Acronis Backup & Recovery 11.5 Virtual Edition Backup di macchine virtuali Informazioni sul copyright Copyright © Acronis International GmbH, 2002-2012. Tutti i diritti riservati. "Acronis" e "Acronis Secure Zone" sono marchi registrati di Acronis International GmbH. "Acronis Compute with Confidence", "Acronis Startup Recovery Manager", "Acronis Active Restore" e il logo Acronis sono marchi registrati di Acronis International GmbH. Linux è un marchio registrato di Linus Torvalds. VMware e VMware Ready sono marchi commerciali e/o marchi registrati di VMware, Inc. negli Stati Uniti e/o in altre giurisdizioni. Windows e MS-DOS sono marchi registrati di Microsoft Corporation. Tutti gli altri marchi commerciali e copyright a cui si fa riferimento sono proprietà dei rispettivi titolari. La diffusione di versioni di questo documento modificate sostanzialmente è proibita senza il permesso esplicito del titolare del copyright. La diffusione di quest'opera o di opere da essa derivate sotto qualsiasi forma standard di libro (cartaceo) a scopi commerciali è proibita in assenza del permesso da parte del titolare del copyright. LA PRESENTE DOCUMENTAZIONE È FORNITA "COSÌ COME SI PRESENTA" E QUALSIVOGLIA CONDIZIONE, DICHIARAZIONE E GARANZIA, SIA ESSA ESPRESSA O IMPLICITA, IVI INCLUSA QUALSIASI GARANZIA IMPLICITA DI COMMERCIABILITÀ, IDONEITÀ AD UN FINE SPECIFICO O PER EVITARE TRASGRESSIONI, SI INTENDE ESCLUSA, NELLA MISURA IN CUI LE SUDDETTE RINUNCE SIANO DA INTENDERSI LEGALMENTE CONSENTITE. Assieme al Software e/o al Servizio potrebbe essere fornito codice di terze parti. I termini di licenza di tali terze parti sono descritti in dettaglio nel file license.txt che si trova nella directory di installazione principale. È sempre possibile trovare l'elenco degli ultimi aggiornamenti del codice di terze parti e i relativi termini di licenza utilizzati con il Software e/o il servizio all'indirizzo http://kb.acronis.com/content/7696 Tecnologie protette da brevetto Acronis Le tecnologie utilizzate in questo prodotto sono protette dai seguenti brevetti: brevetto U.S. -
Virtualization Technologies Overview Course: CS 490 by Mendel
Virtualization technologies overview Course: CS 490 by Mendel Rosenblum Name Can boot USB GUI Live 3D Snaps Live an OS on mem acceleration hot of migration another ory runnin disk alloc g partition ation system as guest Bochs partially partially Yes No Container s Cooperati Yes[1] Yes No No ve Linux (supporte d through X11 over networkin g) Denali DOSBox Partial (the Yes No No host OS can provide DOSBox services with USB devices) DOSEMU No No No FreeVPS GXemul No No Hercules Hyper-V iCore Yes Yes No Yes No Virtual Accounts Imperas Yes Yes Yes Yes OVP (Eclipse) Tools Integrity Yes No Yes Yes No Yes (HP-UX Virtual (Integrity guests only, Machines Virtual Linux and Machine Windows 2K3 Manager in near future) (add-on) Jail No Yes partially Yes No No No KVM Yes [3] Yes Yes [4] Yes Supported Yes [5] with VMGL [6] Linux- VServer LynxSec ure Mac-on- Yes Yes No No Linux Mac-on- No No Mac OpenVZ Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes (using Xvnc and/or XDMCP) Oracle Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes VM (manage d by Oracle VM Manager) OVPsim Yes Yes Yes Yes (Eclipse) Padded Yes Yes Yes Cell for x86 (Green Hills Software) Padded Yes Yes Yes No Cell for PowerPC (Green Hills Software) Parallels Yes, if Boot Yes Yes Yes DirectX 9 Desktop Camp is and for Mac installed OpenGL 2.0 Parallels No Yes Yes No partially Workstati on PearPC POWER Yes Yes No Yes No Yes (on Hypervis POWER 6- or (PHYP) based systems, requires PowerVM Enterprise Licensing) QEMU Yes Yes Yes [4] Some code Yes done [7]; Also supported with VMGL [6] QEMU w/ Yes Yes Yes Some code Yes kqemu done [7]; Also module supported