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General Assembly: Important Votes and Consensus Actions

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General Assembly: Important Votes and Consensus Actions Voting Practices in the United Nations — 2010 IV — GENERAL ASSEMBLY: IMPORTANT VOTES AND CONSENSUS ACTIONS Public Law 101-246 calls for analysis and discussion of “votes on issues which directly affected United States interests and on which the United States lobbied extensively.” An important basis for identifying issues is their consistency with the State Department’s Strategic Goals. For the 65th UN General Assembly (UNGA) in 2010, 15 votes and seven consensus resolutions were identified for inclusion in this section. Section IV contains five parts: (1) a listing and description of the 15 important UNGA votes; (2) a listing and description of the seven important UNGA consensus resolutions; (3) voting coincidence percentages with the United States on these important actions that were adopted by votes, arranged alphabetically by country; (4) voting coincidence percentages by UN regional groups and other important groups; and (5) a comparison of voting coincidence percentages on important votes with those on overall votes from Section III. An additional column in the tables of important votes (parts three and four above) presents the percentage of voting coincidence with the United States after including an adjusted, country-specific portion of all consensus resolutions as additional identical votes. Since not all states are equally active at the United Nations, these coincidence percentages were refined to reflect a country’s rate of participation in UN voting overall. The participation rate was calculated by dividing the number of Yes-No-Abstain votes cast by a UN member in Plenary (i.e., the number of times it was not absent) by the total number of Plenary votes (87), and then multiplying that country’s participation rate by all 194 consensus resolutions. IMPORTANT VOTES The following 15 important votes are identified by title, resolution number, date of vote, and results (Yes-No- Abstain), with the U.S. vote noted. For each vote, a short description of the issue and U.S. policy considerations is provided. Where available, hyperlinks to additional explanatory material, as well as official U.S. statements, are provided. The resolutions are listed chronologically. Full texts of all resolutions can or will be found on the United Nations website, at: http://www.un.org/ga/65/resolutions.shtml. In the left-hand column, all resolutions are listed numerically. Where underscored, resolution numbers are linked to their texts. Some resolutions were not yet linked by the submission date of this report. 1. U.S. Embargo of Cuba A/Res/65/6 October 26 187-2(US)-3 The United States imposed a trade and financial transaction embargo on Cuba in 1960, because of Castro’s repressive policies and expropriation of U.S. property without compensation. The United States strengthened the embargo in 1962, 1992, and 1996. The UNGA has adopted a resolution condemning this embargo every year since 1992. Associated Web Resource: Explanation of Vote by Ambassador Ronald D. Godard 2. Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People A/Res/65/13 November 30 112-9(US)-54 The General Assembly established the Committee in 1975 by Resolution 3376; it renews its support annually. Associated Web Resources: Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People Explanation of Vote by Senior Advisor Richard Erdman 3. Division for Palestinian Rights of the Secretariat A/Res/65/14 November 30 110-9(US)-56 The General Assembly established the Division for Palestinian Rights by Resolution 32/40B in 1977. It renews its support annually. Associated Web Resources: Division for Palestinian Rights of the Secretariat Explanation of Vote by Senior Advisor Richard Erdman 4. United actions toward total elimination of nuclear weapons A/Res/65/72 December 8 173(US)-1-11 While the United States has made progress in many areas toward the goal of a world without nuclear weapons, it will require strengthening the global nonproliferation regime and addressing urgent nonproliferation challenges, including enhanced IAEA safeguards, cooperation to defeat proliferation networks, and improved security for vulnerable nuclear material. Progress on disarmament and nonproliferation is not an either-or proposition, but rather represents two aspects of the same goal. 15 Voting Practices in the United Nations — 2010 5. Hague Code of Conduct vs. Ballistic Missile Proliferation A/Res/65/73 December 8 162(US)-1-17 The United States regards the Hague Code of Conduct as an important element in the wide range of tools available to countries to impede and roll back the proliferation of ballistic missiles, and actively participates and takes a leading role in the organization. Associated Web Resource: Hague Code of Conduct 6. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty A/Res/65/91 December 8 179(US)-1-3 The United States voted for this resolution, and is committed to pursuing ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty by the Senate. Associated Web Resource: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 7. Work of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories A/Res/65/102 December 10 94-9(US)-72 The General Assembly established the Special Committee by Resolution 2443 in 1968. The United States believes that this committee embodies institutional discrimination against Israel. The United States believes this committee should be abolished and actively lobbies other countries to withdraw their support for the annual resolution that renews the Committee’s mandate. Associated Web Resource: Report of the Special Committee 8. Report of the Human Rights Council A/Res/65/195 December 21 123-1-55(US) In joining the Human Rights Council, the United States stated its willingness to support what the Council does well, but also pledged to challenge those aspects of the Council’s operation that undermine its effectiveness and mandate. The Report is a reflection of the Human Rights Council’s strengths and weaknesses. Associated Web Resources: Human Rights Council Explanation of Position by Deputy Representative to the Economic and Social Council John Sammis 9. Moratorium on use of the death penalty A/Res/65/206 December 21 109-41(US)-35 This resolution sets forth policy objectives shared by advocates of abolishing the death penalty. Associated Web Resource: Explanation of Vote by Advisor Laurie S. Phipps 10. Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions A/Res/65/208 December 21 122-1-62(US) This resolution focuses primarily on killings undertaken by governments without due process of law. The United States abstained due to concerns over the resolution’s mischaracterization of international law: in particular, the relationship between international humanitarian law and human rights law. Nevertheless, the United States believes that any text addressing extrajudicial, summary, and arbitrary executions should condemn the killings of individuals because of their sexual orientation. For this reason, the United States successfully proposed an amendment to the text including such a reference. Associated Web Resources: Statement by Ambassador Susan E. Rice; Explanation of Vote by a U.S. Advisor 11. Combating Defamation of Religions A/Res/65/224 December 21 79-67(US)-40 Over the past decade, members of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) have been working through the UN system to introduce the problematic concept of “defamation of religions” into UN resolutions and reports. The United States has consistently voted against this resolution because it does not agree that prohibiting speech is the way to promote tolerance. While appearing in name to promote tolerance, implementation of this concept actually fosters intolerance and has served to justify restrictions on the human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals, including the freedoms of religion and expression. The United States is deeply committed to addressing concerns of intolerance and discrimination and is eager to work with the cosponsors and the rest of the UNGA to address the root concerns behind the resolution in the spirit of consensus. Associated Web Resource: Report of the Secretary-General on Combating Defamation of Religions 12. Situation of Human Rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (D.P.R.K.) 16 Voting Practices in the United Nations — 2010 A/Res/65/225 December 21 106(US)-20-57 The human rights situation remains grave in North Korea. The government controls almost all aspects of citizens' lives and refuses to allow international evaluation of human rights conditions. The United States strongly supported this resolution as demonstrating the international community’s concern over the human rights situation in the D.P.R.K., the desire to hold the government accountable for its human rights violations, and to improve the situation of human rights there. Associated Web Resources: 2009 Human Rights Report: Democratic People's Republic of Korea Statement by Ambassador Susan E. Rice 13. Situation of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran A/Res/65/226 December 21 78(US)-45-59 The international community remains deeply concerned over the deteriorating human rights situation in Iran and the government’s failure to uphold its obligations under its own constitution and international human rights law. The world continues to bear witness to those in Iran who are trying to exercise their universal rights. This resolution signals that their voices are being heard. Associated Web Resources: 2009 Human Rights Report: Iran; Statement by Ambassador Susan E. Rice 14. Global Efforts for the Total Elimination of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance and the Comprehensive Implementation of and Follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Program of Action A/Res/65/240 December 24 104-22(US)-33 This resolution decided to mark the 10th anniversary of the Durban Declaration with a meeting in New York in September 2011. The United States did not support the 2001 declaration and program of action, because of its unbalanced focus on the Israeli/Palestinian conflict.
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