(3RD & 4TH QUARTER, 2019) User Data Throughput (3G) (Threshold

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

(3RD & 4TH QUARTER, 2019) User Data Throughput (3G) (Threshold INDEPENDENT CMOS’ QUALITY OF SERVICE SURVEY RESULTS (3RD & 4TH QUARTER, 2019) In the 3rd & 4th Quarter 2019, Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) has carried out Independent survey to check Quality of Service (QoS) of Cellular Mobile Operators (CMOs) from September to December 2019 in twelve (12) different cities of Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Sindh and Azad Jammu Kashmir. The names of these cities are as under: S. No. Name S. No. Name S. No. Name 1 Abbottabad 5 Muzaffarabad 9 Swabi 2 Charsadda 6 Sargodha 10 TandoAllahYar 3 Gujranwala 7 Sibbi 11 Taxila 4 Murree 8 Sukkur 12 Thatta DATA – KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS Data KPIs. The performance of data services of CMOs has been checked by measuring User Data Throughput and Signal Strength (i.e. Received Signal Code Power (RSCP) for 3G and Reference Signal Receive Power (RSRP) for 4G. User Data Throughput This KPI defines user data rate (Internet speed) to be provided by CMOs to mobile users across the coverage areas. The data throughput results of all CMOs are as under: User Data Throughput (3G) (Threshold > 256Kbps) 5000.00 4500.00 4000.00 256 kbps 3500.00 3000.00 2500.00 Kbps 2000.00 1500.00 1000.00 500.00 0.00 Overall Rural Urban Jazz 4054.12 4222.25 4358.02 Telenor 3687.67 3715.35 3731.22 Ufone 3812.62 3518.31 4114.17 ZonG 2479.75 2383.02 2521.36 CMOs User data “throughput” of 3G services found higher than the threshold value of 256Kbps Page 1 of 46 User Data Throughput (4G) (Threshold > 2Mbps) 25.00 20.00 15.00 Mbps 10.00 2Mbps 5.00 0.00 Overall Rural Urban Jazz 15.65 19.10 15.21 Telenor 4.20 6.23 3.59 ZonG 5.32 6.03 5.16 CMOs User data “throughput” of 4G services found higher than the threshold value of 2Mpbs SIGNAL STRENGTH. This KPI defines Received Signal Code Power (RSCP) for 3G and Reference Signal Receive Power (RSRP) for 4G and denotes the power measured by a receiver on a particular physical communication channel. It is used as an indication of signal strength, as a handover criterion, in downlink power control, and to calculate path loss”. The Signal Strength for CMOs are as under: Signal Strength (RSCP) 3G (Threshold: Min -100 dBm with 90% Confidence) 102.00% 100.00% 90% 98.00% 96.00% 94.00% 92.00% 90.00% 88.00% 86.00% Overall Rural Urban Jazz 97.10% 95.72% 97.47% Telenor 96.43% 96.93% 95.90% Ufone 95.97% 90.48% 97.41% ZONG 99.40% 99.24% 99.42% RSCP of 3G Network of all CMOs observed to be greater than -100 dBm with 90% confidence Page 2 of 46 Signal Strength (RSRP) 4G (Threshold: Min -100 dBm with 90% Confidence) 120.0% 90% 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Overall Rural Urban Jazz 89.2% 81.0% 90.1% Telenor 90.5% 78.6% 91.8% ZONG 95.0% 89.9% 96.9% RSRP of 4G Network of falls short of the minimum threshold (-100 dBm with 90 % confidence) both in Urban and Rural Areas Telenor and ZonG failed to achieve the desired threshold in Rural Areas. VOICE – KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS Voice KPIs. The performance of voice services of CMOs has been checked by measuring Network Down Time/Network Accessibility, Grade of Service, Service Accessibility, Call Connection Time, Call Completion Ratio, End-to-End Speech Quality and Session Abnormal Release Rate Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Network Accessibility. “The probability that mobile services are available to an end customer display of the network indicator on the mobile equipment”. Network Accessibility (Threshold: > 99%) 100% 99% 98% 99% 97% 96% 95% Overall Rural Urban Jazz 99.90% 99.89% 99.98% Telenor 99.60% 99.30% 99.80% Ufone 99.93% 99.95% 99.89% ZonG 99.97% 99.98% 99.97% SCOM 100.00% CMOs have met the threshold value of Network Accessibility Grade of Service (GOS). “Grade of Service is probability that the end customer cannot access the mobile services when requested if it is offered by display of the network indicator on the mobile phone. In simple words, Grade of Service is Network Blocking”. Page 3 of 46 Grade of Service (Threshold: ≤ 2%) 4% 3% 2% 2% 1% 0% Overall Rural Urban Jazz 1.09% 0.40% 1.07% Telenor 3.21% 2.02% 3.13% Ufone 1.48% 0.59% 2.18% ZonG 0.59% 0.40% 0.67% SCOM 0.00% Telenor failed to meet the threshold value in both Rural and Urban Areas Ufone was unable to achieve the desired threshold in Urban Areas Service Accessibility. “Service Accessibility is the probability that the user can access the desired service. A given network accessibility is a precondition for this phase”. Service Accessibility (Threshold: > 98%) 100% 98% 99% 98% 97% 96% 95% Overall Rural Urban Jazz 98.91% 98.14% 98.92% Telenor 96.76% 97.98% 96.87% Ufone 98.52% 99.42% 98.09% ZonG 99.42% 99.60% 99.33% SCOM 100.00% Telenor failed to achieve the criteria of Service Accessibility in both Urban and Rural Areas Call Connection Time. “Call Connection Time is the time between sending of complete call initiation information by the caller and in return receipt of call setup notification. In simple words, it is time between dialing a number and hearing ring-back tone”. Page 4 of 46 Call Connection Time (Threshold: ≤ 6.5 sec) 7.00 6.5 Sec 6.50 6.00 5.50 Seconds 5.00 4.50 4.00 Overall Rural Urban Jazz 6.13 6.05 5.90 Telenor 5.55 5.43 5.51 Ufone 5.28 5.35 5.08 ZonG 6.53 6.43 6.03 SCOM 4.40 ZonG failed to achieve the benchmark of Call Connection Time of 6.5 seconds. Call Completion Ratio. “Call Completion Ratio is the probability that a service, once obtained, will continue to be provided under given conditions for a given time duration or until deliberately terminated by either caller (A-party) or receiver (B-party). In simple words, this KPI provides information about Call Drops”. Call Completion Ratio (Threshold: > 98%) 100% 98% 99% 98% 97% 96% 95% Overall Rural Urban Jazz 99.10% 99.39% 98.84% Telenor 97.92% 98.15% 98.53% Ufone 99.20% 99.00% 99.06% ZonG 98.33% 98.35% 99.19% SCOM 100.00% Telenor failed to meet threshold value of 98% End-to-End Speech Quality. End-to-End Speech Quality is the degree of speech quality that a listener perceives at the terminal/mobile with a talker at the other end. In simple words, it provides information about clarity of voice. Page 5 of 46 End to End Speech Quality (Threshold: > 3) 5.00 4.50 3 4.00 MOS 3.50 3.00 2.50 Overall Rural Urban Jazz 3.78 3.75 3.77 Telenor 3.63 3.70 3.62 Ufone 3.76 3.77 3.79 ZonG 3.93 3.95 3.96 SCOM 3.70 Mean Opinion Score (MOS) of CMOs found above the threshold value of 3 Inter System Handover (ISHO) For Circuit Switched Voice. “Inter System Handover is the measurement of successfulness of Handover in 3G/2G for Circuit Switched Voice.” Inter System Handover Success Rate of CS Voice (Threshold: > 98%) 98% 100% 98% 96% 94% 92% 90% Overall Rural Urban Jazz 99.89% 98.49% 99.40% Telenor 98.92% 98.54% 98.83% Ufone 97.74% 100.00% 97.11% ZonG 97.78% 95.83% 100.00% Ufone failed to meet the threshold value of 98% in Urban Areas ZonG failed to meet the threshold value of 98% in Rural Areas Page 6 of 46 SMS – KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS SMS KPIs. The performance of SMS services of CMOs has been checked by measuring SMS Success Rate and End-to-End SMS Delivery Time Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). SMS Success Rate. SMS Success Rate is the probability that the short message is delivered successfully, end-to-end when requested and display of the relevant information on the mobile phone. It provides information about successful delivery of SMS. SMS Success Rate (Threshold: > 99%) 100% 99% 98% 99% 97% 96% 95% Overall Rural Urban Jazz 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% Telenor 98.71% 100.00% 97.58% Ufone 97.00% 100.00% 98.40% ZonG 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% SCOM 100.00% SMS Success Rate of Telenor and Ufone were observed below 99% in Urban Areas End-to-End SMS Delivery Time. End-to-End SMS Delivery Time is the time between sending a short message to a short message center and receiving the very same short message at intended mobile phone (receiver). It provides average time taken for delivery of short message from sender to recipient. End to End SMS Delivery Time (Threshold: ≤ 12 Sec) 12.00 10.00 12 Sec 8.00 6.00 Seconds 4.00 2.00 0.00 Overall Rural Urban Jazz 3.07 3.78 2.84 Telenor 2.98 2.86 3.00 Ufone 5.45 4.40 5.52 ZonG 2.91 3.65 2.99 SCOM 1.60 All CMOs are meeting the threshold for End-to-End SMS Delivery Time of 12 Seconds Page 7 of 46 CITY WISE SURVEY RESULTS 1. OVERALL User Data Throughput (Threshold: > 256 kbps) 9000 8000 7000 256 kbps 6000 5000 Kbps 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Abbottaba TandoAllah Charsadda Swabi Sukkur Thatta Gujranwala Sargodha Murree Taxila Sibbi d Yar Jazz 6963.20 4812.80 4915.20 4975.70 5326.60 2842.70 3091.50 2956.40 3295.90 4160.60 1254.70 Telenor 2355.20 3788.80 1638.40 6095.20 8217.30 4988.50 3508.90 3104.60 1170.10 2407.50 3289.90 Ufone 3276.80 2252.80 3983.36 5701.70 4349.70 4237.90 5060.00 4985.80 3030.00 3283.30 1777.50 ZonG 2355.20 521.00 709.60 4406.30 4848.40 2494.10 3066.30 4294.30 1236.20 868.80 2477.10 Page 8 of 46 User Data Throughput 4G (Threshold > 2Mbps) 30.00 25.00 2Mbps 20.00 15.00 Mbps 10.00 5.00 0.00 Tando Allah Abbottabad Charsadda Gujranwala Murree Sargodha Sibbi Sukkur Swabi Taxila Thatta Yar Jazz 13.70 23.90 7.32 23.48 13.07 7.13 16.10 11.92 20.28 19.59 Telenor 2.50 3.06 4.33 1.32 3.30 5.53 5.70 5.23 2.45 8.58 ZonG 2.30 0.90 4.40 15.33 2.71 4.30 2.43 3.60 5.17 12.99 4.40 Page 9 of 46 Signal Strength RSCP– 3G (Threshold: : Min -100dBm with 90% Confidence) 110% 90% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% Abbottaba TandoAlla Gujranwal Charsadda Swabi Sukkur Thatta Sargodha Murree Taxila Sibbi d hYar a Jazz 97.75% 94.06% 96.49% 98.11% 98.03% 99.98% 100.00% 97.84% 87.98% 99.68% 98.17% Telenor 96.03% 89.49% 99.05% 99.39% 97.56% 99.81% 99.98% 99.84%
Recommended publications
  • Ghfbooksouthasia.Pdf
    1000 BC 500 BC AD 500 AD 1000 AD 1500 AD 2000 TAXILA Pakistan SANCHI India AJANTA CAVES India PATAN DARBAR SQUARE Nepal SIGIRIYA Sri Lanka POLONNARUWA Sri Lanka NAKO TEMPLES India JAISALMER FORT India KONARAK SUN TEMPLE India HAMPI India THATTA Pakistan UCH MONUMENT COMPLEX Pakistan AGRA FORT India SOUTH ASIA INDIA AND THE OTHER COUNTRIES OF SOUTH ASIA — PAKISTAN, SRI LANKA, BANGLADESH, NEPAL, BHUTAN —HAVE WITNESSED SOME OF THE LONGEST CONTINUOUS CIVILIZATIONS ON THE PLANET. BY THE END OF THE FOURTH CENTURY BC, THE FIRST MAJOR CONSOLIDATED CIVILIZA- TION EMERGED IN INDIA LED BY THE MAURYAN EMPIRE WHICH NEARLY ENCOMPASSED THE ENTIRE SUBCONTINENT. LATER KINGDOMS OF CHERAS, CHOLAS AND PANDYAS SAW THE RISE OF THE FIRST URBAN CENTERS. THE GUPTA KINGDOM BEGAN THE RICH DEVELOPMENT OF BUILT HERITAGE AND THE FIRST MAJOR TEMPLES INCLUDING THE SACRED STUPA AT SANCHI AND EARLY TEMPLES AT LADH KHAN. UNTIL COLONIAL TIMES, ROYAL PATRONAGE OF THE HINDU CULTURE CONSTRUCTED HUNDREDS OF MAJOR MONUMENTS INCLUDING THE IMPRESSIVE ELLORA CAVES, THE KONARAK SUN TEMPLE, AND THE MAGNIFICENT CITY AND TEMPLES OF THE GHF-SUPPORTED HAMPI WORLD HERITAGE SITE. PAKISTAN SHARES IN THE RICH HISTORY OF THE REGION WITH A WEALTH OF CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AROUND ISLAM, INCLUDING ADVANCED MOSQUE ARCHITECTURE. GHF’S CONSER- VATION OF ASIF KHAN TOMB OF THE JAHANGIR COMPLEX IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN WILL HELP PRESERVE A STUNNING EXAMPLE OF THE GLORIOUS MOGHUL CIVILIZATION WHICH WAS ONCE CENTERED THERE. IN THE MORE REMOTE AREAS OF THE REGION, BHUTAN, SRI LANKA AND NEPAL EACH DEVELOPED A UNIQUE MONUMENTAL FORM OF WORSHIP FOR HINDUISM. THE MOST CHALLENGING ASPECT OF CONSERVATION IS THE PLETHORA OF HERITAGE SITES AND THE LACK OF RESOURCES TO COVER THE COSTS OF CONSERVATION.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Gandhara in Spread of Styles, Influence of Gandhara Art and Influences on Gandhara Art
    2013 Hawaii University International Conferences Arts, Humanities, & Social Sciences January 6th to January 8th Ala Moana Hotel Honolulu, Hawaii Role of gandhara in spread of styles, Influence of Gandhara Art and Influences on Gandhara Art SAMINA SALEEM Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Role of Gandhara in spread of styles (Its influences) 1 Samina Saleem Academic Qualification: Masters in Fine Arts from University of Punjab, Pakistan. Presently: student of M.Phil in Asian Studies, Taxila Institute of Asian Civilizations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Personal Position: Working as Assistant Professor in Fine Arts, in Government Post Graduate College for Women Satellite Town, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Date of Birth: 18th April, 1963 Nationality: Pakistani Address (Work): Taxila Institute of Asian Civilizations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Title of Research: Role of Gandhara in spread of styles (Comparison of South Asian Civilization of Gandhara; and its influences on Later Eastern and Western Art) Role of Gandhara in spread of styles (Its influences) 2 ABSTRACT BY SAMINA SALEEM Role of gandhara in spread of styles, Influence of Gandhara Art and Influences on Gandhara Art Basic purpose of this paper is to provide the students and researcher a new dimension to look into the art of South Asian region. This art which is known as Gandhara art flourished here from 1st Millennium to the of the 11th century AD. First part of Paper is comprised of brief history of this area, that is a part of subcontinent specially Pakistan. This area has been a trade route from west to East, also been having a magnetic attraction for West since long, because it has versatility in its Geography, climate and also its inhabitants.
    [Show full text]
  • Reference Map
    Attock ‐ Reference Map Attock Tehsil Hasan Abdal Tehsil Punjab Fateh Jang Tehsil Jand Tehsil Pindi Gheb Tehsil Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. Bahawalnagar‐ Reference Map Minchinabad Tehsil Bahawalnagar Tehsil Chishtian Tehsil Punjab Haroonabad Tehsil Fortabbas Tehsil Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. p Bahawalpur‐ Reference Map Hasilpur Tehsil Khairpur Tamewali Tehsil Bahawalpur Tehsil Ahmadpur East Tehsil Punjab Yazman Tehsil Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Pakistan's Military
    An Introduction to Pakistan’s Military July 2011 Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard Kennedy School 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Fax: (617) 495-8963 Email: [email protected] Website: http://belfercenter.org Design and Layout Tim Duffy Copyright 2011 President and Fellows of Harvard College Printed in the United States of America Contents Introduction 4 Pakistan’s Strategic Challenges: Traditional Threats and New Adversaries 8 External Threats, Inconsistent Partners 8 Internal Threats 19 A Short History of Pakistan’s Military 22 Indian Partition, Kashmir, and the Use of Proxies 22 US Military Aid, the First Military Regime, and the 1965 War 23 The 1971 War and a Return to Civilian Rule 24 Islamization, the Mujahideen, and Nuclear Stumbling Blocks 25 A Return to Civilian Rule 26 Musharraf and Kargil 27 The Post-September 11 World 27 Conventional Capabilities 30 Army 30 Air Force 31 Navy 32 Proxies 32 Nuclear Strategy and Security 34 Command and Control 35 Nuclear Doctrine 36 Key Concerns About Pakistan’s Nuclear Program 36 Counterinsurgency 38 Appendices 40 Acronyms 41 Endnotes 42 Introduction Pakistan’s military is a central actor in many of today’s most pressing security challenges, and few institutions face such extreme pressures from such diverse forces. In recent years the military has been asked to simultaneously combat a vicious internal insurgency, suppress international terror- ist groups, and respond to Pakistan’s worst floods in eighty years, all while squaring off against a much larger rival in one of the most strategically complex regions in the world. Pakistan’s armed forces are not only an instrument of the state’s foreign policy, but also the most influential actor in the country’s internal politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxila Mirrors Preserved in India and Technology Transfer
    Indian Journal of History of Science, 54.2 (2019) 135-143 DOI: 10.16943/ijhs/2019/v54i2/49657 Taxila Mirrors Preserved in India and Technology Transfer Pranab K Chattopadhayay* and Satyakam Sen** Abstract The mirrors excavated from Taxila are preserved in the collections of Museums of India and Pakistan. They are significant for information on the technological history of mirrors of the Indian subcontinent. The paper recapitulates the history of the site and excavations conducted in the past at Taxila. It also focuses on the metallurgical composition, manufacturing technique and other features like technology transfer. Key words: Cire perdue, Mahal, Mirror-technology, Omphalos, Sirkap, Takaśilā. 1. INTRODUCTION of the Jhelum and opposed the movement of Alexander. Later, Chadragupta Maurya captured Taxila or Takaśilā (25°13′52′′ N, 82°13′52′′ the North West in 325 BCE. Thus the Greek rule E), an ancient archaeological site, is situated in in Taxila was short-lived. A oka, the grandson of Rawalpindi district of Punjab, Pakistan. As per C14 ś Chandragupta, was made governor of Taxila by dates settlement at Taxila (in the Hathial area) his father Bindusara. The Taxila region was thus traces back to ca. 2550–2288 BCE. In ancient annexed under Mauryas, as mentioned in a major Indian literature, like Rāmāyaa, it is referred to A okan rock edict found in the north of Mansehra as a city founded by Bharata, who placed his son ś village (Chakrabarti, 2011, pp. 51–52). The weak Taksha as its ruler. In Mahābhārata, it is successors of A oka could not hold on to Taxila mentioned that one of the successors of Pandava, ś for long.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Status of Management and Protection of Taxila World Heritage Site, Pakistan Pakistan’Daki Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanında Yönetim Ve Korumanın Mevcut Durumu
    Current Status of Management and Protection of Taxila World Heritage Site, Pakistan Pakistan’daki Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanında Yönetim ve Korumanın Mevcut Durumu Mehmet SOMUNCU¹∗, Ashfaq Ahmad KHAN¹ ¹Department of Geography, Ankara University, Ankara Abstract: Taxila is one of the six World Heritage Sites of Pakistan. Taxila World Heritage Site is facing several problems resulting from various management issues and the current land use problems like almost all developing countries. It is necessary at first to identify current status and related issues for effective management and conservation of Taxila World Heritage Site. New management strategies and policies have to be determined based on these updated data. Research was conducted in March 2010 at Taxila World Heritage Site and observations were made to query about current situation and related problems. Results of research findings are considered bases for development of effective management policies and strategies for the conservation and protection of Taxila World Heritage Site. Key words: Taxila, World heritage, Protection of world heritage, Management of world heritage, UNESCO, Pakistan. Özet: Taxila Pakistan’daki altı Dünya Mirası Alanından birisidir. Hemen bütün gelişmekte olan ülkelerde olduğu gibi Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanı da çeşitli yönetim ve güncel arazi kullanımlarından kaynaklanan sorunlarla karşı karşıyadır. Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanının korunması ve etkin yönetiminin sağlanması için öncelikle mevcut durum ve sorunlarının saptanması, elde edilen bu güncel verilere dayalı olarak yeni bir yönetim stratejisi ve politikasının belirlenmesi zorunludur. Bu amaca yönelik olarak 2010 yılı Mart ayında yerinde yapılan araştırma ve gözlemlerle Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanının güncel durumu sorgulanmış ve sorunları saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulguların, Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanının korunması ve etkin yönetimi için geliştirilecek politika ve stratejilere temel oluşturucağı düşünülmektedir.
    [Show full text]
  • Recently Discovered Buddhist Paintings from Taxila (Pakistan): a Stylistic Analysis
    Ancient Pakistan, Vol. XVII – 2006 RECENTLY DISCOVERED BUDDHIST PAINTINGS FROM TAXILA (PAKISTAN): A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS Tahira Tanweer Introduction Gandhara, Taxila and Swat became important centres of the Buddhist religious and cultural activities during the last centuries of the first millennium BC and continued as such till the end of first millennium AD. During this period, as archaeological evidence from these regions supports, a large community of artisans and craftsmen were engaged in quarrying, sculpting and painting numerous stupas and extensive monastic establishments. Although a large number of sculptures and other objects have been recovered through scientific excavations or other means and owned by public or private museums world widely, yet a very few Buddhist paintings from Gandhara, Taxila and Swat have been reported so far. Recently a mural painting was found while excavating Jinna Wali Dehri, a Buddhist stupa site at Taxila (Figs. 1-4)1. The excavator of this painting, however, does not inform us about its exact provenance. Previous examples of painting from Swat2 (Figs. 5-8) and elsewhere3 and this new discovery at Taxila enable us to undertake a comprehensive study of mural painting of the Buddhist period at these areas. We intend here, however, to analyse them stylistically by comparing them with the contemporary ones from the surrounding regions and hypothetically propose an approximate date. This will also enable us to suggest developmental stages of this art. History of Painting in Surrounding Areas Buddhism at its zenith in the sub-continent found its way to other regions, and the religious precincts were not only decorated with sculpture but also with painting.
    [Show full text]
  • Visitors at Heritage Sites in Pakistan.Pdf
    Visitors at Heritage Site in Pakistan During January-December, 2015 January February March April May June Area/ attraction Foreigner National Foreigner National Foreigner National Foreigner National Foreigner National Foreigner National PAKISTAN 319 92705 378 79720 801 105763 565 93795 421 65602 216 38630 PUNJAB 245 70224 293 60819 359 81196 420 73017 263 49430 150 29578 Jhangirs Tomb, Lahore 20 5600 30 6500 50 8000 40 7600 20 5000 5 2500 Shalimar Garden, Lahore 39 34850 41 18366 58 34140 41 29435 31 24943 21 12400 Royal Fort (Shahi Qila), Lahore 100 15000 120 15350 130 15503 200 15755 70 5115 28 3172 Hiran Minar & Tank, Sheikhupura 10 8000 15 9500 20 10500 20 10000 10 6500 4 4000 Harappa, Sahiwal 34 3574 47 7903 51 8353 19 7427 12 5172 2 4506 Taxila, Rawalpindi 42 3200 40 3200 50 4700 100 2800 120 2700 90 3000 SINDH 10 11630 33 8497 375 12347 81 7049 63 5531 16 3074 Banbhore , Thatta. - 673 2 541 4 741 1 433 2 469 - 312 Makli Hill Monument, Thatta 8 3750 15 3842 250 1200 53 2142 40 2050 - 485 Moenjodaro, Larkana. - 5655 16 2511 121 9476 27 3797 18 2608 16 1392 Umerkot Fort, Tharparkar. 2 1552 - 1603 - 930 - 677 3 404 - 885 KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA. 64 10851 52 10404 67 12220 64 13729 95 10641 50 5978 Remains of Takht-i-Bhai, Mardan 12 10000 2 9800 7 11500 9 13300 8 10400 - 5100 Butkara Site Museum, Saidu Sharif, Swat 2 151 - 4 - 20 - 29 2 41 - 678 Julian Site, Haripur 50 700 50 600 60 700 55 400 85 200 50 200 BALOCHISTAN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Contd.
    [Show full text]
  • To Download UBL Branch List
    List of UBL Branches Branch S No Region Type of Branch Name Of Branch Address Telephone # Code KARACHI 1 2 RETAIL LANDHI KARACHI H-G/9-D, TRUST CERAMIC IND., LANDHI IND. AREA KARACHI (EPZ) EXPORT 021-5018697 NORTH KARACHI 2 19 RETAIL JODIA BAZAR PARA LANE, JODIA BAZAR, P.O.BOX NO.4627, KARACHI. 021-32434679 , 021-32439484 CENTRAL KARACHI 3 23 RETAIL AL-HAROON Shop No. 39/1, Ground Floor, Opposite BVS School, Sadder, Karachi 021-2727106 SOUTH KARACHI CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA BUILDING, OPP CITY COURT,MA JINNAH ROAD 4 25 RETAIL BUNDER ROAD 021-2623128 CENTRAL KARACHI. 5 47 HYDERABAD AMEEN - ISLAMIC PRINCE ALLY ROAD PRINCE ALI ROAD, P.O.BOX NO.131, HYDERABAD. 022-2633606 6 46 HYDERABAD RETAIL TANDO ADAM STATION ROAD TANDO ADAM, DISTRICT SANGHAR. 0235-574313 KARACHI 7 52 RETAIL DEFENCE GARDEN SHOP NO.29,30, 35,36 DEFENCE GARDEN PH-1 DEFENCE H.SOCIETY KARACHI 021-5888434 SOUTH 8 55 HYDERABAD RETAIL BADIN STATION ROAD, BADIN. 0297-861871 KARACHI COMMERCIAL 9 65 NAPIER ROAD KASSIM CHAMBERS, NAPIER ROAD,KARACHI. 32775993 CENTRAL CENTRE 10 66 SUKKUR RETAIL FOUJDARY ROAD KHAIRPUR FOAJDARI ROAD, P.O.BOX NO.14, KHAIRPUR MIRS. 0243-9280047 KARACHI 11 69 RETAIL NAZIMABAD FIRST CHOWRANGI, NAZIMABAD, P.O.BOX NO.2135, KARACHI. 021-6608288 CENTRAL KARACHI COMMERCIAL 12 71 SITE UBL BUILDING S.I.T.E.AREA MANGHOPIR ROAD, KARACHI 32570719 NORTH CENTRE KARACHI 13 80 RETAIL VAULT Shop No. 2, Ground Floor, Nonwhite Center Abdullah Harpoon Road, Karachi. 021-9205312 SOUTH KARACHI 14 85 RETAIL MARRIOT ROAD GILANI BUILDING, MARRIOT ROAD, P.O.BOX NO.5037, KARACHI.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxila – an Alternative Urbanisation Between the Silk Road and the Uttarāpatha (The Northern Road)
    Indian Journal of History of Science, 51.4 (2016) 644-652 DOI: 10.16943/ijhs/2016/v51/i4/41240 Taxila – An Alternative Urbanisation Between the Silk Road and the Uttarāpatha (the Northern Road) Surajit Sarkar* (Received 07 December 2015) Abstract The archaeological record shows that Taxila, the caravan city at the junction of the South Asian routes with those from Central Asia, had a series of substantative expansions in the almost thousand years of its active existence. However, the first fortifications appeared only in the latter half of its existence. This indicates a political history of the new urbanisation that is quite disctinctive and assimilative, rather than wary and confrontational. An emphasis on mobility and movement, rather than political and military relations, makes the history of urban development along the trade routes of antiquity quite dissimilar from contemporaneous Hellenic or Chinese cultures of the time located at either end of the Silk Road. Social accommodation for economic advancement seems to have been the guiding principle not only for the trading community, but their political masters as well, despite the changing of their individual kingdoms. Key words - Gandhāra, Local beliefs, Nomads, Trade, Urban Archaeology. 1. INTRODUCTION inhabitants. Apart from this, there must have “This (Taxila) was above 2000 li in curcuit, the been smaller states, chiefdoms and tribal capital being above 10 li in curcuit. The chiefs were principalities. in a state of open feud, the royal family being Taxila (Takaśilā), was the capital of the extinguished: the country had formerly been subject to Kapisa but now it was a dependency of Gandhāra mahājanapada (republic), the region of Kashmir; it had a fertile soil and bore good crops, modern Peshawar and Rawalpindi districts and the with flowing streams and luxuriant vegetation; the Kashmir valley.
    [Show full text]
  • List of TCS Center
    S# Area Center Name Phone Number Address 1 RWP MAIN EXPRESS CENTRE 3169992706 11 Kashmir Road, Saddar Rawalpindi Shop 6 Ground Floor, Al - Bilal Plaza, Main 2 RWP CHANDANI CHOWK 3169992707 Chandni Chowk, Rawalpindi TCS Regional Office, Near Fazaia Colony, 3 RWP EXPRESS CENTRE KHANNA 3169992708 Khanna Bridge, Rawalpindi EXPRESS CENTRE Shop 2, Mukhtarun-Nisa Plaza, Commercial 4 RWP 3169992709 CHAKLALA Area, Rawalpindi Shop #1 Khurshid Arcade, near United Bakery, 5 RWP PAK PWD FRANCHISE 3169992713 PWD Housing Society, Rawalpindi D.H.A PHASE - II Shop # 4 Chaudhry Plaza, near Gate # 1, Phase - 6 RWP 3169992716 FRANCHISE II, D.H.A., Rawalpindi Shop # 3 Awan Market, Golra Mor, Peshawar 7 RWP GOLRA MOR FRANCHISE 3169992717 Road, Rawalpindi Shop # CB - 2124/6, Kalma Chowk, Dhamial 8 RWP BAKRA MANDI FRANCHISE 3169992718 Road, Rawalpindi Shop # 2, Mubarik Lane, opposite Shell Petrol 9 RWP ADYALA FRANCHISE 3169992719 Pump, Adyala Road, Rawalpindi BAHRIA TOWN FRANCHISE Shop # 1, Mustansar Plaza, Street # 4, Gulrez 10 RWP 3169992721 CENTRE Commercial Market, Gulrez II, Rawalpindi LIAQAT BAGH 11 RWP 3169992722 Shop # J-256/B, Muree Road, Rawalpindi (FRANCHISE) SAIDPUR Shop # 1, Aftab Plaza, Saidpur Road, near Holy 12 RWP ROAD(FRANCHISE 3169992723 Family Stop, Rawalpindi CENTRE) PESHWAR ROAD Shop # 2, Khan Plaza, near MCB Bank, Lane # 13 RWP 3169992724 (FRANCHISE) 6, Peshawar Road, Rawalpindi 14 RWP BAHRIA PHASE 4 EC 3169992729 Main civic center, Bahria phase 4, Rawalpindi COMMERCIAL MARKET Shop # 2, Near Muhammad Arcade, Main 15 RWP 3169992732 EXPRESS
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Taxila
    QforttcU HntuErBitg iCihrarg Stifnta, ^eu) ^artt -H.-D-.- G-r IS vv<3 Id. D5 I'LA'PK I. Hi'iAij (iF J>iiL\ysr.<. siJ;KAl'. A GUIDE TO TAXILA BY Sir JOHN MARSHALL, kt., c.i.e,, m.a., Litt.D., F.S.A., Hon.A.R.I.B.A., ETC., Director General of Archeology In India CALCUTTA SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA 1918 Price Rs. 3 or 4s. 63. The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924024121125 — ;; CONTENTS Chapter fAOE I. —TOPOQEAPHY 1 Location of Taxila 4nd character of country in ancient times, 1 ; Bliij? mound, 3 Sirkap, 4 ; Babar Khana or Kaohcha Kot, 5 ; Sirsukh, 6 ; Monuments outside the cities, 6. II. History 8 Persian Empire, 8 ; Alexander the Great, 9 ; Seleuous Nicato:, 10 ; Maurya Empire, 11. Bactrian Greeks, 11 ; Scythians and Parthians, 1 2 ; Apollonius of Tyana, 14 ; Hermans and the Knshans, 16 Dep-truction by the Huns, 17 ; Hsiian Tsang, 17; Modern explorations, 18; Chronology of important events connected with Taxila, 20. III.—Abt 23 Achsemenian, 23 ; Mauryan, 24 ; Greek, Scythio and Parthian, 25 ; Gandharan, 30 ; Influence of Greek Art in India, 32. — ;; IV CONTENTS Chaptee Page IV. The Dhaemaeajxka SitrPA . .35 The main structure, 37 ; small circular stupas around the main structure, 39 Circle of small chapels, 41 ; Consecu- tive types of masonry, 42 ; Blinor anti- quities from chapels round Main Stiipa, 43 ; Stiipa Ji, -14 ; Stupa J^, 45 ; Stupas N='-", 46; Chapels N" and N", 46; Stupa N', 47 ; Buildings P and V^ 48 ; Tank, 48; Stupas K' and P', 48; Stupa K', 49 ; View of the site and the surrounding country, 49 ; Building H', 50 ; G'-s, Two pits MS 51 ; Chapels 51 ; Inscription of the year 136, 52 ; Chapel R^, 54 ; Building L, 55 ; Apsidal temple l\ 55 ; Chapels E and F\ 57.
    [Show full text]