A publication of the North American Lake Management Society

LAKELINEVolume 36, No. 2 • Summer 2016

Shoreline Management

Permit No. 171 No. Permit

Bloomington, IN 47405-1701 IN Bloomington, Bloomington, IN Bloomington,

1315 E. Tenth Street Tenth E. 1315 PAID

MANAGEMENT SOCIETY MANAGEMENT US POSTAGE US

NONPROFIT ORG. NONPROFIT LAKE AMERICAN NORTH

36th International Symposium of the North American Lake Management Society

NALMS 2016 Science to Stewardship: Ban ff •• C a n a d a Balancing Economic Growth with Lake Sustainability

NOVEMBER 1 - 4, 2016 Banff Springs Hotel • Banff, Canada

There may be no locale more appropriate to host a discussion on the impact of development on natural spaces than Banff National Park, Alberta. Established in 1885, Banff is Canada’s first national park. Hosting millions of visitors annually, Banff exemplifies the need for a sustainable balance between economic development and conservation. Alberta has undergone significant landscape change during the last hundred years. Intact ecosystems have been altered by rapid population growth and a thriving natural resource-based economy. However, there is a #NALMS2016 Hosted by strong desire to improve lake management in Alberta, and the Alberta Lake Management the Tentative Society celebrates its 25th anniversary this www.nalms.org Alberta Schedule year. We invite you to join us at the 2016 NALMS Symposium to help us celebrate, Lake Monday, October 31 explore the area, and engage in Management NALMS Board Meeting discussions about science, stewardship and finding a balance Tuesday, November 1 Society between the environment, Workshops An Affiliate of NALMS Field Trips economy and social goals in lake NALMS New Member Reception management. Pub Crawl

Wednesday, November 2 Opening Plenary Session Technical and Poster Sessions Exhibits Open Exhibitors’ Reception Hot Springs Night

Thursday, November 3 Clean Lakes Classic Technical and Poster Sessions Exhibits Open NALMS Membership Meeting Awards Reception and Banquet

Friday, November 4 Technical Sessions Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 1 Exhibits Open Technical Program The NALMS 2016 Program Committee is organizing an excellent array of presentations on diverse aspects of lakes, ponds, reservoirs, their watersheds, and their many users and inhabitants. Below is a sample of key topics, but please check the symposium website regularly for up-to- date program information.

Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) • Early Detection of AIS and Emergency Response • Curbing the Spread of AIS - The Role of Outreach, Partnerships & Policy • The Westward Spread of Dreissenid Mussels • Control Strategies for Aquatic Invasive Plants • Dealing with Flowering Rush Infestations • Control Strategies for AIS • Emerging Technologies & Innovation in AIS Management • Water Use and Infrastructure Concerns for AIS • Non-native Fish Impacts & Management • Investing in Prevention of AIS • Aquatic Invasive Cyanobacteria Workshops Water Quality and Limnology We will be offering a variety of full- and half-day workshops on Tuesday of • Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: Causes and Control the conference. These workshops provide attendees the opportunity for a • Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: Occurrence and Monitoring more in-depth focus on a topic of interest, and many will provide hands-on • Rapid Detection of Cyanotoxins experience. • Paleolimnology 1: Understanding Multiple Stressor Effects on Lakes • Paleolimnology 2: Applications for Lake Management Workshops • Paleolimnology 3: Novel Approaches to Obtain Lake Histories • Algae Identification • Ecology of Shallow Lakes • The art and science of making presentations effective, memorable and • Water Quality Monitoring Methods enjoyable and effectively engaging and interacting with people • Arctic and Alpine Lakes • Fish ecology • Building Bridges: Citizens, Science and Policy: The challenges of • Lake Eutrophication making community-based water monitoring more effective to policy • Plastic Beads in Aquatic Ecosystems • Campbell Scientific Datalogger & Water Quality Sensors • Traditional Ecological Knowledge • Internal Phosphorus Loading Lake and Watershed Management • Lake & Pond Phosphorus Inactivation & Interception • Building Novel Lake Ecosystems in the Oil Sands Region • Wetland Restoration • Real Time Test Systems for Cyanotoxins • Adaptive Lake Management • User-Friendly Approaches for Stream Load and Trophic State • Phoslock Application and Case Studies Assessment • Hypolimnetic Withdrawal Systems • Community-based Lake and Watershed Stewardship Visit the NALMS website, www.nalms.org, for more information and • Citizen Science - Lake Monitoring Protocols pricing. • Citizen Science - Data Management and Analysis • Management of Treatment Lakes and Wetlands • Integrated Watershed Planning • Pigeon Lake Case Study – Watershed and Cumulative effects • Contaminated Sites and Spills: Cleanup and Response • Progress in Irrigation and Water Use Efficiency in Alberta • Case Studies in Artificial Lake Mixing • Lake of the Woods Region • Regulatory Progress and Regional Planning • Valuing Ecosystem Services • Ecosystem Resiliency Program • Management of First Nations Land and Water • Impacts of Recreational Lake Use on Human Health #NALMS2016

36th International Symposium of the North American Lake Management Society 2 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE Field Trips and Special Events

Tuesday, November 1

The Lakes of Banff National Park Explore some of Banff National Park’s most beautiful glacial lakes with knowledgeable experts on this technical tour through the picturesque Icefields Parkway. The tour will take us to Lake Minnewanka, where a dam built for hydropower raised the lake 30 m and flooded the resort town of Minnewanka Landing, to Lake Louise, where we will learn of the sensitivity of alpine lakes to global change, to Bow Lake, where contaminants from around the world can be detected in the runoff of the Bow Glacier, and to Peyto Lake, where tourists from around the world stop to observe the lake’s brilliant blue colour.

Welcome to Banff Meet and Greet / Pub Crawl This year, our traditional symposium-opening social gathering takes us Important Deadlines from our meeting place at the Banff Springs Hotel to several locations along Banff Avenue in downtown Banff. Catch up with friends and colleagues new and old during this casual night on the town. September 2, 2016 Registration and payment from presenters of accepted abstracts due. Wednesday, November 2 September 9, 2016 Early bird registration deadline. Exhibitor Reception NALMS, the Local Host Committee and our exhibitors invite you to join us September 29, 2016 in kicking off the symposium and welcoming attendees to Banff. Take time Last day conference hotel rate available. to relax, view the poster displays and visit with the exhibitors and fellow attendees. October 21, 2016 Regular registration deadline. Banff Upper Hot Springs Dating back to 1884, one of Banff’s premier attractions is the Banff Upper Hot Springs, which is a splendid historic spa and bathhouse with the magnificent background of Banff’s spectacular alpine scenery. Over the past century, travelers “take to the waters” as they enjoy the outdoor source fed pool and come to appreciate the ultimate in Rocky Mountain relaxation.

Thursday, November 3

Clean Lakes Classic 5k Run/Walk The annual Clean Lakes Classic starts at mid-day from the Banff Springs Hotel. The 5 kilometer run or walk takes participants into the town of Banff before returning to the Banff Springs. You need not be a runner to participate! All pre-registered participants receive a t-shirt as part of the sign-up fee.

NALMS Awards Reception & Banquet NALMS’ Annual Awards Reception & Banquet is the climax of the Contact Information Society’s year as members and friends of the society are honored for their work and achievements over the last year. Awards are presented for Technical Merit, Outstanding Corporation (Jim Flynn Award) and Friends Local Host Committee Co-Chairs of NALMS and are capped off with our most prestigious award, the Secchi Arin MacFarlane Dyer | [email protected] Disk Award, which honors the NALMS member who has made the most Ron Zurawell | [email protected] significant contributions to the goals and objectives of the Society.

Program Co-Chairs Vin Gogh - Paint your own masterpiece Al Sosiak | [email protected] Back to NALMS by popular demand! Participants are provided with a Colleen Prather | [email protected] canvas, easel, paint, brushes and apron and a glass of wine. An artist provides step-by-step guidance and in just two hours, you will complete a General Conference, Exhibitor & Sponsorship Information 16” × 20” painting with your very own hands. All you have to do is decide NALMS Office | 608-233-2836 | www.nalms.org where to hang it.

Science to Stewardship: Balancing Economic Growth with Lake Sustainability Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 3 Hotel and Transportation The 2016 NALMS Symposium will be at the Fairmont Banff Springs Hotel, the same venue as the 1998 NALMS Symposium. Attendees and their guests will again enjoy the vast natural splendour of the region and time spent at the historic “Castle in the Rockies.” They will have the opportunity to participate in field tours, a hot springs night, shopping, museums and other attractions in the picturesque town site, only a short walk from the conference venue. There is a wide range of other activities in the region including late season hiking, sightseeing and films at the International Banff Mountain Film Festival (October 29 – November 6, 2016). Hotel Information Transportation Information Calgary International Airport is the closet major airport and is a 2-hour Banff Springs Hotel scenic drive from Banff. Calgary International Airport is served by major 405 Spray Avenue airlines including Air Canada, Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, Delta, Banff, Alberta United and WestJet. Canada 403-762-2211 | www.fairmont.com/banff-springs The Fairmont Banff Springs does not offer an airport shuttle, but the Banff Airporter and the Brewster Banff Airport Express both offer regular, • Room rates are $159 Cdn/night for single occupancy plus $12/night scheduled service to Banff. resort fee and 11% tax • Complimentary in-room internet is available to members of the Fairmont Banff Airporter President’s Club. There is no charge to join. 888-449-2901 www.banffairporter.com • The conference rate is available until September 29, 2016 $60.50 each way + GST Brewster Banff Airport Express US citizens entering Canada now need a passport, and the latest 866-606-6700 travel requirements for all countries can be viewed at www.cic.gc.ca/ www.brewster.ca/transportation/brewster-banff-airport-express/ english/visit/apply-who.asp. Please allow enough time to meet these $65 each way + GST requirements. 15% discount on roundtrip reservations when booked over the phone Photo Credits Page 1: Justin Mier; James Wheeler; Paul Howard / Page 2: Ken Wagner; Nonac_Digi / Page 3: Banff Lake Louise Tourism/Paul Zizka Photography; Ken Wagenr / Page 4: Adrian Nurman

We look forward to seeing you in Banff, Alberta!

4 Summer 2016 /Visit NALMS •www.nalms.org LAKELINE to register for NALMS 2016! ake ine Contents L L Published quarterly by the North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) as a medium for exchange and communication among all those Volume 36, No. 2 / Summer 2016 interested in lake management. Points of view expressed and products advertised herein do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of 6 From the Editor NALMS or its Affiliates. Mention of trade names and commercial products shall not constitute 7 From the President an endorsement of their use. All rights reserved. Standard postage is paid at Bloomington, IN and additional mailing offices. Internal Loading NALMS Officers President 8 At the Forefront of Shoreline Management Julie Chambers Immediate Past-President 14 Partnering for Lake Protection in Vermont Reed Green 20 Wisconsin’s Public-Private Lakes Partenership President-Elect Grows New Layers Frank Wilhelm Secretary 25 Restore Your Shore: A Community-Based Social Sara Peel Marketing Approach Treasurer Michael Perry 31 The Natural Edge: Healthy Shorelines with Functionality in Mind NALMS Regional Directors Region 1 Wendy Gendron 35 Living by Water in Alberta Region 2 Kiyoko Yokota Region 3 Nicki Bellezza Region 4 Diane Lauritsen 38 Student Corner Region 5 Melissa Clark Region 6 Brad Hufhines Region 7 George Antoniou 42 NALMS Achievement Awards Call for Nominations Region 8 Mike Eytel Region 9 Todd Tietjen 45 NALMS Election Call for Nominations Region 10 Shannon Brattebo Region 11 Anna DeSellas 48 Literature Search Region 12 John-Mark Davies At-Large Vacant Student At-Large Ted Harris

LakeLine Staff Editor: William W. Jones Advertising Manager: Philip Forsberg Production: Parchment Farm Productions Printed by: Metropolitan Printing Service Inc.

ISSN 0734-7978 ©2016 North American Lake Management Society 4510 Regent Street Suite 2B Madison, WI 53705 (All changes of address should go here.) Permission granted to reprint with credit.

Address all editorial inquiries to: William Jones 1305 East Richland Drive Advertisers Index Bloomington, IN 47408 Tel: 812/334-3485 Aquarius Systems, Inc. 41 [email protected] In-Situ, Inc. 13 Address all advertising inquiries to: Philip Forsberg Medora 19 NALMS On the cover: Nufarm BC PO Box 7276 2014 NALMS Photography Contest entry by Boulder, CO 80306-7276 PhycoTech 43 Tel: 303/800-6680 Jason Smith. Premier Materials Technology 24 Fax: 608/233-3186 [email protected] SePRO IFC

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 5 From Bill Jones the Editor

LakeLine encourages letters to the editor. horeline management is a topic very Walters describe how five municipalities Do you have a lake-related question? Or, near and dear to me. Throughout came together with government and have you read something in LakeLine Smy career at Indiana University, I academic partners, following the that stimulates your interest? We’d love regularly “preached” completion of a drinking water assessment to hear from you via e-mail, telephone, or to lake associations, report, to create the Restore Your Shore my students, and postal letter. Program. They use community-based anyone else who social marketing techniques to identify would listen about and evaluate local behaviors, and local the importance surprise you that so many diffeent types funding and grants to provide on-the- of creating and of entities are involved actively to protect ground technical assistance to watershed maintaining an and manage our important shoreline shoreland owners. In a similar way ecologically areas. Our concerns for the shoreland Watershed’s Canada, a charity, created the sustainable shoreline. All too often I saw environment were validated by the Natural Edge program that uses education, lakeshore homeowners who were thrilled findings of the USEPA’s 2007 and 2012 one-on-one site visits, individualized to be living on and enjoying the amenities National Lake Assessments that identified planting plans, plantings, and follow- of their lake, but were nevertheless lakeshore habitat loss as the major stressor up visits to create sustainable, native taking actions on their property that for declining lake conditions nationally. vegetation on shorelands throughout were destroying the very amenities that Lisa Borre, Robyn Smyth, and Eric Ontario. Courtney Allison describes the attracted them to the lake in the first Howe lead off with several important program in her article. For more than place! examples of why we must prepare for 15 years, Nature Alberta, a federation During one weekend presentation at the effects that global climate change of natural history organizations, has a Northern Indiana lake association that may have on our lake shorelines and delivered Living by Water, an education had received State funding for shoreline watersheds. Their collaboration illustrates and technical assistance program. Jenna restoration, I complimented the group how interdisciplinary approaches are often Curtis tells us about the program and on their recently completed project needed to understand and solve today’s shares two example stories. using native plants on their clubhouse problems. Next, Judy Davis, Jeremy In “Student Corner” Kathleen shoreline property, only to have numerous Deeds, and Perry Thomas describe Marean describes her water quality individuals tell me afterwards that they a partnership between the Federation assessment project on Sixberry Lake would rather have put in a seawall! of Vermont Lakes and Ponds and the as part of her master’s degree at SUNY One useful trick I used during talks State of Vermont to educate Vermonters Oneonta. to lake groups was to show side-by-side about their shorelines using social In “From the President” NALMS images in a PowerPoint presentation of marketing, surveys, and technical and President Julie Chambers summarizes the one property with a seawall and another financial support. The Wisconsin Lakes Mid-term Board of Directors’ meeting with native vegetation and some large Partnership (do you see a trend here?) held in Tampa during early May. Our wood in the water. Then I’d ask the continues its creative work in shoreline Board has been very busy. We also anglers in the audience to select which management with two new programs – a include the annual “Call for Award property they’d fish along. The answer, Healthy Lakes Initiative and a lakeshore Nominations” and “Call for Election of course, was obvious to the anglers and habitat restoration training program Nominations” in this issue, as well as four their responses created a more meaningful for professionals. Patrick Goggin and pages of information about the annual lesson than I could have given alone. Pamela Toshner tell us how in their symposium to be held in November For this issue of LakeLine, we’ve article. in Banff, Canada. We conclude with collected some new lessons in shoreline We then turn to our neighbors to the “Literature Search.” management from authors in the public, north for a look into different approaches Enjoy! private, academic, and non-profit sectors, being used in Canada to tackle shoreline from both the U.S. and Canada. It may management issues. Sue Buckle and Dan

6 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE From Julie Chambers the President

Midterm Meeting 2016 past president, Tom Gordon, to see if he on financial discussions, website would be willing to come in and work migration and functionality, as well as his year’s with us. Once it was confirmed that he developing an effective communications midterm would be able to join us, we discussed strategy for the organization. During their Tmeeting was what the training would look like and discussions each group developed a list of held in the beautiful what I wanted to focus on. The areas I action items and/or needs related to their city of Tampa, thought would be most useful were Board topic. Once the groups wrapped up, the Florida, the weekend engagement, roles and expectations, meeting reconvened so each group could of April 30 - May communication, follow through, and give a brief report and timeline in which 1, just prior to the working new Board members into the activities would take place. beginning of the fold. This was a great way to kick things It’s a bit difficult to sum up such 10th National Water Quality Monitoring off and the feedback on this activity a full day, but it was a very successful Conference. Goals for this meeting has been very positive. We will work to and productive meeting. We were able included not only tackling the business incorporate more training opportunities to accomplish quite a bit and still have of the Society, but also incorporating like this in the future. more to work on. I always look forward some training for the Board of Directors, During the full meeting Sunday, to getting together as it re-energizes something that was discussed at the the Treasurer provided a report on the everyone until we meet again. I’m annual meeting last November. Society’s current financial status as fortunate to be working with this great There are many exciting things going well as a review of the previous year’s group of folks who are committed to the on in 2016 and since we only meet twice a budget to actual and discussed the organization and are willing pitch in no year it is critical that we make the most of continued need for diversifying our matter the task at hand. our time together and jump right in to the income. Also presented during this time business at hand. Currently, we are in the was a draft financial endowment policy. is the Lakes Monitoring process of updating the NALMS website, Two proposals have been submitted for Julie Chambers Coordinator for the Oklahoma Water Resources working on updates to policies related the 2018 conference venue, and after Board. She has been a part of the Water Quality to our conferences, working toward much discussion the Board decided to division’s monitoring section since 1999. Julie obtaining our 501(c)3 status in Wisconsin, convene in Cincinnati, OH. Following this has been a member of the North American Lake and developing a communications Procedure 6, which is a series of policies Management Society (NALMS) for many years, strategy, to name a few. In order to make related to conferences, was discussed. has served on various committees, and was the most of our limited time together and Earlier in the year an ad-hoc committee previously the Region 6 Director. c to keep things on schedule, some of our was formed to review this procedure and discussions were conducted during a pre- work will continue through the summer; meeting Saturday evening. During this focusing on exploring regional conference evening meeting, updates on the National options, conference rotations, hot topics Water Quality Monitoring Conference as in specific locations, etc. Another topic well as the conferences to be held in Banff that was discussed was the Conflict of and Colorado in 2016 and 2017 were Interest policy; it was deemed beneficial provided by Jeff Schloss, the Conference to have the policy expanded to include Chair. NALMS awards and nominations not only those who serve on the Board, for outgoing directors and officers were but also to individuals that participate on also discussed. behalf of NALMS. Staff is developing an We started the Sunday off with online form to allow for signatures to be Established in 1885 several hours of training for the Board of obtained in an efficient manner. as Canada’s first National Park Directors. Shortly after the conference During the latter portion of the day, (third in the world) in Saratoga, I reached out to NALMS the team broke into workgroups focused

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 7 Shoreline Management

At the Forefront of Shoreline Management Lisa Borre, Robyn L. Smyth, and Eric A. Howe

Phosphorus recycling between aquatic sediment and lake water Adapting shoreline and riparian zone management to build resilience and mitigate impacts of climate change

n coastal communities, the fear of rising sedimentation and a greater likelihood restoration and management efforts sea levels has put climate adaptation and of flooding. There is also a projected (Figure 1). Iresilience planning at the forefront of increase in consecutive days without Although lake managers have little shoreline management programs in recent rain across most of the U.S. (NCA 2014) direct influence on reversing warming years. But for inland water communities, that may further exacerbate water level trends or other aspects of global climate the impacts of climate change, while fluctuations. The resulting changes in change (except by advocating for climate perhaps not as obvious as regular coastal hydrology and water levels, from both action), there are management actions that flooding events or as scary as sea level flooding and drought, are causing direct can be taken to build the resiliency of lake rise predictions, are no less real. impacts to shorelines and lakes from ecosystems and mitigate the impacts of As previously described in LakeLine erosion and sediment loading during the changing climate. Of the many climate (Vol. 35, No. 3), the Global Lake flooding to loss of wetland connectivity impacts lake managers are beginning to Temperature Collaboration has found and exposure of aquatic vegetation in address, stormwater management and that lake surface water temperatures are the littoral zone during droughts. These reducing sediment and nutrient pollution warming in all regions of the world and changes are further complicating lake caused by more intense rain events in cold regions, the duration of winter ice cover is in decline. With these and other changes in weather patterns, the period of lake stratification is becoming longer in many lakes, creating even more favorable conditions for harmful blooms of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the development of hypoxia (low oxygen conditions) below the thermocline. Warming water temperatures and less ice cover lead to higher evaporation rates and changes in hydrology that affect water levels on lakes as large as the North American Great Lakes and as small as seepage lakes in Wisconsin. In addition to warming, global climate change is altering and intensifying precipitation patterns. Both globally and nationally, we expect dry areas to become drier while wet areas become wetter. Despite the recent drought in the Southwest, all areas of the United States (except Hawaii) are experiencing more rain as heavy downpour events (NCA 2014). With more intense rain events, there is more surface runoff and erosion Figure 1. Changes in climate are further complicating restoration efforts on Lake Champlain and leading to more nutrient pollution and many other lakes, especially in areas with more intense rain events. Photo: Lisa Borre.

8 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE are primary concerns, especially in the northeastern U.S. where there has already been a 70 percent increase in rain falling in heavy downpour events (NCA 2014). (See Figure 2.) In areas experiencing bigger storms, the focus is on implementing best management practices along the shoreline and in riparian areas throughout the watershed to increase infiltration, stabilize banks, curb sediment and nutrient loading from stormwater runoff, and address other concerns that help lake communities adapt and become more resilient to climate change. The shortcomings of a “business as usual” approach were perhaps no more evident than when Tropical Storm Irene impacted lakes across the Northeast in 2011, as shown by the analysis of in- lake sensor data collected during the storm by researchers from the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON). The high winds and inflows destabilized thermal stratification and washed terrestrial material into lakes that impacted water quality and altered microbial activity. Not surprisingly, the Figure 2. The map from NCA (2014) shows percent increases in the amount of precipitation most heavily impacted lakes were the falling in very heavy events (defined as the heaviest 1% of all daily events) from 1958 to 2012 for each region of the continental United States. (Figure source: updated from Karl et al. 2009). ones that received the most rainfall and have the largest watersheds (Klug et al. 2012). Irene was a real wake-up call for lake and watershed groups in the Northeast region, and the response to this extreme weather event, as well as the general increase in heavy downpours, provides useful lessons for shoreline and riparian zone management in a time of global change, as shown in the following three examples.

Lake Champlain, New York, Vermont, and Quebec Lake Champlain was hit particularly hard in 2011 with record high lake levels in the spring due to high winter snowmelt coupled with intense rainfall followed by massive tributary flooding from Tropical Storm Irene, which left a lasting impact on both human and natural communities (Figure 3). The Lake Champlain Basin Program (LCBP) responded by embarking on a stormwater planning effort to promote more flood resilient communities (Dalton et al. 2015). Two important steps toward Figure 3. Spring flooding along the shore of Lake Champlain during record breaking flooding in flood resilience were identified: (1) 2011. Photo: LCBP.

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 9 reducing development in flood-prone areas, and (2) providing rivers with better access to their natural floodplains. Since the 2011 floods, shoreline protection zones, floodplain hazard areas, and development standards have been redefined across the region. These efforts are aimed at preventing damage to infrastructure and homes and reducing pollution to waterbodies from flooding. Both New York and Vermont have strong shoreland management laws and guidelines in place, including the Vermont Shoreland Protection bill, which became law in 2014. The importance of strong shoreland management standards became very clear in the spring of 2011, when Lake Champlain reached record-high levels and inundated homes along the lakeshore and its outlet, the Richelieu River, for over six weeks (Figure 4). In addition to proper shoreland management guidelines, the LCBP plan calls for Figure 4. Shoreline erosion along the west shore of North Hero, Vermont, during record-breaking updating stormwater management flooding in 2011 on Lake Champlain.Photo: LCBP. standards to accommodate larger and more frequent storms. To mitigate the region to protect water quality over the The study found 12 percent of culverts the impacts of such storms, the report long-term (Figure 5). are already undersized for current land includes recommendations for floodplain Existing stormwater culverts and use and the recent shifts in precipitation and wetland protection, consistent other infrastructure features were assessed (Simpson et al. 2012). The study also permitting guidelines across jurisdictions, to determine if they could handle the found between 35 percent to 70 percent relocation of existing infrastructure increased stormwater volumes under of culverts were undersized for a range outside of flood zones, and properly sized current conditions as well as under likely of likely population growth and climate gray infrastructure (e.g., storm drains, climate change scenarios (Figure 6). change scenarios. The project team road culverts, etc.).

Lake Sunapee, New Hampshire The Lake Sunapee Protective Association (LSPA) also became concerned about documented increases in heavy precipitation events after Irene, especially given changing development patterns that were resulting in more impervious surfaces in the watershed. Given stormwater runoff has a major impact on water quality, the LSPA teamed up with scientists, researchers, and educators from the UNH Stormwater Center, Antioch University (Keene), and private research and consulting firms for a NOAA-funded project to gather and analyze data on water-related infrastructure, primarily stormwater infrastructure, in the Sunapee watershed. The objective was to help towns in the watershed avoid costly infrastructure damage and save money by adapting stormwater systems to the changing development and precipitation patterns in Figure 5. Stormwater flowing into Lake Sunapee, New Hampshire, through a road culvert.Photo: Midge Eliassen.

10 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE have led to the formation of deltas at inlets that in some cases extend hundreds of feet into the lake, altering shoreline habitat, impeding recreational activities, and threatening water quality (Figure 7). As with Lake Sunapee, stormwater infrastructure designed for the hydrology of last century is inadequate for the increasingly frequent, large rain events that are occurring. To overcome stormwater and other management challenges, the Lake George Association (LGA) plans and implements “Lake- Saving Projects” in collaboration with the Warren County Soil and Water Conservation District and other public and private partners that include local towns and homeowner’s associations. The aim of these projects is to protect Lake George’s economically valuable water quality (LGA 2016). Several recent projects have involved a combination of green and gray Figure 6. The LSPA responded to more frequent heavy rain events in the Lake Sunapee infrastructure to maximize infiltration watershed by partnering with others to develop a climate adaptation plan focused on stormwater along steep slopes and shoreline areas management, including recommendations for replacing undersized road culverts. Photo: Midge where space is valuable and limited. The Eliassen. native vegetation holds sediments in place and slows down surface runoff so that it estimated the watershed-wide cost of stormwater in the absence of stabilizing can be captured by gray infrastructure, upgrading the culvert system for the vegetation, a problem exacerbated by such as dry wells, and released into the “most likely” future storm scenario was local land development and the increase ground to allow for natural filtration of 12 percent greater than constructing in high flow events. Over the last half- the water before it enters the lake. The culverts to the historical design standards. century, high sediment loads in streams LGA is also using bio-engineering to They proposed a financing mechanism draining developed areas of the watershed restore eroding shorelines and gullies. using a 20-year municipal bond that would result in a minimal increase in property taxes ($15 per household per year), which seems like a bargain for adapting civil infrastructure compared to the emergency repair costs that might be required for another storm like Irene. Through an education and outreach program, they motivated the community to develop and implement a long-term adaptation program to upgrade the stormwater management system and promote low impact development in the watershed.

Lake George, New York Enhancing stormwater management is also a high priority around Lake George, a long-time tourist destination in the southern Adirondack Mountains of New York known for its clear water, sport fishing, and scenic vistas. Although Lake George’s mountainous watershed is relatively small and largely forested, Figure 7. Sediment loading to Lake George, New York, from English Brook after Tropical Storm its steep slopes are easily eroded by Irene in 2011. Photo: Lake George Association.

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 11 Collectively, these projects are building the lake’s resiliency to climate change. The LGA stresses the importance of monitoring and maintaining investments in erosion control and stormwater management to ensure proper functioning and achieve the goal of keeping sediments and associated nutrients and pollutants out of the lake. In many cases, green infrastructure and bio-engineering solutions that incorporate native vegetation become self-sustaining once established, requiring less maintenance than gray infrastructure and providing additional benefits of habitat and carbon capture.

Additional climate considerations for shoreline and riparian zone management With anticipated increases in sediment- and nutrient-laden runoff, it is important to slow down overland flow Figure 8. Over 50 volunteers helped with riparian buffer plantings along the middle reach of and increase opportunities for infiltration Alder Brook, Vermont, in 2012/13. Photo: Wildlife Management Institute. in shoreline and upland areas. This can be achieved through low-impact • Incorporate the use of green Management in the Lake Champlain development and the incorporation stormwater infrastructure and low Basin. Lake Champlain Basin Program of green infrastructure such as rain impact development techniques in Technical Report. http://www.lcbp. gardens and barrels, bioswales, green shoreline areas and throughout the org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/80_ roofs, biofiltration galleries, silva cells, watershed. LCBP_ClimateChange_ constructed wetlands, street trees, and • Place greater emphasis on shoreline StormwaterMangement.pdf permeable pavement. These practices and riparian zone management Karl, T.R., J.T. Melillo, and T.C. are part of the management toolbox for practices such as restoring natural Peterson (Eds). 2009. Global Climate all three watershed highlighted in this shorelines and floodplain corridors. Change Impacts in the United States. paper. While green infrastructure has Cambridge University Press, 189 pp. lower capacity than traditional stormwater • Establish greater connectivity Klug, J.L., D.C. Richardson, H.A. Ewing, practices (or “gray” infrastructure), amongst tributaries, floodplains, and B.R. Hargreaves, N.R. Samal, D. the LCBP report explains that green wetlands to mitigate flood risk. Vachon, D.C. Pierson, A.M. Lindsey, infrastructure can be effective when • Reconsider design standards for D.M. O’Donnell, S.W. Effler and K.C. dispersed throughout the landscape culvert sizing and backroads Weathers. 2012. Ecosystem effects of a (Figure 8). management (decisionmaking based tropical cyclone on a network of lakes These case studies illustrate why on the probabilities of past events is in northeastern North America. Environ sound shoreline and riparian zone no longer adequate). Sci Technol., 46(21):11693-701. management gain added importance http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ • Take into account recent precipitation in light of climate change, especially es302063v and temperature trends, as well as the in areas experiencing more frequent Lake George Association. 2016. Official most likely projected future climate heavy rain events. Though there are newsletter of the Lake George trends. still relatively few examples of climate Association. February 2016. 12 pp. adaptation and resilience plans for lakes, http://www.lakegeorgeassociation.org/ In this time of global change, building the experience and actions taken around documents/20160228FebNewsletter.pdf resilience and mitigating the impacts of lakes that are already feeling the effects National Climate Assessment. 2014. U.S. increases in extreme precipitation events of a changing climate highlight how Global Change Research Program, are becoming increasingly important existing management practices may need Washington, DC. http://nca2014. considerations for shoreline and riparian to be modified to account for current and globalchange.gov/report zone management of inland waters. projected future conditions: Simpson, M.H., L.J. Stack, J. Gruber, R. Wood, T. Crosslin, C. Lawson, R. • Establish shoreline buffer zones, References Roseen and J. Smith. 2012. Stormwater with larger and wider buffer zones on Dalton, M., S. Castle, and E. Howe. drainage system vulnerability, steeper slopes. 2015. Climate Change and Stormwater

12 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE capacity, and cost: Response to climate Lisa Borre is a senior amongst physical and biological processes change and population growth. Final research specialist at in lakes and the ocean and the use of science project report: Sectoral Applications the Cary Institute of in resource management. She is an adjunct Research Program FY2009, Climate Ecosystem Studies scientist at the Cary Institute for Ecosystem Program Office, National Oceanic and and a member of the Studies and a member of the GLEON. Atmospheric Administration. Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network Eric A. Howe is the Acknowledgments (GLEON). She is based in technical coordinator Thanks to Robert Wood, associate Annapolis, Maryland, and for the Lake Champlain executive director of the Lake Sunapee her work includes coordinating development Basin Program. He Protective Association; Patrick Dowd, of Lake Observer, a mobile application for coordinates the LCBP communications director at the Lake recording lake and water observations across Technical Advisory George Association; and Jeremy Farrell, the globe. Lisa co-founded LakeNet, a world Committee and manages In-Situ_SmarTROLL_Adresearcher ConceptLakeandBoat.pdf at the Darrin 3 2/4/2016 Fresh 12:53:04 Water PM lakes network that was active from 1998 to Basin-oriented research Institute for sharing their experiences 2008, and coordinated the Lake Champlain grants. His research and technical reports for use in this Basin Program, from 1990 to 1997. experience includes examining the effects article. We also wish to acknowledge of shoreline development on the quality of GLEON and the Reservoir and Lake Robyn L. Smyth is an shallow-water habitat in Vermont’s lakes and Management Working Group in particular assistant professor at ponds, sea lamprey management in Lake for contributing research and providing Bard College’s Center Champlain, acid deposition in the Adirondacks, a forum for sharing experiences about for Environmental aquatic plant management in Lake George, the role and response of lakes in a Policy in Annandale- water quality monitoring, and mitigating changing global environment. Finally, we on-Hudson, NY, where the impacts of climate change in the Lake acknowledge financial support from NSF she teaches courses Champlain watershed. c Award EF-#1137327 and the Henry Luce on climate change Foundation through an award to Bard and water resources College as part of the Luce Initiative on and environmental management. She is an Asian Studies and the Environment. aquatic scientist specializing in the interactions

Innovations in Water Monitoring

C I’m There When You Need Me M

Y I can access almost everything from my smartphone, so why not my monitoring

CM data? With In-Situ’s new Aqua TROLL® 600 Multiparameter Sonde featuring

MY wireless Bluetooth® connection to Android™ devices, now I can! Slick, app-based

CY control of con guration, calibration, and data transfer and analysis, make it a simple CMY and cost-eective solution. Plus, with a 9+ month battery life, fast-responding K sensors, and a exible handheld platform, it’s perfect for continuous monitoring and lake pro ling. It keeps me fast, mobile, and ecient – just the way I like it. Available for purchase or rent. Learn more at in-situ.com/lakeline

The New Aqua TROLL 600 Multiparameter Sonde

IN-SITU.COM/LAKELINE Be Mobile. | Be Smart. | Be In-Situ.

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 13 Shoreline Management

Partnering for Lake Protection in Vermont Judy Davis, Jeremy Deeds, and Perry Thomas

Judy’s Surprise Lake Seminar – a day-long program of to explore how to use social marketing hen I moved to a lakeshore speakers and workshops – and also brings concepts and approaches, as well as property in Craftsbury, Vermont, representatives of member associations emerging science, to encourage lakeshore Win 1997, I discovered that together at its own annual meeting to property owners to change their behaviors Craftsbury was one of the 37 percent of conduct business and to share lake issues around lakeshore vegetation. We Vermont towns that had no town zoning and solutions. Vermont has historically wondered how we could encourage native bylaws at all, including no shoreland used education and outreach to protect plant landscaping and an appreciation zoning or bylaws. For Craftsbury, the its lakes. Shoreland protection legislation of the beauty, benefits, and functions statewide environmental regulations of that was enacted in 1970 was passively of vegetation on lake shores. Most Act 250 come into play if a development repealed in 1975, and subsequent attempts clean-water social marketing campaigns project comprises more than 1 acre of at similar legislation were not successful. that were already in existence focused disturbed or impervious area. Most In 2008, with new board members on stormwater in urban areas, often residential and lakeshore development including the authors, FOVLAP began emphasizing best practices regarding projects do not meet this threshold. As of to expand its education and outreach storm drains, car washing, pet waste, and 2014, only 14 percent of Vermont towns activities, using modest grants, ranging lawns. They also focused on phosphorus, had adopted shoreland zoning that met from $3,000 to $10,000, from the or more generally “nutrients,” and minimum standards for lake protection. Vermont Fish & Wildlife Watershed sediment. We felt we needed a different Grant program, Green Mountain approach for the mostly rural landscape FOVLAP’s education and outreach Coffee Roasters, the South Lake around Vermont lakes. activities Champlain Fund, and the Vermont DEC We gathered focus groups, conducted The Federation of Vermont Lakes Environmental Restoration Program. an online MailChimp survey of lakeshore and Ponds (FOVLAP) is an association Early grants were used to develop a new property owners, incorporated recent of Lake Associations that has historically website (http://vermontlakes.org/) and science, and used ideas supported by worked with the Vermont Department graphic presence with a consistent look social marketing research to develop a of Environmental Conservation Lakes and feel, educate board members about program we called “Buffers for Blue and Ponds Program in an effort to spread website maintenance and using social Lakes.” We based the program on information about lake science and lake media, purchase viewing tubes and hand research that showed how small behavior- protection. Invasive species management lenses, and offer lake-focused educational change steps, once they are taken, lead and Lay Monitoring programs represent workshops (Figure 1). to more and larger steps (Granda et al. important intersections of volunteer and Working with Marketing Partners, a 2010). When volunteers knocked on doors state efforts. FOVLAP offers an annual marketing group in Burlington, we began and offered to install one energy-saving

Figure 1. FOVLAP website logo.

14 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE lightbulb, people who participated in the small step were more likely to take more energy-saving steps on their own. In this vein, we designed a buffer- in-a-kit, delivering to participants a set of plants, soil amendments to make the soil more acid, printed information about planting and caring for blueberries, and Buffer Zone flags to mark the planted area. The program also incorporated several social marketing ideas – incentives, prompts, reinforcements, a pledge, easy first steps, and modeling new social norms – along with a newly developed educational kit and video that demonstrated the connections between shoreland and littoral zone ecosystems. The Buffers for Blue Lakes program Figure 2. Buffers for Blue Lakes flags and magnets. was piloted in 2012 and then marketed in 2013 to lake associations and other interested groups and individuals through wondered if we could our email list of about 250 names. create a new education Volunteers from a lake association worked module that showed with FOVLAP volunteers to schedule a the connections Healthy Shores: Healthy Lakes workshop between healthy presentation and to recruit participants shoreland ecosystems on the lake who were willing to plant and healthy aquatic blueberry bushes. In the first few years, ecosystems. each participant received five blueberry bushes, soil amendment to acidify the Workshop format planting area soil, a Buffers for Blue We designed Lakes participant flag to display, small our workshops in Buffer Zone flags, refrigerator magnets, the spirit of informal and several printed items to help them science education plant and maintain their blueberries (Fenichel and and engage neighbors in discussions Schweingruber 2010). about the program (Figure 2). In 2015, We engaged audience lake associations expanded the planting members with options to include more blueberry bushes, different knowledge or a more diverse set of native shrubs. The and experiences by Healthy Shores: Healthy Lakes workshop providing multiple was scheduled to coincide with delivery ways to consider of the blueberry bushes. In the 2013-2015 littoral habitat and the period, the program was offered at 20 wildlife it supports. lakes, engaged 125+ participants, and Since we often met planted 800+ native shrubs (Figure 3). lake association Our survey indicated that a primary members at the home activity for many lakeshore dwellers of a shoreland property and lovers was wildlife viewing. We owner, we arrived Figure 3. Workshop kit and happy blueberry bush recipient. thought that an education module that early and explored incorporated the latest science about the shallow waters shoreland and lake ecosystems would nearby. If possible, we collected native viewing of macroinvertebrates during and appeal to these curious naturalists. aquatic plant material and a diversity after our presentation. Educational materials that were available of invertebrates (to be returned to the Since our surveys of lake association relating to lakes often drew a line at the lake after the workshop). Workshop members had indicated that nearly all shore, focusing on aquatic ecosystems participants who arrived early sometimes enjoyed observing wildlife, we started but not on the ecotone, or transitional joined us for these explorations. We our presentation by asking the audience area, where the water meets the land. We provided high-quality hand lenses for about wildlife they observed in and

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 15 around the lake. What were some of aufwuchs). After we discussed the role were replaced with non-native invasives. their favorites? Common responses were of each component in the littoral zone The result was an inhospitable shallow herons, loons, turtles, otters, and various habitat, we asked people to hold up cards water zone. Gone were the nursery and fish species. Occasionally we heard about of organisms that used that particular food. Gone was the shade that helped eagles and osprey. Sometimes participants habitat component. We never saw an protect the critical littoral habitat from the mentioned crayfish. Once someone incorrect response. Occasionally we impacts of global climate change. suggested an ermine. We explained that reminded the audience of additional After the demonstration, we our presentation focused on habitat that organisms that used a particular distributed handouts with additional supported the food web of which all the component. information about the role of lake buffer species mentioned were members. Once all the habitat components had zones in supporting wildlife. We reviewed We then focused on the traveling kit been introduced, and the audience had the width of buffers needed to support (Figure 4), starting with the tree branch a thorough understanding of the lake’s some of the wildlife species mentioned at that represented shoreland vegetation. littoral zone as nursery grounds and food the start of the workshop, such as fishes We pointed out coarse woody habitat, source, we demonstrated the impact of (100 feet) and turtles (400-900+ feet). small woody habitat, and leaf packs – all removing shoreland vegetation. First the The handout we used to support the buffer elements contributed by shoreline trees tree branch was removed, representing width discussion was developed by the and shrubs. We also discussed rocky clearing of the shoreline. With trees gone, Vermont Department of Environmental substrate and native aquatic plants. coarse and small woody habitat and leaf Conservation’s Lakes & Ponds Program. The presentation was interactive. packs disappeared – we removed those This handout includes not only an Audience members received cards components. Next we noted that the excellent graphic but also an extensive set representing different aquatic organisms: removal of shoreline buffers often led to of references – the research upon which adult fish, juvenile fish, aquatic insects erosion and accumulation of sediment – the figure was based (VDEC undated). (dragonflies, mayflies, caddisflies, beetles, we covered the rocky substrate with tan When time permitted, we described midges), reptiles and amphibians, native felt to represent sediment. Finally, as in some of the research studies done in plants, non-native plants, biofilm (a.k.a. many Vermont lakes, native aquatic plants Vermont to determine the state of littoral habitat (e.g., Merrell et al. 2013), focusing

Figure 4. Workshop kit components.

16 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE on the way that dragonflies were used as of all sizes, more leaf litter, less sand and encouraging lakeshore property owners an indicator species akin to a canary in the embeddedness, more dragonfly exuviae to add vegetation to their shores in order coal mine. and more biofilm in the littoral zone to protect the lake. FOVLAP’s 2013 grant Finally, we directed participants to (Merrell et al. 2009). Research by Merrell from the DEC Environmental Restoration a YouTube video that summarized the and her associates in 2012 reviewed Program continued some of the presentation (Deeds et al. 2015). By whether Maine’s shoreland zoning approaches used in the blueberry project: providing multiple ways of accessing standards were effective for protecting connecting with lakeshore property information about littoral ecology, we aquatic habitat (Merrell et al. 2013). owners through their lake associations supported a broad range of learning In 2014, the Vermont legislature or other lake volunteers and subsidizing styles and life experiences. As we look enacted the Shoreland Protection Act, revegetation projects. In this program, toward reimagining these workshops in which preserves vegetation on lake however, FOVLAP developed sample a post-shoreland-legislation Vermont, we shoreland, subject to a set of rules and landscape designs and provided plants and anticipate spending more time discussing permits, in a 100-foot-deep Shoreland labor for 20 projects that were $1,250 in the scientific research conducted behind Zone. Although existing vegetated size, with participants contributing $250. the scenes, including ways that citizens shoreland would now be managed, shores The projects included best practices for no can participate in monitoring Vermont’s that had already been cleared were still mow zones, paths, steps, and revegetation waters. targets of the FOVLAP programs that using native plants (Figures 5 and 6).

Related legislation In the period from 2008 to 2013, Vermont was actively reevaluating its approach to non-point source pollution. Results of the 2007 EPA National Lake Assessment and a parallel Vermont Lakes Assessment, a legal challenge to EPA’s approval of the Lake Champlain phosphorus TDML and EPA’s subsequent reversal of its approval, a renewed but unsuccessful effort to enact shoreland protection legislation, and significant damage from tropical storm Irene in Spring 2011, all led to Vermont Act 138 – a 2012 legislative order requiring the Agency of Natural Resources to review the science of and potential solutions for improving flood resiliency and water quality in Vermont (VDEC 2013). The National Lake Assessment and the parallel Vermont Lake Assessment indicated that shoreland disturbance and lack of littoral zone complexity were more important stressors in lakes than phosphorus and that the condition of shorelands and littoral zones in Vermont lakes was worse than lakes in the Northeast and worse than lakes nationally. In Vermont, research conducted by Kellie Merrell, Eric Howe, and Susan Warren focused squarely on shoreland development and the littoral zone. They asked the question “Is there an observed littoral biotope change in unbuffered, developed sites?” Their research demonstrated that shoreland with more vegetation (their reference sites) had significantly healthier littoral zones and, hence, healthier lakes. More tree cover meant more shading, more woody debris Figure 5. Lush and Leafy Lane perspective and section views.

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 17 Figure 6. Lush and Leafy Lane planting plan.

The ERP grant also included working Partnerships like this one are emerging Granda, C, M. Worzala and S. Hickox. with the City of Newport, Vermont, to among many of Vermont’s municipalities, 2010. Efficiency 101 on the Doorstep: create native plant landscape designs for regional planning commissions, Measuring the Impact of a Community- two park areas. Funds from additional watershed and lake associations, and other Driven CFL Campaign. http://www. grants allowed us to develop a wonderful conservation groups as momentum builds slideshare.net/OneChange/efficiency- booklet that includes sample landscape toward a concerted effort to improve 101-on-the-doorstep designs using native plants, perspective water quality statewide. Merrell, K., J. Deeds, M. Mitchell and drawings, a list of native plants and R. Bouchard. 2013. Determining if their characteristics, along with planting References Maine’s mandatory shoreland zoning guidelines (Davis et al. 2015). Davis, J., H. Greenleaf, S. Hurley and G. act standards are effective at protecting With new legislation in place, Zeitz. 2015. A Guide to Healthy Lakes aquatic habitat. Vermont Department FOVLAP continues to expand its Using Lakeshore Landscaping: Design of Environmental Conservation. 8 Jun education and outreach activities, and templates and easy-to-use planting 2016. http://dec.vermont.gov/sites/ continues to encourage property owners plans. Montpelier: Federation of dec/files/wsm/lakes/Lakewise/docs/ to add native vegetation to their shores. Vermont Lakes and Ponds. 8 Jun 2016. lp_mainezoning.pdf Since the Vermont Shoreland Protection http://vermontlakes.org/wp-content/ Merrell, K., E. Howe and S. Warren. Act only applies to new clearing and uploads/VTLakescapingBooklet.9.9.15. 2009. Examining Shorelines, Littorally. new construction, voluntary restoration pdf LakeLine, 29(1): 10-15. of previously cleared areas by shoreland Deeds, J. 2015. Lake habitat: life in the VDOC. 2013. Water Quality Remediation, property owners continues to be an shallows. FOVLAP Videos YouTube. 8 Implementation and Funding Report. important piece of the lake conservation June 2016. https://www.youtube.com/ Part I: Clean Water Needs, Financial puzzle in Vermont. FOVLAP now watch?v=7gHW81mD1vY Tools, and Administration Part II: Lake partners with the Vermont Department of Fenichel, M. and H.A. Schweingruber. Shoreland Protection and Restoration Environmental Conservation’s Lake Wise 2010. Surrounded by Science: Learning Management Options. Montpelier: program (VDEC undated) to promote Science in Informal Environments. Vermont Department of Environmental lake-friendly shoreline management. Washington: National Academies Press. Conservation. 12 Jun 2016. http://dec.

18 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE vermont.gov/sites/dec/files/wsm/erp/ environmental educator, docs/Act-138-Report-Water-Quality- Perry discovered Funding-Report-Jan-2013.pdf the world of lake VDEC, undated. Widths of lakeshore management through vegetation for lake protection. volunteer work with Vermont Department of Environmental lake and watershed Conservation, Lakes and Ponds associations. She Program, 8 Jun 2016. http:// served as president dec.vermont.gov/sites/dec/files/ of the Federation of wsm/lakes/Lakewise/docs/lp_ Vermont Lakes and Ponds from 2008 to Banff National Park has shorelandbufferwidths.pdf 2012. c in excess of 1,000 glaciers VDOC, undated. What is Lake Wise? Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation Lakes and Ponds Program. 8 Jun 2016. http://dec. vermont.gov/watershed/lakes-ponds/ lakeshores-lake-wise/what Vigen, M. and S. Mazur-Stommen. 2012. Reaching the “high-hanging fruit” through behavior change: how community-based social marketing puts energy savings within reach. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. 8 Jun 2016. http://aceee.org/ Reduce WTP operating costs white-paper/high-hanging-fruit caused by algae blooms

Judy Davis lives off the grid in Craftsbury, Vermont. A former software engineer, Judy has volunteered much of her time over the past ten years to bring attention to the need for shoreland restoration and protection in Vermont. She served as a board member and treasurer of the “With SolarBee circulators, water quality becomes better and better every year.” Federation of Vermont Lakes and Ponds. James A. Brown, Water production manager, Newton County, GA

Jeremy Deeds, formerly Eliminate taste and odor, restore water quality of the Vermont Agency with SolarBee® circulators SolarBee® circulators of Natural Resources, have reduced costs in over has returned to his 150 raw-water reservoirs Blue-green algae blooms on Lake Varner required Newton native state and is County, GA, to use enhanced carbon treatments to prevent currently an aquatic taste and odor complaints. The raw-water lake serves ecologist with the Lakes 150,000 people and is a prime fishing destination. Seeking a Assessment Section of lower-cost alternative, County officials installed SolarBee circulators to treat 300 acres of the 800-acre lake in front of the Maine Department • Partial or whole lake treatments the WTP. The blooms disappeared and so did the need to • Low maintenance, 24/7 operation of Environmental Protection. Jeremy continues treat for taste and odor. The County cut treatment costs to study linkages between lakeshore condition, enough to pay for the circulators in three years. • BeeKeeper factory service program littoral habitat, and the biological communities Find out how to restore your lake. of lakes and ponds. Read our white paper, “Why circulate?” Perry Thomas, Ph.D., has been the Lakes www.medoraco.com/LakesResto & Ponds Program manager for the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation since February 2015. After 25 years as an Medora Corporation • Dickinson, ND • 866-437-8076 • www.medoraco.com Brands of Medora Corporation

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 19 Shoreline Management

Wisconsin’s Public-Private Lakes Partnership Grows New Layers Patrick Goggin and Pamela Toshner

wo new wrinkles have been added to following 2007 and 2012 iterations of Healthy Lakes’ goal is to protect the Wisconsin Lakes Partnership’s the Environmental Protection Agency’s and improve the health of our Wisconsin Tcapacity for building public- National Lakes Assessment. Each of lakes by increasing lakeshore property private partnerships around shoreline these studies identified nationally and in owner participation in habitat restoration management, namely the Healthy Wisconsin lakeshore habitat loss as the and runoff and erosion control projects. Lakes initiative and a lakeshore habitat major stressor for declining lake health. Five best practices were identified for the restoration training for professionals. Each These data affirmed trends found in initiative (see Table 1). These practices of these efforts fills a gap in Wisconsin’s other lake health research collected in are intended to be simple, relatively approach to lake conservation: They assist Wisconsin over the last few decades. inexpensive, and easy to implement. Each state partners in becoming more effective Messages received through assorted of the best practices relies on existing at bolstering lakeshore habitat restoration Healthy Lakes team assessments included technical guidance linked to the best and enhancing water quality. downsizing the scale of lakefront property current science available. Lakeshore projects to more manageable and doable property owners choose to do the Why now with a Healthy Lakes first steps a property owner can install. practices on their own or they can reach initiative? Customers sought simpler land and water out to their local lake group and other The first idea, called Healthy Lakes, conservation best practices and support eligible community partners for financial was born out of assorted customer materials to give them the confidence and assistance through the grant along with feedback mechanisms, including targeted technical know-how for do-it-yourself technical support for their project. The feedback from a survey of business and approaches to waterfront property practices are utilized beyond just the land/ county partners, informal and formal management. Partners also requested water interface; they provide options for evaluations from lake leaders statewide, a streamlined and less bureaucratic holistic lakeshore management throughout and information gleaned in our last Wisconsin Department of Natural the entire property, from the upland areas, ten-year Wisconsin Lakes Partnership Resources (WDNR) lake grant application to the transition zone at the water’s edge, strategic planning process. Further, process. to in-lake habitat like fish sticks (Figure it was deemed even more important 1).

Table 1. A Listing of the Healthy Lakes Initiative Five Best Practices. Best practice Description 1. Fish sticks – create fish and wildlife Fish sticks are feeding, breeding, and nesting areas for assorted critters – from fish to song birds. habitat. They can also help prevent bank erosion, protecting lakeshore properties and your lake. 2. 350 ft.2 native planting – improve Native plantings include grasses, sedges, rushes, and wildflowers along with a woody component wildlife habitat, natural beauty and of shrubs and trees. Lakeshore property owners choose a prescribed option with a list of suitable privacy, and decrease water runoff. plants based on the owner’s property and project goals – from bird/butterfly habitat to low-growing shoreline gardens that showcase the lake view. 3. Diversion practices – prevent runoff Diversion practices move water to vegetated areas or an infiltration practice where it can soak into from getting to the waterbody. the ground instead of transporting dirt and pollutants into your lake. Depending on your property, multiple diversions may be necessary. 4. Rock infiltration practices – capture Rock infiltration practices fit in nicely along roof drip lines and driveways by providing space and clean water runoff. for water to runoff into and it then can filter back into the ground over time. Infiltration pits and trenches work best if your soil type is sandy or loamy. 5. Rain gardens – create wildlife habitat Rain gardens multi-task – they improve wildlife habitat with native plant diversity and provide a and natural beauty while capturing and zone for infiltration of water runoff. They also add natural beauty to a property owner’s lakeshore cleaning water runoff. view.

20 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE Assistance is available, but do-it-yourselfers encouraged The team that designed Healthy Lakes originally did so to streamline Wisconsin’s Public-Private Lakes grant funding. As it turns out, they also made it much easier for lakeshore property owners or – in the case of some Partnership Grows New Layers of the best practices – any landowner to install Healthy Lakes practices on their Patrick Goggin and Pamela Toshner own. Each best practice includes an accompanying fact sheet describing cost ranges and averages, a materials list, time necessary to complete the project, and general step-by-step instructions. If the fact sheets seem reasonable, folks can turn to the more detailed technical guidance referenced in the fact sheet to complete a project. You can access these materials at www.healthylakeswi.com. Eligible grant applicants can apply for up to $25,000 in Healthy Lakes grant funding on behalf of multiple lakeshore property owners. Each lakeshore property can get up to $1,000 per best practice Figure 1. A water bird perches over a fish sticks best practice installation example in northern to help with installation costs from the Wisconsin. Photo: Pamela Toshner, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. sponsor’s grant.

A statewide partnership with early adopters leading by example Forty-eight property owners on 15 lakes throughout Wisconsin received grant funding to implement 100 best practices in 2015 – Healthy Lakes’ debut year. The projects ranged from a flowage in the northwest, to more urban and developed lakes in the south, and other lake types in between. The WDNR provides these Healthy Lakes grants to eligible applicants, including qualified lake associations, lake districts, county- wide lake groups, nonprofit conservation organizations, tribal nations, and local governments. These groups, in turn, reach out to interested property owners or vice versa to install Healthy Lakes practices on their lakefront properties. Walking the talk of protecting and improving lakes is a strong theme for Heathy Lakes early adopters (Figure 2). Many of our first participants in years 1 Figure 2. Beaver Dam Lake resident Bill Foley joins Healthy Lakes team members Patrick and 2 of the grant were lake group leaders. Goggin, Pamela Toshner, and Tom Onofry in giving Beaver Dam Lake resident Bill Boettge a big thumbs up for being an early adopter with his 350 ft.2 native planting Healthy Lakes project; Additional participants are stepping note the Healthy Lakes sign in the frame. Photo: Amy Kowalski, UW-Extension Lakes/Wisconsin Lakes forward to follow their lead. Property Partnership. owner interest more than doubled in 2016 with 109 property owners on 27 lakes participating (Figure 3). These projects Wrinkle two – a lakeshore habitat is a new training for professionals include 143 best practices slated for restoration training for professionals on lakeshore habitat restoration. Our implementation statewide in the coming The second addition to Wisconsin’s partnership recognized that a uniform, months. statewide approach to healthier lakes statewide training for lakeshore habitat Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 21 • receive guiding principles for effective site design and installation, project maintenance and long-term care, and project monitoring; • get in tune with Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) lake grants and Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection (DATCP) cost-sharing available to partially fund lakeshore habitat restoration work; • examine the usual contents of a sound lakeshore habitat restoration plan and see example timelines for the project planning process; • glean a better understanding for state regulations, standards, and policies important to completing well-thought- out and compliant lakeshore habitat restorations; • learn about how and why we utilize native plants in lakeshore habitat restoration projects; • hear a business profile from a Green Industry partner and a government profile from a local county partner engaged in lakeshore habitat restoration projects; • bolster local economies around Wisconsin through increased Green Figure 3. A Wisconsin map delineating Healthy Lakes grant funded project locations for 2015. Industry work on lakeshore habitat Map by Dan McFarlane, UWSP Center for Land Use Education. restoration projects; • build a peer support network and cadre restoration was needed for new green Themes explored in the lakeshore of lakeshore health enthusiasts and industry partners, staff in county zoning habitat restoration training professionals they can partner with on lakeshore habitat restoration work in the and land conservation departments, tribal The training sessions help future; communities, state natural resource staff, participants to: and non-government partners. • become more effective and valuable • review basic ideas, concepts, and Beginning in 2014, the Wisconsin at their job by learning and interacting characteristics related to lakeshore Lakes Partnership began sponsoring the with our diverse audience and course ecology such as soils, natural statewide training, aimed at those who speakers; and communities, and zones of habitat; perform and/or oversee lakeshore habitat • discover several tips and constructive • reconsider past and current research restoration projects on inland lakes ideas for working effectively with trends related to lakeshores, view links with lower energy sites. The training is private landowners, agency staff, to current water quality and lakeshore an interactive learning experience for and green industry professionals health status, and receive an update on attendees, assisting them with approaches as a coordinated team in designing the findings of the ten-year Wisconsin and methodologies that yield sound and implementing lakeshore habitat Lakeshore Restoration Project including lakeshore habitat restoration projects. restoration projects. Participants receive a comprehensive set some essential lessons learned; of presentation notes, supporting handouts • gain insight into the common best Training certification and on-line materials, and other references management practices employed in Certification requires participation in for use as a lakeshore restoration lakeshore habitat restorations including one of the two-day classroom instruction practitioner (Figure 4 and Figure 5). bioengineering techniques and sessions of the training offered twice approaches; each year; attendance at the one-day written exam/field day fall session is

22 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 60+ graduates. A breakdown of crew 1 & 2 participants by partner type is provided in Table 2.

Let’s make healthy lakes together! Studies in Wisconsin and from around North America repeatedly show that as lakeshore development increases, natural habitat decreases. The end result is fewer fish, frogs, loons, and other features that draw us to lakeshores in the first place, as well as declining privacy, property values, and water quality. These two new tangents to the Wisconsin Lakes Partnership approach to lake conservation have taken off and made our collective more effective at assisting waterfront property owners with shoreline management. Both wrinkles rely on the old, time-tested Wisconsin method of joining the public and private interests together for healthier lakes. With over 15,000 lakes, there is still plenty of work Figure 4. Crew 1 lakeshore training participants pepper erosion control product representatives to do! But if people continue to come with questions on material types and their uses in lakeshore habitat restoration projects at together for similar goals, anything is the field day in late September 2014.Photo: Amy Kowalski, UW-Extension Lakes/Wisconsin Lakes possible. Partnership. Acknowledgements Wisconsin’s Healthy Lakes initiative and corresponding technical information and grant funding are the results of a collaborative and participatory team effort. We would like to thank the staff, agency, business, and citizen partners, including Advanced Lake Leaders, who provided essential feedback for our team, including the many partners who completed a customer survey and provided valuable comments during the public review of proposed WDNR guidance. We would also like to express our gratitude to the following contributors and information sources, respectively: Cheryl Clemens, Karen Engelbretson, John Haack, Dave Kafura, Amy Kowalski, Jesha LaMarche, Flory Olson, Tim Parks, Bret Shaw, Shelly Thomsen, Scott Toshner, Bone Lake Management District, Maine Lake Smart Program, and the Vermont Lake Wise Figure 5. Crew 1 lakeshore training participants watch and discuss an erosion control product Program. Appreciation also goes to the and water runoff demonstration at the American Excelsior Erosion Lab in Rice Lake, Wisconsin, Michigan Natural Shoreland Partnership, September 2014. Photo: Amy Kowalski, UW-Extension Lakes/Wisconsin Lakes Partnership. North American Stormwater and Erosion Control Association (NASECA) also required. Those who successfully UW-Extension Lakes website indicating Wisconsin Chapter, UW-Extension complete the course, exam, and field they have successfully completed the Lakes staff, and the team at the American component are issued a certificate of training. Two crews have successfully Excelsior ErosionLab for their support completion and then they are listed on the completed the training to date, with some and partnership in the lakeshore training.

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 23 Table 2. Crew 1 and 2 Participants Makeup for the Lakeshore habitat Restoration Training for Professionals in 2014-2015.

Partner type # of attendees Lake Leaders – lake organization lakeshore restoration project coordinators / lake citizens 6 Sole proprietary green industry businesses / consultants 9 Small to medium green industry businesses / consultants 7 County staff – Zoning and Planning / Land and Water Conservation Departments 23 State agency staff – Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) – Water Resource Management Specialists, 8 Lakes LTE’s, and lake coordinators / Department of Trade, Agriculture, and Consumer Protection (DATCP) – conservation engineers Non-governmental organizations – Resource Conservation and Development Councils / Land Conservancies or Trusts 6 University System – UW-Extension nature center; Lake Superior Research Institute 3 Total participants 62

Patrick Goggin is a of lake management, lake ecology, leadership Her areas of interest lake specialist for the development and capacity building of lake include enjoying anything University of Wisconsin- citizens, and the native flora and fauna of outdoors and on the Extension Lakes of Wisconsin Lakeshores. You may reach Patrick at water from fishing and the Wisconsin Lakes [email protected]. water-skiing to Boundary Partnership, located in Waters camping; she the College of Natural Pamela Toshner is a lake biologist and regional also loves cross-country Resources at the lake coordinator for the Wisconsin Department skiing her way through University of Wisconsin- of Natural Resources. She is the team leader for Wisconsin winters. Stevens Pont. He assists people of the lakes the Healthy Lakes initiative as well as a regional You may reach Pamela at Pamela.Toshner@ with educational programming and materials. resource for lake groups and other partners wisconsin.gov. c His areas of interest include human dimensions interested in lake management and protection.

Aeration Plus Technology • Super Oxygen (O2-) has 12 times more oxidation power than plain oxygen. 100% natural. • Raises DO levels faster. Suction • Cleans both Water Column and Sediment Hose • Abatement of: • Harmful bacteria and odors Super Oxygen • Cyanobacteria / Algae Return Hose • Excessive nutrients • Covers 1/2 mile radius and 100' plus depth • Electricity costs $0.30 per hour and runs 24/7 if required Call 800-262-2275

Premier Materials Technology, Inc. 7401 Central Avenue NE , Minneapolis, MN 55432 www.premierwatertreatment.com

24 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE Shoreline Management

Restore Your Shore: A Community- Based Social Marketing Approach Sue Buckle and Dan Walters

nce upon a time, the backbone strategy that incorporated collaboration cyanobacteria blooms that occur in of every environmental public with community groups as well as public the watershed are related to external Oeducation program or awareness commitments and recognition through a and internal sources of phosphorus campaign was a three-fold brochure or a website, social media, media, and signage contributions. The SP Plan called upon flyer. There was a simple, yet misguided (www.restoreyourshore.ca). the five municipalities to develop and belief that once people were given factual, implement an education and outreach credible, information they would be The Callander-Wistiwasing (Wasi) program to help reduce the phosphorus enlightened and instantly do the right Subwatershed contributions to the watershed and thing for our environment. Just south of North Bay, Ontario, increase the retention of phosphorus in Numerous studies document Canada (3.5 hours north of Toronto) plants and soils. (See Figure 1.) that while education might improve the 336-km2 Callander-Wasi watershed Phosphorus enters waterways via knowledge, alone it often has little or no flows through a series of cottage, runoff and erosion, when phosphorus- effect upon creating sustainable behavior. residential, agricultural, commercial, bound sediments, either recent or historic, As a result, programs that focus on flyers, and undeveloped land uses into Lake are disturbed by fast-moving water, direct mail, and hand-outs have very little Nipissing’s Callander Bay. Callander human activity, wildlife activity, waves, or possibility of prompting people to change Bay is also the source of drinking water wind. Human sources of phosphorus can their behavior or take action to solve an for the residents of the Municipality of include malfunctioning septic or lagoon environmental problem. Callander, the most populated area within systems as well as fertilizer applications In Northern Ontario, five the watershed with 3,800 residents. for agriculture, lawn, and garden that can municipalities that share the Callander- The watershed is a cornerstone of the run into lakes, rivers, and streams when Wasi subwatershed came together under economic and social health and well-being more is applied than plants can use. the leadership of the North Bay-Mattawa of the region offering spectacular scenery The SP Plan set the framework Conservation Authority (NBMCA) to take as well as four seasons of activities. In for the program: identify the desired a different approach to engage residents in summer, residents and visitors enjoy actions and/or behaviors, as well as the helping protect their watershed from the the many benefits of the lakes, rivers, goals, timeline, deliverables, and desired growth of blue-green algae. and streams. While swimming, boating, outcomes and to include a process for Based on the principles of and fishing are popular activities, bird measuring the outcomes. The program Community-Based Social Marketing watching, mountain biking, and hiking plan needed to identify the benefits of (CBSM), the Restore Your Shore Program are drawing people into the outdoor engaging in the desired behaviors, as well was developed with the help of a diverse environment. In winter it becomes a as the barriers, and incorporate a variety 25-member stakeholder advisory group playground for ice fishing, cross country of strategies and tools to overcome the to reduce phosphorus loadings to the skiing, snowmobiling, and skating. Spring barriers. The program needed to take waterways, increase the amount of and fall offer great experiences for hunters into consideration the principles of social phosphorus bound in plant material and and anglers and those who love to travel marketing as a strategy for fostering the soil, and engage people in behaviors and during the quieter “off season.” desired behaviors and actions. activities to achieve these two goals. The impetus for the Restore Your Community-based social marketing In 2015, 36 rural, cottage, Shore Program came from the North (CBSM), developed by environmental agricultural, and urban properties in Bay-Mattawa Drinking Water Assessment psychologist Dr. Doug McKenzie Mohr, the Callander-Wistiwasing watershed Report and Source Protection (SP) Plan, (www.cbsm.com) applies behavioral were planted at no cost to the property called for by the Ontario Clean Water Act, psychology to create sustainable owners with over 5,000 trees, shrubs and 2006. The Assessment Report and SP Plan behaviors. This approach is based on three herbaceous plants along more than 1.8 identified that microcystin LR (a toxin key principles: it values local knowledge km of streambanks and shorelines. The that may be produced by cyanobacteria) and personal interaction; it’s designed to program reach extended further through could impact the source of Callander’s remove barriers to behavior change; it a communications/public education municipal drinking water. The occasional leads to measurable behavior change.

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 25 phosphorus loading and harmful algal blooms. Storm-based event sampling in Wasi River captures the total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphorus loading into Callander Bay. Internal phosphorus loading in Callander Bay is monitored using a marine buoy and bi-weekly water chemistry, phytoplankton, and chlorophyll-a samples collected during the off-ice season. Ontario’s Clean Water Act requires that Source Protection Plans include monitoring and reporting of plan implementation. The collaborations with Nipissing University and Ministry of Environment and Climate Change help complete this task (Figures 2 and 3). A ten-minute online survey and four targeted focus groups helped capture local knowledge about water quality and identify baseline awareness and behaviors surrounding fertilizers, buffer strips, septic system maintenance and run-off, factors that can influence the amount of phosphorus reaching waterways. The survey was promoted through municipal websites and newsletters, media releases, Figure 1. Mayors and representatives of the five municipalities – Callander, Chisholm Twp., East Ferris, North Bay, and Powassan – along with representatives of the North Bay-Mattawa advertisement in local newspapers, at Conservation Authority and North Bay-Mattawa Drinking Water Source Protection Committee, community events, and presentations. came together to launch the RYS Program during a media event at Callander Bay. Copies were also available at the municipal offices.

Community collaboration in Unit, Nipissing University faculty, finding solutions and three provincial ministries – To capture local knowledge, engage agriculture, natural resources, and individuals, and create champions with environment. a sphere of influence to promote the Elected and planning program, NBMCA formed an advisory representatives of the five committee, with a broad representation of municipalities – Callander, stakeholders to reflect the demographics Chisholm Twp., East Ferris, North and interests of the watershed. Bay, and Powassan – took part, NBMCA hosted a one-day CBSM training along with community members workshop for the advisory committee from the Wasi Lake Property members. An invitation was extended Owners & Friends, the Ontario to other environmentally interested Federation of Agriculture, Ontario community groups and agencies to help Soils and Crop Improvement build community capacity for developing Association, Nipissing effective environmental stewardship Naturalists, Callander Community programs throughout the region. More Enhancement Group, and the than 50 individuals from 23 different Greater Nipissing Stewardship organizations took part in the one-day Council. training. Nipissing University’s Figure 2. NBMCA and Nipissing University partner The advisory committee was faculty of geography is a for ongoing research in the watershed. NBMCA comprised of representatives of the key partner and collaborator collects samples to be analyzed for total phosphorus urban, rural, agricultural, cottaging, with NBMCA on a variety of concentration at the Ontario Ministry of the environmental, and business communities, initiatives in the Callander-Wasi Environment and Climate Change lab at the Dorset along with technical, policy, and science- watershed, including ongoing Environmental Science Centre as part of the Lake based professionals from NBMCA, the research and water-quality Partner’s Program. Pictured: Joel Harrison, NBMCA North Bay-Parry Sound District Health monitoring with a focus on water resources specialist.

26 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE knowledge, degree of effort, and attitudes regarding plants on a shoreline including attractiveness and loss of view, recreational area, or farmable land. Perceived personal benefits included enhanced aesthetics, discouragement of geese, less lawn to cut, and pride in being an environmental steward. The environmental benefits of shoreline planting include retention of phosphorus, improvement of fish habitat, stabilization of streambanks, and prevention of erosion and run-off (see Figure 5). A key motivator for landowners was a cost-share program for plant materials. Another major motivator was being able to see a natural shoreline that was aesthetically pleasing, maintained usable space and view, and used species that thrived in the local area. In general, landowners wanted to be “shown” rather than “told.” Landowners responded positively to the idea that their local municipalities may install a demonstration site. (Two were implemented.) Landowners also liked the idea of complimentary site visits that would help them develop a planting plan. When door- Figure 3. Nipissing University Research: A buoy deployed in Callander Bay from May to to-door visits were discussed, landowners October collects high frequency data including temperature, weather, dissolved oxygen, felt it would be best to have the visits by pH, Chlorophyll-a. The ongoing research helps inform future strategies for the watershed’s invitation or appointment. management and social marketing programs. (Left to right) Krystopher Chutko, David McCorkel, The CBSM “tool box” for developing and Dan Walters. those strategies and overcoming the barriers includes: The advisory committee then: participation in those activities, and the • Gaining public commitment to extent to which the activity is already undertake an action • reviewed existing science and research being undertaken. about phosphorus in the Callander- • Creating a “social norm” around the Wasi watershed, including water Three questions were asked: activity (Figure 6) quality monitoring results, agricultural • Is it already being done? • Creating effective messaging site visits, erosion assessments and a • • Enhancing the motivation to act by phosphorus budget (which found that How likely are people to do the offering incentives 46% percent of the total phosphorus behavior? load in Callander Bay is from human • Will the behavior make a difference? • Making it easy, convenient for the public to undertake the activity sources and since 1955, phosphorus As a result, the committee concentrations have remained above the recommended that shoreline planting be Restore Your Shore achieved those provincial water quality objectives); the focus activity for the Callander-Wasi goals by: • considered best management practices, watershed and Restore Your Shore was research in phosphorus-reducing born (see Figure 4). • offering free shoreline assessments, activities; planting plans, plants, and planting Overcoming barriers, assistance as incentives • reviewed the effectiveness and lessons maximizing benefits learned of other CBSM phosphorus- • selecting plants that take into account reducing programs elsewhere in CBSM programs are designed around the site conditions and preferences Ontario; and identifying the barriers and benefits to of the property owners including participation in an activity. waterfront views and access • assessed the potential degree of impact Through the focus groups, four • of a variety of phosphorus-reducing barriers for the shoreline planting asking property owners to approve activities, the likelihood of public program emerged: cost, technical the planting plants, sign a written commitment to maintain the plantings Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 27 for five years and consent to publication of their photo and name • selecting language and messaging that focus on benefits, avoiding perceived negatives • publicly acknowledging participants and encouraging community participation through on-site signage and an interactive web map • engaging volunteers, community groups, and advisory committee members in planting events One of the focus group discussions surrounded language. Participants were asked how they felt and what they visualized when they heard various terms. There was a negative reaction to “shoreline naturalization” (too wild), “natural shorelines” (unruly, unattractive) and “vegetated buffer strips” (too technical – what’s a buffer strip anyway?). As a result, and with the intent to create a new social norm, messaging focused on “Planting for cleaner water – you can too!” This tagline was part of the graphic branding for the program which included a stylized logo on all the communication and promotional tools (Figures 7 and 8).

Recognition – a step toward creating a social norm The website www.restoreyourshore. ca was a key communication and education tool for the program. In addition to promoting the program and providing public recognition of the participants, it Figure 4. Before (top) and after (bottom). This cottage property was planted with 6 trees, 21 hosts an interactive map that includes shrubs and 63 perennials on the south shore of Wasi Lake. Approximately 20 meters (66 feet) the locations, photographs, and details of shoreline were planted covering a total of 40 sq m (430 sq ft), leaving a 13-meter (42-foot) of the plantings. Public commitment and access path to the water. Trees, shrubs, and plants included white cedar, white spruce, elderberry, recognition are part of the framework buttonbush, smooth wild rose, bush honeysuckle, sweet gale, and serviceberry as well as celandine poppy, bee balm, Virginia mountain mint, New England aster, and blue vervain. of community based social marketing, strategies that help move shoreline planting into the realm of a “social norm.” The website also includes sample Community Based Social Marketing, planting plans for cottage, lakefront, a strategy coined by Douglas MacKenzie-Mohr (www.cbsm.com) and rural shoreline properties, a guide to native plants suited for shoreline • Focus on environmentally sustainable behaviors – not just information conditions, as well links to information • Identifies barriers and benefits to engage in a specific behavior about cyanobacteria/blue-green algae. A • Incorporates motivators/incentives to overcome barriers YouTube video was created and is also hosted on the site. • Utilizes prompts and commitments to ensure effectiveness Several municipalities in the • Creates new social norms watershed have established 15 meters (49 ft) as the standard for shoreline buffer • Finds champions with a sphere of influence to promote the program strips, a bylaw that kicks in when new site plan control agreements or development

28 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE Figure 6: Property owners agreed to post this recognition sign on their shorelines and at the end of their driveways, visible to boaters and/or passersby. This CBSM strategy fosters shoreline planting as a “social norm” by acknowledging the behavior in a positive way and engaging others through the statement “you can too!”

permits are issued for shoreline and streambank properties. Because Restore Your Shore is a voluntary program and focus groups had strong objections to the 15-meter set-back, the Restore Your Shore coordinator who conducted the site visits worked with the property owners on the premise of a “good,” “better,” “best” plan. Time was spent educating and encouraging them to plant as much of the shoreline as possible to have a positive environmental impact. Figure 5. Chisholm Twp Beach and Callander Waterfront Park. Focus group participations Funding for the 2015 program was expressed a desire to see the municipalities show leadership in shoreline restoration of public provided by the five municipalities, which properties. Volunteers joined NBMCA staff to plant the Chisholm Twp Beach on Wasi Lake (top) received monies through Ontario’s Source and a community park while Youth Stewardship Rangers from the Ministry of Natural Resources Protection Municipal Implementation and Forestry helped plant trees and shrubs on Callander’s shoreline at the municipal waterfront. Fund from the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change. Additional grants were obtained from Ontario’s Great Lakes Drinking Water Source Protection Program – Guardian Community Fund as well as the The Clean Water Act, 2006 Canadian Environmental Damages Fund. The Clean Water Act, 2006, introduced a new level of protection for Ontario’s Initial funding for the Restore Your Shore program was tied specifically to drinking water resources that focuses on protecting water before it enters the the Callander-Wasi watershed. The North drinking water treatment system. Source protection involves delineating sources Bay-Mattawa Conservation Authority of drinking water, identifying and ranking threats to those sources of drinking has secured additional funding to take the water, determining the appropriate response to the drinking water threats, taking program’s momentum and lessons learned action, and monitoring progress (www.actforcleanwater.ca). and extend the program to its entire jurisdiction in 2016.

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 29 Sue Buckle is the supervisor of communications and outreach at the North Bay-Mattawa Conservation Authority. A former journalist, her communications efforts focus on community engagement and collaboration, strategic communications and social marketing. She can be reached at [email protected].

Dan Walters is an associate professor of geography at Nipissing University. His research focuses on water governance, in particular the implementation of nutrient management, Figure 7. Preserving access to the lake and having grass between the plantings was important to this property owner. Ten meters (33 feet) of shoreline saw 4 trees, 30 shrubs and 40 perennials wetland protection, planted with coco discs instead of mulch to preserve some grass, while maintaining a 20-meter and harmful algal bloom policies. He can be (65-ft) wide access to the waterfront. contacted at [email protected]. c

Next Issue – Fall 2016 LakeLine

In our next issue we follow up this Shoreline Management topic with, appropriately, an issue devoted to the broader issue of Watershed Management. We’ll include a number of success stories and some lessons for what works and what doesn’t. c

Figure 8. This Callander Bay property saw 26.1 meters (85.5 feet) of grass-covered shoreline on either side of the dock planted with 81 shrubs and 153 perennials. Plants included windflower, purple cornflower, bush honeysuckle, white beard tongue, cardinal flower, blazing star, thimbleberry, and smooth wild rose. Planting plans took into consideration the property owner’s preferences for view, accessibility, and aesthetics. The Bow River in Banff flows as far as Hudson’s Bay

30 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE Shoreline Management

The Natural Edge: Healthy Shorelines with Functionality in Mind Courney Allison

horelines play an important role in water, keeping flooding to a minimum by aquatic and terrestrial species that depend the ecological health of waterbodies. slowing the movement of the water and on this crucial area. Second, this program SThey help filter pollutants, making excess water spread horizontally intends to ensure that riparian zones protect against erosion leading to less across the floodplain. They have also been remain vibrant and healthy. The program sedimentation, and provide habitat for known to maintain normal water levels offers an educational approach to teach both aquatic and terrestrial species. This by slowly releasing water back into the the landowners about the importance of segment of land, which stretches from waterbody during times of drought. the robust riparian zone, as well as their where the land meets the water and The vegetation right along the role as shoreline stewards in preserving reaches inland 10 to 15 meters (also called shoreline is responsible for holding and caring for their shoreline. Education the riparian zone), is one of the Earth’s the soil together, which in turn reduces is imperative when it comes to protecting most ecologically productive places. erosion, resulting in a sizeable decrease our environment. It’s up to 500 percent more diverse than in the amount of sediments from being As manicured lawns increasingly upland areas and roughly 90 percent of released into the water. This keeps these diminish once vegetated shorelines, all terrestrial and aquatic species will sediments from being transported and natural landscapes take on a much more need to use this area at one point in deposited in other areas of the waterbody, urbanized appearance. While developing their life whether they are born there or which is key as sedimentation can the program at Watersheds Canada, it was need it for food and protection (Ford smother critical spawning habitat. This important to first find the disassociation 2008). Unfortunately, with the increase area is also important for all forms of between shoreline property owners and in demand for cottages and waterfront wildlife. Without it, species lose a source the natural environment. Without finding properties, this critical area is at risk of of protection, food, nesting and den the source of this disconnect, the program vanishing. material, shelter, and resting sites. would not be successful. Based on data However, it is far from being entirely acquired through research and interviews, The issues arising from doom and gloom. Our shorelines and it became apparent that the issue shoreline clearing waterbodies are not completely out of stemmed from a lack of understanding Often, when individuals purchase a luck. Even the completely degraded ones regarding the importance of the riparian new cottage or waterfront home, priorities have some hope. The beauty with the zone. include acquiring a perfect view or vibrant natural world lies within its incredible Landowners love their shoreline green lawn to play on, consequentially ability to bounce back from just about property and value the resources their leading to the removal of the vegetation any negative impact that it faces. This is waterbody has to offer, however, along the shore. What many fail to realize where Watersheds Canada’s Natural Edge many people do not understand how is that in doing this, they are slowly but program comes into play: providing the their actions toward their shoreline surely poisoning the one thing that makes education and tools necessary to keep the can negatively impact the waterbody their cottage so enjoyable: the lake (or natural elements of the shoreline pristine and the resources that it supplies, both any waterbody). When this vegetation and healthy. environmentally and socially. From the is removed, the waterbody become results gathered, we were able to build susceptible to sedimentation, pollution, Introducing the Natural Edge a program based on a foundation of increased water fluctuations, and species The purpose of the Natural Edge educational materials. These materials loss. This occurs because the vegetation program is fairly straightforward. First are laid out in layman’s terms, so that the buffer is responsible for mitigating all and foremost, it aims to increase the scientific material can be understood by of these issues. The roots of these plants amount of native vegetation within the everyone (Figure 1). In doing so, we were filter any pollutants that find themselves in riparian zones of waterbodies, creating able to bridge the gap between shoreline the soil or on the surface. This essentially healthy and vibrant shorelines. This property owners and the importance of traps them before they enter the water, increase leads to cleaner waters, resilient natively vegetated shorelines. keeping and maintaining water quality shorelines and riparian zones, healthier at its best. They also absorb and hold habitats, and stable populations of both

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 31 presentations, workshops, the remaining areas are maintained, the and materials break down landowner will have little effect on the the technical science behind lake. the functions of the riparian Once educated, people are far more zone and present it in simple, willing to have our program staff assess easy-to-understand terms the state of their shoreline, and participate and diagrams. Through this, in the Natural Edge program. After we can explain how vital signing up, a free site visit is arranged shoreline and riparian areas and we carry out a one-on-one visit are, not only to the natural with the landowner at their property. environment, but also to the During the site visit, we can assess and landowner themselves. By discuss the state of their shoreline and the end, shoreline owners are any issues they are having, what area(s) able to better understand why can be re-naturalized, and answer any shorelines and riparian zones further questions they may have. Photos, are so important, not only for measurements, and soil samples are taken. the lake, but for recreational This ensures that the best possible native uses as well. If these areas are species are chosen for their property. We not properly taken care of, their are also able to discuss the future of the use of the lake or waterbody shoreline if proper remediation steps are will become under threat and not taken. During the site visit we work will eventually no longer be of with the landowner to merge their vision any use at all. for the property in cohesion with what Through education, we are would best benefit the environment and also able to explain that there the overall health of the lake. We also can be a compromise between take sightlines into consideration when the natural environment and choosing the plants for the property. personal use of shorelines It becomes a win-win. Shorelines and Figure 1. Educational materials along with site visits and riparian zones. When riparian zones are repaired and extended provide shoreline owners tools to maintain their “Natural individuals are made aware of while the landowner is able to use their Edge.” the fact that shorelines are so property and access the lake. exceptionally vital that they The Natural Edge program uses The shoreline revival process need to be maintained and protected, native trees, shrubs, and wildflowers Watersheds Canada developed the property owners believe that their entire for shoreline work. This is because Natural Edge program to work on a shoreline must be maintained as a whole, native species have adapted to shoreline simple step-by-step structure: education, without gaps or places for personal use. environments. They can withstand a one-on-one site visits, individualized This just isn’t true and without proper variety of weather conditions and have planting plans, plantings, and follow-up information people become reluctant to complex root systems designed to hold with continued support. seek help or advice for fear of losing their soils together and sequester excess As mentioned earlier, the first step water access, recreational space, and view. nutrients and pollutants. Native plants also of the program is designed to educate Our educational material, which can be best benefit the animal species that utilize landowners on the importance of found at http://watersheds.ca/our-work/ this area by providing proper food and riparian zones. This is accomplished resources/, was designed to explain shelter sources. by means of presentations, workshops, that this is not the case. Shorelines and Once all the details have been and other communication materials. riparian zones can be maintained while discussed, a planting plan is developed The predominant reason many shoreline still allowing people their own space and (Figures 2 and 3). Our planting plans owners have shifted toward a monoculture water access. The key is compromise. outline the areas for planting and the of grass covered shorelines stems from While maintaining shorelines and riparian areas that are to be left open. We include a lack of comprehensible information zones is important, there is always a way which plant species will be used in the regarding the importance and functions to have water access and your own space. plant sections as well as how many of riparian zones. The information that The fundamental point that we make plants will be planted within each area. is available is very technical and can be is that you should only clear the area Since we use native plants, they are best overwhelming for the average person that you need. Through our educational suited for shoreline conditions and will without a scientific or environmental material, we are able to explain roughly require minimal amounts of upkeep background. Without accessible and how much space a landowner should and maintenance. Once the first draft understandable information, landowners have for their property (about 25 percent), is completed, the plan is presented to do not have the opportunity to learn about which is usually a lot more than what the landowner for review. There can be the importance of the natural world. Our most people initially think. As long as lots of back and forth here; this ensures

32 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE Figure 2. An individualized planting plan providing for lake access Figure 3. An individualized planting plan designed to extend the and Canada goose deterrent. natural buffer. that the landowner gets a planting plan that they are happy with while creating a healthy shoreline. Once the plan has been approved, all plants are ordered and planted by program staff.

What makes our program unique What sets this program apart for similar shoreline restoration programs is that the ultimate goal of the Natural Edge is to increase the number of shoreline restoration projects that take place. Through its development, we have eliminated barriers that organizations and individuals may encounter by participating in the Natural Edge such as designing a plan, choosing the right plants, visualizing the new landscape, and knowing where to purchase the plants. The continued support we provide to our participating landowners also sets us apart. Once the planting has been completed (Figure 4), we give each landowner a care guide. This guide is Figure 4. Watersheds Canada staff planting a shoreline property with native vegetation.

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 33 full of information pertaining to the care and maintenance of native plants; from watering, to pruning, and mulching. We also encourage landowners to stay in contact with us and to never hesitate to call should they have any issues or questions. This ensures the landowner that they are never without help, should any potential issues arise pertaining to plants or shoreline. Landowner contribution is another unique aspect of this program. Since the Natural Edge is funded through various grants, the majority of the cost to landowners is covered, which is an added incentive for landowners to participate. All landowners who take part in this program are asked to pay 25 percent of the total cost, making it considerably cheaper in comparison to hiring a private contractor to work on their shoreline.

A look back at the Natural Edge Since the program’s inauguration Figure 5. Completed shoreline naturalization on Killenbeck Lake near Lyndhurst, Ontario. in the fall of 2013, we have planted 11,550 trees and shrubs within 18,500 m2 of riparian zones on 42 different can be launched by other organizations Courtney Allison is waterbodies across Ontario thanks to the and groups across Canada. Our vision the former coordinator participation of 122 landowners (Figure is to ensure that Canadians have healthy of the Natural 5). This has allowed us to expand the lakes and rivers that will support not Edge Program with program and offer additional shoreline only ourselves but also the natural world Watersheds Canada. features such as aquatic logs, bird boxes, around it. We believe that through our She started her time and bat houses. Its rising popularity has Natural Edge program we can strengthen with Watersheds also allowed us to troubleshoot obstacles and protect our waterways so that they Canada as an intern we have encountered throughout the can be celebrated for decades to come. where she worked program’s process and has led to the on drafting the Mississippi Lake Plan. As conception of an application for tablets coordinator, she provided presentations to local and smart phones that will revolutionize Watersheds Canada is a registered landowner groups, coordinated and conducted the development of planting plans. The Canadian charity committed to site visits, created individualized planting plans, goal for the application is to completely protecting and enhancing lakes and and scheduled and implemented plantings. automate the development of the planting rivers across the country. Watersheds While in college, Courtney conducted research plan during the initial site visit with the Canada has been working with a on the white nose syndrome in Little Brown landowner, decreasing the length of time diversity of landowners, communities, Bats. In her spare time, she enjoys riding and a landowner may have to wait for the first and organizations since 2002 to keep showing eventing horses and playing the draft which we believe will eliminate any our freshwater healthy, beautiful, and piano. c confusion someone may have with their available for generations to come. plan. We are currently looking for partners We love what we do, and we give it to help us fund and test the development 100% each and every day. For more of this application for tablets and smart information, visit the Watersheds phones. Canada website at http://watersheds. The Natural Edge program has come ca. a long way over the past three years, from planting small landowner properties to taking on larger rehabilitation projects Reference involving other organizations and Ford, Ray. 2008. The Shore Primer. Banff National Park covers stakeholders. Watersheds Canada is in The Primer Ser. Print. Burlington: the process of packaging the Natural Department of Fisheries and Oceans 6,641 square kilometres Edge program with the intention that it Canada. (2,564 square miles)

34 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE Figure Captions

Shoreline Management

Living by Water in Alberta Jenna Curtis

ake shorelines are one of the with partners at over 30 lakes throughout approach encourages participants to most ecologically significant and the province and performed nearly 900 approach managing their properties Lbiodiversity-rich areas, and one of property consultations since the start of in different ways, depending on what the most sensitive. Shorelines, and their the program. While there is not a large outcomes they want for their lakeside associated riparian areas, provide many average turnover of lakeside ownership, home. ecological goods and services, from soil the residents at properties do change, and stabilization and erosion reduction to so there is a constant need for education Community champion – Peggy’s story filtering surface runoff and maintaining and awareness of managing the natural In 2008, Peggy and her husband, or increasing water quality. Changes to assets associated with lakes. who are residents of Pigeon Lake located this shoreline and riparian area can result in Central Alberta, had an initial LBW in amplified results within a lake. As a Consultations are key consultation. Peggy had been a resident at result there is a continual need to increase The consultations are free and the lake since she was a child and, as an awareness of the importance of healthy confidential, allowing Nature Alberta to adult with her own children, the changes riparian areas and shorelines to help establish a relationship of trust with each she saw the lake and area undergo over maintain and protect Alberta’s lakes. participant. Rather than focusing on what time were cause for concern. Peggy Nature Alberta, a federation of may have been done in the past, LBW participated in the consultation for natural history organizations operating in enables residents to establish a plan to multiple reasons, which included concern Alberta, encourages Albertans to increase help improve their properties moving for the lake, a desire to make sure that their knowledge and understanding of forward. her property remained more natural, and natural history and ecological processes. A consultation consists of Nature an interest in learning about her personal For more than 15 years, Nature Alberta Alberta staff working one-on-one with practices that might be harmful or has delivered the Living by Water (LBW) lake residents to review their current beneficial for the lake. program, which provides information property set-up, as well as their practices, Peggy chose to manage her property to Alberta lake residents about healthy habits, and behaviours around their through some of the softer management shoreline living. The program informs lakeside property. Residents are made processes that LBW promotes. Near and educates lakeshore property owners aware of practices that they can alter on the shoreline she allowed the area to about the importance of maintaining their property that can have a significant naturalize, stopped removing vegetation the integrity of the natural ecosystem impact. Two examples of these practices such as poplars, and left some fallen associated with their lake property, while include allowing a shoreline to vegetate trees and other driftwood that washed supporting suitable recreational use, and naturalize, and properly managing up along the shore. In the yard, she also preserving property values, and ensuring runoff and stormwater to ensure that decided to reduce the size of the lawn she use for future generations. Working excess contaminates are not entering the maintained, add some water barrels, and with local community champions and lake. stopped planting perennials that were not watershed stewardship groups, LBW LBW program staff work with native to the region. The results of her provides the most up-to-date information, a diverse range of property owners, changes allowed for a more natural and tools, and resources to those who need it. and rely on voluntary participation enjoyable property (Figure 1). Partnering with local supporters and implementation as a result of the “For the first time since I was young allows Nature Alberta to leverage the consultation. LBW is imparting the I saw sandpipers in the area, after we LBW program’s modest budget, as well as principles of good management, while had made the changes to our property,” the knowledge, connections, and influence giving participants the flexibility to explains Peggy. “The changes we made of regional organizations individuals, understand, work, and manage their as a result of the program benefited the which strengthens the program’s ability properties in a way that provides them biodiversity in our area, and allowed us to to reach a more diverse audience across with what they want out of the property have a place away from the city that was the province. LBW has been working while still benefiting the lake. This natural and not only beautiful, but also

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 35 can be naturalized and provide positive benefits for the property and lake, but still be functional for their recreation and lifestyle at the lake. Kelly felt that, as a member of WWMC and a steward of the lake, if anyone was going to undertake such a project on their property it should be him, setting an example for others to learn from (Figure 2). They worked with a professional biologist to design a property plan that met all of their family’s needs. The plan focused on native species, reducing erosion potential, and helping to improve water quality of the lake. By 2010, with all the plans and proper approvals in place, and with the help of volunteers and the support of WWMC, municipalities and neighbors, the shoreline was naturalized (Figure 3). “The naturalized site is more natural, with more birds and bees,” offers Kelly. “Our main concern was having vegetation blocking our view, but with a lowered Figure 1. Peggy’s naturalized shoreline on Pigeon Lake with thriving native vegetation, including profile it looks much better. We are poplar. Photo: Rob Hetmanski. impressed with the results of the project” (Figure 4). Having completed his project, Kelly is now available to help others who served a purpose in helping the health of direct management of his shoreline. are looking to implement similar projects the lake.” She looks forward to being able As a member of the local watershed within Alberta, to help reduce the learning to teach her grandchildren about all the stewardship group, Wabamun Watershed curve associated with shoreline planting. native species of plants and animals found Management Council (WWMC), Kelly The LBW program relies on on their property. and his family wanted their property to community champions like Peggy and serve as a model for how a shoreline Kelly to show that it is possible to balance Community champion – Kelly’s story In 2008, at Wabamun Lake located west of Edmonton, Kelly also participated in the LBW consultation process, and he decided to pursue more

Figure 2 (below). Kelly’s property on Lake Wabamun prior to implementing a shoreline naturalization project. Photo: Glenn Gustafson.

Figure 3 (above). Kelly’s property during the naturalization project, an engineer determined the proper slope and installed silt fencing to reduce soil and sediments from entering the lake while the native vegetation established. Photo: Kelly Aldridge.

36 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE Nature Alberta is working hard to build a community of practice around healthy shoreline management at the lakes throughout Alberta. Nature Alberta is committed to the LBW program and to supporting those who want to make ecologically sound decisions for their lake based on scientific principles. Nature Alberta will continue to refine our process and approach to delivering LBW ensuring that program implementation is effective and remains responsive to the needs of Alberta’s lakeside residents.

Jenna Curtis worked as a summer student for Living by Water, before graduating from the University of Alberta with a Bachelor of Science. She began her career working for Land Figure 4. Kelly’s naturalized property after the native vegetation had established. Photo: Kelly Stewardship Centre Aldridge. as their stewardship program coordinator, managing programs that support Alberta’s grassroots stewardship community. In spring the ecological needs of the lake and and invasive species decrease; and the 2015 she also took over coordination of Living property, with the economic and social percentage of naturalized shoreline, use by Water for Nature Alberta. c needs of the property owners. As a result of water barrels, and native vegetation of the changes that they have made, both increases. Participants often chose these ended up with a richer experience at the implementation methods as they are low lake. They inspire those around them, cost and yield a proportionately large and provide examples for alternative positive impact. Overall, the program management practices at the lake that are is helping to introduce and encourage beneficial to the lake and their families. the use of better management practices and behaviour change at lakes across the A worthwhile investment province. In addition to the initial consultation, Since the program operates at LBW staff will return to participants’ multiple lakes in any given summer, properties for a follow-up consultation. it is difficult to measure the impact Participants can also complete a survey at each lake individually, but as long if they prefer to submit results of their as individuals like Peggy and Kelly first consultation, but do not require continue to see success, such as increased a second one-on-one consultation. To biodiversity and decreased property date LBW has completed follow-up erosion and reduced invasive species, the consultations with 11 pecent of initial program remains a worthwhile investment Banff National Park is home participants. The majority of residents for them. have implemented at least one suggestion to the following seven National from their initial consultation, and had a Continued need equals continued effort historic sites: Skoki Lodge, continued interest in continuing to make The LBW program will continue Abbot Pass Hut, Howse Pass, positive changes for the lake in the future. to work with lakeside residents, Cave and Basin, Banff Park Results from the program have shown disseminating information and resources Museum, Fairmont Banff Springs that once a resident has participated at lakes throughout Alberta, because in the program their use of phosphate- despite the many consultations that have Hotel, and the Cosmic Ray Station laden soaps, harsh chemicals, pesticides, been completed, there is still more to on Sanson Peak and fertilizers decreases; lawn spaces be done. Through the LBW program

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 37 Kathleen Marean Student Corner Lake management: A master’s student’s perspective

Lake management graduate program Each student is responsible for the year, ice permitting. Funding for or those unfamiliar with this studying at least one lake within New each student is provided by the Lake relatively new master’s program, it York State for two calendar years, Association or governing body and Fis offered by the State University culminating in a state of the lake report, matched by the Field Station. College at Oneonta, operating out written as a biology thesis, and a long- of the Biological Field Station near term comprehensive management plan Sixberry Lake and the players involved Cooperstown, New York. Students are for the lake and its watershed (Figure 1). My lake of study is located in prepared for careers as lake managers Students are responsible for determining Jefferson County, New York. Sixberry trained to diagnose the source of who their stakeholders are and their Lake is 90 feet deep, has a single basin, stakeholder concerns and environmental concerns. Each student designs a tailor- is around 128 acres in size, and has problems. Core courses include: made sampling plan to characterize their public access. Two citizen’s groups are “limnology,” “lake management,” lake. At the minimum, each student involved with the development of the “management of aquatic biota,” and samples for total phosphorus and nitrogen, management plan: the Sixberry Lake “advanced quantitative biology.” Upon dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, Association (SLA), a homeowners group graduation, candidates are eligible to conductivity, clarity, and chlorophyll-a. with voluntary membership for lakeside apply for certification as a provisional Lakes are generally sampled every residents, and the Indian River Lakes lake manager or lake professional. two weeks during the growing season Conservancy (IRLC), a non-profit land and once a month for the remainder of trust. Both groups are concerned about

Figure 1. (Left) Kathleen and fellow Lake Management student Luke Gervase during winter sampling on Sixberry Lake. Photo: Ann Halback. (Right) Scenic Sixberry Lake in the early afternoon. Photo: Kathleen Marean.

38 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE in-lake problems, with somewhat different first suggestion is that the SLA carry priorities. The IRLC has a broader out an annual rake toss survey I started mission that encompasses an entire region in summer 2015 to track changes in of waterbodies while the SLA is focused relative abundance of the invasive plants. on Sixberry Lake. The management plan This also serves as a means to monitor must balance each organization’s needs for new invasive introductions. Most Student Corner along with the ecological requirements of residents and the SLA were interested in the lake in order to be a success. controlling milfoil without the use of herbicides. This past summer, Management concerns, goals, and I found that EWM challenges was not dominant To identify the concerns of the throughout the lake lakeside residents, I sent out opinion and was intermixed surveys and attended SLA meetings. Once with other native plants the underlying causes of their concerns (Figure 2). This, the were ascertained we discussed what angle of repose of the lake management strategies were available and bottom, the opposition to acceptable. At this time, my management herbicides, and the limited plan is still in development so I will focus budget available led on two parts that are the most complete. me to recommend hand Two of the major concerns are Eurasian harvesting by SCUBA watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) divers as the appropriate control and preservation of the lake’s technique. current water quality. One of the challenges that we faced Preserving water as we discussed management strategies quality was limited financial resources. The SLA Sixberry is a is a fairly small organization, representing fairly clear, cold, around half of the households around low-productivity lake the lake. The only source of income and has likely stayed the organization currently has is from this way because of its yearly membership dues and personal depth and the limited donations. With that in mind, this plan is not only being designed to recommend management actions that are easier on the wallet, but to also describe what other work needs to be done so the SLA can apply for funding for more expensive projects. A second challenge we faced was at the governmental level: the surrounding county and town have fairly lax to non-existent water quality related code enforcement procedures. Some of the strategies we discussed for management need to happen at the local government level in order for residents to comply. A strength of working in conjunction with the IRLC is that this is also a subject of concern for them. The IRLC is already working with local municipalities to modernize their codes and compliance/ enforcement procedures with regards to Figure 2. (Top): Three rake toss surveys were conducted over the course of the summer 2015. septic systems and other waste protection For each survey site, the percent of each species observed in the rake toss was calculated. The issues. pie charts at each sample site on the map represent the average percent of the invasive EWM (red) versus all other native plant species (white) observed across all three surveys. (Map Eurasian watermilfoil (EWM) modified from NYSDEC Sixberry Lake Contour Map). (Bottom): On each survey date, rake toss samples were taken at 19 sites in the littoral zone. For each date, the average percent of EWM is found in other waterbodies EWM (red) and the average percent of all native plant species (white) observed in samples were in the area, but the year the plant became calculated. Error bars represent +1 standard deviation. established in Sixberry is unknown. My Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 39 development within its watershed. But storm water runoff and lawn care best current septic systems to more modern like any other waterbody in our modern management practices that will be ones with some form of tertiary treatment world, its resilience to the effects of addressed in the final plan. Another factor or to replace septic systems entirely with people is being tested. is the unsuitability of the local soils alternative systems like composting or Through collection of anecdotal for septic systems. Onsite wastewater incinerating toilets. But for many, and information, it seems the shallow parts treatment systems are an unfortunate without the help of outside funding, this is of the lake have more robust plant and necessity as the area is too sparsely not a feasible option. And as I alluded to algal growth than in the past (Figure 3). populated for a centralized wastewater earlier, there is no regulatory enforcement There are numerous factors effecting treatment facility. My best advice at to ensure residents regularly inspect, water quality in Sixberry Lake, including this point is for residents to update their pump, or replace their systems.

A B

C D

Figure 3. (A) Nitella sp. (a macrophyte); (B) Robbins Pondweed (Potamogeton robbinsii); (C): Slender naiad (Najas flexilis): and (D): Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum). All photos: Luke Gervase.

40 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE With that as the first best alternative, Kathleen Marean is I am recommending the SLA encourage a master’s student in homeowners to participate in a group the Lake Management inspection and pumping every three to Program at SUNY five years to, at the minimum, maintain Oneonta, with plans to the best possible functionality of their graduate this summer. septic systems along with the distribution Her research interests of educational material amongst all the include fisheries homeowners to inform them of best ecology/management, practices for septic system care. I will limnology, and being outdoors. c The largest dammed lake in Banff also recommend the residents become is Lake Minnewanka and involved in town planning board meetings the largest natural lake is with the goal of establishing better land use regulations and compliance/ Hector Lake enforcement procedures.

The public’s perception As the semesters have flown by, I We'd like to hear from you! Tell us what you think of LakeLine. have remained in contact with members of both organizations. We have discussed We welcome your comments about specific articles and pros and cons of different strategies and about the magazine in general. What would you like to see in LakeLine? have educated each other. This plan is a product of collaboration between our three Send comments by letter or e-mail to editor Bill Jones entities to determine realistic management (see page 5 for contact information). strategies. As such, it is my greatest hope that most will receive this plan in a c positive light when it is completed.

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 41 North American Lake Management Society Achievement Awards Call for Nominations

We all have times when we think to ourselves, “Wow, ‘x’ should be rewarded for all their hard work, contribution, or service!” Do not lose that thought. Now is your chance to nominate that person or entity for their outstanding efforts.

North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) eagerly awaits your nominations for individuals, organizations and programs, corporations, and projects contributing to NALMS and its mission – to forge partnerships among citizens, scientists, professionals fostering the management and protection of lakes and reservoirs for today and tomorrow. NALMS Award recipients receive recognition at the NALMS 36th annual meeting symposium banquet in Banff, Canada.

Please browse the NALMS Award categories, review nomination criteria, and submit nomination(s) to Dana Bigham Stephens, NALMS Award Liaison.

DEADLINE for nomination submissions August 15, 2016

Leadership and Service Awards Leadership and Service Awards recognize and honor individuals or team efforts within the following categories: volunteer and community education and outreach. Nominations should detail individuals or teams demonstrating leadership, service, and practice of lake and reservoir management. Selection criteria for Leadership and Service Awards include level of involvement, measurable impact, sustainability of action(s), and innovation in lake and reservoir management.

Volunteer Volunteer awards recognize an individual or team for significant volunteer efforts devoted to lake and reservoir management. Professionals (i.e., anyone paid to work on the project) are ineligible.

Community Education and Outreach Community Edcuation and Outreach awards recognize an individual or team for design, facilitation, or performance of exceptional education and outreach activity facilitating community understanding and appreciation for lake and reservoir management.

Appreciation Awards Appreciation Awards recognize and honor individuals or team contribution among a variety of lake and reservoir management areas. Nominations need to address how individuals or teams meet award conditions. Selection criteria for Appreciation Awards include level of involvement, measurable impact, sustainability of action(s), and innovation in lake and reservoir management. • Secchi Disk Award – recognizes an individual member considered to have contributed the most to the achievement of NALMS’ goals. Award recipient must be a NALMS member. • Jim Flynn Award – recognizes an organizational member considered to have contributed the most to NALMS’s goal. Recipient must be a NALMS corporate member. • Friends of NALMS Award – recognizes an individual or team making major contributions to NALMS. Recipients do not have to be NALMS members. Contributions extend beyond monetary donations. • Lake Management Success Stories – recognizes an individual or team with notable accomplishment of lake and reservoir management efforts that demonstrate improvements in lake/reservoir condition or watershed management in a cost-effective manner. Nominator is invited to briefly present at the Awards Banquet. • Advancements in Lake Management Technologies – recognizes an individual or team discovering, developing, or refining innovative methods, technologies, or processes targeting safer, cost-effective, and more effective lake, reservoir, or watershed management. Individuals or teams completing research projects falling within the category and contributing to the science of lake management are eligible. Nominations should include supportive documentation (e.g., journal articles). Nominator is invited to briefly present at the Awards Banquet.

Nomination Eligibility Secchi Disk Award and Jim Flynn Award nominations must be NALMS members. Current NALMS board members and members of the NALMS Awards Committee are not eligible for nomination.

Nominations Any individual or organization may submit nominations. Nominations must include the following items: 1. Nominator contact information (name, title, mailing address, telephone number, and email) 2. Nominee contact information (name, title, organization/affiliation, mailing address, telephone number, and email) 3. NALMS Award for nomination 4. Brief and complete description of achievement(s) to be recognized and statement of how nominee’s efforts meet specific award criteria 5. Submit nomination via email to Dana Bigham Stephens, NALMS Award Liaison, and please contact Dana with any other questions or concerns 6. DEADLINE for nomination submissions August 15, 2016

NALMS Award Liaison: Dana Bigham Stephens • 100 College Blvd. • Niceville, FL 32578 • Phone: 850-729-6469 ª Email: [email protected]

Thank you for nominating a spectacular individual or team for a NALMS Award!

42 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 43 NALMS BookStore

Interactive Lake Ecology Through the Looking Glass...A Field This workbook, created by the New Hampshire Dept. Guide to Aquatic Plants of Environmental Services, introduces students to This book from the Wisconsin Lakes Partnership elements of a lake ecosystem, including basic scientific contains detailed and highly accurate information concepts of water, the water cycle, how lakes are needed to identify aquatic plants. This 248-page guide formed, food chains & watersheds and introduces contains over 200 original illustrations of North American students to problems facing lakes. The workbook also aquatic plants. The precise pen and ink drawings that looks at monitoring lakes for water quality. grace these pages combined with detailed descriptions, Appropriate for grades 5-8, but adaptable to lake natural history and folklore of many aquatic plants found associations and volunteers. in North America make this guide one of a kind. Student Workbook: $4 NALMS Members / $5 Non- $20 NALMS Members / $25 Non-Members Members + $6 shipping & handling Teachers’ Reference: $6 NALMS Members / $7 Non-Members + $4 Shipping & Handling Receive 1 free Teachers’ Reference with each order of 20 Student Workbooks

Managing Lakes and Reservoirs The Lake Pocket Book Third edition of a manual originally titled The Lake and The Lake Pocket Book is a 176-page guide that provides Reservoir Restoration Guidance Manual, this 382-page explanations of aquatic chemistry; lake ecology and biology; edition builds on and updates the material in the original collecting lake information and how to use it; developing to include new state-of-the-art information on how to lake management plans and organizing a lake association– manage lakes and reservoirs. Many of today’s experts all presented in plain English. This easy-to-understand in the field of lake management authored chapters in style combined with its in-depth information has made The this book. Lake Pocket Book an extremely popular publication among citizen lake lovers. $45 + $6 shipping & handling $8 NALMS Members / $10 Non-Members + $4 shipping & handling

Your Lake & You! Remote Sensing Methods for Lake This tabloid size NALMS publication has been described Management as “simply incredible.” The 8-page publication explains how Remote sensing holds great promise for lake homeowners can do their part to protect their lake. It is also assessment. While remote sensing cannot, in all loaded with descriptions of resource publications. cases, replace on the ground sampling it can serve 75¢ per copy to complement existing sampling programs and often Bulk rates available. Contact the NALMS Office for allow for broader extrapolation of existing information. details. This manual provides detailed explanations of the various platforms currently in use, discusses preferred applications, limitations, costs and other factors that will assist those who are considering the use of remote sensing to select the platform that best suits their data needs. Manual: $49 + $6 Shipping & Handling CD w/PDF of Manual: $15 + $3 Shipping & Handling

How’s the Water? Visit www.nalms.org for complete information on back issues of NALMS’ two One of the top issues facing our lakes involves quarterly publications... recreational use conflicts. With an increase in use comes a growing concern with the quality of the recreational experience. This informative 306-page LAKELINE manual from the Wisconsin Lakes Partnership LakeLine Magazine is NALMS’ quarterly lakes information and education addresses the relevant issues and research on water publication. Each issue contains news, views and interesting information on recreation and related activities. This text was created lakes and reservoirs, and their watersheds and tributaries, from around your as a tool to assist in the process of building a healthy neighborhood and around the world. lake and river ecosystem and a strong lake community. $18 NALMS Members / $22 Non-Members + $6 shipping & handling Lake and Reservoir Management Lake and Reservoir Management is NALMS’ peer-reviewed journal, which includes papers on the latest lake and reservoir research issues, as well as case studies reflecting NALMS’ commitment to applied lake management.

44 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE A Call to Action ™ Nominations for 2016 Election are being accepted at this time! NALMS is seeking candidates that will add diversity and breadth to the Board and its committees. You could become a nominee for a position on the NALMS Board of Directors, to take a more active role in steering the direction of activities that relate to these precious resources. Experience or training in lake management is not required for a board position, and we encourage candidates with expertise in nonprofit management, leadership development, marketing, fundraising, legal issues and membership growth and development to consider running for a Board position. Nominations are being accepted for the following Board positions: • President-Elect • Secretary • Region 1 Director – Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont • Region 3 Director – Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia • Region 5 Director – Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin • Region 9 Director – Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada • Student At-large Director – Student members in North America and beyond The President-Elect serves a three-year term including one year as President and one year as Immediate Past-President. The Secretary serves a two-year term. Regional Directors serve three-year terms and act and vote in the interests of the Society as a whole, while bringing regional concerns to the attention of the Board. TheStudent At-large Director serves a one-year term and acts and votes in the interests of the Society as a whole, while bringing student concerns to the attention of the Board.

Nomination Process

Any member may submit nominations. Candidates must be nominated by at least two members to be eligible and self- nomination is encouraged if supported by two other NALMS members. Nominations are due no later than August 2, 2016 and must be made in writing and include an address, email address and phone number for the nominee. The Nominations Committee will screen nominees to ensure active membership and conformity with criteria for office, including, but not limited to: • Demonstrated interest and participation in the Society; • Leadership ability and other qualifications listed in the position requirements; and • Willingness to accept the duties of office as outlined in the position requirements, including commitment to attend semi-annual board meetings.

Submit nominations or questions about Board position requirements to Philip ForsbergSummer via 2016 email: / [email protected] NALMS • LAKELINE 45 A i o

ailin a a  ...a New Member  ...a Renewing Member ... purchasing a gift ______Name (Electronic-Only Rates in Parentheses) niial ot Aican ntnational ______College Student ...... $40  ...... $48 

Company Lake Leader ...... $65  ($55  ) ...... $78  ($68  )

______Lake Leader Emeritus * .. $55  ($46  ) ...... $68  ($59  ) Address Professional ...... $125  ...... $150  Professional Emeritus * $106  ...... $131  ______Lifetime ...... $4,600 

aniation ______Affiliate ** ...... $290  City ST/Prov. Postal Code Non-Profit ...... $290 

______Corporate ...... $575  Country * only for those who are retired, over 60, and have been members for 5 years. ** For approved organizations only – call 608.233.2836 before joining as a new member ______Phone Fax Do you want to help protect lakes? A donation will help ______ensure that NALMS’ mission to foster the management email and protection of lakes continues. at oial tnt n ...... $ illin a  cc i a a ao nni Coo oi n ...... $ ______Name a i Cl (for general donations) ...... $

______Company ant noation ______ Check or money order enclosed in the amount of US$______Address  Charge the amount of US$ ______to the following credit ______card:  VISA  MasterCard | Is this a business card?  Yes  No

______Card Number Exp. Date V-code* City ST/Prov. Postal Code ______PRINT Card Holder’s Name Country X______Card Holder’s Signature Phone Fax

______*The 3-digit verification code is located on the back of your card in the signature box. email

ail o a alication an ant in n to

NALMS, PO Box 5443, Madison, WI 53705-0443 Fax: 608.233.3186

Rev. 1/16

46 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE LAKE and RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

A scientific publication of NALMS published up to four times per year solicits articles of a scientific nature, including case studies.

If you have been thinking about publishing the results of a recent study, or you have been hanging on to an old manuscript that just needs a little more polishing, now is the time to get those articles into your journal. There is room for your article in the next volume. Don’t delay sending your draft article. Let the editorial staff work with you to get your article ready for publishing. You will have a great feeling of achievement, and you will be contributing to the science of managing our precious lakes and reservoirs.

Anyone who has made or plans to make presentations at any of the NALMS conferences, consider writing your talk and submitting it to the journal. It is much easier to do when it is fresh in your mind.

Send those articles or, if you have any questions at all, contact: Al Sosiak, Editor, Lake and Reservoir Management; [email protected].

If there is anyone who would like to read articles for scientific content, please contact Al Sosiak. The journal can use your help in helping the editorial staff in editing articles.

c

Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE 47 Bill Jones Literature Search

Archiv für Hydrobiologie retrospective on size-structure changes in Scheibel, N.C., D.J. Dembkowski, J.L. Gotthold, J.P., A. Deshmukh, V. the recreational fisheries of Wisconsin. Davis and S.R. Chipps. 2016. Impacts of Nighojkar, J. Skalbeck, D. Riley and H. Fisheries, 41(5): 230-243. northern pike on stocked rainbow trout in Sander. 2016. Development of a mobile Pactola Reservoir, South Dakota. N Amer phone application for the prediction of Freshwater Biology J Fish Manage, 36(2): 230-240. harmful algal blooms in inland lakes. Arch Dittrich, J., J.D. Dias, C.C. Bonecker, für Hydrobiol, 188(1): 1-17. F.A. Lansac-Tôha and A.A. Padial. 2016. Soil Use and Management Importance of temporal variability at Withers, P. J. A., N.J. Flynn and G.P. Chen, N., L. Liu, M. Chen, Y. Li, X. different spatial scales for diversity of Warren. 2016. Are stabilized biosolids a Xing and Y. Lv. 2016. Effects of benthic floodplain aquatic communities,Fresh eutrophication risk? Soil Use Manage, bioturbation on phytoplankton in Biol, 61(3): 316-327. 32(1): 138-148. eutrophic water: A laboratory experiment. Arch für Hydrobiol, 188(1): 25-39. Geophysical Research Letters Withers, P. J. A., N.J. Flynn, G.P. Warren, Ficklin, D.L., S.M. Robeson and J.H. M. Taylor and B.J. Chambers. 2016. Chemistry and Ecology Knouft. 2016. Impacts of recent climate Sustainable management of biosolid Chen, M. Q-H Sun and H-L Jiang. 2016. change on trends in baseflow and phosphorus: a field study. Soil Use The addition of FeOOH binds phosphate stormflow in United States watersheds. Manage, 32(1): 54-63. in organic matter-rich sediments. Chem Geophys Res Let, 43(10): 5079-5088. Ecol, 32(5): 432-445. Kelly, C.N., K.J. McGuire, C.F. Miniat William (Bill) Jones, is LakeLine’s editor CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water and J.M. Vose. 2016. Streamflow response and a former NALMS president, and clinical Biedunkiewicz, A. and K. Góralska. 2016. to increasing precipitation extremes professor (retired) from Indiana University’s Microfungi potentially pathogenic for altered by forest management. Geophys School of Public and Environmental Affairs. He humans reported in surface waters utilized Res Let, (8): 3727-3736. can be reached at: 1305 East Richland Drive, for recreation. Clean Soil Air Water, Bloomington, IN 47408; e-mail: joneswi@ 44(6): 599-609. Integrated Environmental Assessment indiana.edu. c and Management Critical Reviews in Science and Chapman, P.M and C.A. McPherson. Technology 2016. Development of a total dissolved Beutel, M.W., R. Duvil, F.J. Cubas, D.A. solids (TDS) chronic effects benchmark Matthews, F.W. Wilhelm, T.J. Grizzard, for a northern Canadian lake. Integrated D. Austin, A. Horne and S. Gebremariam. Environ Assess Manage, 12(2): 371-379. 2016. A review of managed nitrate addition to enhance surface water quality. International Review of Hydrobiology Crit Rev Environ Sci Tech, 46(7): 673- Pasztaleniec, A. 2016. An advanced 700. phytoplankton trophic index: Test and validation with a nationwide lake survey Environmental Research Letters in Poland. Int Rev Hydrobiol, 101(1-2): Farinotti, D., A. Pistocchi and M. Huss. 20-35. 2016. From dwindling ice to headwater lakes: could dams replace glaciers in the North American Journal of Fisheries European Alps? Environ Res Let, 11(5): Management The name “Banff” is derived from 54022-54030. Lenker, M.A., B.C. Weidel, O.P. Jensen and C.T. Solomon. 2016. Developing Banffshire, Scotland, the birthplace Fisheries recreational harvest regulations for an of two of the original directors of Rypel, A.L., J. Lyons, J.D. Tober and unexploited lake trout population. N Amer the Canadian Pacific Railway T.D. Simonson. 2016. Seventy-year J Fish Manage, 36(2): 385-397.

48 Summer 2016 / NALMS • LAKELINE Picture this! YOU could be the winner of the 2016 NALMS Annual Photo Contest.

Two winning images will be selected, a Member’s Choice winner selected by Symposium attendees and an Editors’ Choice winner selected by the editor and production editor for the entry that will make the best LakeLine cover. We have secured sponsorship for the Photo Contest so a $250 gift card will be awarded to each winner.

Your favorite lake or reservoir photo could grace a cover of LakeLine!

Entries will be judged during the 2016 NALMS Symposium . . . in historic Banff, Canada!

Only electronic submissions will be accepted. You must be a NALMS member to submit an entry. Photos should be of sufficient resolution to print from (approximately 300 dpi at 8.5” x 11”).

Maximum of one submission per person. Entries must be received by October 15, 2016.

Send your entry to: Bill Jones, Editor, LakeLine [email protected] photo: ©Riverwind91 ExcEllEncE, rEfinEd. At Nufarm, we’re improving facilities, increasing efficiency and expanding our solutions offering. The reasoning is simple: we know that excellence in our products and people results in excellence in your turf and landscape. Visit your Nufarm distributor to learn how our products can deliver excellence for you.

tough. fast. gonE. Clipper® delivers fast and selective control of tough invasive and nuisance plants. Plus, Clipper dissipates quickly from the water column, does not accumulate in sediment, and offers reduced PPE requirements.

offEring complEtE plant protEction including 3336® / affirm™ / aloft® anuEw™ / millEnnium™ ultra 2 stEllar® / tournEy®

Nufarm.com/uSto Aloft® GC is a Restricted-Use Pesticide. Always read and follow label instructions. ©2016 Nufarm. Important: Always read and follow label instructions. 3336®, Anuew™ and Millennium™ are trademarks of Nufarm. Affirm™ is a trademark of Cleary Chemical, LLC. Aloft®, Clipper®, Stellar® and Tourney® are trademarks of Valent U.S.A. Corporation.