DOCSLIB.ORG

Ethanol from Juice & B-Heavy Molasses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ethanol from Juice & B-Heavy Molasses Over 3 Decades in Sustainable Solutions AIDA -Feb 2019 ETHANOL FROM JUICE & B-HEAVY MOLASSES Mahesh Kulkarni AVP- Business Development © Praj Industries Ltd www.praj.net Focus 1. About Praj Industries 2. Understanding Feedstock for Bioethanol 3. Business Case – 10000 TCD Sugar factory 4. PRAJ Technology Advantages-B Heavy Molasses 5. Success Stories © Praj Industries Ltd www.praj.net 2 Core Competencies Technology Integration and and Process Projects Knowhow Driving solutions through Improvement Quick & Innovation Scale-Up Engineering and and Commerciali- Manufacturing zation Focus on Bio-Process Engineering and Solutions in Energy, Environment and Agri-processing Innovation Focus Advanced Bio- Advanced Yield Maximization processes Separation and (Yeast and Concentration Process Processes Reduction in Carbon Performance (DDBE) footprint (GHG Enhancers) reduction) Agri-feed stock and Multi-product ,High Residues quality Reduction in water footprint Process Optimization and Integration Co-product (POI) Maximization © Praj Industries Ltd 4 www.praj.net Sugar Mill -Feedstock Options Bagasse Bagasse Cane 1st mill 2nd / 3rd /4th /5th mill 2G Sugars Primary Juice Mixed Secondary Juice Juice Muddy RVF Juice Clarification Filtrate Juice Press Mud Evaporation Condensate Syrup Crystallization 1st/2nd / 3rd /4th Centrifuge Sugar B- Molasses C- Molasses © Praj Industries Ltd 5 www.praj.net B Heavy Molasses Composition of B-Heavy Vs. Molasses-C Sr. Parameters Unit Partially Molasses-C B-Heavy No Con Juice 1 Brix 0B 35 88 85 2 pH - 5.5 5.0 5.2 3 Fermentable Sugar %w/w 28 42 55 4 F/N Ratio 4 0.9 1.8 4 Total Microbial Count CFU/gm 100-500 5.6*10^3 8.8*10^2 © Praj Industries Ltd www.praj.net Typical Sugar Balance Sugar Cane Milling Basis: Imbibition Water: • Cane crushing capacity: 3000MTPD Fiber Bagasse: Separation 3000 MTPD 10000 TCD • Sucrose :13.5% Mixed Juice: 10000 MTPD • Crystalized sugar Recovery:11.0% on cane Clarified Mixed Press Mud: Juice 400MTPD • Plant capacity is up to 90 KLPD • Plat Operation is up to 150 days Evaporation per year. Crystallization Condensate Centrifugation Crystalized Sugar :1100 MTPD *C-Molasses:400 MTPD (90 KLPD AA) Typical B-Molasses Sugar Balance Processed Cane Basis: • Cane crushing capacity: Imbibition Water: 3000MTPD Fiber Bagasse: 10000 TCD Separation 3000MTPD • Sucrose :13.5% • Crystalized sugar Mixed Juice: Recovery:9.59% on cane 10000MTPD Clarified Mixed Press Mud: 400 MTPD Juice • Opportunity to increase existing ethanol capacity by 30% using some minor Crystallization Evaporation Condensate modification. • Plat Operation is up to 240 days per year. Crystalized Sugar: • Plant Capacity is up to 188 Centrifugation 959 MTPD KLPD AA. B-Molasses: 600MTPD (188 KLPD AA) Typical Sugar Factory balance with Juice to Ethanol Processed Cane Basis: Imbibition Water: • Cane crushing capacity: 3000MTPD Fiber Bagasse: 10000 TCD Separation 3000MTPD • Sucrose :13.5% • Crystalized sugar Mixed Juice: 10000MTPD Recovery:9.71% on cane Clarified Mixed Press Mud: Juice 400 MTPD • Plant Capacity is up to 90 KLPD. • 90KLPD plant on juice will be Crystallization Evaporation operated for 150 days crushing Condensate operation and 132 day on Molasses with same capacity. Crystalized Sugar: Centrifugation 971 MTPD Juice to ethanol: 90 KLPD AA 90 KLPD Ethanol Plant Capacity Sr. Parameters Unit Juice to Sugar Factory B-Molasses Remark No Ethanol (C-Molasses) . 1 Ethanol Titer %V/V 12% 8% 12% 2 Steam Kg/Lit of 5.8 6.0 5.8 No additional steam is required AA (22.5 TPH) (22 TPD) required (including boiler and turbine) 3 Power KWh/KL 2.0 2.0 2.5 4 Coal T/Day 70 70 70 No additional coal is Requirement required 5 Spent Wash % 0 0 20 60% reduction in effluent Recycle generation per lit of ethanol 6 Total Water Kg/L 0.2 to 0.5 8 to 9 5 to 5.5 Excluding boiler water consumption © Praj Industries Ltd www.praj.net PRAJ Technology Advantage Reduced water consumption in distillery (~60%) Improved GHG reduction compared with Molasses-C Up to 2-3% over all plant power reduction in sugar factory. Multi-feed option in distillery depending on feedstock availability Multi-product option depending on market scenario Solution to cyclic sugar cane production cycle. Additional 30% extra production with marginal or no Capex in existing plant © Praj Industries Ltd www.praj.net Praj’s References © Praj Industries Ltd www.praj.net 13 1. Incauca S.A., Colombia Cane Crushing Capacity (TCD) : 14000 No. of days of Operation per year: 300 Distillery Capacity : 300 KLPD Fuel Ethanol Vinasse recycle : 40~45% FEED STOCK Feed Ratio FS in Feed Stock Sugarcane molasses B 65 % 54-56 % Clear Juice Syrup 5% 59% Mixed Clarified Juice 30 % 13.5 % © Praj Industries Ltd 14 www.praj.net 2. Ingenio Providencia S.A., Colombia Cane Crushing Capacity (TCD) : 9000 No. of days of Operation per year: 300 Distillery Capacity : 250 KLPD Ethanol Vinasse recycle: 45~50% FEED STOCK Feed Ratio FS in Feed Stock Sugarcane molasses B 80% 50-52% Clear Juice Syrup 20% 60% Mixed Clarified Juice 0% 13.5% © Praj Industries Ltd 15 www.praj.net 3. Ingenio Mayaguez S.A., Colombia Cane Crushing Capacity (TCD) : 9000 No. of days of Operation per year : 300 Distillery Capacity : 250 KLPD Fuel Ethanol Vinasse recycle : 40-45% FEED STOCK Feed Ratio FS in Feed Stock Sugarcane molasses B 70% 52-54 % Mixed Clarified Juice 30 % 14-15 % © Praj Industries Ltd 16 www.praj.net 4. Ingenio Risaralda S.A., Colombia Cane Crushing Capacity (TCD) : 3000 TCD No. of days of Operation per year: 300 Distillery Capacity : 100 KLPD Fuel Ethanol Vinasse recycle : 35-40% FEED STOCK Feed Ratio FS in Feed Stock Sugarcane molasses B + 85 % 50-52 % Clarified filtrate juice 15 % 9.5-10.8% © Praj Industries Ltd 17 www.praj.net 5. Ingenio Manuelita S.A., Colombia Cane Crushing Capacity (TCD) : 10,000 No. of days of Operation per year : 300 Distillery Capacity : 250 KLPD Fuel Ethanol Vinasse recycle : 55-60% FEED STOCK Feed Ratio FS in Feed Stock Sugarcane molasses B 100 % 62-64 % © Praj Industries Ltd 18 www.praj.net 6. Ingenio Riopaila Castilla S.A., Colombia Cane Crushing Capacity (TCD) : 24,000 No. of days of Operation per year: 300 Distillery Capacity : 400 KLPD Ethanol Vinasse recycle : No FEED STOCK Feed Ratio FS in Feed Stock Sugarcane molasses B 10% 59-62 % Cane Juice 90% 13.5-14.5 % © Praj Industries Ltd 19 www.praj.net Success Stories • Vaidyanath SSK, Parali (30 KLPD Distillery) • Ingenio InCauca S.A., Columbia (300 KLPD) • Ingenio Povidencia S.A., Columbia (250 KLPD) • Ingenio Mayaguez S.A., Columbia (250 KLPD) • Ingenio Manuelita S.A., Columbia (250 KLPD) • Ingenio Risaralda S.A., Columbia (100 KLPD) • Ingenio Reopila S.A., Columbia (400 KLPD) • Maple Ethanol, Peru (400 KLPD) • Ingenio Magdalena S.A., Guatemala (300 KLPD) • Nicaragua Sugar Estate Limited (300 KLPD) • British Sugar, UK (206 KLPD, sugar beet Molasses-B) • Anklam, Germany (150 KLPD, sugar beet moalsses-B) • Konya© Praj Industries Seeker, Ltd Turkey (280 KLPD,www.praj.net sugarbeet Molasses-B) 20 Thank you! Contact : [email protected] © Praj Industries Ltd www.praj.net .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Significance of Vinasses Waste Management in Agriculture and Environmental Quality- Review
    Vol. 9(38), pp. 2862-2872, 18 September, 2014 DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2014.8819 Article Number: 94224DC47396 African Journal of Agricultural ISSN 1991-637X Copyright © 2014 Research Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR Full Length Research Paper Significance of vinasses waste management in agriculture and environmental quality- Review Rajagopal Vadivel*, Paramjit Singh Minhas, Suresh Kumar P., Yogeswar Singh, Nageshwar Rao D.V.K. and Avinash Nirmale National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon Khurd, Baramati taluk, Pune- 413115 Maharashtra, India. Received 4 May, 2014; Accepted 16 June, 2014 Vinasse is a waste material from distillery industries which has lot of organic and inorganic loads. It is utilized in agriculture for cheap nutrients source, ameliorating agents and animal feed beyond the limitation of high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD; 46100 to 96000 mgL-1), chemical oxygen demand (COD; 104000 to 134400 mgL-1) and total dissolved salts (30.5 to 45.2 dSm-1) content even after the pollutant removal treatments. Vinasse treatments with combined approach of aerobic and anaerobic methods are more effective by both cost and pollutant on removal efficiency. Optimized dose of vinasse application has significance over soil properties, crop qualities and yield improvement. Globally, it has high potential to substitute potassium and nitrogen nutrients to the present level of annual consumption. It also contributes a substantial amount of phosphorous, calcium, sulphur and micronutrients to crops. In developed countries, starchy vinasse used as animal feed on a lean season to animals that improved the feed digestibility and animal quality where feed shortages are experienced.
    [Show full text]
  • Better Sugar; Better Business Mill Issues and Co-Products
    BETTER SUGAR; BETTER BUSINESS MILL ISSUES AND CO-PRODUCTS M. Regis Lima Verde Leal WWF WORKSHOP - LONDON, JUNE 23-24, 2005 WORLD CROP LAND CROP AREA (MMHA) Sugar cane 20.1 Wheat 207.5 Rice 153.0 Maize 144.8 Soybeans 91.6 Notes: Rice - 42,5MMha in India and 29,4mmha in China Wheat - 27,3mmha in India and 21,7mmha in China Corn - 29,7MMha in USA and 25,6mmha in China Source: FAO, 2004 MAIN SUGAR CANE PRODUCERS COUNTRY AREA SUGAR CANE (1000HA) (1000 TONNES) Brazil 5,455 411,009 India 4,100 244,800 China 1,316 93,200 Thailand 1,050 63,707 Pakistan 1,049 52,040 Cuba 700 24,000 Mexico 639 45,126 Australia 415 36,892 Other 5,377 347,097 TOTAL 20,100 1,317,871 Source: FAO, 2004 BRAZILIAN CROP LAND AND PRODUCTION CROP AREA PRODUCTION (MMHA) (MM TONNES) Soy Beans 21.5 49.5 Corn 12.3 41.8 Sugar Cane 5.6 416.3 Beans 4.0 3.0 Rice 3.7 13.3 Wheat 2.8 5.7 Coffee 2.4 2.5 Other 5.7 - TOTAL 58.0 - Source: IBGE, 2004 BRAZIL LAND USE TYPE AREA (MMHA) Total Country 851 Brazilian Native Amazon 370 Secondary Amazon and other Native Forests 180 Planted Forests (cellulose and energy) 6 Pasture 197 Arable Land 59 Permanent Crop 7.6 Agricultural Area 263 Land for Crops/Low Impacts (*) 90 Source: FAO, 2002 and EMBRAPA (*) BRAZILIAN MODEL FOR SUGAR CANE INDUSTRY •JOINT PRODUCTION OF SUGAR AND ETHANOL 1990 2002 Sugar only mills 27 15 Ethanol distilleries 180 104 Sugar/Ethanol mills 168 199 Total 375 318 •LAND OWNERSHIP Mills = 65% Independent Cane Growers (70,000) = 35% •HARVESTING SEASON Center-South : May - November North-Northeast: September - March •MILL SIZE:
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Maize and Lipid Cane As Sustainable Bioenergy Crops
    Tropical Maize and Lipid Cane As Sustainable Bioenergy Crops Vijay Singh University of Illinois RCN Conference on Pan American Biofuels & Bioenergy Sustainability July 22-25, 2014 Golden Tulip Recife Palace Recife, Brazil What is Tropical Maize? Tropical Maize is Corn Reproductive Asynchrony Tropical Maize = Tropical x Temperate Maize Hybrid High Biomass High Stalk Sugars Less Nitrogen requirement History of tropical maize From Stoskopf, 1981 Nutrient Use Efficiency TM produces more biomass and more sugar than commercial corn hybrids with < 50% N fertilizer requirement US Sweetener Industry Tropical Maize Preparing the syrup by using a press HPLC profile of the tropical maize syrup. Three main sugars content—Sucrose, Glucose and Fructose Chen, M., Kaur, P., Dien, B.S., Below, F.E., Vincent, M.L. and Singh, V. 2013. Accumulation of fermentation sugars during tropical maize development. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 29:1509-1515. Tropical Maize 10 8 6 4 YEPS Ethanol concentration (% v/v) 2 corn syrup (autoclaved) corn syrup (autoclaved; pH4.5) corn syrup (initial) 0 0 20406080 Fermentation time (hour) Chen, M., Kaur, P., Dien, B.S., Below, F.E., Vincent, M.L. and Singh, V. 2013. 7 Accumulation of fermentation sugars during tropical maize development. World Journal of Fig.1. The ethanol production from maize syrup and YEPS medium Microbiology and Biotechnology 29:1509-1515. Tropical Maize 18 15.6 16 14.5 14 12.7 12 10.0 10 8.1 8 6 1.00x corn syrup 4 1.25x corn syrup Ethanol concentration (% v/v) (% concentration Ethanol 1.50x corn syrup 2 1.75x corn syrup 2.25x corn syrup 0 0 20406080100 Fermentation time (hour) Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Maximizing Fuel Ethanol Opportunities Through Advanced Technologies PETROFED-May 2016 Mahesh Kulkarni, Sr
    Maximizing Fuel Ethanol Opportunities through Advanced Technologies PETROFED-May 2016 Mahesh Kulkarni, Sr. GM-Technology & Engineering Praj Industries Ltd., Pune © Praj Industries Ltd www.praj.net Who We Are Technology Backed References Across Solutions Five Continents A Knowledge Based A Global Indian Company Company End-to-end A Customer Solution Provider Centric Company Expertise and Experience in Process and Integration Customized Solutions Engineering A Socially Responsible Corporate Citizen Strong Focus on Sustainable Development © Praj Industries Ltd www.praj.net 2 Why PRAJ 1 Praj Matrix Engineering 2 Over 1000 employees of which 80,000 sq ft of Labs, Pilot Plants, and Offices 85% are engineers. Capability to design to 115 technologists - 30 PhDs, 80 Masters. international standards Follow global engineering 9 Technology Centers of Excellence - Biology, standards Chemistry, Engineering Skid engineering 1 TPD Cellulosic Ethanol Adequate knowledge of latest pilot plant design & simulation software such as P4D, PDMS, Chemcad ,Aspen & HTRI Technical Audit 3 manufacturing units Trouble shooting connected highways & ports having total manufacturing Spares Supply capacity of 13500 T/yr Supply of Equipment ASME “U” & “H” certified Plant/ Equipment Life Can supply equipment with Extension Services “CE” certification Preventive Maintenance ISO 9001:2008 Quality Recommissioning management system 4 Customer Care Manufacturing 3 © Praj Industries Ltd www.praj.net 3 Preface A by-product of sugar factory, is chiefly used as
    [Show full text]
  • Castillo, EF Et Al. Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010
    Castillo, E.F. et al. Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010 ______________________________________________________________________________________ THE COLOMBIAN EXPERIENCE IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FOR TRANSPORT USE By E.F. CASTILLO, J.E. LARRAHONDO, A.L. GÓMEZ and J.I. SOCARRÁS Colombian Sugarcane Research Center, CENICAÑA [email protected] KEYWORDS: Sucro-Chemistry, Sugar Derivatives, Alcohol Industry, Vinasse, Bioethanol. Abstract THE NATIONAL Colombian Program for promoting the use of oxygenated gasoline for transport purposes started in 2001 with the implementation of the governmental tax incentives and the definition of the required technical framework for blending and fuel quality. The maximum level of blend for ethanol and gasoline was determined to be 10% v/v and the minimum concentration of dehydrated ethanol 99.5% v/v. Since 2005, five ethanol plants, using sugarcane feedstocks, are operating in the country with an overall production of 1 050 000 litres/day. The technological configuration of all plants is alike, mainly conformed by a continuous fermentation section and a continuous ethanol dehydration section. This paper describes some specific features derived from the commencement of the plants and some problems found in the normal operation of the fermentation. These troubles are mainly related to persistent microbial contamination in the fermentors, which reduces ethanol production efficiency and causes an overproduction of toxic and inhibitor organic compounds like acetic acid and lactic acid, among others. From a monitoring campaign, it was established that each plant had to develop its own adaptation process, such as the usage of different feedstock blending relationships, and to follow different learning curves despite the common technology used.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogas Production Potential from Native Beverage Vinasse of Mexico
    Waste Tech. Vol. 5(1)2017:9-14, Cruz-Salomón,Abumalé et al. Biogas Production Potential from Native Beverage Vinasse of Mexico Cruz-Salomón, Abumalé1, 2; Meza-Gordillo, Rocío2; Lagunas-Rivera, Selene3; Ventura-Canseco, Cristina2 1 Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas. Facultad de Ingeniería. Libramiento Norte Poniente No. 1150. Col Lajas Maciel. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas. C.P. 29000. 2Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez. Carretera. Panamericana km. 1080, C.P. 29050.3Catedrática Conacyt, Instituto Tecnológico de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez. Carretera. Panamericana km. 1080, C.P. 29050. e-mail : [email protected] Abstract - This work presents the results of the physicochemical characterization and evaluates the potential of vinasse (a wastewater obtained from local beverage of Chiapas, Mexico) as nutrient source for biogas production by anaerobic digestion in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) bioreactor. This wastewater contains high level of organic matter, 120.2 ± 18.4 g O2/L of chemical organic demand (COD), 0.77 biodegradability index (BI), and a ratio 21:1 of C/N. The UASB bioreactor had a working volume of 4 L, at 32 oC, 10 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT). The COD removal was of 91 %, the production of methane was 1860 mL/day and 264.83 mL CH4/gCOD of biochemical methane potential (BMP).As such, the UASB bioreactor fed with vinasse can be sustainable alternative for the bioenergy production from wastewater, shifting the paradigm of wastewater management from ‘treatment and disposal’ to ‘beneficial utilization’ as well as ‘profitable endeavor’. Keywords – anaerobic digestion, UASB, vinasse,COD,biodegradability, BMP.
    [Show full text]
  • Techno-Economic Analysis of Vinasse Treatment Alternatives Through Process Simulation: a Case Study of Cuban Distillery
    Techno-Economic Analysis of Vinasse Treatment Alternatives Through Process Simulation: A Case Study of Cuban Distillery Arletis Cruz Llerena ICIDCA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-1592 Osney Perez Ones ( [email protected] ) Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana José Antonio Echeverría: Universidad Tecnologica de La Habana Jose Antonio Echeverria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0366-0317 Lourdes Zumalacárregui de Cárdenas Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana José Antonio Echeverría: Universidad Tecnologica de La Habana Jose Antonio Echeverria José Luis Pérez de los Ríos Ronera San José https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9442-3239 Research Article Keywords: sugarcane vinasse, treatment alternatives, Aspen Hysys, simulation, techno-economic analysis Posted Date: June 1st, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-518806/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/28 Abstract Purpose Vinasse is one of the organic industrial euents with major polluting effect. The objective of this work was to perform a techno-economic assessment of vinasses treatment alternatives for valorization of this waste through process simulation with Aspen Hysys v10.0. Methods Four alternatives were studied: (A_1) incineration and electricity generation, (A_2) desalinization, (A_3) anaerobic digestion and electricity generation and (A_4) drying. The selected packages for the evaluation and prediction of properties were: Lee-Kesler-Plöcker and NBS Steam, NRTL-Ideal, Peng-Robinson-Stryjer- Vera and NBS Steam and NRTL-Ideal respectively; the validation in these cases was carried out with data reported in the literature. The economic evaluation was carried according to the changes that each alternative determines in each one of the elements of effective cash ow comparing with the actual condition.
    [Show full text]
  • Condensed Molasses Solubles / Vinasses General Information (Product Code LQS Int2alle)
    Condensed Molasses Solubles / Vinasses General Information (Product code LQS INT2alle) General introduction Put simply, condensed molasses solubles (CMS) are by-products of various fermentation processes. Molasses is used as a nutrient substrate in many fermentation industries (e.g. yeast, alcohol and amino acid production and the production of organic acids). In these processes, most of the sucrose content of the molasses is consumed by microbiological action. The resulting liquid waste (known variously as slop, stillage, distiller’s wash or vinasse) has very little residual sugar content. It is this waste which is condensed, further processed and marketed as CMS. 1 Applications CMS is used primarily in feed products for cattle and sheep because its crude protein content consists mainly of NPN (nonprotein nitrogen compounds such as free amino acids and betaine). Only ruminants are capable of synthesizing NPN into protein. CMS is also of interest because of its mineral content, most notably potassium. In cattle feed, CMS is used in admixtures of about 3-4%. In pig and chicken feed, 1-2% is sufficient because in these cases it functions mainly as a binding agent rather than as a protein replacement. CMS can also be processed into value-added products by enrichment with other substances, such as proteins. CMS can be added to animal feed either directly or indirectly by mixing with another product, such as cane molasses. There are few if any palatability problems, and use as a feed for cattle, pigs and poultry should not cause any problems. CMS lends itself well to mixing with feed molasses because its low viscosity reduces the mixed viscosity of the resulting feed molasses product.
    [Show full text]
  • The Toxic Impact of Honey Adulteration: a Review
    foods Review The Toxic Impact of Honey Adulteration: A Review Rafieh Fakhlaei 1, Jinap Selamat 1,2,*, Alfi Khatib 3,4, Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis 2,5 , Rashidah Sukor 2 , Syahida Ahmad 6 and Arman Amani Babadi 7 1 Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; rafi[email protected] 2 Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] (A.F.A.R.); [email protected] (R.S.) 3 Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; alfi[email protected] 4 Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia 5 Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia 6 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] 7 School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +6-038-9769-1099 Received: 21 August 2020; Accepted: 11 September 2020; Published: 26 October 2020 Abstract: Honey is characterized as a natural and raw foodstuff that can be consumed not only as a sweetener but also as medicine due to its therapeutic impact on human health. It is prone to adulterants caused by humans that manipulate the quality of honey. Although honey consumption has remarkably increased in the last few years all around the world, the safety of honey is not assessed and monitored regularly.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Modernisation in Colombia 1936-1990: Markets, Institutions and Technology in Sugar, Banana and Potato Production
    Agricultural Modernisation in Colombia 1936-1990: Markets, Institutions and Technology in Sugar, Banana and Potato Production Tamara Claudia Belt Rodriguez PhD London School of Economics and Political Science UMI Number: U615789 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615789 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 x -21 ! 7 <S'5 vS 6 8 To my mother and father Abstract This study analyses the factors associated with rural modernisation between 1936 and 1990 and places them in an international context. It focuses on the production of three commodities-sugar, bananas and potatoes. The approach departs from orthodox neo-classical analysis, which maintains that markets are the central agency responsible for change, and argues that institutions, the nature of the crop, technology, labour and land tenure as well as markets determined the path of agrarian transformation. This argument is sustained by considering scale- and capital-bias in agrarian technology, patterns of land usage and the changing role of labour in the productive process. The three commodities studied are regionally specific, sugar in the Cauca Valley, bananas in the Magdalena Valley and the Gulf of Urabd and potatoes in the departments of Boyaca and Cundinamarca.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbiological Colourants Removal from Sugar Beet Molasses Vinasse – the Effects of Process Parameters and Vinasse Dilution
    www.ees.uni.opole.pl ISSN paper version 1642-2597 ISSN electronic version 2081-8319 Economic and Environmental Studies Vol. 17, No. 2 (42/2017), 335-345, June 2017 Microbiological Colourants Removal from Sugar Beet Molasses Vinasse – The Effects of Process Parameters and Vinasse Dilution Marta WILK, Małgorzata KRZYWONOS and Przemysław SERUGA Wrocław University of Economics, Poland Abstract: Distilleries, in addition to ethanol, produced vinasse which is hazardous for the environment. Sugar beet molasses vinasse (BMV) is the most problematic waste from distilleries because of the coloured compounds contained therein. Traditional methods of the removal of the pollutant load from the waste do not allow simultaneous decolourization. The paper presents a microbiological method of coloured compounds removal from BMV. The conditions of the process (pH and temperature) and vinasse concentration were optimized. The bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum MiLAB393 applied showed the decolourization activity of 26% in medium consisted of 30% v/v of BMV at pH0=6.5 and 35.8°C. Keywords: decolourization, sugar beet molasses vinasse, Lactobacillus plantarum, lactic acid bacteria JEL codes: Q16, Q53, Q57 https://doi.org/10.25167/ees.2017.42.11 1. Introduction In the agricultural distilleries where the raw material used to produce ethanol is sugar beet molasses, in addition to the main product, sugar beet molasses vinasse is also formed. It is a by- -3 -3 product with a high load of pollutants (COD=55.5-147 g O2·dm , BOD5=27.5-69.3 g O2·dm ), acidity, pH=5.0 and dark brown color (Ryznar-Luty et al., 2009; Vlissidis, Zouboulis, 1993; Correspondence Address: Marta Wilk, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Wrocław University of Economics, ul.
    [Show full text]
  • Sabnis Uta 2502D 12838.Pdf (5.069Mb)
    INVESTIGATION OF HOW MICROBES INVOLVED IN ANEROBIC DIGESTION OF VINASSE CHANGE AS FUNCTIONS OF TEMPERATURE, VINASSE COMPOSITIONS AND TIME by MADHU SANJOG SABNIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON August 2014 Copyright © by Madhu Sanjog Sabnis 2014 All Rights Reserved ii Acknowledgements I would like to express my wholehearted gratitude to my advisor Dr. Melanie Sattler and Dr. Jorge Rodrigues who has always been an invaluable guide and academic mentor. I really appreciate Dr. Melanie Sattler for her encouragement, support, and advice throughout my research work. I cannot express my gratitude to Dr. Rodrigues for providing excellent ideas and advice that propelled my research. The supervising committee members Dr. James Grover, Dr. Andrew Hunt, and Dr. Sahadat Hossain, are most appreciated and gratefully acknowledged for their valuable suggestion towards this study. A special and personal acknowledgement is due to the Dr. Melanie Sattler; for her unrestricted personal guidance throughout this study, for bringing out the best out of my ability. I would like to thank Mr. Paul Shover for his tremendous help with my experimental set-up work. I also thank Shammi Rahman for helping me throughout my research. I would like to thank Victor Pylro and Jill Castoe who helped me during my experimental analysis and sequencing process. Last but not the least; I thank God and my loving family - Mom, Dad, brother, sister, and my family-in-law. They are my real strength and have always believed in my abilities to not only dream but strive to make those dreams a concrete reality.
    [Show full text]