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MEDICINE RECALL Fourth Edition LWBK607-FM.Qxd 05/10/2010 2:06 PM Page Ii Aptara LWBK607-FM.qxd 05/10/2010 2:06 PM Page i Aptara MEDICINE RECALL Fourth Edition LWBK607-FM.qxd 05/10/2010 2:06 PM Page ii Aptara RECALL SERIES EDITOR Lorne H. Blackbourne, MD Trauma, Burn, and Critical Care Surgeon San Antonio,Texas LWBK607-FM.qxd 05/10/2010 2:06 PM Page iii Aptara MEDICINE RECALL Fourth Edition EDITOR James D. Bergin, MD Professor of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville, Virginia LWBK607-FM.qxd 05/12/2010 12:46 PM Page iv Aptara Acquisitions Editor: Susan Rhyner Product Manager: Sirkka Howes Marketing Manager: Michelle Patterson Vendor Manager: Alicia Jackson Manufacturing Manager: Margie Orzech Design Coordinator: Holly Reid McLaughlin Compositor: Aptara, Inc. Copyright © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business 351 West Camden Street Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Philadelphia, PA 19103 All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner. The publisher is not responsible (as a matter of product liability, negligence, or otherwise) for any injury resulting from any material contained herein. This publication contains information relat- ing to general principles of medical care that should not be construed as specific instructions for indi- vidual patients. Manufacturers’ product information and package inserts should be reviewed for current information, including contraindications, dosages, and precautions. Printed in China First Edition, 1999 Second Edition, 2003 Third Edition, 2008 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Medicine recall / editor, James D. Bergin.—4th ed. p. ; cm.— (Recall series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60547-675-9 (alk. paper) 1. Internal medicine—Examinations, questions, etc. 2. Internal medicine—Outlines, syllabi, etc. I. Bergin, James D. II. Series: Recall series. [DNLM: 1. Medicine—Examination Questions. WB 18.2 M4895 2011] RC58.M48 2011 616—dc22 2010011866 The publishers have made every effort to trace the copyright holders for borrowed material. If they have inadvertently overlooked any, they will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320. International customers should call (301) 223-2300. Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: http://www.LWW.com. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from 8:30 am to 6:00 pm, EST. LWBK607-FM.qxd 05/10/2010 2:06 PM Page v Aptara Dedication This book is dedicated to my wife and children, who endured the countless hours I spent with a laptop in front of me. LWBK607-FM.qxd 05/10/2010 2:06 PM Page vi Aptara Contributors ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY Jonathan Posthumus, MD Thomas Platts-Mills, MD, PhD Resident, Department of Medicine Professor of Medicine Scott Commins, MD, PhD Fellow, Division of Allergy and Immunology CARDIOLOGY Melissa May James D. Bergin, MD MS4, Class of 2009 Professor of Medicine Rohit Malhotra, MD Fellow, Division of Cardiology ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM David Lieb, MD Alan Dalkin, MD Fellow, Division of Endocrinology Professor of Medicine GASTROENTEROLOGY,HEPATOLOGY, AND NUTRITION Ben Bradenham Vanessa Shami, MD MS3, Class of 2010 Associate Professor of Medicine Neeral Shah, MD Fellow, Division of Gastroenterolgy HEMATOLOGY Laura Adang, PhD Gail Macik, MD MS4, Class of 2009 Associate Professor of Medicine and Pathology George Kannarkat, MD Fellow, Division of Hematology and Oncology INFECTIOUS DISEASE Christopher M. Moore Brian Wispelwey, MS, MD Fellow, Division of Infectious Professor of Medicine Diseases vi LWBK607-FM.qxd 05/10/2010 2:06 PM Page vii Aptara Contributors vii NEPHROLOGY Kristel Jernigan, MD Mitch Rosner, MD Fellow, Division of Nephrology Associate Professor of Medicine ONCOLOGY Brandon Kremer, PhD Christiana Brenin, MD MS4, Class of 2009 Assistant Professor of Medicine Thomas Harris, MD Fellow, Division of Hematology and Oncology PULMONOLOGY Michael Morgan Ajeet Vinayak, MD MS4, Class of 2009 Assistant Professor of Medicine Kyle Enfield, MD Fellow, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care RHEUMATOLOGY Janet Lewis, MD Associate Professor of Medicine NEUROLOGY Andy Southerland Barnett R. Nathan, MD MS4, Class of 2010 Associate Professor of Neurology Nathan B. Fountain, MD Associate Professor of Neurology PHARMACOLOGY Nathan Powell, PharmD Barbara S. Wiggins, PharmD, FAHA, FCCP LWBK607-FM.qxd 05/10/2010 2:06 PM Page viii Aptara Preface This is now the fourth edition of Medicine Recall. This series now contains Medicine Recall and Advanced Medicine Recall. This series was inspired and based on the format of Surgical Recall. Our challenge in the fourth edition was to update the book to keep pace with the ever-changing field of medicine and to once again be responsive to the valuable feedback by the readers and reviewers. In addition to the update, the goal was for this book to remain portable and therefore, hopefully, useful to the third- and fourth-year medical students. The author teams for this edition of Medicine Recall were again, in most cases, a medical student, a resident and/or fellow, and an attending for each subspecialty with the idea of framing questions as those posed on rounds. All the sections have been updated and there were continued efforts to shorten the questions and answers as possible. Most sections have been updated with a landmark trial section, again the type discussed on rounds, and new ECGs have been added. Our hope is that we have once again provided a high-quality product that you will find useful and be able to recommend without reservation to your friends and colleagues. I hope that you find this a useful addition to your library. James D. Bergin viii LWBK607-FM.qxd 05/10/2010 2:06 PM Page ix Aptara Acknowledgments I acknowledge the hard work of all the authors who contributed to this book. ix LWBK607-FM.qxd 05/10/2010 2:06 PM Page x Aptara Contents Contributors . vi Preface . viii Acknowledgments . ix Abbreviations . xv SECTION I OVERVIEW 1. Introduction . 1 Presenting on Rounds . 1 Pearls . 3 SECTION II THE SPECIALTIES 2. Allergy and Immunology . 5 History and Physical Examination . 5 Definitions . 6 Basic Immunology . 7 Immunodeficiency . 15 HIV . 19 Autoimmunity . 20 Anaphylaxis . 22 Urticaria and Angioedema . 24 Drug Allergies . 27 Atopic Dermatitis . 30 Contact Hypersensitivity . 31 Rhinitis and Sinusitis . 32 Asthma . 34 Gastroenterology . 35 Transplantation Immunology . 36 3. Cardiology . 39 Definitions . 39 ICU Formulas . 40 Determination of CO . 41 History and Physical Examination . 42 Cardiovascular Procedures . 51 Coronary Artery Disease . 85 Arrhythmias . 97 Valvular Heart Disease . 105 Cardiomyopathies . 119 x LWBK607-FM.qxd 05/10/2010 2:06 PM Page xi Aptara Contents xi Pericardial Disease . 125 Central and Peripheral Vascular Disease . 129 Congenital Heart Disease . 135 Neoplasms . 137 4. Endocrinology . 144 Anterior Pituitary Gland . 144 Posterior Pituitary Gland . 147 Hypopituitarism . 149 Adrenal Gland . 150 Thyroid Gland . 156 Bone and Mineral Disorders . 162 Reproductive Endocrinology . 167 Diabetes Mellitus . 171 Major Trials in Endocrinology . 181 5. Gastroenterology . 182 History and Physical Examination . 182 Nutrition . 183 GI Bleeding . 192 Esophagus . 203 Stomach . 213 Small and Large Intestine . 225 Hereditary Polyposis Syndromes . 264 Pancreas . 268 Liver and Biliary Tract . 279 Trials . 343 6. Hematology . 345 Red Blood Cells . 345 Anemias . 347 Erythrocytosis . 358 Pancytopenia . 359 Aplastic Anemia . 360 Leukocytes . 360 Lymphocytosis . ..
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