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Monascus Spp. Con Fines Industriales www.ceba.org.ec Vol. 1 N°. 2 Año: 2018 ISSN: 2602-8530 Biorrefinería www.ceba.org.ec www.micologica.eu3.org www.biodiversity.com.ec www.ceba.org.ec Vol. 1 N°. 2 Año: 2018 ISSN: 2602-8530 El Centro Ecuatoriano de Biotecnología y Ambiente (CEBA), es una institución de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i), constituida bajo la forma de Fundación, sin fines de lucro y de utilidad común. Es una persona jurídica de derecho privado, reconocida por el Estado ecuatoriano mediante acuerdo número 026 del 17 de marzo de 2009 del Ministerio del Ambiente y publicado en el Registro Oficial número 579 del 28 de abril de 2009. El CEBA mantiene un enfoque científico- empresarial, con una filosofía de trabajo por resultados fundamentada en la competitividad. Promueve y apoya toda actividad encaminada a conseguir un equilibrio adecuado para el desarrollo económico, crecimiento de la población, uso racional de los recursos, protección y conservación del ambiente. Los resultados científicos se difunden a través de su revista científica Bionatura (www.revistabionatura.com). La misión del CEBA es proveer el soporte científico, tecnológico y empresarial a la BIOECONOMÍA Ecuatoriana, mediante el desarrollo de la Estrategia ecuatoriana de Bioeconomía (EEB), que permitan el máximo aprovechamiento de la biodiversidad en el marco del desarrollo global y sustentable. La visión del CEBA es poner al alcance de todas las personas del mundo la cooperación científica, técnica y empresarial en el campo de la BIOECONOMÍA. El CEBA se alinea a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la ONU y al Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir: Mejorar la calidad de vida de la población. Garantizar los derechos de la naturaleza y promover la sostenibilidad ambiental territorial y global. Impulsar la transformación de la matriz productiva. Asegurar la soberanía y eficiencia de los sectores estratégicos para la transformación industrial y tecnológica. Dr. C. Julio Pineda Insuasti, PhD Director Ejecutivo Centro Ecuatoriano de Biotecnología del Ambiente Periférico Sur s/n, Fincas San Agustín (San Antonio) Cel: (+593) 99 5797813, [email protected], www.ceba.org.ec Ibarra-Ecuador 2 www.ceba.org.ec Vol. 1 N°. 2 Año: 2018 ISSN: 2602-8530 Biorrefinería La Revista Biorrefinería publica trimestralmente en español o inglés trabajos inéditos de investigaciones básicas y aplicadas en los campos de la Bioeconomía, Bioagricultura, Bioalimentación, Biosalud, Bioambiente, Bioenergía, Bioindustria y otras disciplinas afines a las Ciencias de la Vida, dirigidas a la generación de nuevos conocimientos, evaluación y desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías, productos y procedimientos de trabajo con impacto a nivel mundial. Consejo Editorial / Editorial Board Comité Científico / Scientific Comittee Dr. C. Julio Pineda Insuasti, PhD. Director Ejecutivo / Executive Director 1. Dr. Rubén Del Toro, PhD. PUCE, Ecuador 2. Dr. José País, PhD, UTN. Ecuador 3. MSc. Jimmy Núñez, UTN. Ecuador Dr. C. Gualberto León Revelo, PhD. 4. MSc. Elsa Sulay Mora Muñoz. UTN, Ecuador Editor Técnico / Technical Editor 5. MSc. Edwin Ortiz Rodríguez. GAD Antonio Ante, Ecuador Ing. Astrid Stefanía Duarte Trujillo 6. MSc. Gustavo Reyes Lara. CEBA, Ecuador 7. Ing. Carlos Alfonso Santillán. CEBA, Ecuador Editor Académico / Academic Editor 8. Dr. C. Fidel Domenech PhD. ONUDI, Cuba 9. Dr. César Zuleta, PhD. PUCE, Ibarra, Ecuador MSc. Tatyana Katherine Saltos Echeverría 10. MSc. Claudia Soto Arroyave. UCO, Colombia Asistente de publicación / Publication assistant 11. MSc. Napoleón Benavides. MAE, Ecuador 12. Ing. Rubén Darío Guzmán. IANCEM, Ecuador 13. Abg. César Augusto Ponce. CEBA, Ecuador Camilo Alejandro Pineda Soto 14. MSc. William Gómez Andrade. CEBA, Ecuador Diagramador y Diseñador / Diagrammer and 15. MSc. Klever Ayala Pastaz. CEBA, Ecuador Designer 16. MSc. Juan Carlos Fiallos. CEBA, Ecuador 17. Dr. C. Mario Cujilema, PhD. CEBA, Ecuador 18. Dr. C. Ernesto Rosero Delgado, PhD. CEBA, Ecuador 19. Dra. Gabriela Cifuentes Guerra, PhD. CEBA, Ecuador 20. MSc. Javier Jiménez Forero. UNILLANOS, Colombia. 21. MSc. Estefanía Andrade. FLACSO, Ecuador 22. Msc. José Huaca. UTN, Ecuador. 23. Dr. C. Ernesto Osejos, PhD. UTN, Ecuador 24. Dr. C. Luis Enrique Trujillo Toledo, PhD. ESPE, Ecuador . Formato: 21 cm x 29,7 cm ISSN digital: 2602-8530 URL: http://www.ceba.org.ec/publicaciones/revista-biorrefineria/ Contacto: biorrefinerí[email protected] 3 www.ceba.org.ec Vol. 1 N°. 2 Año: 2018 ISSN: 2602-8530 Tabla de contenido Degradación de índigo carmín por hongos de pudrición blanca .......................................................... 5 Producción de Beauveria spp. con fines agrícolas ............................................................................ 16 Biorremediación de suelos contaminados con hidrocarburos aromáticos utilizando el hongo Pleurotus ..................................................................................................................................................... 26 Obtención de cepas puras de Monascus spp. con fines industriales .................................................. 32 Producción de la seta rosada (Pleurotus djamor) por Fermentación en Estado Sólido (FES) ............... 43 Obtención de cepas puras de Trichoderma spp ................................................................................ 53 Instrucciones a los autores ............................................................................................................. 65 4 www.ceba.org.ec Vol. 1 N°. 2 Año: 2018 ISSN: 2602-8530 Degradación de índigo carmín por hongos de pudrición blanca Indigo carmine degradation by white rot fungi Astrid Stefanía Duarte Trujillo1, Javier Alexander Jiménez Forero2, Julio Amilcar Pineda Insuasti3, Elsa Sulay Mora Muñoz4 1 Organización Micológica Internacional (OMI), Florencia, Colombia. 2 Universidad de los Llanos (UNILLANOS), Villavicencio, Colombia. 3 Centro Ecuatoriano de Biotecnología y Ambiente (CEBA), Ibarra, Ecuador. 4 Universidad Técnica del Norte (UTN), Ibarra, Ecuador. Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] Recibido: marzo 21 de 2018 Aceptado: mayo 23 de 2018 RESUMEN ABSTRACT El Índigo Carmín (IC) es un colorante textil Indigo Carmine (IC) is a widely used textile dye, ampliamente usado, que causa contaminación which causes environmental pollution due to its ambiental por su estructura polifenólica de polyphenolic structure of persistent nature. naturaleza persistente. Los Hongos de White Rot Fungi (WRF) produce a complex of Pudrición Blanca (HPB) producen un complejo non-specific enzymes capable of degrading de enzimas no específicas capaces de degradar polyphenolic dyes such as IC, so that their living colorantes polifenólicos como el IC, por lo que biomass and / or their enzymes present su biomasa viva y/o sus enzimas presentan potential industrial applications in the aplicaciones industriales potenciales en el treatment of industrial effluents, in the tratamiento de efluentes industriales, en el bleaching of pulp for paper and in the aging of blanqueo de pulpa para papel y en el fabrics. The objective of this article is to envejecido de telas. El objetivo de éste artículo describe the scientific advances in the es describir los avances científicos en la enzymatic degradation of IC by WRF and to degradación enzimática de Índigo Carmín (IC) identify the knowledge deficiencies that limit its por HPB e identificar las deficiencias de technological development. It was identified conocimiento que limitan su desarrollo that the main technological limitation is the tecnológico. Se identificó que la principal poor scaling of the process. limitante tecnológica es el deficiente escalado del proceso. KEYWORDS: bioremediation, enzymes, industry, laccases, peroxidases. PALABRAS CLAVE: biorremediación, enzimas, industria, lacasas, peroxidasas. INTRODUCCIÓN hidroxilos, entre otros, los cuales presentan sistemas de electrones deslocalizados Los colorantes sintéticos son compuestos responsables de la absorción de la radiación aromáticos que en su estructura incluyen electromagnética de diferentes longitudes de anillos aril con sustituyentes nitros, aminos, onda (Quintero y Cardona, 2010). Se pueden 5 www.ceba.org.ec Vol. 1 N°. 2 Año: 2018 ISSN: 2602-8530 clasificar por tecnología de teñido, estructura la biorremediación, trabajan con organismos química o enlace cromóforo, índice de color y vivos o muertos y/o enzimas, libres o tipo de ionización (Quintero y Cardona, 2010; inmovilizados con actividad biológica Wesenberg, 2003). depurativa, son más económicos, son efectivos y no generan lodos (Kuhad et al., Los tintes tina (incluyendo el índigo) y los 2004). En la biorremediación se han empleado sulfurosos representan alrededor del 31% del hongos y/o bacterias en cultivos individuales o mercado mundial de colorantes textiles, valor cocultivo para degradación de colorantes del cual el índigo constituye el 7%, industriales, siendo los Hongos de Pudrición representando cerca de 12.000 toneladas Blanca (HPB) de vital importancia gracias a su (Roessler, Crettenand, Dossenbach, Marte, y sistema enzimático inespecífico, que consta de Rys, 2002). Su uso está muy difundido en la ligninasas de tipo peroxidasa y fenoloxidasa, industria del denim, aunque gran parte del que en la naturaleza inician, más no dirigen la tinte empleado en la tinción de las telas, no se degradación de la lignina contenida en la fija, sino que se pierde en las aguas residuales madera, la cual tiene una estructura en proporción del 2 al 50%. Se calcula que la polifenólica similar a la de los colorantes
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