MAIN FOR ASSAM
LIVESTOCK POPULATION
6.1.0 As per Livestock Census the total livestock population in Assam was 113.18 lakh in 1998, which increased to 129.23 lakh in 1994 and further to 134.67 lakh in 1997. Amongst the livestock population of the State, Cattle population constituted the largest group numbering 80.30 lakh during 1997 followed by Goat population 26.77 lakh, Pigs 10.82 lakh and Buffaloes 7.28. The Livestock Census, 1997 has shown a positive growth in the population of species like Cattle (3.2 per cent), Buffaloes (11.7 per cent), Goats (1.2 per cent) and Pigs (30.7 per cent) over the population of previous census, whereas the population of Horses and Ponies has shown a negative growth (14.3 per cent) over the same period. Table 6.1 exhibits the species-wise livestock population in Assam as per Livestock Census, 1988, 1994 and 1997.
TABLE ± 6.1 LIVESTOCK POPULATION IN ASSAM (In thousand heads)
Livestock Species Livestock Census 1988 1994 1997 1. Cattle 7278 7777 8030 2. Buffaloes 623 652 728 3. Goats 21135 2645 2677 4. Pigs 642 828 1082 5. Sheep 67 77 84 6. Horses and Ponies 13 14 12 7. Other Livestock 560 930 854 Total 11318 12923 13467
Source: Report on Livestock Censuses, Assam, 1998, 1994 and 1997
POULTRY POPULATION:
6.1.1 The Livestock Census 1997 revealed a significant increase (29.03 per cent) in the Poultry population of the State over that of 1994 Census. During the year 1997, the State had 179.80 lakh poultry population as against 139.34 lakh in 1994. The category-wise population of these species during 1997 were Fowls 129.31 lakh and Ducks 50.49 lakh.
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS:
6.2.0 The Livestock population of Assam mainly belong to the indigenous non-descript type for which the average productivity of livestock in Assam is poor in comparison to the position in other States of India. As per data made available by the State Directorate of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary the production of milk in Assam in 2002-2003 was estimated at 773 million litres as against 750 million litres in 2001-2002 indicating a nominal increase of 3.06 per cent over the previous year. Again the production of egg in 2002-2003 has been estimated at 509 million Nos. as against 507 million Nos. in the preceding year. In case of meat, the production during 2002-2003 was 20.94 thousand tonnes as against 19.48 thousand tonnes in 2001-2002. The table 6.2 shows the trend of livestock production in the State during the year 2000-2001, 2001-2002 and 2002-2003.
TABLE ± 6.2 PRODUCTION OF MILK, EGG AND MEAT IN ASSAM
Item 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002- 2003 1. Milk (million litres) 737 750 773 2. Egg (million nos.) 505 507 509 3. Meat (thousand 17.1 19.5 20.9 tonnes)
Source: Directorate of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Department, Assam
It has however been observed from the production data that the quantum of per capita availability of milk, egg and meat per month in Assam is very negligible, as the same has been worked out at 2.4 litres of milk, 1.5 nos. of eggs and 6.5 gm meat only.
Development Programmes:
6.3.0 The State Government has undertaken some schemes for development of Livestock, Poultry, Piggery etc. The main objectives of the schemes are Rapid Socio-Economic Development, creation of gainful employment in rural areas etc. The leading schemes continued to be implemented by the Department are as follows: -
(i) Intensive Cattle Development Project (ICDP):
It is a Livestock development scheme in the field of Artificial Insemination of Cattle. There are 11 Nos. of ICDP Centre in the State and at present, the activities of most of the centres are entrusted to the Assam Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Services Project (ARIASP).
(ii) Co-ordinated Cattle Breeding Project:
The main objective of this scheme is to identify crossbreed bulls of high genetic merit and transmitting ability of milk for future breeding programme of the State.
(iii) Bovine Contagious Pneumonia Scheme (BCPP):
It is a centrally sponsored scheme meant to strengthen the working ability of bullocks and milk productivity of cows. (iv) National Project on Rinderpest Eradication (NPRE):
It is centrally sponsored scheme for eradication of Rinderpest which is a contagious viral disease of four footed animal and eradication of contagious Bovine Pleure Pneumonia, a bacterial disease of Cattle.
(v) Piggery Development:
The Government has taken steps for upgradation of local through Pig Breeding Farms for Piggery development.
(vi) Poultry Development:
The scheme is meant for Development of Poultry Sector. There are 23 Nos. of Poultry Farms in the State with a good numbers of Marketing Centres.
Apart from the above schemes there were some other Livestock and development programmes, which includes Frozen Semen Bank Stockman Centre, Key Village Centre, Livestock Farm, Veterinary Hospital and Dispensaries. As per information available for 2001-2002, there are 26 (Twenty Six) numbers of Regional Artificial Insemination Centres (RAI), 7 (Seven), numbers of Frozen Semen Banks, 3 (Three) numbers of Frozen Semen Storage Depot, 11 (Eleven) numbers of Liquid Nitrogen Plant, 10 (Ten) numbers of Key Village Centres and 1 (One) number of Coordinated Cattle Breeding Project.
Further, a wide network of Veterinary Hospitals and Dispensaries exist in the State for providing animal health care. The numbers of such institution are 29 Hospitals, 298 Dispensaries, 25 Mobile Dispensaries and 125 Block Dispensaries.
The State has vast potential to generate income and employment to rural Population through growth in livestock sector. The Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary has established training institutions to provide training facility to the unemployed youth of the State. There are 4 (Four) numbers of such training institutions in the State.
DAIRY DEVELOPMENT IN ASSAM
6.4.0 The Dairy Development in Assam was initiated in the fag end of the Second Five Year Plan period with the basic concept of procurement, processing and distribution of milk aiming at Economic upliftment of Rural Milk producers and to help urban consumers to get quality milk at a reasonable price. It is also an excellent tool to provide employment opportunities as well as income source to the Farming Communities in the rural area. The Dairy Development Department, Assam has continued to take up various steps for milk production in the State by organising Dairy Cooperative Societies (DCS).
At present, there are 7 (Seven) numbers of Town Milk Supply Schemes (TMSS) in operation via. Guwahati (Central Dairy), Jorhat (Central Dairy), Dibrugarh, Tezpur, Silchar, North Lakhimpur and Manja (Hill District) and one Cremary Scheme at Garampani (Hill District). There are also 18 numbers of Chilling Plants under the above Town Milk Supply Scheme. The procurement and distribution of milk under Dairy Development during 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 are shown below. TABLE ± 6.3 PROCUREMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF MILK THROUGH DIFFERENT TOWN MILK SUPPLY SCHEME (TMSS) IN ASSAM
Name of Procurement (In Ltrs) Distribution (In Ltrs) TMSS 2001-02 2002-03 2001-02 2002-03 Guwahati 272231 938522 529865 911242 Jorhat 45780 552197 32089 280235 Dibrugarh 42037 31534 41108 16346 N. Lakhimpur 26628 18394 24664 15246
(Up to Oct/02) Garampani 18809 18394 118 -
(Upto Oct./02) Silchar 31135 33868 15465 23743
Source: Directorate of Dairy Development, Assam
The Department has also produced and sold various types of milk products like Yoghart, Paneer, Flavoured Milk, Dahi, and Cream etc. during the year. Further, to develop the Dairy Industry in the State, the Department has also taken some other schemes/projects as follows.
A) MILK VILLAGE SCHEME
The enhancement of milk production and creation of self-employment amongst the SC/ST people and economically backward classes, the Department has taken up the milk village scheme by providing 2 (two) Milch Cows with Calf. This Milk Village Scheme also includes the provision of some other inputs like Training allowances to beneficiaries, Insurance Premium for cattle insurance, cost of cow shed construction, feed and fodder etc. The beneficiaries under the scheme are selected through FMC and Panchayats of the respective areas.
B) OPERATION FLOOD II PROJECT (OF II)
At the request of the Government of Assam, the National Dairy Development Board prepared a Dairy Development Project for the State, in the light of Operation Flood II Project of Government of India, and formed a Milk Union namely West Assam Milk Producer¶s Co- operative Union Limited (WAMUL) in 1979-80. The Project envisaged milk marketing in Guwahati and other urban areas (Under the Project area) and developed ANAND pattern co- operative infrastructure in the milk-shed areas of the project to initiate production. There is a 60,000 litre/daily capacity plant in Guwahati and a cattle-feed plant commissioned at Changsari to meet the requirement of feed for the dairy animals.
C) INTEGRATED DAIRY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (IDDP) For providing employment opportunities and generating additional income in the rural areas, the Government of India has instructed State Government for formulating an Integrated Dairy Development Project for Hill Areas and Backward Areas during Eighth Five Year Plan. Accordingly, State Government has implemented the Integrated Dairy Development Project covering ten Districts of the State. This project is Centrally Sponsored and Central Grant is hundred percent and it is being implemented under the State Directorate of Dairy Development. AT present, 330 Nos. Dairy Co-operative Societies (DCS) have been formed at village level within the project area and 182 Nos. DCS have been provided with inputs.
D) CHAR AREA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME:
The Char Area Development Scheme is having two Centres under Char Area Development Programme, one at Panbari (Dhubri) and another at Howly. These Centres established for extension works in Char Areas to motivate and educate the farmers.
E) RURAL DAIRY CENTRE:
There are two Rural Dairy Centres located at Nalbari and Hojai. The main function of these centres to collect raw milk from the nearly Co-operative Societies and bring the milk to centres for distribution in the urban areas.
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Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department
» Mandate of the Department a) Poverty alleviation & self employment generation
Function: Self sufficiency in animal origin food products and to prevent the outflow of resources.
Role: (i) Dissemination of technical know how (ii) To act as a felicitator (iii) To make provision for escort services
Responsibility: Welfare of animal health
Schemes Assam Agricultural Competitiveness Project Livestock Development Component AACP (LDC)
Brief description of the scheme indicating the main objectives and components Over 90 percent of all livestock and poultry are owned by small holders and it forms a major source of their family income. The income from livestock is more equitably distributed than income from crops. The livestock sector also has a considerable impact on rural employment. Women account for two thirds of all labour incurred in dairy and other livestock enterprises. Further, in the absence of mechanization almost all the power requirement for agriculture operations is provided by livestock. The livestock account for 22 percent of GDP of agriculture sector without accounting for contribution made by animal power and manurial value of animal dung. Despite large livestock population, the productivity of the stock is very low. The State has the lowest per capita availability of livestock products; milk 83 gms per day, meat 2 gms per day and eggs only 20 nos per capita per year, much lower than the national average. Large quantity of milk, eggs and pork products are imported from other parts of the country to meet the state's requirement, explaining the large demand-supply gap indicating vast potential market available for milk, egg and meat.
Considering the above facts, the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department has taken up the challenge to tackle the whole situation. Cattle are most important amongst various species of animal. Most of the cattle are small in size and of no descript type with low production potential. They mature late and produce 1.0 to 2.0 liters of milk per day with long calving interval s. The production system followed in rural areas is extensive in nature with cattle being left loose for grazing. Most of the cattle have to subsist on poor quality roughage like paddy and wheat straws supplemented with small quantities of agricultural bi - products. The production of leguminous fodder is not popular. The compound feed industry is in its infancy and feeding of concentrate is limited to crossbreds, other high producing animals in milk shed areas.
The developmental strategy in cattle has concentrated on intervention to improve the cattle for milk production. The cross-breeding programme has resulted in production of sizable population of crossbred cattle producing on an average 4 -5 liters of milk per day (average lactation yield 1,120 - 1,400 ltrs). They mature early and have better breeding efficiency. The State Cattle Breeding Policy formulated in 2002 continues to place emphasis on cross breeding with Jersey bulls in most areas of the State and use of Holstein bulls restricted to certain specified areas.
The Broad Objective of the Project: (a) Improvement of equity and poverty alleviation (b) Improvement of nutrition of rural poor (c) Acceleration of growth of the livestock farmers (d) Capacity building of State Government technical services for project planning and implementation (e) Association of community in project activities with NGOs as facilitators (f) Commitment to the liberalization process (g) Entrepreneurship development, exposure visit of farmers outside and inside the state h) Employment generation
Major Components:
1. Cattle Breeding a) Assistance to ALDA as start up cost b) Functioning of Frozen Semen Production Centre and A.I centres c) Training d) Consultancy for preparation of ALDA's business and management plan e) Doorstep delivery of A.I services to the farmers f) Engagement of Private A.I workers (Gopal Mitra) in uncovered areas by the department for self employment
2. Disease control (Animal Health), Organization of Animal Health camps and Calf Rallies in Artificial Insemination Centre 3. Animal Nutrition ( Fodder Development) 4. Strengthening of the Bull Mother Farm, Barapeta 4. Project Implementation Unit 5. Poultry and Duck Development a) Backyard Poultry farming 6. Goat Development. Selective breeding of local goat. 7. Pig Development 8. Capacity building: Training of technical officers and exposure visit of farmers inside and outside the state.
Beneficiaries: Normally the male farmers are treated as beneficiaries. For small animal development, more emphasis has been given to the women's section of the society.
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