History of the Cattle Industry in British Columbia

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

History of the Cattle Industry in British Columbia 130 Rangelands4(3), June 1982 History of the Cattle Industry in British Columbia Alastair McLean The developmentof the cattleindustry in British Columbia has been unique, It was the earliest in Canada. The settlers brought with them their customs and background and adapted them to their way of life and to the community. It representeda distinctand important stage in the settlement of that province. The industry had its origins in the ranching frontier which emerged in the Pacific Northwest after the Oregon Territory boundary dispute was settled in 1846. The industry extendedout from the foundation of agriculture and animal husbandry whichhad been developedin the Oregon Territory by the Hudson's Bay Company posts and which matured later under the American settlers. The first beef cattle movementto British Columbia proba- bly occurred in 1846when Dr. John McLoughlin, Chief Fac- tor of the Hudson's Bay Company movedcattle and horses from Fort Vancouver at the mouth of the Columbia River by boat toVancouver Island and then toFort Kamloopsand Fort Alexandria. Small herds of beef and dairy cattle were kept at Fort Kamloops, Fort Alexandria, Fort Victoria, and Fort Langley. From the time that David Stuart and Alex Thompsonfrom Fort Astoria travelled up the Columbia and OkanaganRiver The author is at Agriculture canada, Range Research Station,Kamloops, B.C. V2B 8A9. Hudson's Bay Company Post at Kamloops—1865 KamloopsMuseum & Archives Photo Bill Boze ox team at Clinton Hotelon way to Barkerville—1871. valleys to Kamloops in 1811, the fur brigade trailshad been discovery of gold on the Fraser River and the expiration of paving the way for settlement by developing the main travel the HBCtrading licence in 1858. Within two months afterthe routes. The Scots traders and French-Canadianvoyageurs first miners crossedthe Internationalboundary from Califor- brought colour to the region and left considerable folklore. nia, General Joel Palmer crossed the Border at Osoyoos They, however, had little impact on the land.These colourful from Fort Okanogan in Washington Territoryand travelled adventurers were not inclined toward settlement, however, through the OkanaganValley and onto the ThompsonValley nor did the Hudson's Bay Company(HBC) policy encourage with a cattle drive and wagonspulled by oxen. The next year it, since the company had exclusive licenceto trade withthe he took a drive as far as Fort Alexandria onthe Fraser River. Indians and to occupythe lands adjacent to their posts for Over the next decade, about 22,000 headof cattlefollowed raising fodder for animals and garden producefor domestic from the Oregon Territory mostly to the Barkerville mines. use from 1838 to 1858. Settlement of the Territory in the 1840's had provided a The start of the settlement period was heralded by the surplus of beef for export by this time. Roundup just south of Kaniloops 1a2 Rangelands4(3), June 1982 Cattle Drives before they founded the vast Gang Ranch. Probably their drive was undertaken Thad in 1876. He Cattle drives have remained asig nificant part ofthe ranch- longest by Harper from to San a distance of about ing scene from the beginning. The earlier cattle drives from drove Kamloops Francisco, to the followed theold Trail 2,000 miles with about 1,200 head in 18 months, having Oregon goldfields Brigade along summered in northern Idaho on feed and water. the Columbia River to the mouth ofthe OkanoganRiver and good then north to westward near Ver- Johnny Wilson and Lewis Campbell drove many trails, Okanogan Lake, turning in non and Grande Prairie to the including numerous trips to the coast before they settled through (now Westwold) the Theirmost notable drivewasto Dease Thompson River and west to Fort Kamloops;then along the Thompson Valley. south side of to Savona's the river Lake near the northern boundary of the province. Kamloops Ferry,crossing One of the more drives was the ill-fated drive thereand continuing westward to Cache Creek; northward publicized that Norman Lee undertook from Alexis Creek in the along the BonaparteRiver to contact the BrigadeTrail from the north. Later, numerous other trails were defined to the Chilcotin to the Klondike goldfields in 1898. The beef was coast and the all-Canadian trail lost when the river rafts broke up close to Dawson City. Okanagon, notably the late the market the Cariboo afterthe was settled. By 1860's, provided by developed Oregon Territory boundary Gold Rush had slowed and the rancheshad to The droverswere mostly Americanswho, for the most part, up developing did not settle in the Nevertheless, influenced drive theircattle to the marketsoutside the Interior, mostly to country. they the coast. John in trailed 450 headfrom Koote- stock raising and handling techniques as well as ranching Shaw, 1875, Lake to the Bow in Alberta. In Jack practices. Men suchas Ben Snipes, Jack Splawn, John Jef- nay Valley, 1896, Splawn feries, and went on to leave their names in from Washington, carried out his last drive from British Major Thorp, and Uriah Nelson pioneer lore of the northwestern states. Others on in Columbia to Washington. Joe Greaves stayed sent the first Canadian Pacific rail of cattle to the British Columbia to build some of the first and biggest shipment ranches. coast in 1894, from Spences Bridge. the latest cattle held until were In 1859, Joe Greaves drove sheep from Oregon to Olym- Among drives, recently, from where were to Fort Yale those from the Chilcotin country to the railway at Williams pia, Washington, they shipped Lake. The drives started as far west as Anahim Lake and on the Fraser River and then trailed 250 miles along the covered about 250 miles. Brigade Trail to the Cariboo. Greaves followed this with many cattle drives. His most ambitious drive was in 1880, Settlement when, with about 20 riders, he drove 4,000 head from Kam- Settlement first occurred in linear formalong the Brigade loops south on the Okanagan Trail to Oregon then turned and other trails, as well as the Cariboo Road, in the early east to Cheyenne,Wyoming, to the Union Pacific Railway, 1860's. For example, Alkali Lake Ranch, 1861; 150-Mile thence to the Chicago Market. Two years later, he brought Ranch, 1861; 100-Mile Ranch, 1863; Gang Ranch, 1863-80; together the might Douglas Lake Cattle Company in the and the Okanagan Mission near Kelowna, 1859. Centres Nicola Valley. developed at watering sites and good pasturagealong the The Harper brothers probably could have claimed the way, for example, Lillooet, Cache Creek, Clinton, 100-Mile greatest total distance of trail drives in British Columbia House, 150-MileHouse, and Soda Creek. Shortly thereafter Branding at LeWISCampbell's ranch east ofKamloops Rangelands 4(3), June 1982 Museum8 Paperchase at Grande Prairie—1900 iamioops Archives Photo the side valleys were settled. Kamloops was not settled until ment areas, and the nature of the ranches.The stage termi- the late 1860's because it was off the main Cariboo Road nus moved from Yale to Ashcroft, for example, and railway traffic, and the drovers,for the most part,were not interested divisional points helped communities, such as Kamloops, in settling. It was almost a decade later before the Nicola gain new life. In the late 1880's and 90's, large ranching Valley was settled. By theearly to middle 1880's, most of the companies were in ascendancy and strongly influenced main ranches had become established in the Okanagan, local politics. Soon after World War I, all land suited tocattle Similkameen, Nicola, Thompson, and lower Cariboo ranching had been acquired, but consolidation of ranches regions. continued for some years.The Pacific GreatEastern Railway Many, if not the majority, of the ranches were first estab- was built fromSquamish at thecoast to Lillooetand Quesnel lished by well-educated, middle class British immigrants. and was operating by 1917. This railway caused ashift in the They brought their own form of culture withthem. They rode Cariboo settlement centre from 150-MileHouse to Williams to the hounds, played cricket and polo, enjoyed afternoon Lake. Railway and road construction to the Cariboo elimi- teas and soirees. The men were willing also to assumecom- nated most of the road houses and removed the local munity, administrative,and legislative responsibilities.They markets for hay and garden produce; this changed the char- played, therefore, an influential role in the developingof the acter of the region greatly. interior of the province and brought stabilityand continuity Cattle Breeds to this sparsely populated country. of the cattle The Chilcotin started to in Many early brought to British Columbia were region developwhen, 1873, the of mixed breeds from the northern United States. land the Chilcotin River from its However, government opened along the Hudson's Bay Company utilized the dual purpose Dur- junction with the Fraser River almost to the point where it ham meets (Shorthorn) breed and probably some Devons at their Alexis Creek. Examples were the Withrow Ranch in forts in the and Dr. 1865 and Oregon Territory McLoughlin brought theCotton and Deer Park ranchesnear Riske Creek some of these to British Columbia. James Steele At that time their nearest was brought (1866-71). supply point Yale, some purebred Shorthorns from eastern Canada in 1877. over 300 miles Here settled the away. again, people along Aberdeen Angus gained popularity around the turn of the river first, but by 1900had movedback onto the meadowsof The first carload of the century. purebred Herefords was plateau. The Chilcotin was afforded a measureof recog- brought into the Nicola in 1888 from Alberta and nition when Fred Valley Becher built the first hotel and store at Quebec, by the Douglas Lake Ranch. Riske Creek. At one time it was the best stocked store north of Vancouver. Meals in the hotel were 25 cents and whiskey was one dollar a bottle—25 cents less if Range Administration you brought your The colonial administration gradually recognized the own bottle.
Recommended publications
  • Francophone Historical Context Framework PDF
    Francophone Historic Places Historical Context Thematic Framework Canot du nord on the Fraser River. (www.dchp.ca); Fort Victoria c.1860. (City of Victoria); Fort St. James National Historic Site. (pc.gc.ca); Troupe de danse traditionnelle Les Cornouillers. (www. ffcb.ca) September 2019 Francophone Historic Places Historical Context Thematic Framework Francophone Historic Places Historical Context Thematic Framework Table of Contents Historical Context Thematic Framework . 3 Theme 1: Early Francophone Presence in British Columbia 7 Theme 2: Francophone Communities in B.C. 14 Theme 3: Contributing to B.C.’s Economy . 21 Theme 4: Francophones and Governance in B.C. 29 Theme 5: Francophone History, Language and Community 36 Theme 6: Embracing Francophone Culture . 43 In Closing . 49 Sources . 50 2 Francophone Historic Places Historical Context Thematic Framework - cb.com) - Simon Fraser et ses Voya ses et Fraser Simon (tourisme geurs. Historical contexts: Francophone Historic Places • Identify and explain the major themes, factors and processes Historical Context Thematic Framework that have influenced the history of an area, community or Introduction culture British Columbia is home to the fourth largest Francophone community • Provide a framework to in Canada, with approximately 70,000 Francophones with French as investigate and identify historic their first language. This includes places of origin such as France, places Québec, many African countries, Belgium, Switzerland, and many others, along with 300,000 Francophiles for whom French is not their 1 first language. The Francophone community of B.C. is culturally diverse and is more or less evenly spread across the province. Both Francophone and French immersion school programs are extremely popular, yet another indicator of the vitality of the language and culture on the Canadian 2 West Coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Risk Assessment
    COMMUNITY RISK ASSESSMENT Squamish-Lillooet Regional District Abstract This Community Risk Assessment is a component of the SLRD Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan. A Community Risk Assessment is the foundation for any local authority emergency management program. It informs risk reduction strategies, emergency response and recovery plans, and other elements of the SLRD emergency program. Evaluating risks is a requirement mandated by the Local Authority Emergency Management Regulation. Section 2(1) of this regulation requires local authorities to prepare emergency plans that reflects their assessment of the relative risk of occurrence, and the potential impact, of emergencies or disasters on people and property. SLRD Emergency Program [email protected] Version: 1.0 Published: January, 2021 SLRD Community Risk Assessment SLRD Emergency Management Program Executive Summary This Community Risk Assessment (CRA) is a component of the Squamish-Lillooet Regional District (SLRD) Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan and presents a survey and analysis of known hazards, risks and related community vulnerabilities in the SLRD. The purpose of a CRA is to: • Consider all known hazards that may trigger a risk event and impact communities of the SLRD; • Identify what would trigger a risk event to occur; and • Determine what the potential impact would be if the risk event did occur. The results of the CRA inform risk reduction strategies, emergency response and recovery plans, and other elements of the SLRD emergency program. Evaluating risks is a requirement mandated by the Local Authority Emergency Management Regulation. Section 2(1) of this regulation requires local authorities to prepare emergency plans that reflect their assessment of the relative risk of occurrence, and the potential impact, of emergencies or disasters on people and property.
    [Show full text]
  • British Columbia 1858
    Legislative Library of British Columbia Background Paper 2007: 02 / May 2007 British Columbia 1858 Nearly 150 years ago, the land that would become the province of British Columbia was transformed. The year – 1858 – saw the creation of a new colony and the sparking of a gold rush that dramatically increased the local population. Some of the future province’s most famous and notorious early citizens arrived during that year. As historian Jean Barman wrote: in 1858, “the status quo was irrevocably shattered.” Prepared by Emily Yearwood-Lee Reference Librarian Legislative Library of British Columbia LEGISLATIVE LIBRARY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA BACKGROUND PAPERS AND BRIEFS ABOUT THE PAPERS Staff of the Legislative Library prepare background papers and briefs on aspects of provincial history and public policy. All papers can be viewed on the library’s website at http://www.llbc.leg.bc.ca/ SOURCES All sources cited in the papers are part of the library collection or available on the Internet. The Legislative Library’s collection includes an estimated 300,000 print items, including a large number of BC government documents dating from colonial times to the present. The library also downloads current online BC government documents to its catalogue. DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the views of the Legislative Library or the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. While great care is taken to ensure these papers are accurate and balanced, the Legislative Library is not responsible for errors or omissions. Papers are written using information publicly available at the time of production and the Library cannot take responsibility for the absolute accuracy of those sources.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 to 2025 Concise Business Plan (Version 7.7—2020 02 04 Since Last Version: (Updated Information Throughout)
    Governed by: Barkerville Heritage Trust 2015 to 2025 Concise Business Plan (Version 7.7—2020 02 04 Since Last Version: (updated information throughout) Executive Summary Barkerville Historic Town & Park is a Province of BC owned Heritage Property, BC Park, and a Government of Canada National Historic Site. The Town and Park are protected under the Province of BC Heritage Conservation Act. Barkerville is governed and operated by Barkerville Heritage Trust and has a Heritage Site Management Agreement to 2025 with the Province of BC. The Trust stewards the Protection, Preservation, Presentation, and Commerce & Partnerships of the Town & Park. Figure 1: View of Barkerville Historic Town Vision Barkerville is an authentic, unique World-class heritage experience. Mission Provide an opportunity to experience life in the Cariboo Gold Rush through activities, storytelling, preservation, and good old-fashioned service that will sustain and grow visitor attendance. Values Affordability Entrepreneurship Quality Authenticity Honesty Respect Education Inclusiveness Stability Efficiency Innovative Stewardship Enthusiasm Leadership Sustainability Personal Service Transparency 1 | P a g e Governed by: Barkerville Heritage Trust 2015 to 2025 Concise Business Plan (Version 7.7—2020 02 04 Since Last Version: (updated information throughout) Context and Contact Information Our organization is in a process of continuous improvement and dynamic short and long-term planning; this draft document concisely reflects our evolving direction. For more information about this plan, contact Ed Coleman, CEO at 1.888.994.3332 Local 23, Cell: 250.991.9034, Fax: 250.994.3435 or [email protected] Barkerville Historic Town & Park, Box 19, 14301 Hwy 26 E., Barkerville, BC V0K 1B0.
    [Show full text]
  • Lt. Aemilius Simpson's Survey from York Factory to Fort Vancouver, 1826
    The Journal of the Hakluyt Society August 2014 Lt. Aemilius Simpson’s Survey from York Factory to Fort Vancouver, 1826 Edited by William Barr1 and Larry Green CONTENTS PREFACE The journal 2 Editorial practices 3 INTRODUCTION The man, the project, its background and its implementation 4 JOURNAL OF A VOYAGE ACROSS THE CONTINENT OF NORTH AMERICA IN 1826 York Factory to Norway House 11 Norway House to Carlton House 19 Carlton House to Fort Edmonton 27 Fort Edmonton to Boat Encampment, Columbia River 42 Boat Encampment to Fort Vancouver 62 AFTERWORD Aemilius Simpson and the Northwest coast 1826–1831 81 APPENDIX I Biographical sketches 90 APPENDIX II Table of distances in statute miles from York Factory 100 BIBLIOGRAPHY 101 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1. George Simpson, 1857 3 Fig. 2. York Factory 1853 4 Fig. 3. Artist’s impression of George Simpson, approaching a post in his personal North canoe 5 Fig. 4. Fort Vancouver ca.1854 78 LIST OF MAPS Map 1. York Factory to the Forks of the Saskatchewan River 7 Map 2. Carlton House to Boat Encampment 27 Map 3. Jasper to Fort Vancouver 65 1 Senior Research Associate, Arctic Institute of North America, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada. 2 PREFACE The Journal The journal presented here2 is transcribed from the original manuscript written in Aemilius Simpson’s hand. It is fifty folios in length in a bound volume of ninety folios, the final forty folios being blank. Each page measures 12.8 inches by seven inches and is lined with thirty- five faint, horizontal blue-grey lines.
    [Show full text]
  • Rezoning / OCP Information Package
    Rezoning / OCP Information Package File Number: 3360-20/20180043 Subject: Cariboo Regional District Quesnel Fringe Area Official Community Plan Amendment Bylaw No. 5172, 2018 and Cariboo Regional District Quesnel Fringe Area Zoning Amendment Bylaw No. 5173,2018 Electoral Area: I Date of Referral: September 18, 2018 Date of Application: August 27, 2018 Property Owner's Name(s): Hugh Gordon Bare Applicant's Name: Brad Wiles - Wiles Surveying SECTION 1: Property Summary Legal Description(s): Lot 1, District Lot 15, Cariboo District, Plan 20266, Except Plan 22908 Property Size: 4.30 ha (10.62 ac) Area of Application: 1.8 ha (4.44 ac) Location: 325 Skyline Rd Current Designation: Min. Lot Size Permitted: Manufactured Home Park 2 ha (4.95 ac) 1 Proposed Designation: Min. Lot Size Permitted: I Agricultural 32 ha (79.07 ac) Current Zoning: Min. Lot Size Permitted: Mobile Home Park (R4) 2 ha (4.94 ac) Proposed Zoning: Min. Lot Size Permitted: Resource/Agricultural 32 ha (79.07 ac) Proposed Use: The area under application is currently an active hay field. The rezoning and lot line adjustment would further benefit a current forage operation. No. and size of Proposed Lots: Lot line adjustment. No new lots proposed. Name and type of existing road system: Skyline Road (collector, paved) Services Available: Hydro, telephone, sewage disposal, well Within the influence of a Controlled Access Highway: No Within the confines of the Agricultural Land Reserve: No Required to comply with the Shoreland Management Policy or Development Permit Areas: I Yes, with
    [Show full text]
  • The Chilcotin Uprising: a Study Of
    THE CHILCOTIN UPRISING: A STUDY OF INDIAN-WHITE RELATIONS IN NINETEENTH CENTURY BRITISH COLUMBIA by EDWARD SLEIGH HEWLETT B.A,, University of British Columbia, 1964 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA March, 1972 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of History The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, Canada ill ABSTRACT This thesis deals with a disturbance which broke out in April of 1864 when a group of ChJLlcotin Indians massacred seventeen^workmen on a trail being built from Bute Inlet to the interior of British Columbia, The main endeavours of this thesis are three-fold. It seeks to provide an accurate account of the main events: the killings and the para-military expeditions which resulted from them. It attempts to establish as far as possible the causes of the massacres. Finally, it examines the attitudes of whites towards the Indians as revealed in the actions they took and the views they expressed in connection with the uprising and the resulting expeditions to the Chilcotin territory.
    [Show full text]
  • Klinaklini Heli-Rafting Planning Your Trip…
    KLINAKLINI HELI-RAFTING PLANNING YOUR TRIP…. Thank you for choosing a R.O.A.M. wilderness rafting and hiking trip. We are very excited that you will be joining us for an unforgettable river trip through some of British Columbia’s most spectacular wilderness. In June of 1997, we put together an expedition team of professional guides for the first descent of this incredible mountain waterway. In August of the same year, we operated the first commercial trip with Men’s Journal magazine covering the event. In 1998, complete with supermodels, we operated the first all-woman descent in conjunction with the Donna Karan Corporation of New York and Marie Claire Magazine. Today, this carefully planned state- of-the-art expedition allows participants to travel where it was once unimaginable. If any of your questions remain unanswered, please don’t hesitate to call. We strive to fully prepare you for what to expect on your trip so you can spend your vacation thinking more about smelling the essence of a forest of old growth cedars or a field of Alpine wildflowers than whether or not you brought the right pair of shoes. The Terrain We Cover Rafting the Klinaklini River offers the adventurous traveller a bounty of images and experiences. Your rafting trip begins at the edge of the great interior plateau of British Columbia’s Chilcotin country, at Klinaklini Lake. This lake is a jewel encircled by pristine wilderness and it’s the perfect habitat for moose, grizzly bears, wolves, cougars and eagles. Enveloped by the peaks and canyons of the Coastal Range, you will be able to see Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • BC ORV Final Recommendations
    Solutions for a Sustainable Future: Final Recommendations for Registration, Licensing and Management of Off-Road Vehicles in British Columbia December 2005 Coalition for Licensing & Registration of Off-Road Vehicles in British Columbia Solutions for a Sustainable Future: Final Recommendations for Registration, Licensing and Management of Off-Road Vehicles in British Columbia December 12th, 2005 Prepared by: Terje Vold and George Sranko Prepared for: Coalition for Licensing & Registration of Off-Road Vehicles in British Columbia The ORV Coalition project has been administered by Grasslands Conservation Council of British Columbia 954A Laval Crescent Kamloops, BC V2C 5P5 www.bcgrasslands.org For more information, please visit www.ORVCoalitionBC.org The ORV Coalition, a broad-based coalition of stakeholders representing more than 120,000 British Columbians, is pleased to provide our final recommendations for the registration, licensing and management of off-road vehicles in British Columbia. The final recommendations reflect shared agreements reached by the Coalition after three years of dedicated effort, including a thorough public consultation and review process. The ORV Coalition urges the provincial government to act on our recommendations in a timely manner with the target of developing and introducing a new Off-Road Vehicle Act for British Columbia in 2006. Sincerely, the Member Organizations of the ORV Coalition ______________________________________ ______________________________________ British Columbia Cattlemen’s Association British
    [Show full text]
  • Barkerville Gold Mines Ltd
    BARKERVILLE GOLD MINES LTD. CARIBOO GOLD PROJECT AUGUST 2020 ABOUT THE CARIBOO GOLD PROJECT The Cariboo Gold Project includes: • An underground gold mine, surface concentrator and associated facilities near Wells The Project is located in the historic • Waste rock storage at Bonanza Ledge Mine Cariboo Mining District, an area where • A new transmission line from Barlow Substation to the mine site mining has been part of the landscape • Upgrades to the existing QR Mill and development of a filtered stack tailings since the Cariboo Gold Rush in the 1860s. facility at the QR Mill Site • Use of existing roads and development of a highway bypass before Wells The Project is being reviewed under the terms of the BC Environmental Assessment Act, 2018. CARIBOO GOLD PROJECT COMPONENTS • Underground mine and ore crushing • Water management and treatment CARIBOO GOLD • Bulk Fill Storage Area • New camp MINE SITE • Electrical substation • Offices, warehouse and shops in the • Above ground concentrator and paste concentrator building backfill plant • Mill upgrades for ore processing • Filtered stack tailings storage facility - no QR MILL SITE • New tailings dewatering (thickening tailings underwater and no dams and filtering) plant • New camp BONANZA LEDGE • Waste rock storage MINE • Movement of workers, equipment and • Concentrate transport to QR Mill via Highway TRANSPORTATION supplies via Highway 26, 500 Nyland 26 and 500 Nyland Lake Road. ROUTES Lake Road, Quesnel Hydraulic Road • New highway bypass before Wells (2700 Road) • Movement of waste
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1: Overview of Plaintiff’S Witnesses, Select Tsilhqot’In Genealogies, Trapline Summaries
    No. 90 0913 Victoria Registry IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA BETWEEN: ROGER WILLIAM, on his own behalf and on behalf of all other members of the Xeni Gwet’in First Nations Government and on behalf of all other members of the Tsilhqot’in Nation PLAINTIFF AND: HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN IN RIGHT OF THE PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, THE REGIONAL MANAGER OF THE CARIBOO FOREST REGION and THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA DEFENDANTS ARGUMENT OF THE PLAINTIFF APPENDIX 1: OVERVIEW OF PLAINTIFF’S WITNESSES, SELECT TSILHQOT’IN GENEALOGIES, TRAPLINE SUMMARIES WOODWARD & ATTORNEY GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF COMPANY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA JUSTICE, CANADA Barristers and Solicitors Civil Litigation Section Aboriginal Law Section 844 Courtney Street, 2nd Floor 3RD Floor, 1405 Douglas Street 900 – 840 Howe Street Victoria, BC V8W 1C4 Victoria, BC V8W 9J5 Vancouver, B.C. V6Z 2S9 Solicitors for the Plaintiff Solicitor for the Defendants, Her Solicitor for the Defendant, Majesty the Queen in the Right of The Attorney General of Canada the Province of British Columbia and the Manager of the Cariboo Forest Region ROSENBERG & BORDEN LADNER ROSENBERG GERVAIS LLP Barristers & Solicitors Barristers & Solicitors 671D Market Hill Road 1200 Waterfront Centre, 200 Vancouver, BC V5Z 4B5 Burrard Street Solicitors for the Plaintiff Vancouver, BC V7X 1T2 Solicitor for the Defendants, Her Majesty the Queen in the Right of the Province of British Columbia and the Manager of the Cariboo Forest Region Exhibit 43 Photograph 29 Appendix 1 Overview of Plaintiff's Witnesses, Select Tsilhqot'in Genealogies, Trapline Summaries Tab Summary of the Lay Witness Evidence A Summary of the Expert Witness Evidence B Select Tsilhqot'in Genealogies C Trapline Summaries D Appendix 1A Summary of Lay Witnesses of the Plaintiff SUMMARY OF LAY WITNESSES OF THE PLAINTIFF.........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Great Eastern Railway
    PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF RAILWAYS PACIFIC GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY also Proposed Extensions and Potential Resources of Central Interior and Northern British Columbia, 1949 VICTORIA, E.C. NOVEMBER, 1949 PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF RAILWAYS PACIFIC GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY also Proposed Extensions and Potential Resources of Central Interior and Northern British Columbia, 1949 VICTORIA, B.C. NOVEMBER, 1949 AN APPRECIATION. From time to time various departments of Government issue bulletins and pamphlets on one or another of the many economic, topographic, or geographic aspects of different sections of the Province. In this bulletin the Department of Railways has gathered together in comprehensive and compact form a wealth of material on the topography, resources, and industries of the district served by the Pacific Great Eastern Railway. The Pacific Great Eastern Railway continues to make possible the growth and development of a rich and important section of the Province. The railway is owned and operated by the people through their Provincial Government. It is well that students in our schools should come to appreciate that section of the Prov• ince and the contribution which this railway makes to its present and future. The Department of Education is most appreciative of the generosity of the Department of Railways in providing copies of this bulletin for the libraries of all schools in the Province. W. T. STRAITH, Minister of Education. PACIFIC GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY COMPANY. PACIFIC GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY, ALSO PROPOSED EXTENSIONS AND POTENTIAL RESOURCES, 1949. The substance of the following reports may be outlined by quoting the Terms of Reference given to the Committee on Resources and Railways, 1945.
    [Show full text]