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O 0 3 1 RMO , ~ 111111111111~~11~M,N@1R1~11Im1rn 111 11111 'L - ' 1031 1 08 0005754570 C.2 Energy 1 O 0 3 1 RMO , ~ 111111111111~~11~m,n@1r1~11im1rn 111 11111 'l - ' 1031 1 08 0005754570 c.2 RM0-1031 INTERIM REPORT ON THE ORE DEPOSITS OF THE GRANTS DISTRICT, NEW MEXICO By Irving Rapaport November 1952 [ Site Issuance Date] Division of Raw Materials, AEC 11 Tuhn;,al Inf a,mat;on Suv;<e, Oak R;dgo, hnno·un Subject Category, GEOLOGY AND MI:NERALOGY. Issuance of this document does not constitute authority for declassification of classified material of the same or similar content and title by the same author. This report has been reproduced with minimum alteration directly from manuscript provided the Technical Information Service in an effort to expedite availability of the informa­ tion contained herein. The United States At;omic Energy Commission makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy or complete­ ness of the information herein and makes no recommendation concerning it. Reproduction of this information is encouraged by the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Arrangements for your republication of this document in whole or in i:nrt should be made with the author and the organization he represents. Printed in USA, Price 25 cents. Available from the Office of Technical Services, Department of Commerce, Wash­ ington 25, D. C. AEC, Oak Ridge, Tenn.-W30305 Reprinted - AEC, Oak Ridge, Tenn.-W25264 INTERIM REPCET ON THE ORE DEPOSITS OF THE GRANTS DISTRICT, NEW MEXICO Table or Contents Abstract •• • • • • • • ••••• • • • • • • • •• • •• 4 Introduction. • • • • • • ••••• • • • • • ••• • • • 6 Location and regional extent or the deposits. • • • • • • 7 History or development •••••••••••• • •••• • 7 Mineralogy: Uranium minerals in limestone •• • • • • • • ••• 9 Gangue minerals in limestone •• • • • • • • • • • 10 Uranium minerals in sandstone •• • • • •••••• 12 Guides to ore: Structural controls in limestone: Primary(?) structures. • • • • • • • • • • • 13 Secondary structures.. • • • • • • • • • • • 16 Structural controls in sandstone. • • • • • • • • 17 Stratigraphic controls, Todilto and Morrison • • • 18 Ore genesis. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19 AR 2 ~ \955. - 3 - RM0-1031 U": UB {( ··'...).· -:"'ART. INTERIM REPORT 00 THE ORE DEPOSITS OF THE GRANTS DISTRICT, NEW MEXICO ABSTRACT The Grants uranium district is situated in northwest New Mexico, along the southern flank of the San Juan Basin, between the cities of Gallup and Albuquerque. The region is composed of three major struc­ tural elements: (1) the Zuni Uplift, which covers an area or 2000 square miles; (2) the McCarty Syncline of mdetermined extent; (3) the Lucero Uplift which covers an area ot 1.500 square miles. Uranium mineralization appears to be confined chiefly to Jurassic rocks~ Although uraniwn may also be in the McCarty Syncline, none has been found, probably because the Jurassic rocks are concealed by a thick mantle of Cretaceous sediments and Tertiary extrusives. Known miner­ alization is restricted to two general horizons: (1} the Todilto lime­ stone and basal SU11111erville; (2) the Morrison and basal Dakota formations. These two zones P... e separated by .500 to 800 feet of barren sedimentary­ rock. Mineralization in the Todilto limestone is known to extend in an east-west direction over a distance or 60 miles. Deposits in the upper, sandstone horizon have been discovered c,ver a linear extent of 85 miles 1n the amae direction. Uranium minerals or the ore deposits in the Todilto limestone include carnotite, t;ruyamunite, uranophane, beta-uranotile, sklodowskite, and pitchblende. Oangue minerals, in traces, consist of barite, pyrite, hElllB.tite, and fluorite. Coarsely-crystalline c.~te, as replacements along bedding planes and as fillings in fractures developed by Zuni Uplift, also appears to be associated in space with ore. Carnotite and scbroeckingerite have been identified in the Morrison formation where they are associated with organic material and l.iaonite. The sequence of geologic events which has determined the present form and position of the ore deposits is believed to be: 1. Precipitation of the Todilto limestone in a lacustrine basin. 2. Diagenetic recrystallization of the upper lillestone, possibly contemporaneously with the introduction of uranium. J. Deformation, which created the Zuni Uplift, with attendant fracturing, faulting, and local flexure. 4. Formation of coarse-grained, black, calcite veinlets along bedding planes and fractures. 5. Vein filling by coarsel)" crystalline, white calcite. 6. Replacement or coarsely crystalline calcite by barite, pyrite, and fluorite. RK>-1031 - 4 - 7. Permeation of uranium-bearing solutions ( which may have been intro­ duced at this time from remote magmatic sources) through the Todilto limestone, localization of pitchblende on minor flexures, and the partial replacement of all previous minerals, including elastic quartz, by pitchblende. 8. Oxidation of pyrite to hematite, pitchblende to yellow uranium minerals, and the leaching and downward precipitation of uranium along joints. Guides to ore in the Todilto formation include: 1. Minor folds, which originally were considered to be primary structures, but are now thought to be secondary structures created by slippage between competent beds during the period of Zuni deformation. 2. A recrystallization of the limestone by Tertiary hydrothennal waters. The recrystallization of the original limestone appears to be more intense, particularly in the crinkly member, in proximity to ore. J. Traces of barite and moderate amounts of disseminated hematite form halos about some orebodies in the limestone. Guides to ore in the Morrison formation include: (1) channels, (2) diastems, (3) areas of interfingering facies, (4) presence of organic material. Uranium deposits in Todilto limestone, so far as they are now known, form a belt of mineralization which is ranarkably parallel to the strand.­ line of the old Todilto basin. The apparent mineral belt transects major regional structure. The ore deposits of the Morrison formation d.ispl~ a similar lineation. A study of the structure, stratigraphy, and uranium mineralization in the Grants District has yielded the following conclusions regarding the genesis of the ore: 1. Present form and mineralogic character of the uran1um deposits of the Grants District resulted from the percolation of magmatic waters which transported uranium, iron, sulfur, barium, and nuorine ions in solution. Uraniun. ma:y originally have been introduced into the sediments during the Jurassic, or it may have been derived directly fran Tertiar;r magmatic sources. 2. Apparent ore controls are minor primary and secondary structures • .3. Todilto•s lithologic character, which was determined chiefly by sedimentary processes, exerted a strong control upon ore deposition. This control is less pronounced in the uranium deposits in sandstone. -' - RM0-1.031. 4. Temperature of the magmatic solutions was low, and percolation through the sediments over a large region was essentially lateral. These conditions imply that the metal-bearing solutions were formed by the commingling of magmatic and ground waters. In the search for ore, these Tertiary hydrothermal solutions may be best regarded as chemically active, slightly heated ground water. 5. Uranium has been dissolved and reprecipitated by recent meteoric waters. However, this process has not been sufficiently active to reconcentrate uranium in topographic traps or Tertiary structures. 6. The pre-Cambrian core of the Zuni Uplift is intensely silicified, locally, by hydrothermal action; patches of hydrothermally altered Pemian San Andreas limestone contain traces of Tein quartz; the Todilto and Morrison format1~ns exhibit no vein quartz. It may be that hydrothermal solutions became progressively poorer in silica as they ascended~ INTRODUCTION An initial reconnaissance was conducted for the Atomic Energy Commission by Mr. Herbert v. Lee in November, 1950. Mr. Millard Reyner and Mr. Jack Sheridan of the Commission spent two weeks in the area during the same month preparing a detailed description of the known deposits. A sub-office of the Denver Exploration Branch of the Commission was es­ tablished at Prewitt, New Mexico, in January, 1950, to study the geology and promote the development of the Grants District. The smaller companies have been handicapped by lack of a market, but the establishment of a buying station by the Anaconda Copper Mining Compaey in the Spring of 19 52, under contract to the Commission, is expected to instigate a surge of development. At the beginning of the investigation on which this report is based, little was known of the extent and character of the ore-bearing formations and no adequate geologic maps of the Zuni Uplift were available. The Atomic !hergy Commission therefore decided to undertake the geologic mapping and complementary detailed stratigraphic study of the ore-bearing region and its environs. The results of this study" were incorporated in a report, "The Jurassic Rocks of the Zuni Uplift"•* The present report could not have been prepared without the complete, wholehearted cooperation of the Santa Fe Railway Company, The Anaconda Copper Mining Company, and the smaller companies and individuals at work * A.E.C., RM0-642, accessible in all branch offices, and depository libraries. Rm-1031 - 6 - in the Grants district. The contributions and guidance ot Dr. 11u.ter H. Bucher, Mr. Arthur K. Gilkey, Dr. John w. Gruner, Mr. Ira B. Joraleaon, Dr. George w. Bain, Dr. L.A. School, Dr. t. G. Weeks, Dr. P. F. Ierr, Mr. W. B. HoOTer., Di-. R.
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