Donor Alliance’s 25 Years of Living History Donor Alliance was formed in 1997 The Surgeon General of the United States hosts Cyclosporine, the first of a number of drugs Study shows that 71 percent of respondents as the result of a merger between a workshop to increase organ donation. His that effectively treat organ rejection by believe that if someone signs a donor card, Colorado Organ Recovery Systems challenge, “…expand the enterprise through suppressing the human immune system, relatives should not be allowed to overrule (CORS) and the Mile High Transplant increased donation, so that all who need is introduced that decision Bank (MHTB). This timeline is not transplantation will benefit” only our history, but the history of Human Tissue Act of 1983 is signed 86 organ and tissue donation and 81 Denver’s Porter Adventist Hospital begins its transplantation in our nation. We First successful heart/lung transplant performed MHTB participates in the Science of Kidney Transplant Program under the direction have done our best to capture the by Dr. Norman Shumway and Dr. Bruce Reitz at Transplantation program at the Hall of Life of Brack Hattler, M.D. and Chakko Kuruvila M.D. highlights. We dedicate this living history to the Stanford Medical Center at Denver’s Museum of Nature & Science courageous men, women, children and their First successful double-lung transplant per- families who gave so generously of themselves A presidential commission under President 84 formed by Dr. Joel Cooper at Toronto General so that others could live. It is also dedicated to the Ronald Reagan refines the concept of brain death Surgeons at the Loma Linda University Medical Hospital in Ontario, Canada brave recipients who have given us the knowledge and proposes a Uniform Determination of Death Center in California transplant the heart from 1. that any life given to save the life of another, is not Act (UDDA), which all states in the U.S. and a seven-month old baboon, into a baby girl The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) lived in vain. Finally, we dedicate this to the daring countries in the western world adopt known as “Baby Fae.” She lives for twenty is awarded the initial federal contract to operate medical professionals who challenge the conven- days, and dies of kidney failure the OPTN tions of science to save and enhance lives through organ and tissue donation. 82 Dr. William DeVries implants the first artificial The National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) The monoclonal antibody for kidney transplants heart into a Salt Lake City man passes, establishing the Organ Procurement is the first biotechnologically-derived product 80 and Transplant Network (OPTN) to guarantee to gain FDA approval for use within the body. MHTB is formed by a grant provided by the The parents of 11-month-old Jamie Fiske mount fairness in the distribution of donated organs. Clinical trials of the product show kidney Junior League of Denver a media campaign to find a liver donor for their This same federal law also forbids the sale of rejections are reversed in 94 percent of daughter. Among those who join the appeal is organs and tissues patients Dr. Jean Dausset wins the Nobel Prize in President Ronald Reagan. Jamie receives a liver medicine for discovering HLA molecules, the and this act contributes to the passage of a feder- Cyclosporine becomes commercially available; Researchers Folkert Belzer M.D. and James organ donor antigens critical to tissue typing ally mandated system for organ allocation in 1984 transplant list continues to grow Southard Ph.D. of the University of Wisconsin- Madison, develop the UW solution – a synthetic Dr. Clive Callendar explores why minorities The Lions Club of Colorado and Wyoming charter 85 solution that increases storage time from six to donate less frequently. Callendar identifies five an eye bank known today as the Rocky Mountain CORS receives federally designated Organ 36 hours for organs such as livers and pancreata reasons: lack of information, religious beliefs, Lions Eye Bank in Denver Procurement Organization status from the fear of premature death, mistrust of the medical Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) MHTB hosts ‘Bronco Picture Days’ where community and racist fears that organs and members of the community get photographed tissues will only go to Caucasians 83 with Denver Bronco players First successful single-lung transplant is Everett Spees M.D. of St. Luke's Hospital in performed by Dr. Joel Cooper at Toronto General Denver performs the first deceased donor Hospital in Ontario, Canada kidney transplant in November 6 8 9 1 - 0 8 9 1 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Donor Alliance’s 25 Years of Living History The University of Colorado Hospital begins First successful living-donor lung transplant 87 formal Kidney, Liver and Pancreas Transplant performed by Dr. Vaughn A. Starnes at Stanford 93 Programs under the direction of Igal Kam, M.D. Medical Center The FDA introduces donor eligibility rules for All hospitals receiving Medicare and Medicaid tissue donation reimbursements are required to establish pro- First bowel transplant performed grams to encourage organ and tissue donation 91 National Kidney Foundation conducts the first- 89 The University of Colorado Hospital begins its ever national survey of organ and tissue donor Congress authorizes the President to issue a Lung Transplant Program under the direction of families documenting current experiences The number of tissue transplants in the U.S. proclamation observing the week of April 26 Frederick Grover M.D. and Martin Zamora M.D. throughout the donation process through May 2, 1987 as “National Organ and exceeds 200,000 Patient Self-Determination Act passes, encouraging Tissue Donor Awareness Week” The Transplant Council of the Rockies, a the use of advanced directives such as living wills 94 Medicare begins paying for heart transplants at not-for-profit alliance of local organizations is and decisions about organ and tissue donation AlloSource is founded as one of the nation’s hospitals meeting certain criteria set by HCFA formed to educate the public about organ and tissue donation The Rabbinical Council of America (Orthodox) largest non-profit processors of bone and First pediatric heart transplant takes place approves organ and tissue donation as permissible, soft-tissue allografts 2. First successful living-donor liver transplant and even required, from brain-dead patients MHTB forms the nation’s first tissue bank performed by Dr. Christoph Broelsch at the Kenneth V. Iserson, M.D. publishes “Death to Dust: cooperative University of Chicago What Happens to Dead Bodies?,” a book which answers many questions including how organs CORS reports on a Gallup Poll showing 93 per- 92 CORS receives federal grant to evaluate and and tissues are recovered and transplanted cent of Americans would consent to donation characterize the region’s donor pool MHTB forms the Transplant Foundation, which functions as a corporate foundation and vehicle Medicare publishes conditions for hospital partici- 88 90 for contributions from 1993 to 1997 pation in organ and tissue donation programs At Porter Adventist Hospital, Ben Vernon M.D. The University of Colorado Hospital begins its David Campbell M.D. begins The Children's begins the Pancreas Transplant Program and Eric 95 Heart Transplant Program under the direction of Hospital Cardiac Transplant Program in Denver JoAnn Lindenfeld M.D. and David Campbell M.D. Kortz M.D. begins the Liver Transplant Program Porter Adventist Hospital in Denver transplants “Patches of Love,” a national donor quilt is created National Donor Family Council (NDFC) is created a kidney from an Oklahoma City bombing victim Americans Dr. George Hitching and Dr. Gertrude by a mother who lost her youngest daughter Elion, and Englishman Dr. James W. Black win by the National Kidney Foundation The FDA approves CellCept (mycophenolate The Children’s Hospital begins their Liver the Nobel Prize in Medicine for developing drugs The Coalition on Donation, a Richmond, Virginia mofetil), a new immunosuppressant drug that will Transplant Program under the direction of Fritz and principles of treatment that suppress the based not-for-profit alliance of national organiza- reduce the incidence of organ rejection following Karrer M.D. immune system tions and local affiliates forms to educate the transplantation Everett Spees M.D. begins the Pancreas Transplant A survey conducted by researchers at three public about organ and tissue donation Universities, finds that black people wait an 96 Program at St. Luke’s Hospital in Denver UNOS prepares first-ever comprehensive report average 139 months for a kidney transplant while on transplant survival rates for all active U.S. Michael Jordan signs on as the national First split-liver transplant is performed with two white people wait about 76 months recipients at the Paul Brousse Hospital in France transplant centers spokesperson for organ and tissue donation 6 9 9 1 - 7 8 9 1 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Donor Alliance’s 25 Years of Living History Twin-engine plane carrying a Wisconsin HCFA’s attempt to open up competition for Guidance is issued to the professional 97 transplant team crashes. The recovery team service areas covered by low performing OPOs nursing community about its role in organ survives, but the heart and lung are lost in is thwarted by Congress. Members argue that, and tissue donation Donor Alliance is formed through the merger the accident “…the current data being used to calculate of CORS and MHTB compliance with the performance standards Donor Alliance recovers organs and tissue are flawed” from its first Donation after Cardiac Death Vice President Al Gore announces a new 99 (DCD) donor five-year initiative to promote organ and UNOS launches UNet, a secure, internet-based tissue donation in the U.S.