Department of Natural Resources, Annual Report 1962-1963 Department

S 077(A) DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, ANNUAL REPORT 1962-1963 DEPARTMENT

NATURAL RESOURCES

ANNUAL REPORT

1962-1963

GOVERNMENT OF QUEBEC

S- 77 Quebec, January 8, 1964.

To His Excellency

The Lieutenant-Governor Paul Comtois, P.C.

Quebec

Your Excellency:

I have the honour to submit to you the report of the Department of Natural Resources for the fiscal year ending March 31st, 1963.

Your respectful servant,

René Lévesque, Minister of Natural Resources Quebec, January 7, 1964

Mr. René Lévesque,

Minister of Natural Resources,

Quebec, Que.

Sir:

I have the honour to present to you the annual report of the Department of Natural Resources, covering the fiscal year extending from April 1st, 1962, to March 31st, 1963. It is made up of notes prepared by the directors and the chiefs of services.

Your obedient servant,

P.-E. Auger, Deputy Minister TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Chapter I : Administration Branch 1

Chapter II : Mines Branch 5

Chapter III : Waters Branch 40

Chapter IV : Planning Branch 76

Chapter V : Information Branch 78

Appendix I : Participation in scientific organizations 83

Appendix II : Progress of the mining industry of Quebec

in 1962 85

List of the Branches and Services with the Names and Office Telephone Numbers of the Chiefs Mines Branch B.-T. Denis 4619 Geological Services I.W. Jones 4629 Geological Surveys Service H.W. McGerrigle 4535 Mineral Deposits Service P.-E. Grenier 4606 Regional geological offices: Rouyn-Noranda, at Rouyn J. Dugas 762-6591 Val-d'Or - Matagami,at Bourlamaque M. Latulippe 824-6668 Chibougamau - Bachelor Lake, at Chibougamau G. Duquette(Chibou- 2880 Eastern Townships - Gasps Péninsula gamau) and Lake Saint-Jean, at Quebec R. Marleau 4508 Montreal and Western Quebec, at Montreal A. Deland 844-1051 Groundwater, Gas and Petroleum Service R. Roy 4584 Cartography Service. A. Blanchette 4628 MininT Services J.-E. Gilbert 4622 Civil Engineering Service M. Ricard 4579 Mining Operations Service R.-H. Taschereau 4484 'Legal Service R. Langevin 4536 Inspection of Mines Service M.-0. Lafontaine 4556 District Inspectors at: Noranda (' Courtemanche 762-2479 Thetford F. Cloutier 338-1091 Quebec L. Trudel 4513 Mineral Rights Service F.-U. Roux 4557 District Registrars at: Amos F. Adams 722-2795 Chibougamau R.-H. Lefebvre (Chibougamau) 2751 Montreal F. Turcotte 844-1051 Rouyn R.-H. Théberge 762-6591 Agent at Bourlamaque M. Laforest 824-6817 Laboratories Services M. Archambault 4508 Pilot-plant Services P.-E. Pelletier 4559 Waters Branch J.-C. Chagnon 4558 Hydraulic Services C.-E. Deslauriers 4520 Hydraulic Works. Service G. Poitras 4521 Hydraulic Domain Service R.-L. Ménard 4577 Hydrological Services M. SliVitzky 4563 Hydrography Service E. Bernier 4457 Hydrometry Service M. Hendler 4554 Meteorology Service O. Villeneuve 4572 Operation of Dams Service R.-C. Pesant 4500 Planning Branch M. Bélanger 4550 Photogrammetry Service L. Valois 4574 Economic Studies Service A. Marier 4547 Administration Branch R. Cormier 4488 Personnel Service C.-P. Bélanger 4487 Purchasing Service G. Durand 4489 Accounting Service J.-C. Delaunière 4590 Archives Service G. Gauthier (Waters) 4515 P. Bordeleau (Mines) 4580 Equipment Service C.R. Staniforth 4464 Secretariat and Scholarships Committee Gisèle Landreville 4495 Information Branch L. Beaudoin 4476 EMBLEM •

In November 1961, the Department of Natural Resour- ces adopted a distinctive coat of arms emblematic of the mergence of its hydraulic and mineral resources.

The golden lightning on a red background symbolizes the electrical energy that is derived from Quebec's hydraulic resources. The ore-wagon in a drift represents the exploitation of minerals. The gold background stands for metals and the black, for non-metallic substances - resources from the sub-soil of Quebec. The monogram "Q", which surrounds the shield and the fleurs-de-lis, expresses the gathering together of the resources that the State intends to develop for the benefit of its population, the majority of whom are of French extraction.

CHAPTER I

Administration Branch

The Administration Branch comprises the following services: Personnel, Equipment, Purchasing, Archives, Secretariat. It is also responsible for the control of the Department's budget.

In addition to the routine administrative work involved in the supervision of as large an organization as the Depart- ment of Natural Resources, the executive of the Branch was given the task of overseeing the transformation of the building formerly occupied by the School of Mines of Laval University, on Boulevard de l'Entente. This building was occupied in the spring of 1963 by the main services of the Department, with the exception of the Waters Branch, scheduled to move later from the St. Amable Street building into the former School of Chemistry building; the Pilot-plant, permanently installed in Industrial Area No. 5; and the Laboratories Service, which will remain in the "E" building until it gets its own quarters.

The number of people employed by the Department increased from 632 on March 31st, 1962, to 653 on April 1st, 1963. During the year, 92 employees left and 113 were hired. The professional staff numbering 159 persons, includes eighteen chemical engineers, ten metallurgical engineers, two engineers specialists in mineralogy, two engineers specialists in physics, forty-one geologists, neneteen mining engineers, thirty-nine civil engineers, three electrical engineers, three forestry engineers, one surveyor, one engineer specialist in meteorology, two geographers, three mechanical engineers, four legal advisers, eight economists, one industrial relations specialist, one scientist and one chartered accountant.

The Equipment division outfitted thirty-eight survey parties dealing with geology, hydrography, hydrology and hydrometry; it also supplied material to the personnel supervising mine roads construction and to the inspectors of mines dealing with safe working conditions.

It is interesting to note that the inventory value of the equipment, including a fleet of ninety vehicles, is close to one million dollars. - 2 -

By an Order in Council, dated November 21st, 1962, the Accountant division has been placed under the authority of the Treasury Board.

SCHOLARSHIPS

In order to give the needed impetus to water con- versation and to the utilization of the Province's streams for domestic, agricultural, industrial and commercial uses, the Department of Natural Resources, in 1962-63, started granting scholarships to students who intend tô become engineers or specialists in the fields of hydraulics, hydroelectricity, hydrology, meteorology or other allied sciences.

The Department is continuing the policy, instituted many years ago, of granting scholarships to young people who are studying mining engineering, geology or metallurgy.

At the Minister's request, the following committees studied the applications for scholarships:

Mines Waters

Messrs. Eugène Larochelle, Messrs. Raymond Latreille, Secretary General, Commissioner, Quebec Metal Mining Hydro-Quebec, Association, Chairman Chairman

Rev. J.W. Laverdière, Raymond Boucher, Director, Director, Department of Geology, Department of Civil Engineering, Laval University Ecole Polytechnique

Jacques Lemieux, Bernard Michel, Dean, Director, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sherbrooke Laval University

Arthur Dubs, Michel Normandin, Director, Director, Department of Mines and Department of Civil Engineer- Metallurgy, Laval University ing, University of Sherbrooke - 3 -

J.E. Gill, Svenn Orvig, Director, Professor of Meteorology Department of Geology, McGill University McGill University

Henri Gaudefroy, Miss Gisèle Landreville Director, Secretary of the Committee Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal Miss Gisèle Landreville Secretary of the Committee

In both cases, applications were processed in a similar manner: first choice was given to graduate students wishing to continue their studies to obtain a master's or a doctor's degree, and second choice went to students in an engineering school who had completed the first two years of the science course.

Although candidates are judged on their scholastic merits, the committees also take their financial condition into consideration.

A graduate's scholarship has been set at $1,500.00; however,this amount can be changed to fit the student's needs at the discretion of one or the other committees. An undergraduate receives $400.00 if he lives in the town where the university is located, or $750.00 if he lives out of that town.

In 1962-63, the Department of Natural Resources awarded scholarships to 108 students attending the following universities:

Graduates engaged in specialized studies:

Mines Waters

Laval University 10 2 Ecole Polytechnique 3 McGill University 6 University of California 1 Stanford University (California) 1 University of Tulsa (Oklahoma) 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology - 1 Ohio State University - 1 University of Edinburgh 1 - 4 - Mines Waters

University of Utrecht (Netherlands) 1 Ecole Polytechnique (France) - 1 University de Grenoble (France) - 1 University de Bordeaux (France) - 1 University of Glasgow - 1

24 8

Undergraduate Students:

Laval University 24 11 Ecole Polytechnique 32 3 University of Sherbrooke - 2 McGill University 1 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1 University of Mexico 1

59 17

83 25 Grand total 108 CHAPTER II

Mines Branch

The Quebec government has never ventured into the mining exploration and development fields as the State does in certain countries. For that reason The Quebec Mining Act has been conceived so as to leave the development of the mineral resources of the Province to individuals and to private societies. Statute 9-10, Elizabeth II, Chapter 48, stipulates that the Department of Natural Resources is responsible for the enforcement of the Quebec Mining Act, and this responsibility has been delegated to the Mines Branch.

The main duties of the Branch involve: a) The administration of mining lands through issuance and registration of mining titles; b) The assistance to the mining industry through the establishment of technical services that give the public geological studies and maps, laboratory facilities for the analysis of samples and a pilot-plant where research on treatment processes can be conducted on a semi-industrial scale; c) The opening of access roads to mineral resources, and, when mining operations are located in isolated areas, the organization of mining villages for the welfare 6f workers and their families; d) The supervision of mining operations so as to ensure the safety 6f employees, the prevention of air and water pollution by mining operations; e) The collection of dues on mines.

In 1962-63, using round figures, and not counting revenues, the services comprised in the Mines Branch have been responsible for expenditures close to $5.1 millions out of a total of $10.4 millions spent by the whole department. To this must be added a sum of approximately $500,000 that the Mines Branch spent for activities closely related to the development of mineral resources.

Contributions to research in mining totalled nearly $2 millions; $800,000 allocated to the Laboratories and the Pilot-plant and $1.1 millions to the Geological Services.

Construction and maintenance of mine roads cost nearly $1.5 millions, of which $1.1 millions represent capital expenditures for new construction. The above figures do not include some -6 -

$725,000 refunded by the Federal government under that section of the programme covered by the Federal-Provincial agreement in the construction of roads to resources.

The organization of mining villages cost another $1.1 millions but this sum will be recovered, in the long run, and, for that reason, has been transferred to capital investments.

Finally, the supervision of mining operations, the administration of mining lands, the purchase and maintenance of equipment, the printing and distribution of publications, and the overhead costs of services forming the Mines Branch have adsorbed, as a whole, $1.1 millions.

Revenues collected under the provisions of laws affecting mines totalled $5,622,314.87.

A - Geological Services

The Geological Services, the function of which is to study the geology of Quebec and to deal with related problems, are divided in four entities: the Geological Surveys Service, the Mineral Deposits Service, the Groundwater, Gas and Petroleum Service, and the Cartography Service. The facilities of the last mentioned are also at the disposition of other branches of the Department, but, because the greatest part of its work is tied up with geological work, it has been found more suitable to include the Cartography Service with the Geological Services.

Mention should be made of two projects which were carried out and which will affect the future progress of the geological survey and the mining development of Quebec. One of these is the initiation of a programme of aeromagnetic surveys the results of which will help in the draughting of geological maps and in the discovery of mineral deposits. During the year in revew, and with the cost shared equally between the Department of Natural Resources and the Federal Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, the programme resulted in the aeromagnetic surveying of an area covering approximately 41,560 square miles.

During the year, the Department sponsored an educa- tional film on the geologist's career. To make it, the film director had the collaboration of our geological services and travelled to various parts of the Province to film our geologists at work. Shown - 7 - in schools and colleges, this film should help bring the geological sciences to the attention of students and draw to the profession the numerous geologists needed by Quebec.

Following is a summary of the work performed by the Geological Services, but the result of each survey done in 1962 is not mentioned, as was the rule in past annual reports. Instead, a summary of these results was published, during the winter, in a special bulletin bearing No. S-70, so as to transmit as soon as possible the useful data it contains to prospectors and other people interested in the search for mineral deposits.

At the end of the section dealing with the Geological Services, will be found a list of the survey parties fielded in 1962-63, together with a map showing where they were sent.

1) Geological Surveys Service

The Geological Surveys Service has the task of preparing the geological map of the Province. Geologists observe the nature, distribution, structural relations and economic possibilities of rock formations in various areas. They then write reports and draw maps,thus summarizing the results of their studies. These studies, once published, are very useful to prospectors, geologists and mining companies as guides to areas where geological formations are more favorable for prospecting for ore deposits, petroleum and natural gas, industrial minerals and building materials.

On March 31st, 1963, the permanent professional staff numbered thirteen geologists and engineer-geologists. They were assisted by three technical assistants and clerks and six secretaries.

Most of the field work is done at the scale of one inch to the half mile and maps are published at one inch to the mile. Up to now, about 113,000 or nineteen per cent of the 600,000 square miles of Quebec has been surveyed at that scale. Of the total, 110,000 square miles or seventeen per cent was mapped by the Geolo- gical Surveys Service.

Unfortunately, finding enough experienced geologists to take charge of parties is difficult. As a result, the 1962 survey programme covered an area 25 per cent smaller that that in 1961 and 40 per cent smaller than the one of 1960. - 8 -

The 1962 programme comprised twenty-three projests, eight less than in 1961. There was only one reconnaissance survey party, as compared with three in 1961. The survey parties covered an area of 1,850 square miles. The maps to be published will be at the scale one inch to four miles.

Twenty-one parties, as compared with twenty-five in 1961, mapped a total of 5,135 square miles (about 0.9 per cent of Quebec's area) in such a way as to permit the publication of maps at the scale of one inch to the mile.

The other party carried out a special assignment. To keep abreast of Northern developments, it called on all the mining companies working in New Quebec, between Ungava and Hudson bays.

The twenty-two parties who did regional geology were scattered throughout the Province, south of latitude 52°00' : fifteen worked north of the Saint-Lawrence in the Precambrian area; seven, to the south of the river, mostly in the Paleozoic rocks of the Appalachian sub-province.

Of the twenty-three surveys, only seven were led by members of the permanent staff. The others were employed on a short- term basis: six were university teachers and ten were geologists studying in various universities towards their doctor's degree. The parties included also twenty-three other geologists, forty-eight students and forty-seven helpers.

In addition to the twenty-three party leaders, a university professor, employed on a part-time basis, helped, supervised and acted as a consultant on certain projects concerning the south of the Province.

The chief of the Service and five other staff geologists were engaged in administrative and supervisory work and in other special projects.

During the field season, many parties received visits from geologists, engineers and prospectors. During the year, numerous persons interested in the mining industry called at the Service's offices in Quebec and obtained a great deal of information on the geology of all sectors of the Province. In addition, the personnel answered numerous written inquiries. - 9 -

Finally, the Service collaborates with the Mineral Deposits Service by supplying, to the latter's Technical Archives, a report on every mineralized outcrop that was studied during the regional mapping.

During the years, some of the geologists of the Geological Surveys Service presented papers at scientific meetings or had them published in technical reviews. The following is a list of these papers.

Metallic Mineralization in the Appalachian of Southern Quebec - study prepared by J. Béland, geologist, with the assistance of R. Marleau, J. Pérusse and G. Duquette, geologists, with the Mineral Deposits Service, published in the April (1962) number of the Canadian Mining Journal. Regional Geologic Setting of the Sutton Area, Eastern Townships, Quebec - paper presented by J. Béland, geologist, to the Seminar on Tectonics organized by the Geology Department of McGill University, at Sutton, on May 11th, 1962. Quelques observations tectoniques sur la Gaspésie et la région adjacente - paper presented by J. Béland, geologist, to the 30th congress of A.C.F.A.S., at Montreal, on November 3rd, 1962. Historique et développement du concept des charnockites — paper presented by F.X. Benoit, geologist, to the Société Géologique de Québec, on February 19th, 1963. Tectonics of Regions Bordering the Ungava Stable Area - study by Robert Bergeron, Jean Bérard and Léopold Gélinas, geologists, published in "The Tectonics of the Canadian Shield". The Royal Society of Canada, University of Toronto Press, 1962. Origine des charnockites, paper presented by A.F. Laurin, geologist, to the Société Géologique de Québec, on February 19th, 1963. La tectonique d'une partie de la sous-province de Grenville de Québec, paper presented by Marcel Morin, geologist, to the Société Géologique de Québec, on October 8th, 1962. Tectonics of Part of the Grenville Sub-province in Quebec, study by Marcel Morin, with the collaboration of F. Fitz Osborne, both geologists, and published in "The Tectonic of the Canadian Shield," The Royal Society of Canada, University of Toronto Press, 1962. New Greenstone Areas Southeast of James Bay, Quebec, paper presented by J.H. Remick, geologist, at the 31st annual congress of the Pros- pectors and Developers Association, in Toronto, on March 13th, 1963. Description and distribution des charnockites dans la province de Québec, paper presented by Jehan Rondot, geologist, to the Société Géologique de Québec, on February 19th, 1963. - 10 -

The chief of the Geological Surveys Service, H.W. McGerrigle, represented the Department of Natural Resources, during the year, in the "National Advisory Committee on Research in the Geological Sciences".

2) Mineral Deposits Service

The Mineral Deposits Service endeavours to increase its knowledge of the metallic and industrial ore deposits in the Province and to disseminate such information as would ensure a scientific and efficient development of these deposits. To achieve this, the Service does three things that are closely related, although described separately hereunder. Firstly, the Service collects information concerning mineralized deposits and studies each of the mining districts as a whole. This entails detailed geological mapping,, and visits to mining properties; laboratory work, compilations and various studies follow. Secondly, the Service is responsible for the collection and classification of technical documents bearing on mineral deposits and for indexing such documents which, as a-whole, represent reports on exploration work undertaken by mining companies. Finally, the Service acts as a central information bureau concerning the ore deposits and the mining industry of the Province. This last function is evidently useful to the various services of the Department, to the mining companies engaged in exploration and in production, and to the public in general.

The Service is made up of sixteen permanent geologists and engineers assisted by twenty-five clerks, secretaries, steno- graphers and technicians. This personnel is distributed among the Quebec central office and the five regional offices maintained respectively in Rouyn,Bourlamaque, Chibougamau, Quebec and Montreal. During the year, five geologists and engineers left the Service but were replaced.

The personnel of the Quebec central office, under the chief of the Service, deals with all the administration and with some technical. problems. Some of these tasks are: study, choice and initiation of annual field work, technical editing of reports and their preparation for publication, direction of the Technical Archives, and a certain amount of research work in geology and in geochemistry.

The Mineral Deposits Service has a division dealing mainly with industrial minerals. The chief of this division, assisted by two engineers, follows closely the operations of rough stone and crushed stone quarries, sandpits, gravel pits, mines or prospects of industrial minerals, and of commercial establishments using industrial minerals. One of the important tasks of the division is to gather information on market conditions and the demand for the various industrial minerals. Also under study are the possibilities of using additional or new industrial minerals in commercial establishments.

The Technical Archives division keeps growing with the number of documents entrusted to it, with the requests for information, and with the number of permissions granted to consult its files. These files are estimated to contain now more than 15,000 work and inspection reports. The master index will have 100,000 cards when completed.

Two thousand reports and maps were sent to the Technical Archives during the year. Close to 1,200 pages of text and 300 maps were photostated in answer to requests from mining companies and persons interested in exploration. During the year, the files were divided into two sections: a confidential section and another open to consultation by the public. This allows the Service to give a faster and more efficient service to those who want information.

Regional offices are manned by a resident geologist and, usually, an assistant. Each of the resident geologists must keep abreast of the mining exploration and development going on in his district. He must also compile and correlate geological data about his district and supply information to mining companies and prospectors. Moreover, he must visit mining properties and report on the exploration and development in progress. Finally, he is obliged to supervise the detailed geological mapping of his district. For the purpose of assist- ing him,he is supplied with a collection, as complete as can be made, of work reports for his district. The reports and maps published by the Government, together with a series of volumes on geology and mining, come in handy for reference purposes.

During the fiscal year, the Mineral Deposits Service completed eight programmes of detailed mapping covering about 245 square miles. Thirty-three persons were engaged in this work: eleven geologists (four from the permanent staff and seven part-time employees), seventeen student assistants, and five other helpers.

In addition to the regular mapping programmes, some applied research work was carried out during the year. A geochemical sampling of the rocks, soils and stream sediments in the Weedon- - 12 -

Stratford area of the Eastern Townships was undertaken and studies were conducted in the field concerning the metallic mineralizations and the metallogenic map of the Appalachians in Quebec.

The courses in prospecting sponsored every year by the Department of Natural Resources are a responsibility of the Mineral Deposits Service. During 1962-63, courses were given in the following nine localities: Saint-Raymond, Portneuf county; Mont-Louis, Gaspé- North county; Rigaud, Vaudreuil county; Saint-Donat, Montcalm county; Saint-Alexis-des-Monts, Maskinongé county; Ste-Rose-du-Dégelé, Témiscouata county; Saint-Georges, Beauce county; Arvida,Jonquiére county; and Causapscal, Matapédia county. The choice of locals for the courses was dictated by the policy adopted during the year, by which the Department advertises its intention of giving courses in prospecting in any place where a local group will give them enough publicity and will supply the accommodations needed for the lectures. This new policy has yielded good results, judging from the numerous requests for these courses and by the increased attendance at the lectures, as compared with preceding years.

More advanced courses in prospecting, lasting six weeks, are usually given at Laval University, Quebec, and at Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal. In 1962-63, however, these lectures were given in Montreal only.

During the year, the personnel of the Service prepared articles and papers that were either presented at scientific meetings or published in technical reviews. The main contributions are as follows:

Introduction to the Geology and Ore Deposits of Chibougamau. paper presented by R. Assad to the group that took part in the Chibougamau geological field trip under the auspices of the "Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy," on October 2nd and 3rd, 1962. For this occasion, the Department of Natural Resources, together with the Chibougamau mines, prepared a forty-page special report entitled: "The Geology and Mining Development of the Chibougamau Mining District". R. Assad wrote and edited part of the report. Field trips were organized and conducted by R. Assad and G. Duquette. Chibougamau Geology, paper presented by R. Assad to the "Porcupine Geological Discussion Croup", on January 16th, 1963. Les Minéraux Industriels de la Province de Québec, paper presented by A. Deland to the Cercle Géologique Termier of Montreal University and - 13 -

to the Monteregian Club of McGill University in February, 1963. Industrial Minerals of the Montreal District, paper presented by A. Deland at the annual meeting of the "Prospectors and Developers Association," in Toronto, on March 12th, 1963. This paper was published in the April(1963)number of the "Canadian Mining Journal". Prospecting Possibilities in the Belleterre Area, Western Quebec, paper presented by J. Dugas at the annual meeting of the "Prospectors and Developers Association," in Toronto, on March 1963, and published in the April(1963)number of the "Canadian Mining Journal". The Val d'Or - Malartic Gold Belt, paper presented by M. Latulippe at the annual meeting of the "Prospectors and Developers Association" in March 1963 and published in the April(1963)number of the "Canadian Mining Journal".

3) Groundwater. Gas and Petroleum Service

The Groundwater, Gas and Petroleum Service conducts hydrogeological surveys, when requested to do so by municipalities in quest of some underground source, and observes the drilling done by private companies searching for natural gas and petroleum in Quebec.

As a matter of fact, there are many municipal councils, public utilities or authorities, who prefer a supply of underground water to surface water (lake, river, stream) because of the latter's cost when conveyed from afar. It is the function of the Groundwater, Gas and Petroleum Service to answer those requests, first by conducting a geological survey on the ground to locate suitable formations, and then by drilling and pumping tests to assess the water potential. This was the work done by three engineer-geologists and three technicians of the hydrogeology division during some sixty-one hydrogeological surveys undertaken in thirty counties during the fiscal year in review.

On the other hand, many private societies are known to be searching for natural gas and petroleum in various regions of Quebec. Seven companies drilled twenty-one wells, seventeen in the St-Lawrence Lowlands, two in the Lac Saint-Jean area, one in the Gaspé area, and one in Anticosti island. In this respect, the duties of the members of the Gas and Petroleum division are to observe closely the drilling operations to ensure adherence to regulations, to measure the discharge and pressure of main gas flows encountered, to analyse samples, to establish the correlations between the various geological formations and to determine the characteristics of gas zones disclosed through drilling in order to map and index the details of the drilling. - 14 -

While engaged in this work, the Service's engineers and geologists have continued to compile the results of the drilling operations carried out here and there since 1958 and to revise the regulations governing the drilling of wells for gas and petroleum.

The Mineral Deposits Service has published a map, at the scale of one inch equals four miles, showing the geological formation of the entire St. Lawrence Lowlands.

It should be mentioned that the Service has continued the study, initiated last year, of the geology of the Pleistocene age. With the collaboration of the Geological Surveys Service, a party has mapped the unconsolidated formations of the Verchères area to assist in solving foundations and water supply problems created by urban and industrial expension.

During the year, a paper was presented by Raymond Roy: "A Comparison of Groundwater. Hydrology in Pleistocene, Paleozoic and Precambrian Rocks of the Quebec St. Lawrence Lowlands and Vicinity". It was given at the Third National Symposium on Hydrology, held at Calgary, on November 8th and 9th, 1962.

4) Cartography Service

The Cartography Service is divided into three divisions, and, at April 1st, 1963, it was employing nineteen Persons: thirteen draughtsmen, two clercks, one secretary and one messenger.

The Service has the task of drawing up the maps, diagrams or miscellaneous plans needed by the geological and mining services. Its main function is threefold: to prepare the base maps indispensable in conducting geological parties; to keep up to date the mining claims maps; and to draw the maps attached to the Depart- ment's publications, particularly those pertaining to geology.

Thus the Cartography Service prepares, for the use of the geological survey parties, base maps on tracing linen bearing topographical data gleaned from aerial photographs or other sources. In addition, it keeps up to date two sets of tracings on linen at the scale of one inch to the half mile. On the first appears the location of mining claims and concessions; on the second, the boundaries of mining properties. The number of tracings in the latter series reached 728 during the fiscal year; on the 1,251 tracings of the first series were marked the stakings of 29,262 new mining claims. From all - 15 - these tracings, 15,359 prints were struck off to fulfill the numerous requests for the material.

However, the most important work done by the Carto- graphy Service is the draughting of the maps attached to either the preliminary or final geological reports, and the supervision of their printing at the lithographer's. The maps in reference. belong to two series: one is inserted in all preliminary reports; the other, in all final or complete geological reports. They represent geological information gathered in the field, together with topographical data, township lines and sites of mining properties. The first type of maps, attached to preliminary geological reports, are printed in green, or in red and green over a black background; the second, completed after more searching geological research to illustrate the final geological study of an area, are drawn for multicoloured printing.

The forty-one preliminary geological maps completed during the year cover the following areas:

No. 1368 - Hopes Advance Bay area No. 1370 South Half of Figuery Township and Southwest Quarter of Landrienne Township No. 1390 - Dieskau - Loubias Area No. 1397 - Guay - Bruchési Area No. 1402 - Montjoie Lake Area No. 1403 - Condé Area No. 1405 - Cuoq - Langis Area No. 1406 - Northwest of Montbray Township No. 1408 = Part of Grenville Township No. 1409 - Denys - Fagnant Lakes Area No. 1413 - Brisebois Lake Area -No. 1414 - Watts Lake Area No. 1415 - Village Lakes Area No. 1416 - Southeast of Daubrée Township No. 1419 - Collet - Laberge Area No. 1420 - Frotet Lake Area No. 1421 - Rémigny - Villars Area No. 1422 - Tichégami River Area No. 1423 - Belleau - Desaulniers Area No. 1424 - Lower Manicouagan River Area No. 1426 - Lussier - Tellier Area No. 1427 Miquelon Lake Area No. 1428 - Pivert Lake Area No. 1458 - Fabre - Mazenod Area

- 16 -

No. 1459 - Grande Rivière Area No. 1460 Catherine Lake Area No. 1461 Lower Hart-Jaune River Area No. 1462 Mouchalagane and Manicouagan Rivers Area No. 1465 - Félix Lake Area No. 1467 - Chénier-Bédard Area No. 1468 - Rivière-Ouelle - Ixworth Area No. 1469 — Geological Parties, 1962 No. 1474 Beloeil Area No. 1475 - Acton Area No. 1476 - Salomon Lake Area No. 1477 Patrick River Area No. 1478 - Lower Joncas River Area No. 1479 - Tissot Lake Area No. 1480 - Rupert Bay Area No. 1490 - Southwest of Montbray Township No. 1491 - Geological Parties 1961

Following is the list of the final or complete geological maps published during the fiscal year:

No. 1352 - Sainte-Perpétue Area No. 1372 - Malartic Gold-bearing Zone No. 1398 - Underground Geology of the East Malartic Mine No. 1399 - Block Diagram of the Barnat Mine No. 1407 - St. Lawrence Lowlands

In addition, the Service drew up twenty-eight plans for the use of the Groundwater, Gas and Petroleum Service, and eighty- three other figures or plans either to illustrate publications or for the personal use of the Department. Finally, the Illustration Division of the Cartography Service prepares the formulae, graphs, and vignettes appearing on the cover of every report, at the request of the Inform- ation Branch.

Following is the list of geological survey parties organized in 1962, presented by service, with the name of the area mapped and the name of the geologist in charge. Numbers refer to the adjoining map.

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A) Geological Surveys Service

1 - New Quebec L. Gélinas and Pierre Sauvé 2 - Montagnes Lake Area, Mistassini Territory Guy Valiquette 3 - Troilus Lake Area, Abitibi Territory D.L. Murphy 4 - Colomb-Chaboullié-Fabulet Area, Abitibi J.H. Remick and Territory Pierre J. Gillain 5 - Guigues-Pontleroy Area, Rouyn-Noranda and Témiscamingue Counties J.-Y. Chagnon 6 - Kipawa Lake Area, Témiscamingue County J.-L. Robert 7 Bourbonnais-Limousin Area, Pontiac County R.-J.-E. Sabourin 8" - Chapleau-Kaine Area, Saint-Maurice and Maskinongé Counties Erich Dimroth 9 - Gouin Dam Area (Central Section) Abitibi- East, Laviolette and Roberval Counties (1 inch = 4 miles) A.-F. Laurin 10'- Commissaires Lake Area, Roberval County F.-W. Benoit il - Riverin Lake Area, Chicoutimi County A.T. Anderson 12 - Pipmuacan Lake Area (West Part), Chicoutimi County Jean Lacasse 13 Miquelon Lake Area (West Part), Saguenay County E.W. Grove 14 - Bois-Long Lake Area, Saguenay County Jean Bérard 15 - Hart-Jaune River Area, Saguenay County Leslie Kish 16 - Saint-Augustin Area, Duplessis County Raymond Davies 17 - Granby Area (West Part), Shefford, Rouville, Bagot, Saint-Hyacinthe, Missisquoi and Brome Counties T. H. Clark 18 Granby Area (East Part), Shefford and Brome Counties P.R. Eakins 19 - Actonvale Area, Shefford, Bagot and Drummond Counties P.-J. Lespérance 20 - Kamouraska Area, L'Islet and Kamouraska Counties Claude Hubert 21 - Bic Area, Rimouski County Jean Lajoie 22 - Chandler - Port-Daniel, Gaspé-Sud and Bonaventure Counties W. G. Ayrton 23 Percé Area, Gaspé-Sud County W.B. Skidmore - 18 -

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B) Mineral Deposits Service

24 - Southeast Quarter of Isle-Dieu Township and North Half of Galinée Township, Matagami Area, Abitibi-East County J. Sharpe

25 - South Half of Hébécourt Township, Rouyn District, Abitibi-West County C. Thibault

26 - Southeast Quarter of Cléricy Township, Rouyn District, Rouyn-Noranda County .... R. Arbour

27 -' West Half of Carpentier Township, Val-d'Or District, 'Abitibi-East County. Claude René

28 - Northwest Quarter of Lévy Township, Abitibi- East County L. Wolhuter

29 - Northwest Quarter of Roy Township, G. Duquette and Chibougamau District A. Mathieu

30 - Sherbrooke Area, Eastern Townships P. St-Julien

31 Geology and Geochemistry, Weedon-Stratford C. Ritter and Area, Eastern Townships, Wolfe County R. Assad

C) Groundwater, Gas and Petroleum Service

32 - Verchères Area, Verchères, Richelieu and Saint-Hyacinthe Counties Pierre Lasalle - 20 -

B - Mining Services

The Mining Services are entrusted with the granting of mining titles on Crown lands by issuing, as the case may be, miner's certificates, development licenses or special licenses, with the selling or renting of Crown lands for mining purposes, and with the duty of see- ing that holders of mining titles fulfill the obligations inherent in the titles obtained. Through a system of frequent inspections, it ascertains that the work performed in mines, quarries and ore treatment plants is carried out according to the provisions of the Quebec Mining Act. Finally, the civil engineering works done by the Department, such as road construction and maintenance, establishment of mining villages, drainage of peat bogs, etc., fall also under the jurisdiction of the Mining Services.

Thus, the Mining Services group the following entities: the Mineral Rights Service, the Mining Operations Service, the Inspection of Mines Service, and the Civil Engineering Service.

(1) Through the provisions of Sections 31, 34, 40, 49, 51-b, 53, 67, 68, 74, 75, 79, 83, 85, and 228, of the Quebec Mining Act are derived the functions of the Mineral Rights Service. It issues miner's certificates, accepts and records claims and transfers of mining rights, issues and renews development and special licences, sells mining concessions,and prepares and recommends the issuance of letters patent by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council. More particularly, the Service must see that the holders of mining rights follow the provisions of the Quebec Mining Act and fulfill the obligations attached to the titles obtained.

It should be made clear that'the regional offices of the Service located in Bourlamaque, Ville-Marie, Hull and Campbell's Bay issue only miner's certificates, whereas the Quebec office and those of Montreal, Amos, Rouyn and Chibougamau also take care of claims registration. Finally, it is only at the Quebec office that transfer of mining rights may be recorded, development and special licenses issued, mining concessions sold, and the granting of letters patent prepared and recommended.

During the fiscal year in review, the Mineral Rights Service sold 8,060 miner's certificates, accepted and recorded 29,262 claims, and issued or renewed 7,450 development licenses. Under the provisions of Sections 75 and 79 of the Quebec Mining Act, holders of claims supplied documents confirming reports that they had done development works equivalent to 1,078,723 man-days of work. - 21 -

In addition, according to Section 34 of the Quebec Mining Act, the Service recorded 3,004 transfers of mining rights, and, upon recommendation of the Director of Mining Services, sold. 14 mining concessions in accordance with the provisions of Section 40. Moreover, the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, under the authority of Sections 31, 51-b and 228, granted four mineral exploration licenses, three special exploration licenses and one special mining license, as follows:- 1) one mineral exploration license for all minerals in New Quebec; 2) two mineral exploration licenses for combustible natural gas, petroleum or naphtha in the St. Lawrence valley; 3) one mineral exploration license for combustible natural gas, petroleum or naphtha, in the Gaspé area; 4) three special exploration licenses for all minerals except gold and silver: the first in Inverness township, Mégantic county; the second, in Brome township, Brome county; the third, in Onslow township, Pontiac county; and 5) one special operation license for peat in Bergeronnes and Escoumains townships, Saguenay county.

Finally, it should be noted that the Lieutenant- Governor in Council approved two requests to withdraw land in New Quebec from staking under the provisions of Section 227 of the Quebec Mining Act. These requests covered: 1) a strip of land, two miles wide, stretching from mile 8.3 of the Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway right-of-way to the southern end of Wabush lake, withdrawn from staking for a three-year period to allow the lengthening of the railway to that point; 2) 1,700 square miles in the Eau Claire Lake area, between latitudes 56°25' and 55°52' and between longitudes 73050' and 75°00', withdrawn from staking for a twelve-month period to facilitate special scientific studies undertaken there by the Federal Department of Mines and Technical Surveys.

(2) The Mining Operations Service studies requests presented to the Department of Natural Resources dealing with the approval, by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, of mill and tailings sites consistent with requirements of Sections 13 (2), 37, 100, 123 and 127 of the Quebec Mining Act. It examines reports of exploration or development work and the geological, geophysical and metallurgical studies submitted by holders of mining rights according to Sections 45, 75 and 79 of the Quebec Mining Act. It collects dues on mines in conformity with Section 13 (1) of the Act. It gathers and compiles statistical reports which every mine operator must supply according to Section 113 of the same Act. Finally, it oversees the application of the "Unwrought Metal Sales Act". - 22-

a)In conformity with Section 37 of the Quebec Mining Act, six mining companies hold a lease, under conditions stip- ulated by an Order in Council, on Crown lands where they deposit tailings or waste, and two other companies operate sand and gravel pits. The Department also rents to another operator, under Section 127 of the Act, a strip of land for the installation and operation of an aerial tramway.

In addition, the Lieutenant-Governor in Council approved the site of the mill of Vauze Mines Limited in Dufresnoy township, Rouyn-Noranda county, in virtue of Section 13 (2) of the Quebec Mining Act. Moreover, the Department of Natural Resources has approved, under the provisions of Section 123 of the Act, four new tailings sites, for the following mining companies: The Coniagas Mines Limited in Lesueur township, Abitibi-East county; Vauze Mines Limited in Dufresnoy township, Rouyn-Noranda county; Solbec Copper Mines Limited in Stratford township, Wolfe county; Noranda Mines Limited in Beauchastel township, Rouyn-Noranda county.

b) An engineer made twelve trips to twenty-four mines, both active and inactive, and collected 108 samples to study the influence of the tailings and mine waste products on the surrounding watershed.

c) An engineer also studied and approved 90 geological maps and studies, 213 geophysical maps and reports, four metallurgical studies, 262 diamond drilling journals and relevant appended documents. All these documents had been submitted to the Department by holders of claims and of development licenses in conformity with the provisions of Sections 75 and 79 of the Quebec Mining Act concerning statutory work to be performed on their mining property. Moreover, the same engineer studied the nine reports submitted to support requests for mining concessions according to the requisites of Section 45 of the Act.

Following its past practice, the Department of Natural Resources studied the reports every mining company must submit according to regulations made under the authority of the Quebec Securities Act (3-4 Elizabeth II, chapter II, and its revisions) to obtain permission to issue shares or renewal of registration as a broker. During the last fiscal year, the Department of Natural Resour- ces gave the Quebec Securities Commission its opinion and comments on 183 reports or prospectus submitted for study. - 23 -

d)Under the provisions of Section 13 (1) of the Quebec Mining Act, the Department of Natural Resources collected a total of $5,057,192.73 as dues on the profits of 42 mining companies. On the other hand, fourteen companies were tax exempted according to these same provisions. In addition, 158 holders of mining concessions paid the ten cents acreage tax remitting a total of $4,027.62 in accordance with the requisites of Section 50 of the Act. The Department waived this tax in favor of 167 holders of mining concessions, because, under the stipulations of the same Section 50, they presented to the Department affidavits to the effect that, during the year, they performed development work on their mining concessions amounting to at least $200.

e)During the fiscal year 1962-63, the Department continued, up to January 1st, 1963, to collect, compile and prepare the annual statistical report on mining exploration and operation for the calendar year 1961 and to issue the monthly statistical reports for 1962. The 1961 statistical reports contained information supplied in the 5,400 reports received from mining companies, quarry operators and companies having done work on behalf of mining companies. Since January 1st, 1963, the Quebec Bureau of statistics of the Department of Industry and Commerce is responsible for the publication of the annual and monthly statistical reports on the mining industry of Quebec. However, it has been agreed that the new Bureau will forward to the Department of Natural Resources copy of all statistical reports and compilations on the mining industry. To facilitate the work of the Quebec Bureau of Statistics, the Department of Natural Resources prepared a list of names and addresses of companies and entreprises engaged in the mining or mineral industries and obliged to submit the data necessary to the preparation of the 1962 annual report and the 1963 monthly reports on the mining industry of Quebec.

(3) The Inspection of Mines Service is charged with the enforcement of the Regulations for the Safety and Protection of Workmen in Mines and Quarries enacted under the provisions of Sections 197 and 198, Chapter 196 of the Quebec Mining Act. This entails regular inspections of mines, open-pits and quarries and their attendant electrical and mechanical installations; testing the salu- brity of the air in mining installations; investigation of accidents and other fortuitous events that could affect the lives of workmen in the mining industry, and the management of the Mine Rescue Training Plan. - 24 -

In the course of their routine inspections of mines and quarries, engineers of the Department gathered information on existing and future mining operations for the purpose of governmental administration. They, moreover, investigated mining lands before hold- ing titles were granted through letters patent by virtue of Section 49 of the Quebec Mining Act, and they examined tailings sites of mines and processing plants in conformity with Sections 13, 37 and 123 of the same Act.

a)Engineers of the Department, in 1962-1963, made 364 inspections of mines and quarries. These inspections took place during working hours and enabled the engineers to study working conditions and work in progress and to ascertain whether safety regulations were being enforced, and, if so, whether they applied to the working place, to the state of tools and machines, and to the protection of workers.

In addition, the Department's engineers investigated 18 fatal accidents that resulted in 19 deaths and other unusual events, the findings of which were published.

b) Electrical engineers of the Inspection of Mines Service conducted 148 inspections of electrical installations, checking whether electrical systems were in conformity with regulations enacted under the authority of the Quebec Mining Act. They have also studied the detailed plans covering new electrical installations or changes in existing ones, all of which must be approved by the Department.

c)The approval and inspection of mechanical installations,such as hoisting machinery, compressors, etc., fall within the functions of the Department. Its engineers test this equipment before it is placed into service and thereafter. They carried out 90 inspections of hoisting equipment such as hoists, cages and skips, and other machines.

Also received and studied by the Service during the year reviewed here were 217 hoisting rope registration reports, 348 rope breaking test reports, 236 boiler inspection reports and 332 attestations of medical certificates issued to hoist operators. The study of these documents serves to guide engineers in their inspection work and enables them, when necessary, to take such measures as to make mining companies comply with existing regulations. - 25 -

d)Clean breathable air is as indispensable to the health of miners as competent electrical and mechanical installations are to their safety. It is for this reason that the Department's engineers make ventilation and dust surveys in mines. During the fiscal year in revew, they conducted 133 ventilation surveys and examined under the microscope 949 dust samples, in order to determine the amount of dust present in the air at various working places.

Order in Council No. 887, dated August 30th, 1956, requires that, in all mining operations of the Province included in groups one (1), two (2) and three (3) of class five (5) of the assess- ment table of the Workmen's Compensation Commission, the workmen exposed to a dusty atmosphere must hold a medical certificate renewable yearly. The Inspection of Mines Service received 17,972 attestations of radio- graphic examinations given to minets during the year.

e)Finally, it is the general rule among the more important mines of Quebec that miners, chosen for their physical fitness, be trained in mine rescue and first-aid practice. Mining companies pay the cost of the plan and of the training, which is organized and supervised by the Inspection of Mines Service. Thirty mines have already taken advantage of the plan, which has graduated, since 1948, 1,200 mine rescuers, of which 362 are at present available in case of emergency. Interest in mine rescue training is kept alive by means of tests and competitions between the teams from various mines. The annual mine rescue competition, which was held at Noranda, in September 1962, pitted against one another the eight rescue teams that had earned top honours in preliminary trials involving 23 teams. The rescue team from Opemiska Copper Mines (Quebec) Limited was awarded the trophy.

4) Under the provisions of Sections 37, 135, and 142 of the Quebec Mining Act, the Civil Engineering Service supervises the construction, improvement and maintenance of mine roads, the establishment of towns or villages in mining regions and the drainage of peat bogs.

a) The Department of Natural Resources extends its help, financial and technical, in the construction of roads done in collaboration with the Federal Government under the programme of assistance in the building of access roads to natural resources and of those opened with.or without the help 'of mining companies. -26 -

Within the scope of the joint Federal-Provincial programme, the Civil Engineering Service began in January the construction of a steel and concrete bridge, 970 feet long with a 24-foot roadway, to cross Allard river at mile 114 of the Amos-Matagami highway. This bridge is on the road leading to the New Hosco mine and its cost is divided in equal portions between the Government of Quebec, that of the Federal and New Hosco Mines Limited. In the work performed on the Amos-Matagami highway must be included the reconstruction of a culvert at mile 8.7. The culvert, which sank because of the low-bearing capacity of the soil there, is now supported by piles resting on bedrock at a depth of 50 feet.

Under the same Federal assistance programme, the Service supervised the work on the Chapais-Desmaraisville highway. The construction of the 718-foot steel and concrete bridge over Waswanipi river was completed early in the winter, providing a winter link between Senneterre and Chibougamau. In February 1963, also on the same highway some twenty-seven miles west of Chapais, the Civil Engineering Service initiated the construction of a six-span concrete bridge over Chibougamau river; the bridge will be 434 feet long and its roadway will rest on prefabricated pre-stressed concrete beams. Still with Federal assistance, the completion of the Chapais-Desmaraisville highway, from mile 27 to mile 57, was started in August. Construction standards, adopted to ensure the maximum safety and visibility, conform with the Federal ones. Finally, the Department of Natural Resources assumed the entire costs of improving and completing the five miles of road between mile 22 and mile 27.

During the fiscal year in review; the Department of Natural Resources, in collaboration with the Federal Government, undertook the construction of the road that will link Waconichi lake to Albanel lake. Following calls for public tenders, a contract for twenty-two miles of road was awarded and work started in December 1962. To date, this work has consisted in wood clearing, burning and stumping over the 100-foot width of the future road. Construction standards to be used will be identical to those used on the Chapais- Desmaraisville highway.

Furthermore, in collaboration with the mining companies, the Department of Natural Resources supplied technical and financial assistance in the construction of the following mine roads: a 0.6-mile road leading to the peat bog of La Tourbe du St-Laurent Inc.,and 1.9-mile road to Tourbière Clair Inc. In both cases, these are secondary roads: the first one is 20 feet wide; the second, 30. - 27-

In addition, the Department, as in the past, contributed to the maintenance and repair of the mine roads leading to. Vauze Mines Limited and Lake Dufault Mines Limited in Rouyn, to Norlartic Mines Limited near Malartic, to Flintkote Mines Limited in Megantic and to the peat bogs of Premier Peat Moss Producers Limited and of J.A. Michaud in Rivière-du-Loup.

Mention should be made that the Department bore the entire cost of the maintenance of the mine roads in the Chibougamau area during the summer, a total length of 31 miles and also a length of 121 miles on the Senneterre-Chapais road, from April to December 1962.

The construction, repair and maintenance of roads, including bridges, coming under the authority of the Department of Natural Resources and under the supervision of the Civil Engineering' Service involved the expenditure of •$1,928,460.16, distributed as follows: $1,040,960.16 paid by the Government of Quebec, $725,000.00 paid by the Federal Government, and a total of $212,500.00 still to be received: $142,000.00 from the Federal Government and $70,500.00 from New Hosco Mines Limited.

b) An added duty assumed by the Civil Engineering Service is the establishment of mining villages, in mining districts, under the provisions of Sections 35, 37, and 38 of the Quebec Mining Act. In this respect, the role of the Service is to direct and to supervise the subdivision, cadastration and transfer of Crown lands, to organize the work and public services as long as the mining village has not become a municipality. In the case where the town or village is organized within the limits of a mining concession, the role of the Civil Engineering Service is reduced to the approving of the projects of subdivision, cadastration and sale of lands and to the controlling, with the Department of Municipal Affairs, the revenues accruing from the transfer or sale of land.

Thirteen Quebec centers are subject to the provisions of the Act respecting the municipal organization of mining villages. With the exception of Matagami, all have their own municipal organization. As far as they are concerned, the Department's role is reduced to the following matters: to approve the subdivision, cadastration and sale of Crown lands or of lands located within a mining concession. A small percentage of the proceeds from the sales of these lands pays the duties owed to the Department of Natural Resources, whereas the rest is turned over to the municipal treasury - 28 - involved and held in trust by the Department of Finance to defray the costs of municipal projects jointly approved by the Departments of Municipal Affairs and of Natural Resources.

During the fiscal period of 1962-63, the Department approved the cadastral survey of fifty-eight lots' in Bourlamaque, within the concession of Lamaque Mining Company Limited; two lots in Bourlamaque within the concession of Sigma Mines (Quebec) Limited; twelve lots in Chapais within the concession of Opemiska Copper Mines (Quebec) Limited; two lots in Murdochville within the concession of Gaspé Copper Mines Limited; neneteen lots in Noranda within the concession of Noranda Mines Limited; fifty-eight lots in Rouyn within the concession of Glencona Exploration Mining Limited; twenty-three lots in Schefferville located partly on land under the jurisdiction of the Department and partly on land held under lease by Iron Ore Company of Canada. In addition., the Department approved the cadastration of six lots over which it had jurisdiction in Val-d'Or.

It may be noted that the dues paid to the consolidated fund of the Province, in this respect, amounted to 410,543.82 and that a sum of $145,184.46 was paid into the municipal fund held in trust by the Department of Finance. The latter amount resulted from the sales by the Department of Natural Resources of fifty-six lots in Chibougamau, seventy-eight lots in Matagami and five lots in Val-d'Or.

In Matagami, the Department continued to supervise the works aimed at creating a model mining town. Thus the preliminary works initiated in the fiscal year 1961-62 were continued and partly completed. The Civil Engineering Service supervised the completion of land clearing and stumping operations, the laying out, from base to gravel, of 3.5 miles of streets in the residential section of the future town, together with the water, sewage and electrical services. In addition, the Department ordered the preparation of plans and costs estimates for the construction of a water purification plant and a sewage treatment plant. All in all the Department allocated 41,026,993,06 to its Matagami project in 1962-63. Finally, Mattagami Lake Mines Limited had fifty-two one-family dwellings built for its employees.

e) In order to assist the peat industry, the Depart- ment undertook an inventory of the Province's peat bogs. During the fiscal year, a survey party completed the topography and drilling needed to evaluate the reserves of the peat bogs of Métis-sur-Mer, in Matane county, and of Saint-Ludger and Saint-Modeste, in Rivière- - 29 - du-Loup county. In addition, following its past practice, the Depart- ment contributed a sum of $16,704.35 towards the drainage of peat bogs. This money was distributed among twenty-five operators according to the amount of drainage work completed by each one.

5) The Legal Service has continued to perform the tasks involved in the interpretation and application of the laws coming under the jurisdication of the Department of Natural Resources.

Moreover, the administration structure of the Department was modified during the fiscal year so as to unify the Legal Service, which had, for the past two years, dealt with legal matters concerning not only the Quebec Mining Act but also the Act Respecting the Use of Water-courses and other related Acts.

The organization of the Service is being completed through the hiring of additional personnel whose main task will be to intensify the study of problems arising from the enforcement of all the domanial laws. The Legal Service also prepared, during the year under review, many memoranda concerning the redaction of the final text of the new Quebec Mining Act.

C - Laboratories Services

These laboratories, which form a unique nucleus of scientific services in the Government of Quebec, group under one direction research laboratories and laboratories for studies and analyses. On March 31st, 1963, they employed seventy people of which twenty-four were engineers, specialists in various fields. These laboratories are all in Quebec, except a laboratory for routine chemical analyses located at Ecole Polytechnique in Montreal.

The laboratories for mineralogical and metallurgical research were set up under the provisions of an Act promulgated in 1949. Their functions, as a rule, are to conduct any research likely to favour a better use of Quebec's mineral resources. Their personnel can take credit for many original processes, a few of which have been patented; the patent rights have been transferred to the Government.

The laboratories for analyses and studies are at the disposal of everybody; government services, companies, and individuals may have mineral substances from Quebec identified,. analysed and studied. In most cases, the identification and study of the - 30 - samples are done free of charge. The price of most analyses is nominal; through distribution of coupons, prospectors and mining companies can have those analyses done free of charge.

The following figures summarize the activities of the laboratories for analyses:

Samples received 14,428 Routine analyses 27,042 (x) Special analyses (either highly accurate or highly complex) 1,455 Research analyses 8,026 Mineralogical and petrographical determinations 14,136 Determinations by X-ray diffraction 3,974

Total analyses and determinations 54,633

(x) Includes 3,779 done in the laboratories in Montreal.

The Laboratories Services comprise four divisions: mineralogy, chemistry, physics and metallurgy.

a) The functions of the staff of the mineralogy and petrography division are: (1) to identify and study samples submitted and to prepare reports; (2) to channel toward the right laboratory the samples submitted for analysis; (3) to give technical and scientific consultations; (4) to prepare collections of rock and mineral specimens used in teaching; (5) to conduct research work.

The following are some figures summarizing the work done by the division:

Identification of minerals and rocks 14,136 Letters sent 772 Verbal consultations 527 Thin sections and polished sections prepared 228 Mineral collections: regular 1,300 small fragments 250 Rock collections: regular 400 small fragments 250

The mineralogists have collaborated in research projects Nos. 149, 152 and 154. - 31 -

The collections prepared by the division include forty mineral specimens and thirty rock specimens. Near the end of the fiscal year in review, the price of regular collections was increased from $2.00 to $5.00 each. This new price is certainly more realistic; it is also more than reasonable if compared with the price asked for similar collections on the market. Collections of small fragments are still given free of charge. During the fiscal year under review, production of collections was below that of the previous year by 714 units. The decrease was due to the upheaval caused by the transformations made in the old plant and the moving to new quarters. A more normal rate of production was apparent at the end of the fiscal year. All the rocks in the collections are from Quebec. Although it would be preferable that the same could apply to the minerals, beginners, for whom the collections are made, need typical samples. So, at times, samples come from outside Quebec and even outside Canada; however, a constant effort is maintained to reduce the number of such imports..

b) The Chemistry division was busier this year than last; the number of analyses it performed was fifteen per cent larger.

Routine analyses 14,196 Highly accurate or highly complex analyses 432 Research analyses 7,644

For the most part, these analyses were done at least in duplicate. One might mention, as included in the special work done, the geochemical analysis for three elements made on each of the 1972 samples collected by geological survey parties of the Depart- ment. There were twenty-nine complete analyses carried out, of which twenty-five were performed on rocks, two on water samples and two on crude oil samples.

In addition to the collaboration they give to the research laboratories, the chemists are always trying to perfect new methods of analysis that would be quicker and more precise, notably in the field of silicates.

During the fiscal year, a very sensitive chromato- graph was purchased; with this instrument, it will be possible to do complete analysis of natural gas, of petroleum products and of certain organic substances having a low fusion point.

c)The Physics division is unique in the Government of Quebec. Its possibilities, which go far beyond the field of mineral - 32 - resources, enable it to solve efficiently and sometimes unexpectedly the most varied problems related to matter. The division's functions are numerous: analysis of samples, as to the nature and percentage of elements present; improvement of existing analysis methods and development of new ones; special work done at the request of other government departments or of individuals; control of the accuracy of analyses, with the cooperation of the other laboratories; and analytical control and participation in research work. The division comprises many laboratories.

As few people are really acquainted with the work that the laboratories of the division can do, it has been decided to present, for once, a broad outline of their functions and possibilities.

1)Laboratory for emission spectrography: this laboratory's first function is to analyse mineral substances. In principle, the sample is placed in an electric arc where it is vaporized. In this condition, the atoms of each element forming the sample emit a light which has a colour characteristic of that element and a bright- ness related to the abundance of the element. This light is photo- graphed, thus allowing the operator to study it at leisure and create a permanent picture of the composition of the sample. Study of the photograph makes possible the determination of (a) the elements present in the sample and (b) the approximate percentage of each.

The spectographic analysis is extremely sensitive; concentration in the order of a millionth can be detected. This would correspond, for example, to a grain of impurity, the size of a pinhead, dissolved in one gallon of water.

As the spectrographer works with very small quantities of matter, it is essential that they be finely pulverized and extremely well mixed so as to possess the same composition as the sample. This work, which used to be done very laboriously by hand, has become easier, quicker and surer since the purchase of a grinder specially designed to do the grinding operation.

The source of energy feeding the electric arc was replaced, during the year, by a more flexible and more stable one, which resulted in more accurate analyses.

2)Laboratory for X-ray spectrography: this laboratory's function is also to detect the presence and determine the -33- quantity,of elements present in a sample. Under X-rays, all bodies emit other X-rays, the "colour" of which depends on the elements in the sample, and the intensity of which is proportionate to the quantity of the elements present. The principle is the same as in emission spectrography with the difference that X-rays are used instead of visible light.

The sample can either be introduced as is in the apparatus or after having been previously dissolved in borax; this latter method, designed and perfected in the physics laboratory, is now universally used whenever accuracy is the prime requisite.

Naturally, this method differs lightly from emission spectrography; less sensitive than the latter, it may be used for many elements to determine percentage varying from 0.01 per cent to 100 per cent. It does not modify the sample, and, if a very small amount of the sample is available, this small amount can be used for other tests.

3) Laboratory for X-ray diffraction: as in the case of the preceding laboratory, X-rays are used, but differently. The laboratory is not concerned with the chemical composition of the samples but with their distinct components.

Placed in suitable conditions, most bodies have the propriety of reflecting X-rays selectively (diffraction). Collected on a film or a graph, these reflected X-rays trace there a series of lines or "specter". The specter characterizes the body studied in the same manner that fingerprints identify a certain human being.

This working method has almost limitless applications: identification of samples extremely minute or under the form of impalpable powders, or difficult to study by other methods; study of clays and of products having a poorly defined composition; determination of the percentage of certain substances present in mixtures; study of the transformations taking place in a substance when subjected to heat, mechanical or chemical treatment, etc. This latter application is very useful in the research covering the up-grading of our mineral resources.

The Physics division can also subjet the most varied range of samples to all kinds of special tests: radioactivity tests to determine the uranium and thorium concentration in samples; use of the changes brought by heating. These changes can affect dimensions (dilatometry), magnetism (thermomagnetometry), chemical composition - 34 -

(thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis), or structure (differential thermal analysis). Thermal methods are often extremely helpful in solving problems relating to metallurgy, ceramics, the mechanics of chemical reactions, mineralogy and ore treatment; determination of gases in metals and alloys by fusion of sample in vacuum; applications of ultra-sonic vibrations in ore treatment.

During the fiscal year, the various laboratories of the division performed the following analyses:

Emission spectrography 9,412 X-ray spectrography 1,000 X-ray diffraction 3,974 Radioactivity 61

About 15 per cent of the analyses by emission spectrography, 30 per cent of those by X-ray spectrography and 5 per cent of those by X-ray diffraction were so difficult that they required either an inordinate amount of work or the use of special methods. Of the 3,974 analyses by X-ray diffraction, 614 were made for the Depart- ment of Health for the prevention and tracking of silicosis.

Through a request from the Department of Industry and Commerce, the division studied the possibility of using pulverized peat to improve the finish of castings. Finally, the laboratories for emission spectrography and X-ray spectrography continued their efforts to ensure greater accuracy and certitude in the determination of certain elements in samples of unusual composition. This last- mentioned laboratory continued previous work on the influence of surface indentations and grain shape on the results of analyses.

The Metallurgy division deals only in research and mostly in the field of extractive metallurgy. Thirteen engineers were members of the division during the fiscal year. They worked in close and fruitful collaboration with the mineralogy and physics divisions. This in turn allows the metallurgy division either to adapt or improve old extraction methods or develop entirely new processes,the originality and usefulness of which have been acknowledged by various patent offices. Patents granted increased from twenty-six to thirty during the fiscal year; the number of patents pending remained at twenty-four. - 35 -

4) The research laboratories work dealt mostly with the following projects:

No. 8 - Research aimed at studying and producing a very sensitive micromagnetometer that could be lowered into drill holes so as to study magnetic anomalies in place. The work done involved the theory of the detecting unit in order to ascertain the best conditions of sensitivity.

No. 129 - Pyrometallurgical treatment of spodumene in presence of sulphur trioxide and water vapor. This treatment process for lithium ore was covered during the year by Canadian patent No. 640,645 (Maurice Archambault and Charles A. Olivier).

No. 141 - Research on the advantages of conditioning certain types of ores, in a gaseous medium with specified reagents, prior to their flotation or electrostatic sorting.

No. 142 - Research on the eventual use of peat as a raw material in the chemical industry. The immense reserves of peat of the Province make this project a most interesting one; during the fiscal year, the extraction of oxalic acid from peat was under study.

No. 143 - Alkaline lithium extraction process. This process under Canadian patent No. 643,843 and used on an industrial scale by Quebec Lithium Corporation was sufficiently refined as to justify application for a second patent.

No. 144 - Work on improving acid and alkaline lithium extraction processes invented by the metallurgy division and on consolidation of patents applications.

No. 145 - Research on the extraction of alumina and gallium from lithiniferous ores or their by-products. As these substances are always present in our ores of lithium, the discovery of an economical extraction process would evidently be of interest. The research dealt with the extraction of alumina, which would be more valuable if gallium were present in it.

No. 147 - Follow up research on how to use certain types of zinc ores not economically amenable to the classical methods. - 36 -

It has been discovered that there is a possibility of solving that problem by preferential dissolution of the zinc with, or may be even without, any previous treatment of the ore.

No. 148 - Search for means of imparting a commercial value to the products of the chemical decomposition of spodumene without extracting its lithium content; in other words, the search is on to up-grade ore as a whole, while making the operation ten times shorter.

No. 149 - The following up of mineralogical and metallurgical research for a means to rid the Sorel titaniferous slag of its chromium, vanadium and manganese. The discovery of an inexpensive purification method would increase considerably the value of these slags.

No. 151 - Heat treatment of the pyrochlore from Oka (columbium ore) by means of gaseous reagents other than those derived from halogens.

No. 152 - Concentration of certain iron ores from New Quebec. The beneficiation of certain iron ores of Iron Ore Company of Canada would enhance their value considerably. Special flotation methods, designed and tested during the year, lead us to hope that it will be possible to obtain, under very good conditions, iron ore concentrates, low in silica, with a high recovery. Through factorial analyses, a mathematical relation has been sought by which results could be forecast.

No. 154 - Through unusual magnetic roasting methods, research has been going on to up-grade certain hydrated iron oxides which are in abundant supply in Quebec but are too rich in silica to be of economic value.

In fine, the Laboratories Services continued during the fiscal year to keep up with the demand for their routine work while they increased considerably the fund of technical and scientific knowledge in Quebec. With their well qualified personnel and excel- lent equipment, which, because of a lack of adequate space, cannot be used as efficiently as might be desired, the Services are able not only to tackle the most varied problems related to mineral resources but also can help to solve certain problems that, at first glance, may seem beyond their competence. - 37 -

Publications

November 3rd, 1962. "Procédé industriel inédit de production de carbonate de lithium" by Maurice Archambault and Charles A. Olivier. Paper presented to the A.C.F.A.S. congress, in Montreal, by Charles A. Olivier.

December 11th, 1962 "Laboratoire et Géologie". Conference by Jean Girault to the Société Géologique de Québec.

D - The Pilot-plant Services

The Pilot-plant has the function of making studies on sampling, ore dressing and ore concentration on mineral substances submitted to the Department by mining engineers, geologists or mining companies. Its personnel numbers thirty-seven people, of whom six are engineers and one is a chemist.

Properly equipped to answer the needs of the mining industry of Quebec, within its sphere of activity, the Pilot-plant tries mainly to implant new mineral industries, to improve the cost of ore concentrates through new techniques and to develop uses for the by- products and conventional wastes of the industry.

During the fiscal year 1962-63, the Pilot-plant received fifty-five lots of ore, weighing a total of 265 tons. The following table summarizes the distribution of the work.

Ores received for sampling

Number Weight Type of Shipper of lots (Pounds) ore

J.B. Bernard (Carleton) 1 1,566 Gold Gilles Fournier (Maniwaki) 1 1,854 Molybdenum,zin c Pierre Artista (Quebec) 12 206,705 Quartz Alfred Moreau (Montreal) 1 28 Gold,lead,copp er zinc Alfred Théberge (St.Magloire) 1 2,207 Copper,zinc nickel,chromiu m Quebec Iron and Titanium Corp. 1 28,340 Iron,titanium Total 17 240,700 - 38 -

Ores received for treatment

Number Weight Type of Shipper of lots (Pounds) ore

Anglo American Molybdenite 4 190,481 Molybdenite,bismuth Mining Corporation Guy Barette (Chibougamau) 1 59 Iron, titanium Bornite Copper Corporation 3 6,694 Asbestos Campbell Chibougamau Mines 1 70 Iron, titanium Limited Consolidated Mining and 1 50 Asbestos Smelting Co.of Canada Limited Paul D'Aragon (Val-d'Or) 1 9 Asbestos Dydar Holdings Limited 1 20 Clay Empire Asbestos Co. Ltd. 1 37 Asbestos Gaspé Copper Mines Ltd. 1 20 Bismuth Henri Girard (Quebec) 1 22 Ochre Italia Copper Limited 1 1,800 Graphite Laviolette Mining and 1 68,300 Mica Metallurgical Corp. McIntyre Porcupine Mines Ltd. 2 254 Nickel Malartic Hygrade Gold Mines 1 84 Gold Ltd. R. Marleau (Department of 1 14 Gold Natural Resources) Les Mines Laval Co. Ltée 1 238 Quartz' Mines-Métallurgie-Kebec Inc. 2 291 Iron, titanium Les Mines Ross and Roy 1 1,596 Lead, barium Nicolet Asbestos Mines Ltd. 2 865 Asbestos Ostrea Inc. 1 583 Oÿster shells Quebec Clay Mining Co. 1 531 Clay Quebec Iron and Titanium Corp. 1 378 Rutile Quebec Iron and Titanium Corp. 4 4,973 Iron, titanium Quebec South Shore Steel Corp. 1 9,844 Iron, sulphur Raglan Nickel Mines Ltd. 2 276 Nickel Solbec Copper Mines Ltd. 1 316 Asbestos

Total 38 287,805 - 39 -

Among the studies that required special research was the case of the mining company that entrusted metallurgical research to the Pilot-plant in order to help engineers choose equipment and design a molybdenite and bismuth concentrating plant in the Val- d'Or region.

On the other hand, upheavals in the graphite market revived some interest in the establishment of a graphite industry in the Montreal area. Following research done at the Pilot-plant it was proved that a grade of graphite superior to the one from Madagascar and costing less could be produced. The extraction process is extremely simple.

For the past twenty years, exploration companies and syndicates have tried to operate economically an enormous mica deposit in Abitibi, estimated to contain 500 million tons. Thanks to the joint efforts of the engineers of a new mining company and of the staff of the Pilot-plant, the problem has been solved.' New mica treatment techniques have been used to produce building materials for house sheetings and fillers for paints. The process has captured the interest of consulting engineers and financial houses, who are arrang- ing the 'financing of this new industry.

Other study projects on our clay aimed at promoting a ceramics industry in Quebec are part of a sustained and systematic research programme. CHAPTER III

WATERS BRANCH

The Waters Branch, whose services are grouped under two main divisions, the Hydraulic Services and the Hydrological Servi- ces, has been entrusted with the following: to administer the rights of the Crown on water-courses and their attendant hydraulic energy; to enforce the Act Respecting the Use of Water-courses; to do research; to prepare and undertake projects tending to favor the conservation, the development and the rational exploitation of hydraulic resources; to study water in all the phases of its natural cycle; to measure and analyse precipitation, run-off, underground storage, evaporation, evapo- transpiration and the flow of streams; to study the ground elevation and the basin slopes; to determine the gradient of rivers and to make the inventory of hydraulic forces.

Water, a natural resource, is essential to all phases of human endeavour: for domestic, agricultural, industrial and commercial uses; for recreation; for fauna and flora conservation; for dilution of waste-waters, etc.

The continuity of the water cycle in nature makes water an ever renewable resource. In this cycle, water in the soil or in bodies of water through evaporation by solar heat is transform- ed from a liquid to gaseous state, then, through condensation of the vapor in contact with cold air currents, it is returned to the liquid phase.

Nature has been rather generous with Quebec's supply of water both through abundant precipitation and run-off territory and through the fortunate disposition of its hydrographic basin where numerous lakes and immense wooded areas contribute to water conservation and partial regularization of stream flow.

The mean annual precipitation, as rain and snow, in the inhabited section of Quebec, that is in the basins of the St. Lawrence river and gulf, is thirty-six inches, whereas the run- off equals forty to sixty per cent of the total annual precipitation, after deducting evaporation, perspiration of plants and infiltration into the soil.

Such a run-off would seem, at first glance, to be more than adequate for the needs of the population for many years to - 41 - come. However, the survey of quantities of water available and the demands for water in certain areas show that the water pollution of numerous streams caused by dumping of domestic sewage, industrial wastes, deleterious chemicals, sawdust, and log flotation intensifies daily the problem confronting certain municipalities of securing a supply of drinking water adequate to the various needs of their popu- lations.

The ever-growing tendency to own summer residences and to live the year 'round lose to lakes and rivers, a trend affecting all walks of life because of higher salaries, transport facilities and shorter working hours, results in the dumping of raw sewage from these built-up areas into bodies of water, thereby contributing to water pollution. Waters thus exposed then become unfit for recreative and industrial uses, in addition to being a very serious threat to public health.

From 1912 to 1960, the Quebec Streams Commission and the Department of Hydraulic Resources studied the hydraulic power potential of a large number of rivers in Quebec. These studies dealt more specifically with the inventory of hydraulic power and protection against flooding, thus involving large rivers only. During the past few years, the Department has recieved many requests for information concerning statistics of flow, run-off, supply of drinking water for domestic and industrial uses, and of unpolluted water for recreation purposes. Following these requests, the Hydrological Services chan- nelled their work toward the determination of the characteristics of small drainage basins in inhabited areas and of underground storage. The collected data will enable private or regional organizations to use the available volume of water in a more rational manner.

The Department possesses many useful, if incomplete, data to study floods which are hydrology's most dramatic events. However, the studies carried out to date are incomplete; information gathered is insufficient to establish the origin of downpours and of flood flows.

It is becoming imperative, with the growth of damages caused by floods, to undertake a thorough study of flooding. If indeed flood causes remain unchanged - snow melting, intensity of downpours, land contour, and natural or artificial obstacles to the flow of water in river beds - the increase in resulting damages can only be ascribed to human actions such as the construction of jetties across the flood-plain of a river to establish roads, bridges, - 42 - railroads and dwellings, the thoughtless deforestation and the bad use of soil. These various causes tend to upset the natural equilibrium, established through centuries, of river bed formation, between the eroding action of water and the resistance of shores.

To solve the problem of floods it is not so much a question of re-establishing the natural conditions of run-off before they were modified by man, as it is of changing conditions of run-off and flow to protect man's trespasses upon lands that rivers cover from time to time. This problem does not end with the flow of water but extends to the dynamic action of water upon the land, an action leading ultimately to the degradation of the soil and to the removal from farming of vast areas that man needs to ensure his sustenance.

To resolve efficiently the problem of floods, it is not enough to build protective works in the lower reaches of streams; it is necessary to correct at the source, in the upper reaches of these same streams, the excessive run-off conditions and their resulting destructive erosion.

An important factor that must be taken into consideration in the study of floods is soil erosion; observations made during these last few years, in the United States, at land erosion testing stations of the Soil Conservation Service show that the maximum run-off of any rainfall on plowed, seeded or fallow lands ranges from 43 to 100 per cent,whereas run-off on grassy fields such as alfalfa, clover or fescue-grass fields is only 5 to 19 per cent of the precipitation. These observations show also that, on denuded or fallow lands, with a run-off amounting to between 36 and 65 per cent of the precipitation during a severe storm, the water carried away up to forty-five tons of soil per acre, whereas, during the same storms, observations of grassy or wooded lands revealed only traces of erosion or none at all.

These remarks show that flood control is a complex problem; to solve it will require the contribution of many sciences and the cooperation of specialists in agriculture and forestry, as well as in hydrology and hydraulics. During the fiscal year in reveiw, both the Hydrological and Hydraulic Services continued studies already in progress concerning floods in the basins of a few rivers in order to correct these floods at the source. The problem of Chaudière river continued to receive the most searching attention through hydrological studies and hydraulic works aimed at minimizing the effect of the catastrophic floods of that river. -43 -

These studies will have to be stretched over a period of years, owing to lack of accurate data on certain tributaries and on certain sections of the main rivers. In addition, statistics on flow and run-off, to be of any use in the study of floods, must be collected continuously over a period of at least thirty years.

It has been said before that the greatest cause of flood damage has been the encroachments by man upon river beds. Among these encroachments, mention must be made of the numerous instances of illegal occupancy by riparian proprietors, whether the Crown or private citizens, such as in the construction of docks, jetties, dams and the creation of artificial lakes, which affects the rights of the Crown or of persons.

The present provisions of the Act Respecting the Use of Water-courses preclude any intervention by the Department in many cases. A committee has been formed within the Waters Branch to study certain amendments to the Act so as to protect the public interest. These amendments will be submitted to the House at a future session.

During the last ten years, the Quebec Streams Commission and the Department of Hydraulic Resources have been conducting a study of the hydraulic power potential of the main rivers of Northern Quebec. To this end, the profiles of the main rivers of the James Bay, Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay basins have been determined, while a network of elevation bench-marks was set up along the rivers. A total of some five thousand miles of second and third order level survey has been carried out, of which 1,500 miles was done during the fiscal year in review.

This network of bench-marks is tied to the Geo- detic Service of Canada datum at Moosonee, Amos, Senneterre, Chibouga- mau. Eastmain, Rupert House, Fort Chimo, Sept-Iles and Saint-Félicien. These referencé lines will serve not only to determine longitudinal profiles but also to determine the elevation of the reference points needed for aerial photography and for the study of various hydraulic projects. These lines were set up as series of closed circuits and many of these circuits have been tied together. The others will be soon. The publication of lists of bench-marks and of plans of river profiles will take place only when the various circuits have been checked and corrected, if need be, with an acceptable closing error. - 44 -

Details of the studies and works done during the fiscal year appear in the following reports of the chiefs of services:

A) - To the Hydraulic Services falls the responsibility of administering the rights of the Crown concerning water-courses and their attendant hydraulic energy, of enforcing the Act Respecting the Use of Water-courses and generally of carrying on any construction or other work favourable to the conservation, development and rational exploitation of hydraulic resources.

The Hydraulic Services are divided mainly into two parts: the Hydraulic Domain Service and the Hydraulic Works Service. A' third unit, the Study and Research Service, now being formed, will become a contributory service to the general direction and to each principal unit of the Services.

It is the Hydraulic Domain Service that is responsible for the administration of the rights of the Crown, concerning the water-cources and the enforcement of the Act Respecting the Use of Water-courses. Its powers make this service an executive, administrative and judicial body. Its role is important because the resources are plentiful and the field of action is vast since Confederation left to the Province the ownership of streams owned by the Crown except such sections that were public harbours in 1867. The role is also complex because, in the matter of water-courses, interests and jurisdictions are often multiple and contrary.

The Hydraulic Works Service is specifically entrusted with the preparation of projects and the execution of works in streams and of those hydraulic constructions that the Department under- takes, either for its own interests or on behalf of governmental or municipal authorities. Varying in nature and importance, these works and constructions fall into two distinct categories: on the one hand, works aiming at improving the flow of rivers and the conservation of river beds and banks (remedial works); on the other, works aiming at regulating the flow of streams (dams and connected structures). These undertakings are based on public interest and are concerned with the conservation and improvement of hydraulic resources, the increase in public benefits derived from the stream, and the protection of the river banks, when such action has a collective value.

As mentioned before, the Study and Research Ser- vice is a contributory organism still in formation. By nature, this Service will have a limited expansion because the bulk of the studies - 45 - and research is assumed by the Hydraulic Domain Service as well as by the Hydraulic Works Service. But the preparation of preliminary or special data and the conducting of research and verifications too basically specialized must be withdrawn from ordinary allotted tasks to ensure both the prompt dispatch of current business and the efficient conduct of extensive or specialized studies.

All the Services were rather busy during the year and the needs of the organization and the task of recruiting and training new personnel were still an added burden. However, the already quickened pace at which old projects have been brought to date, new ones completed and future ones initiated has not only been maintained, as foreseen, but in many instances had to be accelerated further to meet pressing needs created either by an increasing regard by the public to legalize ancient or recent tenures and exploitations of rivers or by an increase in the number and importance of requests received. Nevertheless, administrative standards and basic criteria governing the intervention and help of the Crown in matters concerning water-courses were subjected to major revisions, and sorely needed complements were provided. A systematic surveillance of our rivers was established to try and stem the ever-increasing flow of abuses that lower the quality of our rivers and aggravate the damages brought on by floods. At the same time, studies and inquiries were undertaken, some to support legal or technical practices, others to bolster major recommendations such as the one related to a revision of the Act Res- pecting the Use of Water-courses and the one concerning a codification of the laws concerning water.

1) The Hydraulic Domain Service is charged with the enforcement of the Act Respecting the Use of Water-courses (Chapter 98, R.S.Q. 1941), of the Timber-Driving Companies Act (Chapter 96) and of certain specific Acts covering log-floating companies such as 59 Victoria 1895, Chapter 74, entitled "An Act to Incorporate the Coulonge and Crow River Boom Company Limited".

In addition, the Service studied the rentals of right-of-ways needed for power lines, substations, log sluices and aqueducts.

The Service administers certain lands that come under the jurisdiction of the Department of Natural Resources such as those belonging to Quebec Pulp and Paper and its subsidiaries, and lands surrounding reservoirs maintained by the Department and deemed advisable to remain the property of the Crown. -46 -

Finally, the Hydraulic Service, when there are no decisions from the courts, gives certain opinions as to whether lakes or rivers in Quebec are navigable or floatable. These opinions are used as guide-lines by the authorities of the Department of Natural Resources and of other departments in establishing the rights of the Crown over water-courses.

A) - Main activities of the Service in relation to the enforcement of the Act Respecting the Use of Water-courses

a) Under Division I of that Act,the Hydraulic Domain Service issues leases covering certain parts of river beds, or river banks, rivers or domanial lakes or certain parts of the foreshore of the sea.

Leases, issued under this Division I, cover all the uses of domanial properties on water-courses not specified by Divisions III and following of the same Act. These uses are most varied, from the pure and simple protection of the shoreline properties, to the establishment of port facilities so useful to some private concerns, such as pulp and paper companies, some mining companies and others.

The present policy of the Department is to keep in the public domain the ownership of the bed and shores of rivers or lakes of this Province. Consequently, beach and deep water lots are leased, upon request, for varying periods of time according to the scope of works to be erected thereon; they are sold by letters patent with the approbation of the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, upon the Minister's recommendation, only in certain specific cases.

The Hydraulic Domain Service administered 600 leases issued under this Division I,which required twenty-nine renew- als, ten cancellations and eight transfers.

In addition, during the fiscal year, fifty new leases were granted and sixty-five transfers of administration and control were made in favour of various Federal Departments to provide for the establishment of docks, fishing harbours and other purposes. Most of these transfers were requested prior to the fiscal year in review; some dated as far back as 1950. -47 -

Finally, under the provisions of this same Division I, twenty-three sales were approved, mostly for agricultural purposes, following the construction of a special type of control dam in Kamouras- ka county.

Proceeds from leases already issued and from sales of lands in 1962-63 amounted to $46,139.60.

b) Division III of the Act Respecting the Use of Water-courses provides for the approval of plans and estimates regarding the harnessing of waters for hydraulic power and the rental of the rights and lands of the Crown needed for such harnessing.

During the fiscal year in review, three departmental orders providing for the approval of plans and estimates and the rental of hydraulic power sites were approved by the Executive Council. One departmental order was still pending on April 30th.

As, in addition to a fixed rental fee, most leases provide for the payment of a yearly rental based on the production of each plant, the Hydraulic Domain Service must set up the controls and verifications needed to establish these rentals. During the fiscal year, our engineers verified, on the site, the production of eighty- four power plants; this verification, in some cases, covered a span of a few years past. During these same inspections, our engineers have also done the controls and verifications needed for the establishment of additional dues payable by holders of hydraulic power sites under the provisions of clauses c) and d), paragraph 3, of the Act to Insure the Progress of Education (10 George VI, 1946, chapter 21).

During the fiscal year, revenues from the rentals of hydraulic power sites owned by the Crown amounted to $6,857,100.55 and the income collected under the Act to Insure the Progress of Education reached $4,062,519.05, including the fixed contribution of the Quebec Hydroelectric Commission set at $2,800,000.00.

c)Under the provisions of Division IV of the Act Respecting the Use of Water-courses, hydraulic power operators may, under certain conditions, expropriate lands needed for power pants and their relevant appurtenances such as roads, power lines, etc., subject to prior approval by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council.

During the fiscal year, 290 requests for expropriation were submitted to the Hydraulic Domain Service; seven Orders in Council approved the recommended expropriation of certain areas. - 48 -

d) Division VI of the Act Respecting the Use of Water-courses provides for the approval of dams and other works needed for log driving and for rental of the Crown lands necessary for their maintenance.

During the fiscal year, the Service prepared thirty- five departmental orders approving plans and estimates and providing for the rental of necessary Crown lands. Thirty of these were sanctioned by the Executive Council.

Revenues accrued from leases issued under this Division of the Act amounted to $140,054.17.

e) Division VII of the Act provides for the approval of plans and estimates and of rentals of lands needed for the establishment of dams for aqueducts or for industrial purposes.

As most of the leases issued under the provisions of this Division VII,for the improvement of hydraulic power, call for the payment of a variable fee based on production, in addition to a fixed annual rental, our engineers do the controls and verifications needed to set the amount of those fees. In addition, they control the dues paid by various companies concerned, for the use of storage dams built and maintained by the Department.

All in all, the revenues collected during the year from storage dams, whether maintained by the Department or by private industries, amounted to $1,503,306.43.

f) During the fiscal year, emphasis was placed on the conservation and protection of rivers in the public domain. To this end, there was created a stream-inspection section whose members travel through the most populous parts of the Province to detect systematic- ally certain types of encroachments on the public domain.

As the personnel of this section is not sufficient to pick up all the encroachments, the work was restricted to the detection and legalization of cases where the public domain is used for commercial or industrial operations. In addition, our inspectors note infractions to the provisions of Section 51 of the Act Respecting the Use of Water-courses that forbide the dumping of waste wood and saw-mill rubbish into streams of this Province. This section was set up only recently and the results of its work will not be felt until a few years from now. -49 -

Moreover, a team of Department's employees under a land surveyor did some surveys in the Montreal area to detect encroachments on the public domain. The surveys also aimed at setting up data to define the ordinary high water mark which is the boundary between public and private property on domanial lakes or rivers. The problem turned out to be very complex and could not be completely solved during the fiscal year.

Finally, with the protection of rivers in view, the Hydraulic Domain Service, with the collaboration of the cadastre division of the Department of Lands and Forests, examined the surveys of lots bordering on the major rivers of the Province, to forestall, as much as possible, any future encroachments on the public domain.

B) - Other activities of the Hydraulic Domain Service

a) As mentioned previously, the Hydraulic Domain Service oversees the rental of right-of-ways on Crown lands, for aqueducts, log sluices, or purposes connected with the hydroelectrical industry. As there seemed to be some confusion in the field, an Order in Council was sanctioned during the fiscal year, giving the Department of Natural Resources the exclusive right to rent such right-of-ways, in collaboration, however, with the other Departments involved. Of a total of 108 pending cases, some dated as far back as 1950, eighty were settled during the fiscal year. These rentals brought in revenues totalling $30,731.90.

b) Moreover, as mentioned previously, when there is a lack of court decisions, the Service will give certain opinions, to the Department of Natural Resources as well as to other Departments, as to whether or not lakes or rivers are navigable.

One hundred and five such opinions were given and five lakes were specially studied by the Service's engineers before an opinion could be issued.

c)In addition to the requests for the establishment of dams, the construction of which was provided under various sections of the Act Respecting the Use of Water-courses, the Hydraulic Domain Service received many others where dams were wanted for other purposes, such as fish breeding, recreation, etc.

When these dams require that Crown lands or rights be taken over, the Service recommends the issuance of leases in certain - 50- cases. In others, the Service cannot do anything but warn the owner of his liability for damages to third parties should such damages occur.

During the fiscal year, eighty-five such requests were received and studied by the Service.

It is to be hoped that the law will be amended very soon to take care of such constructions whether or not Crown lands are affected.

The Hydraulic Works Service is made up of three divisions, whose activities during the fiscal year are recorded below.

i) Remedial Works Division

To cope with the most pressing needs, two recently graduated engineers were added to the staff of the division, which now includes: the engineer in charge, three engineers, three technicians and a works supervisor.

During the summer of 1962, the Division employed seven students in topographical survey parties under engineers and technicians. In addition, three works supervisors have been employed on a part-time basis, since the fall of 1962, to help our engineers prepare, organize and supervise remedial works.

Remedial works in streams aim at protecting shores against erosion by means of •supporting walls made of rip-rap, stone- facing, masonry, gabions, etc., or at correcting river beds by dredging, straightening and grading.

However, during the fiscal year, the Division's field of action was broadened to encompass, in addition to purely local corrections, the study of projects scheduled to be undertaken within the scope of overall plans affecting the hydrographic basin of certain streams.

These projects perforce require the collaboration of other Services of the Department and even some help from private organizations; the realization of such projects will be spread out over a number of years.

Standards of intervention in remedial works remained as they were set last year. Only those requests are considered - 51 - that reached the Department following a resolution by a municipal council. This policy was adopted because in most cases these remedial works fall under the jurisdiction and obligation of municipalities, according to the municipal code. The cost of these works being usually beyond the financial reach of the municipalities, the Department's intervention is only a matter of assistance, as in every case the municipality involved must bear part of the costs of such works under one form or another.

Because rural municipalities have a very limited budget to apply against the cost of remedial work to be undertaken, the Department's authorities have established the following rules:

a) Whenever possible, the municipality must take advantage of the winter work programme as far as labor costs.

b) The municipality must place at the disposition of the Department, at no cost whatsoever, the land and right-of-ways needed for the under- taking.

c) It must, by a resolution of the council, pledge to bear the costs of the ordinary maintenance of the works, once these are completed.

Because cities and towns are more likely to meet their financial obligations on the subject of remedial works in streams, the rule is that their contribution may range from ten to fifty per cent of the cost of the works done by the Department at their request, according to the number of persons who will benefit and the advantages they will derive from the works. In addition to their financial contributions, cities and towns must fulfill the three conditions set down for rural municipalities.

Provisions are made for the setting up of a schedule of periodic inspections of remedial works to check whether municipalities are living up to their responsibilities concerning the ordinary maintenance of the works they requested the Department to do.

In 1962-63, the Remedial Works Division received sixty-six new requests from municipal councils; these were added to the twenty-three that had not been attended to during the previous fiscal year owing to the onset of winter. Of the eighty-nine -52 - requests, sixty-six were studied but twenty-three had to be set aside because they were received too late to permit inspection before the winter season set in.

The sixty-six requests studied may be classified as follows:

- Forty-four requests were rejected after inspection and study because they did not meet the standards established for intervention by the Department.

- Five requests are still pending because they have certain features that cannot be completely studied until an appraise- ment has been made in the field, supplementary information has been obtained from the interested party,or other Departments have been consulted.

- Six requests were acted upon because the required works were urgently needed.

- Eleven requests have been recommended for execution during the coming fiscal year.

The Remedial Works Division completed twenty-five projects affecting water-courses. The 1961-62 report mentioned that requests submitted during 1961-62 had led to the preparation of twenty- seven projects to be executed in 1962-63. However, out of the twenty- seven, only seventeen have been realized: the ten projects that were not attempted in 1962-63 are listed further on.

Added to the seventeen projects carried out, are six unscheduled ones that were attended to because of the urgent character of the requests; finally, major repair and maintenance work had to be done on two projects previously completed by the Department; this accounts for the twenty-five projects mentioned above.

With the help of the seven students engaged for the summer of 1962, the technicians of the Division carried out thirty- one topographical surveys to prepare the plans needed for the lay-out of future projects. - 53 -

Remedial works done in 1962-63

a) New channels

1 - In Petite Cascapédia river, a new 2,700-foot channel was dug, from lot 610 to lot 618, range IV, New Richmond township, Bonaventure county. In addition, a 700-foot-long rock-facing was built to protect the earth dam closing the former river bed.

2 - Grands-Méchins river was diverted from its course over a distance of 160 feet, at lcts 22-C-1 and 23-A, range I, Dalibaire township, Matane county. A rock-facing protects the dam closing the former river bed.

3 - An arm of Becancour river was closed by the construction of a rock dam fronting lot 158, Village of Becancour, Nicolet county. To compensate for the resultant narrowing of the flow sections, the main bed of the river was widened and deepened over a distance of 2,000 feet. These works are located immediately above the highway bridge on Highway 3.

4 - The river bed of Anse-à-Velleau river was out- lined anew through dredging on lots 2, 3, 4 and 5, range I North, Sydenham township, Gaspé-North county. A stone facing was built on lot 2, range I North, to protect the shore, over a distance of 260 feet.

b) Shore protection

5 - A 570-foot-long rock-facing was built along Nouvelle river, fronting on lot 11, range Southwest, Nouvelle township, Bonaventure county. The bed of this river was also cleaned, from lot 10 to lot 13, range Southwest, and from lot 12 to lot 16, range Southeast, Nouvelle township.

6 - On Saint-Jean river, on lots 27 and 28, range II, Saint-Jean township, Chicoutimi county, the shore of the river was smoothed out to give it a more stable slope; this shore was then strengthened by a retaining wall made partly with gabions, partly with dry stones. This protection extends over a distance of 655 feet. The bed of the river was also cleaned there.

7 - A retaining wall made with gabions was built fronting on lot 887 of the town of Baie Saint-Paul, over a distance - 54 - of 250 feet to tie up two retaining walls already there. The gabion wall was recovered with masonry cement to prevent rats from nesting there. For the same reason, masonry cement was applied to the other gabion walls previously built by the Department. This protection to the existing walls covers a stretch of 700 feet.

8 - On Martre river, a gravel embankment protected by a stone-facing some 285 feet long was built fronting lot 41, range I, Christie township, Gaspé-North county, immediately above the bridge on Highway 6.

9 - The bed of Cap-Chat river was cleaned on lots 14 and 15, range V, Romieu township, Gaspé-North county, and a stone- facing, 1200 feet long, was built to protect the shore on those two lots.

10 - On the same river, cleaning and dredging operations were carried out over a length of 3,600 feet, from lot 38-3-1 to lot N-3-2, range III, Cap-Chat township, Gaspé-North county. The excavated material was used to build an embankment on the left shore and this embankment was protected by a 1,200-foot-long stone-facing.

11 - The bed of Darmouth river was straightened, fronting lot 21, range I, Sydenham township, Gaspé-South county, and a 400-foot-long stone-facing was built fronting this same lot to protect the shore.

12 - Following a landslide along the road from Rivière Ouelle to Saint-Pacôme, on lots 419 and 420 of the parish of Rivière-Quelle, Kamouraska county, the bed of Quelle river was cleaned and the shore strengthened by driving two rows of piles to a depth of 15 feet and loading them with stones; this belt of piles is 230 feet long.

13 - Further downstream on Quelle river, opposite lots 223, 426 and 427 of the parish of Rivière Quelle, Kamouraska county, the shore was strengthened over a distance of 225 feet by two rows of stone-laden piles. The shore itself above this pile foundation was protected by a stone-facing up to the high water mark.

14 - On Saint-Maurice river, bordering on lots 27 and 28 of the town of La Tuque, Laviolette county, the base of the shore was protected by a double row of stone-laden piles, over a length of 1,200 feet. The shore itself was smoothed out and covered with a blanket of gabions. -55-

15 - The bed of Matane river at Saint-René-Goupil, Matane county, was cleaned and the excavated material was used to build an embankment subsequently protected by a 1,500-foot-long stone-facing on lots 12 and 13, range Northeast, Tessier township.

16 - On the same river, on lots 15 and 16, range Northeast, Tessier township, a similar correction was made and the shore was stabilized with a 1,500-foot-long stone-facing.

17 - Again, on Matane river, a 1,500-foot-long stone-facing was built to protect the shore on lots 25, 26 and 27, range Northeast, Tessier township.

18 - A 165-foot-long masonry was built on the left bank of Providence brook, on lot 36, range III, Estcourt township, Temiscouata county; directly above the bridge on Highway 51, at Sully, at the same place but on the right bank of Providence brook, a 250- foot-long stone-facing was built to protect the shore against erosion.

c) Improvement in the width of flow

19 - The bed of Bulstrode river was cleaned over a distance of 2,000 feet, that is from lots 1175 to 1178, range II, Halifax township, Mégantic county. Debris from the wreckage of a bridge abutments had considerably narrowed the width of the flow there.

20 - On lots 185 and 186, village of Saint-Casimir, Portneuf county, the bed of the Noire river was dredged over a distance of 800 feet to improve conditions of flow. The excavated material was used to raise the right bank there.

21 - At Mont Saint-Pierre, Gaspé-North county, Mont Saint-Pierre river was cleaned and dredged over a length of 9,600 feet from its mouth. The excavated material was used to build embank- ments on both shores.

22 - To reduce flood dangers in the village of East- man, Brome county, the bed of Missisquoi river was cleaned, dredged and straightened over a length of four and a half miles, from Trousers lake to the C.P.R. bridge near the village of Eastman. In addition, improvements were made in the beds of two tributaries of the Missis- quoi within the above-mentioned section. In one creek, the improvements were done over a length of 730 feet; in the other, over a distance of 370 feet. - 56 -

d) Maintenance works

23 - On Creuse river, at Notre-Dame-du-Lac, Temis- couata county, there had to be completed the insulation of an aqueduct pipe that was resting too much in the open following remedial work done by the Department in 1961-62, on lot 107, range I of Notre-Dame-du-Lac parish.

24 - A curve in the bed of Caplan river, on lot 268, range I, New Richmond township, had to be completed to prevent the water from flowing directly against a gabion wall built there in the fall of 1961. This intervention was necessary to avoid gradual break- down of the work already completed.

e) Special works

25 - Engineers and technicians of the Remedial Works Division helped the town of Mégantic during the emergency work undertaken at the Gayhurst dam in the spring of 1962. The work consisted of digging a breach through a natural spur to divert the flow of Chaudière river from the dam site.

For all the work done during the fiscal year, the Division, as far as possible, hired local labour; to do this, the engineer in charge of organizing the work would call on the Regional Provincial Unemployment Office to obtain a list of the unemployed in the locality concerned.

As most of the work is done in the fall, this policy resulted in bringing some decrease in unemployment which is generally on the increase everywhere at that time of the year.

In addition to various tradesmen, such as plumbers, carpenters, and dynamiters, 230 labourers worked a total of 21,266 hours completing the above-mentioned work.

All local man-power used was paid according to the recommendations of the Quebec Department of Labour, according to the scale of Fair Wages for the various zones and regions of the Province. - 57 -

List of remedial works planned for 1962-63, but not carried out.

1 - Eaton river at Sawyerville, Compton county: study not completed;

2 - Grande-Vallée river, at Grande-Vallée, Gaspé- North county: impossible to secure needed right-of-ways;

3 - Mont-Louis river at Mont-Louis, Gaspé-North county: during the work preparation period, the dam near the mouth of the river was partly demolished; this dam was owned by the Mont-Louis Seigniory Limited. Flow conditions in the river having improved following disappearance of the dam, the work project had to be modified and the studies could not be completed in time to permit dding the work during this fiscal year. The new project will not be as extensive as the old one;

4 - Malbaie or Portage river, at Bridgeville, Gaspé- South county: work postponed indefinitely to allow studies of the evolution of flow conditions. This case is not urgent;

5 - Matane river, in the parish of Saint-Jérôme, Matane county: this river is classed as a salmon river; work could only be started very late in the fall. When the three projects were completed at Saint-René-Goupil, the season was too advanced to undertake the work at Saint-Jérôme;

6 - Humqui river, at Amqui, Matapedia county: impossible to secure needed right-of-ways;

7 - Nicolet river, at Sainte-Monique, Nicolet county: project cancelled because, between the date of the topographical survey and that of the start of the work, riparian owners had completely changed conditions at that place by removing quantities of gravel from the river bed;

8 - Caouette creek, at Bromptonville, Richmond county: a more thorough study revealed that the flood problem was created by an inadequate municipal sewage system; modification of municipal sewage systems is not a function of the Department, therefore the project was abandoned; -58-

9 - Becancour river, at its mouth: this project was not undertaken because riparian owners were opposed to it and would not grant the needed right-of-ways;

10 - Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré river, village of Beau- pré, Montmorency county: the work could not be done because the municipality refused to adhere to the norms set by the Department for that type of work. '

ii) Dams Division

The activities of this Division did not change during the fiscal year, nor did its personnel, which comprised the chief engineer in charge, two engineers and twenty-six dam watchmen.

During the work season the Division hired a technician on a part-time basis and employed a foreman on loan from the Equipment Service.

The field of activities of this Division includes:

1 - The storage dams owned by the Department, involving: a) periodical inspection of these dams;

b) recommendations as to maintenance, repair or reconstruction of these dams, as well as of their appurtenances, watchmen's houses, access roads, power and telephone lines;

c) preparation and execution of projects approved by the Directors of the Waters Branch.

2 - The construction of dams for municipal purposes, involving:

a) inspection of dam sites after requests by municipalities for financial help to build dams for municipal purposes;

b) preparation of projects and execution of the- work after they have been approved by the Directors of the Waters Branch and the deter- mining of the financial contribution of the municipalities towards the costs of these dams. -59-

3 - Dams erected under private rights: at the request of other services, the Dams Division takes over the inspection of dams erected under private rights to determine their nature, the state of their preservation and their characteristics of stability.

These inspections are aimed at preventing a repetition of the heavy damages caused in the past by the failure of dams in this category.

Intervention standards, defined last year in regard to the financial help granted by the Department to municipalities that wish to build dams for municipal purposes, have not been changed.

1 - As in remedial works, the Department considers only those requests submitted through a resolution of a municipal council.

2 —Depending on the benefits accruing from the construction or repair of such dams and the number of beneficiaries, individuals or municipalities, the municipal contribution to the costs of the works may range from ten to fifty per cent.

3 - Whenever possible the work must be carried out within the framework of the winter works programme.

4 - Whatever their financial contribution, municipalities must pay, to the Department, an annual rental fee for the use of the rights and lands of the Crown involved in the building and maintenance of such dams. This rental is set by the Hydraulic Domain Service according to existing tariffs for the rental of such rights and lands. - 60 -

It was stated in the 1961-62 report that the Dams Division had planned or reviewed five construction projects to be realized in 1962-63. Of these five:

1 - The partial reconstruction of the house of the head watchman at Pibrac dam, Kénogami lake, was made.

2 - The construction of a 100- by 28-foot warehouse near Gouin dam was started and about 75 per cent completed. Work had to be suspended because winter had made it too costly to proceed. Construc- tion should be completed in 1963-64.

3 - The reconstruction of the storage dam of Théodore lake in the North River basin could not be undertaken because complete agreement could not be reached as to the amount of dues claimable from the users of hydraulic power. The project was deferred to 1963-64.

4 - The reconstruction of the Masson Lake storage dam could not be undertaken for the same reasons as mentioned above. This project has also been deferred to 1963-64.

5 - The construction of the dam for municipal purposes, at the outlet of Massawippi lake, scheduled for 1962-63, could not be undertaken because agreements with the five municipalities involved could not be reached in time. This project has therefore been deferred to 1963-64.

In addition to the above-mentioned constructions, the Division had to prepare and undertake all or part of certain other maintenance projects described hereunder:

1 - Construction of a retaining wall on the left bank above the C dam to stop erosion occurring there; this retaining wall was of the dry rock type, 185 feet long, twelve feet high,and twelve feet thick on the average.

2 - Sanding and painting of two of the four flood-gates of the C dam; the other two had received a similar treatment two years ago.

3 - Installation of a railing at the top of the C dam over a length of 540 feet; work had to be stopped when it was half completed because of winter. Completion is scheduled for 1963-64. - 61 -

4 - Laying of the outside covering (asbestos siding) on a shed twelve feet by twelve feet where are stored various tools needed to operate the raising mechanism of the C dam.

5 - Construction of a concrete foundation for an alumin- um building, twenty-eight feet by fifty-three feet, used to lodge workmen when there is work to be done on the Gouin dam.

6 - At the request of the Hydrometry Division, a shelter was built over the well containing a hydrometric scale, at Valcartier on Jacques-Cartier river. This building protects an automatic water level recorder in that well.

In addition, the Division prepared and reviewed, during the fiscal year, certain projects scheduled for 1963-64.

As is the case for remedial work, the Division hired, whenever possible, local labour to do the above described construction; the engineer in charge would call on the Regional Pro- vincial Unemployment Office to obtain a list of available workmen in the area involved.

Those men were paid according to the recommendations of the Quebec Labour Department, following the scale of Fair Wages for the various zones and regions of the Province.

iii) Costs Division

This Division is made up of an engineer and a clerk; occasionally, when needed, the engineer in charge took part in the activities of the Remedial Works and the Dams Divisions.

The function of this Division is to collect, compile and analyse all possible information in order to build up a documentation on unit costs in the type of works done by the Hydrau- lic Works Service.

These compilations and analyses are aimed at:

- the establishment of unit costs for the works done by the Hydraulic Works Service;

- the analysis of construction methods used and of recommendations aimed at lowering the unit costs, if possible; -62-

- the compilation and study of unit cost of works done by other organizations;

- the preparation of costs estimates for works scheduled by the Hydraulic Works Service;

- the elaboration of analytical processes and method'S in the field of costs.

The analysis of expenses incurred in doing the works in 1962-63 is added to the information already at hand on works undertaken during the previous fiscal year; it helps build up a more accurate documentation on unit costs applicable to various phases of the works. This documentation, becoming more complete from year to year, enables us to prepare with greater accuracy our costs estimates of planned projects.

3 - Study and Research Service

This Service was established toward the end of the 1961-62 fiscal year, but difficulties in recruiting the specialists needed delayed its operations for a few months.

The Service was created.to fulfill various essential needs. Among these are the studies, research or verifications normally considered as necessary but very seldom done because the demands ruling the ordinary activities of the Directors of the Branch and the other Services are too heavy.

The prime function of the Service is to ensure the carrying out of tasks either too long or too specialized, such as those needed in the preliminary preparation of an overall plan of works in rivers, or, those connected with the basic preparation for a decision concerning the management of the hydraulic domain.

At the end of 1962-63, the Study and Research Ser- vice comprised only two engineers and one technician, but it managed to contribute efficiently to the outlining of two important plans, to the improvement of basic studies and to the solution of some problems created by unforeseeable emergencies.

Amongst the most noteworthy achievements of the year are: -63-

- the primary outline of the overall plan of remedial works in Chaudière river;

- the preparation of a decision concerning Des Prai- ries river (question still under study);

- the documentation covering a recommendation regarding the protection of the riparian owners along Chaudière river threatened by the unsafe condition of the Gayhurst dam.

B - The Hydrological Services

The continuous increase in water requirements is the direct consequence of the population explosion and is tied to the desire to raise the standard of living and to the necessity of using our environment in a more intelligent way.

Such growth unavoidably creates problems. Activi- ties have been directed during the past ten years toward the development of resources located in rather undeveloped areas. But even in well developed regions, water problems are present, partly because the development and exploitation of these regions have not been organized in a rational way. While in the past many projects could be brought to fruition without hydrological study, it is becoming impossible to do so to-day, even in countries that are not arid by nature.

The population and industrial growth in flood- threatened areas intensifies the destructiveness of floods which are occurring more frequently. The flow of rivers must be placed under control to reduce flood damages.

To fulfill water requirements, to make hydraulic • power installations possible, to avoid the damages resulting from the upset of the natural equilibrium of water, basic or applied research is needed in the field of hydrology.

Hydrology is the science of the earth s waters, their formation, circulation, distribution, chemical and physical properties and their alteration in the human environment and through human activities.

All basic or applied research in this field rests, consequently, on the knowledge of the availability and the circulation of the water in its phases: in the air, on surface and underground. This knowledge, in turn, is founded on the observation, -64- compilation and analysis of a large assortment of data on precipitation and various meteorological factors, the variation of level in lakes and rivers, the flow in rivers, and the topography of rivers of the Province.

Through its Hydrological Services, which include Meteorology, Hydrometry, Hydrography, and Operation of Storage Dams, the Government of Quebec can assume the responsibility of collecting and supplying fundamental data on Quebec waters.

1) By Order in Council No.584,dated April 3, 1962, the Government of Quebec unified within the Department of Natural Resources all the meteorological activities carried out previously by various departments, notably the Department of Lands and Forests and the Meteorology Service of the Department of Natural Resources.

During the fiscal year in review, efforts were aimed at the administrative and technical organization of the Service.

The new Meteorology Service has two main tasks: first, to organize the Provincial meteorological network, to stand- ardize directives to observers and to collect data needed by all sciences; secondly, to verify, tabulate and analyse meteorological data collected over many years past by various organizations and to publish them so that they are available to all interested parties.

This Meteorology Service will greatly ease the application of weather data to hydrological, agricultural, forest, economic and other studies and will make a necessary contribution tc the conservation of Quebec's natural resources.

To fulfill its first function, the Service has set up an inspection division which is charged with establishing stations, with giving observers uniform technical directions, with creating the needed relations between the observers in all regions and the personnel of the various departments in constant need of weather data. Therefore, the present network of meteorological stations both permanent and seasonal will be so planned that it will collect data repre- sentative of all the regions of the Province and will serve every branch of science. - 65 -

At the end of the fiscal year in review, the Pro- vincial meteorological network numbered 464 stations distributed as follows:

- 310 permanent stations operating the year 'round; - 154 seasonal stations operating during the summer only.

Following is a comparison between the densities of permanent stations in Quebec, in Canada, and in the United States:

Number of Stations

Per 1,000 Per 10,000 square miles inhabitants

Quebec 0.5 0.6 Canada 0.4 1.1 United States 4.6 0.9

The Division took charge during the year of the snow survey made periodically at sixty-three stations distributed throughout the Province, to find out the depth of the snow blanket and its water equivalent.

A verification and tabulation Division was set up to gather weekly and monthly all the results of observations made at all the meteorological stations in Quebec. The section checks and tabulates daily data and prepares monthly summaries for publication. During the fiscal year, data supplied by 268 permanent stations were checked and tabulated.

The same Division must check, correct and tabulate meteorological data and the daily values of the forest flammability index supplied by 187 meteorological stations located in forests. A weekly report of these data is sent to the personnel charged with the protection of forests in all the forestry divisions of Quebec.

When the forest protection season is over, the Division prepares the basis of a study on the dangers of forest fires and on their intensity and frequency during the past summer season. This Division also helps engineers and meteorologists to prepare special climatological studies. - 66 -

A third Division, made up of research men, analyses and studies climatic data in relation to the needs of the various Departments of the Quebec Government,and, in addition, supplies the general public with monthly and annual summaries of the observed meteorological elements.

Under agreements reached as the organization of the Service was progressing, the Dominion Weather Bureau supplies the usual meteorological instruments and a monthly verification and tabulation form, puts on a punched card the data received from Quebec and publishes them monthly with all the Canadian data. On the other hand, the Provincial Service installs and supervises the stations in Quebec, gathers the information and pays the observers. Every week, the observers send the daily data to the Provincial Service, which checks them, makes a copy, and forwards them to the Federal Service. The Provincial Service uses these data in its monthly review "Bulletin Météorologique".

The Meteorology Service also publishes monthly a "Feuillet Météorologique" that keeps the observers in contact with the Service. This "Feuillet" brings regularly to the observers some directives, instructions and news,all oriented toward making them interested in the operation of their stations.

2) The Hydrometry Service's task is to study the re- gime of water-courses. The basic data for these studies are the levels of lakes and the levels and flows of rivers; during the second year of its existence, the Service was mainly preoccupied with collecting these data. At the end of the fiscal year in review,the number of hydrometric stations under the jurisdiction of the Service had risen to 160, including thirty-one new stations opened during the year. These stations may be classed as follows:

Tvpe: Fifty limnimetric stations (water levels only) of which three are new; One hundred and ten gauging stations (levels and flows) of which twenty-eight are new.

Equipment: Ninety-six limnimetric scales; Sixty-four limnigraphs (water lever recorders).

Jurisdiction: Ninety-five (50 limnimetric and 45 gauging stations) under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Hydrometry Service; - 67 -

Sixty-five gauging stations jointly administered with the Hydraulic Resources Branch of the Federal Department of Northern Affairs and National Resour- ces.

The following table shows the densities of the network of gauging stations in Quebec, Canada, and the United States:

Number of Stations

Per 1,000 Per 10,000 square miles inhabitants

Quebec 0.2 0.2 Canada 0.4 0.8 United States 2'.0 0.4

At each gauging station, flows are calculated according to the water levels following a level to flow ratio. This ration is set or controlled by regular flow measures.

The forty-five gauging stations under the exclusive direction of the Service are generally located in the uninhabited sectors of Quebec, mainly in the Territory of New Quebec.

Of these stations, twenty-one are located in the drainage basin of tributaries of James bay and Hudson bay, such as Eastmain, Grande, Great Baleine and Little Baleine rivers. The figure includes four new stations placed in service during the year.

The Service began, during the year, a programme of observations on the tributaries of Ungava bay, Saint-Jean lake, and the lower reaches of the North Shore of the St. Lawrence. Thirteen gauging stations were placed in service in the drainage basin of the tributaries of Ungava Bay, such as Feuilles, Larch, Caniapiscau, Baleine and George rivers; seven, in the drainage basin of the tributaries of Saint-Jean lake, such as Mistassini and Chamouchouane rivers; four, in the tributaries of the North Shore, such as Nabisipi, Natashquan, Aguanus rivers and the Dany, a tributary of the Aguanus.

The stations on the North Shore and in the Saint- Jean lake areas were visited regularly both in summer and winter by personnel travelling from the Quebec office; the trips lasted, on the average, five to ten days. The party responsible for the tributaries - 68 - of James bay and Hudson bay stayed at Carbillet lake, from June to September. A party, based at Fort Chimo, covered the tributaries of Ungava bay from July to September. Winter observations in both these areas were done by parties leaving the Quebec office for a period from fifteen to twenty-five days.

During the time the rivers were free of ice, the Hydrometry Service made 268 inspections and took 131 measurements at the thirty-four gauging stations. When the rivers were covered with ice, a minimum of three gaugings at each stations is deemed necessary; the Service made 139 inspections and 102 gaugings.

Under an agreement dating back to 1922, the Hydrau- lic Resources Branch of the Federal Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources, at the request of the Quebec Government and in return for a fixed subvention, measures and calculates the flows at the sixty-five gauging stations located mostly in the inhabited regions of Quebec. For its part, the Service pays the observers and takes care of maintenance and collects the data recorded on the lim nigraphs.

In addition, the Hydraulic Resources Service has the task of collecting and publishing the hydrometric data secured at sixty hydroelectric plants or dams throughout the Province, operated by private or governmental organizations. Under the Federal Protection of Navigable Waters Act or under particular interests concerning inter- national stations located in adjacent waters, it also takes care of an additional nineteen hydrometric stations.

At the end of the fiscal year, the Department of Natural Resources notified the Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources that the 1922 agreement was annulled. After April 1st, 1964, the Hydrometry Service will take over the collection and publication of the data now supplied by the sixty-five gauging stations still under joint management and of the data coming from the sixty plants or dams.

To fulfill its programme of data collection, the Service employed 105 observers at 108 hydrometric stations. The fifty-two other stations located in uninhabited regions are equipped with long-running recording apparatus• and thus did not need local observers. -69-

More and more the needs for level and flow data require observations on rivers in the uninhabited parts of the Province. It is becoming necessary to equip these stations with long-running recording apparatus. The Service has continued to study various types of recording devices to find one that would meet the following speci- fications: self-running for a minimum of four months; precise recording of water levels, low purchase and installation costs and dependable operation at low temperatures (as low as - 60°F.).

The studies of the regimes of water-courses require the determination of the daily, monthly and annual fluctuations of water flows. In order to facilitate, ensure and increase the scope of the studies, the Hydrometry Service has started to study the use of electronic computers. Five engineers followed a three-week course given by the employees of I.B.M. About ten programmes have been developed to determine the various statistical characteristics of the monthly and annual flows. To date, the monthly data of twenty-nine gauging stations have been punched on cards and the Service foresees the publication of a pamphlet for each station, summarizing the results of the ten programmes mentioned above. The Service foresees an increasing use of computers to process hydrometric data and hydrological studies.

3) The Hydrography Service has the task of mapping the areas occupied by our waters, both lakes and rivers. For that, it surveys the longitudinal profile of the main rivers by establishing, along their courses, altitude datum lines; it establishes the vertical control necessary to the mapping, by means of photogrammetry, of strips of land along the course of the rivers; it does soundings in the main lakes to find out their depths.

In 1962-63, the work consisted mainly in establishing altitude datum lines along the rivers in the basins of James bay, Hudson bay and Ungava bay. The work done may be distributed as follows:

1 - Drainage basins of James bay and Hudson bay: Period: May to September, 1962 No. of parties: Six No. of miles of levelling: 1,164 Rivers studied: a) Great Baleine: 114 miles, from longitude 75°35' to outlet of Bienville lake; - 70 -

b)Sakami: 99 miles, from Sakami lake to Pontois river; c)Pontois: 70 miles, from Sakami river to Great river; d)Great: 251 miles, from Sakami river to longitude 72°55'; e)Rupert: 16 miles, from the river mouth to Mile 16; f)Némiscau: 108 miles, from Némiscau lake to Eastmain river; g)Eastmain: 215 miles, from Conglomerate George to Le Veneur island; h)Broadback: 154 miles, from White Fish river to longitude 74°50'; i)Traverse between Eastmain and Broadback rivers: 82 miles; j)Du Chef: 35 miles, from Laganière lake to Mistassini lake; k) Témiscamie: 20 miles, from the river mouth to Mile 20;

2 - Drainage basin of Ungava bay: Period: June - September, 1962 No. of parties: Two No. of miles of levelling: 292 Rivers studied:

a)Kaniapiscan: 156 miles, from Eaton Canyon to Kaniapiscan lake; b)George: 52 miles, from coordinates(longitude 64°42', latitude 55°53') to coordinates (longitude 64035', latitude 55°43') and from coordinates (longitude 64°37', latitude 55°33') to coordinates (longitude 64°23', latitude 54°58'); c)Sérigny: 84 miles, from the river mouth to coordinates (longitude 69°58' and latitude 55°26').

In addition, during the months of February and March; 1963, a party was organized to check part of the work done previously on the Sakami, Rupert and Chamouchouane rivers. On this occasion, 104 miles of levelling was done. - 71 -

All in all, nineteen parties including engineers, technicians, students and helpers did 1,560 miles of levelling. Most of the work was done during the summer 1962, thus providing summer employment to some sixty students from engineering schools.

During the winter, the permanent staff busied itself tabulating and calculating the result of levelling done during the past summer and preparing work for the coming one. To this routine work, was added this year a course of initiation for programmers in the use of computers for the compiling and computing of results. Three members of the Hydrography Service have followed this course and already programmes for the adjustment of the levelling network have been elaborated.

The adjoining map shows the whole of the levelling lines completed in the programme of inventory of our hydraulic resources.

4 - The Operation of Dams Service regulates the flow of twenty-six reservoirs owned by the Crown and under the jurisdiction of the Department. Four other reservoirs, located in the basins of the Mitis and Saint-Anne-du-Nord rivers are also Crown property, but their operations are the responsibility of the companies that benefit from the waters impounded in these rivers. All in all, thirty-three dams are used to control releases of water from these twenty-nine reservoirs where the standards of operations depend on the use, on the capacity, on the location of the reservoirs and on the number of structures regulating the flow of the main river.

In summary, the function of thè Service is to ensure a rational use of the reservoirs according to norms set by the specific purpose of each reservoir.

The scope of the functions assigned to the Service followed the construction of storage dams started in 1914 by the Quebec Streams Commission to improve hydraulic power, log floating and the main control over seasonal floods of certain rivers.

On October 1st, 1962, the Service was transferred from Montreal to Quebec, in the building occupied by the Waters Branch. Since the very beginning, the operations of dams was the responsibility of the Montreal employees of, first, the Quebec Streams Commission and of, second, the Department of Hydraulic Resources.

— 72 —

DIRECTION DES SERVICES HYDROLOGIQUES SERVICE DE L• HYDROGRAPHIE

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rRol•-RNIt,. Surveys made prior to 1962 f r .r...TP0/4 .L o.MIN.. I / Program of surveys in 1962 IytIL6 .I 84110.411.00 f. ,uo :oo yf%MONTRtAL Z.S U. S. A . u iu xlm.. ~/ OTTAwA ( 0 ~ .No..Ro~oR 1 I I — .__..._.._..._.._...J 7+ >Q x.x.x. Q. ..n M 1.844VPI.S.Pi00044P00.I%1 LONGITUDINAL PROFILES OF RIVERS IN NORTHERN QUEBEC - 73 -

Many factors favoured this transfer: such as the disruption in the personnel caused by the superannuation of many employees and the low efficiency of a Service isolated from its administration and technical staff.

Since the installation of the Service in Quebec, the main effort has been toward the reorganization of its administration. A complete revision of the forms used to tabulate, control and interpret the data related to dam operations has led to an acceleration in the reception and exchange of information in addition to permitting pro- gramming and the use of a computer to calculate dam discharge. This new procedure made it possible to halve the costs and the work needed to prepare monthly reports sent to outsiders and to free from any routine tasks the present staff, which is fifty per cent below strength.

The use of this method of handling data makes it possible to keep the original information and the results on punched cards, magnetic tapes or microfilms and use this information for all kinds of studies; for the same reasons, all the data gathered on the operations of each dam since its inception will also be transcribed.

In addition to the close supervision of the daily operation of the dams, the calculation and the planning of water releases, storage inflows and volumes available constitute the routine work of the personnel, to which must be added the administrative work related to the operation of the dams.

A start was made early in 1963 in outlining a programme aimed at improving the methods of dam operation; this work will be continued.

Following are two tables: one gives the storage capacity of river basins; the other offers a general view of the dams. TABLE I - STORAGE CAPACITY OF BASINS

NUMBER USABLE HARNESSING OF STORAGE RIVER BASINS HEIGHT OF FALL AVAILABLE POWER RESERVOIRS (109 cu.ft.) (Feet) (H. P.)

SAINT-FRANÇOIS 15.82 215 85,663 N

DU LOUP r 0.52 220 8.775

MITIS N 5.82 199 15,600 O DU NORD s 1.52 502 6,000

LIÈVRE w 54.15 514 320,310 GATINEAU 139.50 315 577,500 SAINT-MAURICE N 358.84 799 2,024,500

SAINTE-ANNE-DU-NORD N w 0.58 410 24,000

SAGUENAY, SOUTH VERSANT ~ 13.57 803 98,900

TOTAL 30 590.32 3977 3,161,248 TABLE II - SYNOPTIC TABLE OF STORAGE RESERVOIRS

RESERVOIR Maximum Height of Fall Basin Storage Area of Harnessed by RIVERS RESERVOIR DAM BASIN (Square Height Body of Water Capacity Mart of Present Users miles) (Feet) (Square miles) (109 cu.ft) Operation (Feet) -

SAINT-FRANCOIS Saint-François St-François Allard 470. 952 19.7 12.22 April 1918 215 Aylmer Aylmer • 194. 816 14.3 3.60 Oct. 1940 220 DU LOUP Fourchue Morin Morin 108. 631 1.6 0.52 Oct. 1943 MITIS Mitis Mitis Mitis 119. 861 7.6 3.42 MY 1925 199 Mistigouguèche Mistigouguèche Mistigouguèche 75. 1008 3.1 2.40 " 1954 DU NORD Aux Millets Théodore Théodore 31. 1201 1.4 0.12 Jan. 1944 252 Doncaster Masson Masson 13.2 1106 1.7 0.47 " 1927 452 Du Nord (trib.) Des Sables Des Sables 15.6 1236 1.0 0.15 Oct. 1944 302 Manitou Manitou 9.4 93 1.9 0.16

II Jan. " " Cornu Cornu 4.9 " 0.5 0.06 Il " " " Br114 Brûlé 27.5 1204 1.3 0.16 " 0.14 " 1927 " " " Long Long 15.4 1238 1.0 0.03 " 1944 Il " " " Papineau Papineau 11.0 94 0.4 " 1927 II " " Bedini Bedini 5.1 100 1.2 0.23 DU LIEVRE Du Lièvre Rapide des Cèdres Des Cèdres 2312. 659 37. 22.13 April 1930 459 Kiamika Kiamika Kiamika 280. 885 20.8 13.40 " 1954 481 May Mitchinamékus Main Dam 1941 Mitchinamékus - 348. 1255 27.7 18.62 492 Ruisseau La Loutre Broderick GATINEAU Gatineau Baskatong Mercier 5050. 778 132.5 93.57 April 1927 315 Gens-de-Terre Cabonga Cabonga 1020. 1184 157. 45.93 " 1929 1930 288 SAINT-MAURICE Mattawin Mattawin Mattawin 1590. 1178 5.4 28.02 Dec. June Aux Rats Ciconcine Ciconcine 83. 112 5.2 1.80 1942 Manouane Chateauvert C 174. 1210 15.3 9.53 Oct. 1918 799 Manouane B 300. 1350 20. 7.25 " Kempt A 564 1376 90. 25.09 " ~~ Mondonac Mondonac Mondonac 130. 113 10.1 3.53 " 1944 " Sincennes Sincennes Sincennes 20.3 107 5.2 1.03 " " " " St-Maurice Gouin Gouin 3620. 1329 566. 282.59 - " 1918 1919 410 SAINTE-ANNE- Brûlé Brûlé Brûlé 12. 20 0.84 0.30 April 0.28 April 1923 DU-NORD Savanne Savanne Savanne 18. 20 0.86 1923 423 SAGUENAY Chicoutimi Portage des Roches Oct. South Versant Kénogami 1270. 539 23. 13.57 Pibrac East 380 Au Sable Oct. 1923 Pibrac west CHAPTER IV

PLANNING BRANCH

During the fiscal year in review, the Planning Branch continued the work it had started during the preceding year, when it came into being.

The Photogrammetry Service, which had barely been organized at the start of the year, has assumed the coordination of the photogrammetry contracts awarded by various Departments. It has been possible to fulfill the needs of many Departments with a budjet almost equal to the one formerly voted for the Department of Natural Resources.

Cost of Work in Dollars and Per Cent

Topographical maps $ 400,390 40 % Aerial photos 275,900 27.6% Planimetric maps 180,640 18.1% Land controls 136,830 13.7% Mosaics 6,240 0.6%

Expenses by Department or Organization

Natural Resources $ 834,340 83.4% Quebec Hydro 38,300 3.8% Agriculture and Colonization 31,000 3.1% Lands and Forests 42,500 4.3% Game and Fisheries 4,500 0.5% Roads 49,360 4.9%

In addition to the programme coordination, the Photogrammetry Service laid the foundations of a photogrammetric archives and photo-library service. Moreover, a start was made in organizing a more thorough verification and in the establishment of control points.

The Economic Studies Service busied itself during the year with studies and analyses bearing on the purchase of private power companies by Quebec Hydro. - 77 -

In collaboration with Quebec Hydro, the Plan- ning Branch examined the various economic problems that arose and prepared the documents that were used as basis for the decisions that were taken.

To complete the policy of integrating the production and distribution of electricity, the Planning Branch, in collaboration with Quebec Hydro and the Rural Electrification Board, undertook to study the eventual acquisition of private companies by Quebec Hydro. The Economic Studies Service also cooperated with the Mines Branch, in revising projects to amend the Quebec Mining Act, more particularly in the domain of mining rights.

The Planning Branch has continued to collaborate with the Steel Industry Committee, the responsible body that is studying the possibility of establishing a steel industry in Quebec.

Finally, members of the Planning Branch cooperated, with various committees of the Economic Orientation Council preparing the documents and basic studies that will lead to the establishment of a plan of economic development for Quebec.

During the fiscal year, a nucleus of employees was hired and the primary administrative principles for the New Quebec area were established, all of which led to the creation of a New Quebec Branch, after the fiscal year had ended. CHAPTER V

Information Branch

"Every human being is entitled to objective information" Encyclical:"Pacem in Terris"

If, in a democracy, the citizenry is entitled to objective information, it behoves the State to inform the public in an honest and impartial way. Such has been the basis and the method of operation adopted by the Information Branch since its formation, in 1961, within the Department of Natural Resources.

With this in mind, an information programme was prepared. However, its scope had to be restricted during most of the fiscal year insofar as the task of writing and supplying information had to be filled by only one man. Efforts were then confined to the following three essential points: documented answers to requests for information, the announcement of administration decisions and of current work done by the Department,and the preparation of elaborate articles on Quebec's natural resources.

In this respect, results speak for themselves. They show that, in the past year and a half, the Information Branch has succeeded in arousing and satisfying very satisfactorily the interest of the public, which is becoming more and more eager for information and documentation on the state and management of its natural resources. The care exercised in answering the mail resulted in a flood of requests for information that more than doubled their number of eighteen months ago; requests now average forty per month. Varying in their nature, they deal with mineral resources and the mining industry (40%), various mining companies (20%), and hydraulic resources and electricity (12%). By decreasing order of importance they were sent by school children, students, the man in the street, teachers or professors, newspapermen and economists. A close survey of the mail received over a year shows also that Quebecers request more and more accurate information, be it in a specialized field or of a general nature and,on a regional basis, on the potential and the exploitation of natural resources; these requests are motivated as much by a desire for personal enlightenment as by the needs of work or studies.

It was also necessary for the information programme to give importance to the press releases that keep people informed - 79 - on the administrative work involved in the inventory or management of the natural resources and on the progress of the mining or hydroelectric industry. Owing to its limitations, press releases for these subjects will naturally have to be expanded into more elaborate publications. The Information Branch broke new ground in this respect, by supplying to newspapers and reviews documented articles instead of publicity messages and paid advertisements. During the fiscal year in review, with the cooperation of the Planning Branch, the Information Branch published many articles; the most noteworthy, were: "L'électri- cité, force motrice de l'économie québecoise" (Québec industriel, Granby, May 1962); "Nos richesses naturelles" (La Revue Française, Paris, May 1962); "L'Abitibi-Témiscamingue ou le sous-developpement d'un pays riche" (Supplément industriel de l'Echo abitibien et du Val d'Or Star, Val-d'Or, November 1962); and "Mineral Industry Keeps Pace" (Precambrian Mining in Canada, Winnipeg, February 1963). At the end of the fiscal year, another study was in the press of Quebec industriel: "Vers une politique de l'énergie".

All these texts were to be expanded into more elaborate publications. Because it has not been possible to hire more than one assistant in the editorial department, the Branch had to postpone to the coming fiscal year the preparation of three new publications: "List of Active Mining Companies in Quebec", "Exploitation of Quebec Mineral Resources" and "The Mineral Resources of Quebec". In the meantime, the Branch, in the first annual report of the Department for the fiscal year 1961-62, presented a basic public information text that gave a true picture of the administrative structure and tasks of the Department, as well as an accurate review of the progress of the mining and hydroelectric industries.

In addition, the Information Branch ensured the participation of the Department in regional fairs, by presenting a new pavilion showing the abundance and importance of the mineral and hydroelectric resources of Quebec. This pavilion was seen at the Salon of Agriculture, at the Montreal Show Mart, and at the fairs held at Trois-Pistoles, Rivière-du-Loup, Mont-Joli, Rouyn, Malartic and Mont-Laurier. After comparing the costs and the benefits accruing from such fairs, the authorities of the Department have decided, for reasons of internal economy, to suspend that type of publicity at the end of the fiscal year in review.

Under its director and one assistant, whose main tasks are to write and to inform, the Information Branch comprises the Li- brary, the Documentation Division, the Editing Division, and the - 80 -

Distribution of Publications Division. These Divisions attend to both the general and specialized publications issued by the Department.

During the fiscal year, the Library acquired some one thousand new items, including 575 free publications and regularly received 200 specialized reviews of which 150 were subscribed for. The Library personnel keeps all the high-ranking employees abreast of all new material received, by issuing a monthly list of new items and a monthly summary of the contents of reviews received.

The personnel of the Documentation Division collects articles and documents, mostly from newspapers, relating to natural resources and to the activities of the Department. Also, the annual reports of mining companies are classified and placed at the disposition of employees. The most important of all these texts and reviews are circulated among the senior employees.

For its part, the personnel of the Editing Division has the exclusive task of editing, transcribing and translating manuscripts. It supervises their printing as well as the printing of leaflets, circulars and forms used by the Department or the public. It will be noted that many texts on meteorology now appear in the list of our publications, since the Meteorology Service of Quebec has been attached to the Hydrological Services of the Department of Natural Resources. However, the largest number of texts published in 1962-63 were those of preliminary geological reports. There were no final geological reports published during the year.

Most of the Department's publications are distributed free of charge, with the exception of the preliminary geological reports and the final ones published since January lst,1962; these are sold for $0.50 and $1.00, respectively, each with an inserted geological map. On the other hand, the Department authorities have decided to raise, from $2.00 to $5.00, the sale price of mineral and rock collections, as from April 1st, 1963; this will somewhat close the gap between the cost and sale prices. As a matter of fact, the $10,638 received from the sale of 1,724 collections and of about 7,000 publications covers but a small fraction of the expenses incurred by the Department in their preparation.

Finally, the following is a list of the publications issued during 1962-63. It is made up of three types of works: preliminary geological reports, brochures and one bulletin on meteorology, as well as various other works. - 81 -

I - Geological publications: preliminary reports on the following areas:

R.P. 492 - Saint-Elie d'Orford Area, by Pierre Saint-Julien, 13 p. R.P. 493 - Chénier-Bédard Area, by Jean Lajoie, 8 p. R.P. 494 - Rivière-Quelle - Ixworth Area, by C. Hubert, 5 p. R.P. 495 - Manitou Lake Area, by J.I. McGerrigle, 9 p. R.P. 496 - Acton Area, by P.-J. Lespérance, 9 p. R.P. 497 - Beloeil Area, by P. Lasalle and J.A. Elson, 10 p. R.P. 498 - Rupert Bay - Missisicabi River Area, by J.H. Remick, P.-R. Gillain and C.J. Durden, 24 p. R.P. 499 - Bois-Long Lake Area, by Jean Bérard, 7 p. R.P. 500 - Des Montagnes Lake Area, by Guy Valiquette, 7 p~ R.P. 501 - Chapleau-Kaine Area, by E. Dimroth, 11 p. R.P. 502 - Kipawa Lake Area, by J.-L. Robert, 9 p. R.P. 503 - Parts of East Half of Daniel and of West Half of Isle-Dieu Townships, by John I. Sharpe, 14 p. R.P. 504 Riverin Lake Area, by A.T. Anderson, 7 p. R.P. 505 - Verchères Area, by Pierre Lasalle, 9 p. R. P. 506 - Saint-Augustin Area, by R. Davies, 11 p. R. P. 507 - Middle Hart-Jaune River Area, by Leslie Kish, 8 p. R. P. 503 - Troilus Lake Area, by D.L. Murphy, 8 p. R. P. 509 - Bourbonnais-Limousin Area, by R.-J.-E. Sabourin, 7 p• R.P. 510 - Southeast Quarter of Landrienne Township and Southwest Quarter of Barraute Township, by R. Doig, 11 p. R. P. 511 - Guigues-Pontleroy Area, by J.-Y. Chagnon, 12 p. R.P. 513 - Northwest Quarter of Roy Township by G. Duquette, 20 p. R.P. 514 - Colomb-Chaboullié-Fabulet Area, by J.H. Remick, 26 p. R.P. 516 - Southeast Quarter of Cléricy Township, by Roger Arbour, 8 p.

Various publications:

S-70 - Summary of Field Work in 1962, 20 p. S-71 - Notes on the Geology of Parts of Daniel, Isle-Dieu and Galinée Townships, by J.I. Sharpe, 7 p. S-72 - Annotated Bibliography of Metallic Mineralization in the Quebec Appalachians, 121 p.

II - Publications of the Meteorology Service Bulletin de Météorologie, monthly.

M-1 - La fréquence des dangers d'incendie en 1962 dans la province de Québec, by G.-0. Villeneuve, 35 p. M-2 - Observation de la précipitation, by G.-0. Villeneuve, 28 p. - 82-

M-3 - Le guide de météorologie en 1963, 35 p. M-4 - Observation de la température, by G.-0. Villeneuve, 41 p. M-5 - Observation de l'humidité relative et de l'évaporation, by G.-0. Villeneuve, 48 p. M-6 Observation de l'insolation, de la nébulosité, du vent et de quelques phénomènes oculaires, by G.-0. Villeneuve, 41 p. M-7 - Observation de la pression atmosphérique, by G.-0. Villeneuve, 21 p. M-8 - Variabilité des précipitations à Duchesnay, by R. Perrier, 30 p.

III - Publication of the Hydrometry Service

H.P.1- Superficie des bassins-versants des rivières de la péninsule de Gaspé à l'est de la rivière Tartigou.

IV - General or Miscellaneous Publications

S-65 - Handbook of Training in Mine Rescue and Recovery Operations, 314 p. S-68 - Department of Natural Resources. Annual report 1961-1962, 72 p. Mining Industry of the Province of Quebec in 1961, 147 p. APPENDIX I

1-) Participation in Scientific Organizations:

a)During the fiscal year, the Quebec Government approved the outline of the powers of the "Ottawa River Technical Committee". This committee, made up of representatives of the Federal Govern- ment and the Governments of Ontario and Quebec, has to prepare a hydrological study of the Ottawa River basin and a study of the regularization of the waters of this basin. The Quebec members on the committee are:

Raymond Latreille, P. Eng., Commissioner, Quebec Hydro; Michel Slivitzky, P. Eng., Director, Hydrological Services, Department of Natural Resources.

b) The Director of the Hydrological Services, Michel Slivitzky, P. Eng., was invited to become a member of the Hydrology Sub- committee of the Joint Committee of Geodesy and Geophysics of the National Research Council. This committee aims to encourage, favour and coordinate the development of hydrology and hydrological research throughout Canada. With the scope of its activities the Hydrology Subcommittee organized, in November 1962, at Calgary, the Third Canadian Symposium on Hydrology, which dealt with "Underground Waters". More than 200 scientists and research men in the various fields of hydrology took part in this symposium.

c)The Director of the Hydrological Services, Michel Slivitzky; P. Eng., and the Chief of the Hydrometry Service, Mortimer Hendler, P. Eng., took part in September 1962, at Halifax, in a meeting of the people responsible for the collection and study of the data on surface waters in the North Atlantic region. Representatives of the Federal Government, the Maritimes, the United States Government, and of the various hydrological districts of New England were present at this two-day meeting, which was aimed at coordinating the collection and study of data on surface .waters in this sector of North America. - 84 -

2-) Paper presented

"Future Development of the St. John River": paper presented by Mr. Michel Slivitzky, Director of the Hydrological Services, at a meeting held in Fredericton on June 22nd, 1963; the theme of the meeting was "Multipurpose Development of the St. John River Basin". APPENDIX II

Progress of the Mining Industry of Quebec in 1962

A 14 per cent increase in the total value of the mineral production, a twofold increase in the value of iron ore production, the closing of two mines and the opening of three new ones, the discovery of, a major gold deposit: such were the high lights of the mining industry of Quebec in 1962.

Through estimates based on operators' reports, the total value of the mineral production rose from 3455,522,933 in 1961, to •519,145,596 in 1962. This increase of more than 360,000,000 may be attributed solely to the increased production of iron ore, the value of which more than doubled, rising from 353,628,000 in 1961, to 3115,846,100 in 1962.

Looking over the provisional statistics, one notes also a big increase (50%) in the production of silver, a considerable one (19b) for zinc and a fair one for copper (8%), for cement (9%) and for sand and gravel (11%). On the other hand, the same figures show a drop of more than fifty per cent in the production of titanium dioxide, of nearly 50 per in metallic iron and of 32 per cent in industrial lime.

Based on the value of their production, the main mineral substances produced in 1962 are in the following order: first again is asbestos followed very closely by iron ore, copper, gold, cement, sand and gravel, in that order. For the first time, nickel appears on the list of mineral products of the Province.

The comparative value of the production of the main mineral substances in 1961 and 1962 are given below.

Final Figures Estimates 1961 1962

1 - Asbestos 3 115,945,000 115,945,210 2 - Iron ore 53,628,000 115,846,000 3 - Copper 86,990,000 93,861,854 4 - Gold 37,376,000 37,353,960 5 - Cement 31,413,000 34,266,873 6 - Sand and gravel 21,793,000 24,145,397 - 86 -

From this table, it can be seen that the production of asbestos and of gold is stationary. As a matter of fact, two mines, near Noranda, stopped producing gold in 1962, their ore reserves being exhausted; a third one has suspended its gold production while it is deepening its shaft.

At the same time, elsewhere three new mines were placed in production: the first, at Malartic, Malartic Hygrade Gold Mines Limited operates a quartz vein gold mine; the second, Marbridge Mines Limited produces nickel some twenty miles north of Malartic; the third one, Solbec Copper Mines Limited produces a concentrate of copper, near Disraeli, in Wolfe county.

The mining activity is also reflected in the number of mining titles issued during the year. The Department of Natural Resour- ces registered 37,069 mining claims and 1,334 development licenses in 1962; it also renewed 6,016 development licenses and granted ten mining concessions.

Among the numerous exploration programmes undertaken in 1962, some seem to indicate promising results. For example, in the Frotet Lake area, where nickel occurrences had been previously revealed, exploration has shown the existence of copper, lead and zinc mineralization; elsewhere, exploration has revealed the presence of a rich copper deposit and some deposits of other metals.

It is at the development stage that the grade and economic value of a deposit can most surely be assessed. In this regard, drilling results on work being carried out southwest of Matagami, in Joutel and Poirier townships, give hope that the copper prospects there will one day become mines. The same may be said about the drilling going on north of Noranda, in a copper-zinc deposit, with gold and silver values, discovered at the end of 1961.

But the high light of the year was the discovery, a few miles west of Val-d'Or, of a gold deposit that may turn out to hold the largest ore reserves ever found in Quebec, if not in the whole of Canada. The news has spurred exploration in the vicinity of Val-d'Or.

Finally, a few properties will join the ranks of producers in 1963, namely: Mattagami Lake Mines Limited, Orchan Mines Limited and New Hosco Mines Limited, all in the Matagami area, and all scheduled to mine copper-zinc ore deposits. - 87 -

TABLE I - Mineral Production of Quebec in 1961 and 1962

Substances 1962* 1961 Quantity Value Quantity Value

METALLICS Iron Ore: tons 11,584,497 (a) $ 115,846,110 5,639,931(a)$ 53,627,608 Copper: pounds 302,780,175 93,861,854 298,013,711 86,990.202 Gold: ounces troy 996,502 37,353,960 (b) 1,054,029 37,375,866 (b) Zinc: pounds 137,679,752 16,659,250 108,010,062 13,596,467 Iron: - - - - 7,035,921 - - - - 14,720,064 Silver, ounces troy 5,234,948 6,098,714 4,315,844 4,068,115 Nickel: pounds 3,127,256 2,611,259 - - - - Selenium: pounds 262,700 1,510,525 214,998 1,397,487 Molybdenite: pounds 797,452 1,228,672 771,358 1,092,201 Lead: pounds 9,902,700 982,348 6,784,464 692,694 Columbium: pounds 967,000 953,756 62,229 65,619 Bismuth: pounds 191,304 325,613 1/4,832 297,670 Tellurium: pounds 44,800 269,000 63,904 309,934 Titaniferous iron: tons . 20,000 188,000 17,944 151,300 Total Metallics $ 284,924,972 $ 214,387,232

NON-METALLICS L - jndustrial Minerals Asbestos: tons 1,132,809 3 115,945,210 1,103,545 $ 115,944,729 Titanium (oxide in slag) - - - - 7,779,329 - - - - 16,723,743 Magnesitic dolomite and brucite - - - - 3,395,824 - - - - 3,064,403 Industrial limestone: tons 1,125,000 3,000,000 1,117,639 2,974,454 Industrial lime: tons 302,768 2,966,100 376,350 4,702,202 Peat: tons 71,168 1,667,216 75,741 1,788,349 Sulphur: tons - - - - 1,802,101 263,600 1,856,318 Industrial quartz and sand:tons 324,011 1,718,907 302,432 1,717,502 Lithium: pounds 484,500 650,000 536,190 392,871 Feldspar: tons 10,000 220,000 10,507 229,626 Mineral water: gallons 360,000 210,000 357,948 205,923 Soapstone and talc: tons 16,000 207,000 16,274 178,911 Marl: tons 53,000 92,750 68,812 120,421 Mica: pounds 1,166,450 86,700 1,373,200 102,390 Ochre and iron oxide: tons 821 61,322 808 68,199 Graphite:tons ------146

Total Industrial Minerals $ 140,002,469 8 150,070,187

2 - Building Materials Cement: tons 2,224,163 $ 34,266,873 2,029,159 $ 31,412,617 3uilding limestone: tons 20,429,582 27,830,809 21,443,615 29,279,101 Sand and gravel: tons 44,060,533 24,145,397 44,126,199 21,793.232 Clay products' - - - - 7,625,076 - - - - 8,195,790 Building lime: tons 35,000 350,000 31,077 384,774

Total Building Materials $ 94,216,155 $ 91,065,514

GRAND TOTAL $ 519,145,596 $ 455,522,933

e Figures for 1962 are estimated; all the reports of all the operators have not yet been received by the Statistics Bureau of the Department of Industry and Commerce, in which the mineral statistics are now being collecting and tabulating. a) In view of the uncertainty as to the boundary between Quebec and Newfoundland, it is possible that this does not represent all the production of Quebec b) Value in Canadian funds. The standard value at the rate of $20.671834 per ounce troy is $20,640,868 for 1962 and $21,788,713 for 1961. - 88 -

Table II,- Value of the Mineral Production of Quebec

since 1898

Years Value Years Value

Averages - 1898 - 1902 $ 2,455,176 1940 $ 86,418,853 1903 - 1907 3,991,586 1945 91,570,982 1908 - 1912 7,640,167 1950 220,665,103 1915 11,465,873 1955 357,562,029 1920 28,392,939 1959 441,299,661 1925 23,824,912 1960 446,637,201 1930 41,158,740 1961 455,522,933 1935 39,141,734 1962 519,145,596N

x Estimate

Table III,- Comparative Value of the Mineral

Production of Quebec

Per Industrial Per Building Per Year Metals cent Minerals cent Materials cent

1940 $ 54,235,364 63 $ 19,229,099 22 $ 12,954,390 15 1945 48,082,817 53 29,045,463 32 14,442,702 15 1950 108,897,715 49 73,128,980 33 38,638,408 18 1955 184,680,850 52 105,890,962 30 66,990,217 18 1959 232,555,994 53 119,650,112 27 89,093,555 20 1960 224,355,382 50 136,235,367 31 86,046,452 19 1961 214,387,232 47. 150,070,187 33 91,065,514 20 1962N 284,924,972 54 140,002,469 26 94,218,155 20 m Estimates Table IV - Production of the Five Most Important Mineral Substances since 1952

Asbestos Iron ore Cement Copper Gold

Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value (tons) (tons) (tons) (pounds) (ounces)

1952 906,223 $ 85,248,098 - - - - $ - - - 1,272,642 $ 18,836,458 137,691,702 $ 39,297,212 1,113,035 $ 38,143,709

1954 894,128 79,906,506 650,415 3,618,309 1,319,741 19,108,680 167,860,775 48,948,202 1,097,835 37,403,238

1956 967,145 90,531,455 7,956,549 58,373,270 1,797,128 25,696,957 244,599,468 101,268,640 1,037,060 35,726,717

1958 873,604 82,018,700 6,060,325 46,859,490 1,903,635 28,686,095 262,890,590 66,826,788 1,044,283 35,484,736

1960 1,054,424 107,788,171 7,457,971 61,752,465 1,875,997 28,315,159 314,939,446 95,395,158 1,033,072 •35,072,794

1961 1,103,545 115,944,729 5,639,931 53,627,608 2,029,159 31,412,617 298,013,711 86,990,202 1,054,029 37,375,668

1962x 1,132,809 115,945,210 11,584,497 115,846,100 2,224,163 34,226,873 302,780,175 93,861,854 998,502 37,353,960

x Approximate figures