THETHE NEWNEW JERSEYJERSEY TOXICSTOXICS REDUCTIONREDUCTION WORKPLANWORKPLAN FORFOR NYNY--NJNJ HARBORHARBOR

Joel A. Pecchioli Division of Science, Research & Technology Department of Environmental Protection Trenton, NJ (609) 633-2200 [email protected] NJ TOXICS REDUCTION WORKPLAN TEAM

$9.5 million in funding from the Port Authority of NY-NJ via New Jersey Maritime Resources (NJDOT)

NJ Department of Environmental Protection Stevens Institute of Technology Center for Environmental Engineering Joel Pecchioli, Project Manager George P. Korfiatis Ph.D., P. I Floyd Genicola, Quality Assurance Richard I. Hires Ph.D., Co-P.I. Gary A. Buchanan, Ph.D., Toxicologist Nadia Dimou Ph.D., Co-Investigator NJ Office of Maritime Resources, Tsan-Liang Su Ph.D., Co-Investigator NJ Department of Transportation

Davidson Laboratory Scott Douglas, Project Monitor Michael Bruno Ph.D., Principal Investigator US Geological Survey - NJ Kelly L. Rankin, Ph.D., Co-PI Thomas O. Herrington, Ph.D., Co-PI Timothy P. Wilson, Ph.D., P.I. Jennifer L. Bonin, Co-Investigator Rutgers University Great Lakes Environmental Center on behalf of Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences The New Jersey Harbor Dischargers Group Scott Glenn, Ph.D., Co-PI G. M. DeGraeve, Ph.D., P.I. Robert Chant, Ph.D., Co-PI Richard Styles, Ph.D., Co-PI GOAL & OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKPLAN GOAL To understand the sources, transport, and fate of sediments and toxic contaminants in NY-NJ Harbor.

OBJECTIVES

Î To quantify the levels and loadings of the contaminants of concern in -New Jersey Harbor estuary. [NJTRWP Phase One & CARP]

Î To identify and track down significant sources of these contaminants. [NJTRWP Phases 2, 3 & 4 + NJTRWP Implementation Plan] COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS OFOF THETHE NJTRWPNJTRWP

™ Workplan and Sampling Methodology Development (1997-2000)

™ PHASE ONE (June 2000 - April 2004): • hydrodynamic surveys • ambient surface water quality sampling • POTW, CSO, and SWO sampling

™ PHASE TWO: focused sampling of selected Phase I areas (2002-2004) • Minor Tributaries • Elizabeth River Minor Tributaries • Hackensack River Hg

™ PHASE THREE: trackdown activities other point and non-point sources, sediments

™ PHASE FOUR: CARP modeling activities

™ NJTRWP Implementation Plan (2008) NJTRWP Posters

1) Overview of the Ambient Water Sampling Program

2) Distribution of PCBs, PCDD/Fs, Pesticides, & PAHs

3) Distribution of Cd, Pb, Hg, and methyl-Hg

4) Sediment and Contaminant Loads From the Major River Basins to Newark and Raritan Bays

5) Collection and Analysis of NJ POTW Effluents for Trace Contaminants

6) Overview of the CSO & Stormwater Results for NJ

7) Hydrodynamics Governing Contaminant Transport in the Newark Bay Complex NJTRWP Project Reports www.state.nj.us/dep/dsr/njtrwp/

CARP Database

NJTRWP Analytical Data & Metadata Associated Blanks File “How to Use NJTRWP Data” Hydrodynamic Surveys

Rutgers & Stevens Institute of Technology HYDRODYNAMIC DATA Hydrodynamic Study Locations

Mooring Locations New Jersey an t at h n Tide Gauges a Newark M Bay

Arthur Kill

Moorings: Kill van Kull ADP’s, C-T, Pressure, OBS Transects LISST

Perth Amboy NJTRWPNJTRWP HydrodynamicsHydrodynamics -- MajorMajor FindingsFindings

™ Circulation in the Newark Bay Complex • Responds to multiple influences in a complex event-driven manner • Identification of long-term average pattern is difficult

™ Classical gravitational circulation can be broken down • Low discharges from Passaic River • Persistent winds can produce “flow-through” flushing events

™ Net annual sediment flux of 100,000 metric tons from Upper NY Bay through KVK into Newark Bay Phase I Ambient Water Quality Sampling

USGS & Stevens Institute of Technology Head-of-Tide, Tributary and Estuary Water Quality Sampling Locations PHASE I AMBIENT SAMPLING METHODS

™ Synoptic water quality samples and hydrodynamic surveys

™ Dry and wet weather events

™ Sample during outgoing tides

™ Grab Samples: Metals & PAHs (Dissolved)

™ 4-Hour Large Volume Composite TOPS Samples – PAHs & Dioxins/Furans (Sediment) – PCBs & Pesticides (Dissolved & Sediment) Rahway River

TOPS Intake Buoy

TOPS Intake Line Head-of-tide Sampling – Major Findings

™ Contaminant Loads at tributary heads-of-tide quantified: • Largest loads from the Passaic and Raritan Rivers • Elizabeth River loads may be locally important

™ NJ WQC Exceedances – All tributaries: • 2,3,7,8-TCDD: Passaic R., Elizabeth R. (?), Raritan R. (?) • Total PCBs • DDTs - all tributaries except Hackensack River • Chlordane • Dieldrin • Benzo(a)pyrene NJ Tributaries Average Annual (1975-2000) Flow and Loads of Total Hg and Total PCBs

100% Hackensack

Elizabeth 90% Rahway

Passaic 80% Raritan

70%

60%

50%

40% % of Tributary Totals Tributary % of

30%

20%

10%

0% Flow ( Mgal) Total Hg (g) Total PCBs (g) Tributary & Estuary Sampling – Major Findings

™ Large variability in contaminant concentrations • Few consistent wet/dry patterns in concentrations • Mean values are of limited use • Dilution effect on SS/POC-normalized concentrations during some storms

™ NJ WQC Exceedances – All rivers/estuarine areas: • 2,3,7,8-TCDD • Total PCBs • Pesticides – DDTs, Chlordanes, Dieldrin • Benzo(a)pyrene - all rivers except • Total Hg - Passaic, Hackensack, and Rahway Rivers NJTRWP Passaic River-Newark Bay Complex Mean Conductivity

40000 Dec 2000 - Flow = 5 March 2001 - Flow =6#

35000 Oct 2001 - Flow = B March 2002 - Flow = B 30000 Baseflow [

25000

20000 Storm [

15000 Conductivity (uS/cm)

10000

5000

0 PAS3 PAS2 PAS1 NB1-S NB1-D NB3 HAC1 HAC2 HAC3 Sampling Location NJTRWP Passaic River-Newark Bay Complex Total PCDD/Fs - OCDD

7000 Dec 2000 - Flow = 5 March 2001 - Flow =6# Corr with SS & POC r = - 0.16 Oct 2001 - Flow = B 6000 March 2002 - Flow = B

5000

4000

3000

2000 Total PCDD/F-OCDD (pg/g sed) Total PCDD/F-OCDD

1000 “Dilution Effect”?

0 PASHOT PAS3 PAS2 PAS1 NB1-S NB1-D NB3 HAC1 HAC2 HAC3 HACHOT Sampling Location Tributary & Estuary Sampling – Major Findings

™ Most contaminated waterbodies: • Hackensack River – Hg • Passaic River – 2,3,7,8-TCDD (and total PCDD/F TEQ) • Elizabeth River – total PCBs (and potentially PAHs) • Rahway River – total PCBs, DDTs, chlordanes, dieldrin

™ Appear to be five “source areas” for PCDD/Fs, including • Passaic River-Newark Bay Complex • Elizabeth River and Rahway River

™ Large % of many contaminants associated with SS – but some contaminants mostly dissolved NJTRWP Overall Mean SS- and Dissolved Total PCBs

Overall Mean Diss Total PCBs 90 Overall Mean SS Total PCBs

80

70

60

50 NJ Aquatic Chronic WQC = 30 ng/L

40

PCB Concentration (ng/L) PCB Concentration 30 NJ Human Health WQC = 0.064 ng/L

20

10

S -D -D A-S A 0 -S -D R2 1 NB3 K1- K1 P P KVK1 IZ A A 3 2 C3 EL HWY RA NB1-S NB T AC2 YHOT R RAR1 AS1 HA H HAC1 HO PAS PAS P CHOT RARHOT ELIZHOT HW AS HA R P

Sampling Location NJTRWP All Stations Total Chlordanes

20 Overall Mean Overall Median

18

16

14

12

10

8 WQC Aquatic Chronic Chlordanes = 4.0 ng/L

Total ChlordanesTotal (ng/L) WQC Human Health Chlordanes = 0.11 ng/L 6

4

2

D 0 -D -S K1 B3 1-S T N PA PA- KV O OT WY R1-S B1-S B1-D AK AK1 T S1 ELIZ H RAR2 N N O H HAC3 HAC2 HAC1 IZ RH RA H PAS3 PAS2 PA WY RARHOT EL H HACHOT PAS R

Sampling Location POTW, CSO, & SWO SAMPLING ™POTWs: 24-Hour 20-liter Composite Samples • 6 large (industrial) POTWS sampled 4X • 6 small (residential) POTWs sampled 2X

™CSOs & SWOs: 20-liter “Grab” Samples • 5 SWOs sampled 3X • 9 CSOs sampled 1-3X

GLEC & PVSC NewNew JerseyJersey POTWPOTW && CSO/SWOCSO/SWO SamplingSampling LocationsLocations

Larger/Industrial POTWs Smaller/residential POTWs CSO & SWO Locations POTWs, CSOs, & SWOs – Major Findings

• POTWs – concentrations and loads of contaminants generally low compared to other sources – little difference between large & small POTWs – mean PAH, PCDD/F, Hg, Cd, and Pb concentrations were much lower than in CSOs/SWOs – PCB11 ~70% of total PCBs at PVSC

• CSO concentrations and loads of contaminants tend to be lower compared to SWOs

• 2,3,7,8-TCDD rarely found in POTW, CSO, and SWO discharges NJTRWP Large and Small POTW, CSO, and SWO Mean Concentrations

300 Mean SS (mg/L)

Total PCB Mean (ng/L)

Total PCDD/F Mean (pg/L div 10)

250 Total Hg Mean (ng/L)

200

150

Concentration (see legend) (see Concentration 100

50

0 Large POTW Small POTW CSO SWO NJTRWP Ambient Phase II Studies

™ Elizabeth River Head-of-Tide tributaries

™ Passaic and Pompton Rivers above Little Falls

™ Saddle, Second, and Third Rivers (tidal Passaic River)

™ Hackensack River (Hg) NJTRWP Implementation Plan • Data Analyses – Integrate NJTRWP and NYSDEC-CARP Data – Evaluate CARP Model Projections – Consider Sediment and Biota Data – Literature Search/Historical Data

• Contaminant Technical Appendices – Comprehensive picture of contaminant distribution – Inform TMDL development process

• Summary/Overview Report – Identify areas with significant contamination problems – Recommend source trackdown & pollution prevention actions – Data gaps & additional study Any Questions?