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Home , Artemisium, Battle of Marathon, Battle of Salamis, Battle of Thermopylae, Cyrus the Great, Phalanx

The Persian East v. West The Timeline of

Battle of Ionian Revolt Battle of / Ends Begins & 449 BCE Strait

499 BCE War Begins 479 BCE

490 BCE

480 BCE And in this corner… Who was involved in the Persian War? & What were their strategies?

Persian Soldiers Greek Soldiers called

Persian Strategy Greek Strategy Greater numbers Hoplites used the tended to overwhelm formation opposing armies to drive opponents off field Greek Warfare

• • Greek Ships called - rowed ship with heavy iron ram on front • Land Warfare • Used phalanx tactics • Metal shields • and swords (close range weapons) Persian Weapons • Leather and wood shields

• Short Swords • Depended on large number of archers • Had larger navy than The Persian Wars #1 Event Ionian Revolt:(499 BCE How did the Persian Wars Start?

• the Great conquered the • Greek city-state, in 547 BCE. • The had moved there after the collapse of and the beginning of the Greek Dark Ages

• The revolted against the Persian with the support of their Athenian Greek countryman with ships and troops, but lost. #1 Event Ionian Revolt:(499 BCE • Greeks burns to the ground. (Persian)

• Persia comes back, burns city of to the ground. (Greek)

• vowed to punish Athens for their support of the revolt. Darius decided that all the city-states in posed a threat to his empire, so he decided to conquer all of Greece. #2 Event: (Greek Victory) 490 BCE

• Darius decides to invade the Greek mainland and take it over. • Sends messengers to ask for surrender • Greeks- according to legend throw messengers into a pit Battle of Marathon (Greek Victory) 490 BCE

• The first invasion of Greece by the Persian Empire ended with this battle. • The city of Marathon was successfully defended against the Persian invasion. • Marathon was made famous by ’ 25 mile run to Athens to alert the city of the victory.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkYjE22GP2Y Battle of Marathon (Greek Victory) 490 BCE

• is having a religious festival and can’t help until tomorrow • Athenians meet them with their allies- led by General Militades • Sweep around the , surround them and defeat them • Greeks form an Alliance to protect against further Persian aggression #3 Event: / (Persian Victory) 480 BCE

This battle took place during the second Persian invasion of Greece.

Who led the Spartan and Athenian Armies? Athenian General

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1LBMBo2ZPg King Leonidas of Sparta

Darius has died , his son decides that the time has come to try to invade again Battle of Thermopylae/Artemisium (Persian Victory) 480 BCE • The Greeks use their alliance • Athens and Sparta lead army and fleet to fight

• Sparta makes a stand at Thermopylae (land) • Athens makes stand at (navy) the Straits of Artemisium

• Small passage between mountains- makes it hard for Archers to shoot, hard for troops in come in large numbers- Xerxes loses his biggest advantage

• A traitor shows the way around http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/war/story/sto_set.html • About 1300 men (300 were Spartans) fought to the death to stop army of 100,000-300,000

• Athens voted to abandon the city • Xerxes burns Athens to the ground

#4 Event: Battle of Salamis (Greek Victory) 480 BCE

• Athenian navy commander- Themistocles thought of way to defeat the larger Persian navy. • Used similar tactics to Spartans- Salamis strait was a small channel between two areas of land. • Themistocles told Persians that he wanted to switch sides. • Persians came to join Themistocles • The other Greeks acted like they were retreating, but suddenly attacked and rammed 300 ships down. • The Persians retreated Battle of Salamis (Greek Victory) 480 BCE • Once again outnumbered General Themistocles leads Greece to a victory at . • According to , the Persian fleet initially numbered 1,207 triremes • The Greek fleet numbered 366 triremes • Significance of the battle: it marked the turning point of the war. #5 Event: Battle of Plataea (Greek Victory) 479 BCE

• Xerxes retreats back to Asia Minor • Bridges at Hellespont have been destroyed- weather is not a fan of Xerxes • Leaves an army to attack in the Spring • Greeks have to decide whether or not to continue their alliance #5 Event: Battle of Plataea (Greek Victory) 479 BCE What Happened? • Greeks continue their alliance • Xerxes attacks in the Spring. • 80,000 allied Greek soldiers defeat the Persian Army.

http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/war/home_set.html Outcome of the Persian Wars

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