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25 Years in Review of the Beijing Platform for Action

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25 Years in Review of the Beijing Platform for Action Prepared by the UNN SpecialSpecial RapporteurRapporteur onon violenceviolence againstagainst women,women, itsits causescause and consequences, wwithith tthehe OOfficeffice ooff tthehe HHighigh CCommissionerommissioner fforor HHumanuman RRightsigh 25 YEARS IN REVIEW OF THE BEIJING PLATFORM FOR ACTION Contributions of the Platform of independent expert mechanisms on the elimination of discrimination and violence against women (EDVAW Platform) towards its implementation UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences (SRVAW) CEDAW UN Committee on the Inter-American Commission on Elimination of Human Rights Rapporteur on the Discrimination against Rights of Women (IA-RWHR) Women (CEDAW) UN Working Group on discrimination against women and girls African Commission on Human (WGDAW) and Peoples’ Rights Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Women in Africa (A-SRWHR) Committee of Experts of the Follow-up Group of Experts on Action Mechanism to the Belém against Violence against do Pará Convention (MESECVI) Women and Domestic Violence (GREVIO) Available online at: ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Women/SR/Booklet_BPA.pdf Table of Contents I. Introduction: The formation of a dynamic relationship......................1 II. Efforts to establish a Platform of independent expert mechanisms on the elimination of discrimination and violence against women (EDVAW Platform) ……………………………………………………..………..4 III. Contributions by independent expert mechanisms on the implementation of the BPA....................................................................8 A. UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women (SRVAW)…….……...…………………………….……………..........8 B. UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) ..............................................................................13 C. UN Working Group on discrimination against women and girls (WGDAW)...........................................................................................18 D. Committee of Experts of the Follow-up Mechanism to the Belém do Pará Convention (MESECVI)………………………… ……….....22 E. Group of Experts on Action against Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (GREVIO)………………………………...…….29 F. African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Women in Africa (A-SRWHR)……...….34 G. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Rapporteur on the Rights of Women (IA-RWHR) ……………………………………....39 IV. Conclusion………………………………………………..............43 Introduction: the formation of a dynamic relationship At the time of the Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in 1995, only the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW, adopted in 1979 as a legally binding instrument) and the UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women (DEVAW, of 1993) provided a global legal gender framework that was used for and is reflected in the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. At the regional level, the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará) had been adopted in 1994. Only two UN and one regional independent expert monitoring mechanisms on women’s human rights were in place. The first was the UN CEDAW Committee, established to monitor the implementation of the CEDAW Convention,. The Committee commenced its activities in 1982, and by the time the Beijing Conference took place, it had already adopted its General Recommendation No. 19 on violence against women, in 1992. The mandate of the UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences (SRVAW) had just been created, in 1994, as the first expert mechanism at the UN level to specifically recommend measures on the elimination of violence against women, its causes and consequences. In the same year, 1994, the first regional expert mechanism was created, as the Inter-American Commission established the mandate of the Rapporteurship on the Rights of Women (IA-RWHR). The adoption of the Beijing Declaration and the Platform for Action in 1995 was an important step in developing a comprehensive international policy framework on women's human rights. The Beijing Platform for Action included 12 critical areas of concern including women’s human rights and violence against women. The Beijing Platform for Action entrusted the CEDAW Committee with monitoring its implementation by explicitly calling upon all States to report to it. 1 The Beijing Platform for Action also urged States to “cooperate with and assist the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights on violence against women in the performance of her mandate and furnish all information requested” and to “renew the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women when her term ends in 1997 and, if warranted, to update and strengthen it.” Since the Beijing Conference, the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and the Platform for Action have been assessed by the UN Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) each year and through a review process carried out every five years, reaffirming States’ commitment to its full implementation. In the time since the Conference, the international framework on women’s human rights was strengthened by the adoption of the Optional Protocol to the CEDAW Convention, which established complaint and inquiry mechanisms. The Protocol was adopted in 1999 and entered into force in December 2000. The adoption of the UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (SCR1325) on Women, Peace and Security, in October 2000, and its subsequent resolutions provided an additional important framework on women, peace and security related to conflict situations. Another important step was the establishment of another UN expert mechanism dedicated to women’s rights, namely the United Nations Working Group on discrimination against women and girls (WGDAW), set up by the UN Human Rights Council in 2010. The new global development agenda, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, integrated the achievement of gender equality and the Seven independent empowerment of all women and girls as standalone Goal No 5, and for the expert mechanisms: first time, in its targets 5.1 and 5.2, focus was placed on the elimination of all SRVAW; CEDAW; forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls in the public WGDAW; MESECVI; and private spheres. GREVIO; A SRWHR; IA RWHR At the regional level, the Committee of Experts of the Follow-up Mechanism to the Belém do Pará Convention was established in 2004. The mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Women in Africa was established in 1998, while in 2011 the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol) was adopted. In 2011, the Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (the Istanbul Convention) was adopted, while its Group of Experts on Action against 2 Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (GREVIO) held its first session in 2015. As of 2020, there are seven UN and regional independent women’s human rights expert mechanisms mandated to address discrimination and gender based violence against women and girls: A. UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women (SRVAW) B. UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) C. UN Working Group on discrimination against women and girls (WGDAW) D. Committee of Experts of the Follow-up Mechanism to the Belém do Pará Convention (MESECVI) E. Group of Experts on Action against Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (GREVIO) F. African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Women in Africa (A SRWHR) G. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Rapporteur on the Rights of Women (IA RWHR) These independent expert mechanisms are entrusted with monitoring and supporting the implementation of States’ commitments under the global and regional women's human rights frameworks, including the Beijing Platform of Action, the 2030 Agenda, and UN and regional instruments on women’s rights. These mechanisms support and complement each other in these efforts for implementation through a dynamic and complex relationship. Prepared by the UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, Dubravka Šimonović; with the support of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 3 II. Efforts to establish the Platform of independent expert mechanisms on discrimination and violence and against women (EDVAW Platform) The Special Rapporteur on violence against women, Dubravka Šimonović, in her first vision setting report to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/32/42 and Corr.1) in 2016, on the future role of the mandate, detected fragmentation of and disconnection between the implementation of global agendas and instruments. She identified these as obstacles to accelerating the implementation of the human rights framework on discrimination and violence against women, and called for stronger cooperation between independent UN and regional mechanisms dealing with women’s rights, discrimination and violence against women. The Platform has brought In an effort to reduce this disconnect, the Special Rapporteur has lead an together independent expert initiative to convene all the seven UN and regional independent expert mechanisms on mechanisms on the elimination of discrimination and violence against discrimination and violence women with the objective of amplifying
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