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Mgr. Kateřina Tvardíková České Budějovice 2013

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Mgr. Kateřina Tvardíková České Budějovice 2013 School of Doctoral Studies in Biological Sciences University of South Bohemia in České Bud ějovice Faculty of Science Trophic relationships between insectivorous birds and insect in Papua New Guinea Ph.D. Thesis Mgr. Kate řina Tvardíková Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Vojt ěch Novotný, CSc. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences České Bud ějovice 2013 This thesis should be cited as: Tvardíková, K. 2013: Trophic relationships between insectivorous birds and insect in Papua New Guinea. Ph.D. Thesis Series, No. 9. University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, School of Doctoral Studies in Biological Sciences, České Bud ějovice, Czech Republic, 184 pp. Annotation The thesis describes diversity of birds along a complete altitudinal gradient and in forest fragments in lowlands of Papua New Guinea. It focuses separately on the diversity of different feeding guilds, and discusses their links to habitat and food resources. More specifically, it focuses on forest insectivorous birds, their predation pressure on arthropods, feeding specializations and preferences, and some of the ways how insectivores search for food. Declaration [in Czech] Prohlašuji, že svoji diserta ční práci jsem vypracovala samostatn ě pouze s použitím pramen ů a literatury uvedených v seznamu citované literatury. Prohlašuji, že v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. v platném zn ění souhlasím se zve řejn ěním své diserta ční práce, a to v úprav ě vzniklé vypušt ěním vyzna čených částí archivovaných Přírodov ědeckou fakultou elektronickou cestou ve ve řejn ě p řístupné části databáze STAG provozované Jiho českou univerzitou v Českých Bud ějovicích na jejích internetových stránkách, a to se zachováním mého autorského práva k odevzdanému textu této kvalifika ční práce. Souhlasím dále s tím, aby toutéž elektronickou cestou byly v souladu s uvedeným ustanovením zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. zve řejn ěny posudky školitele a oponent ů práce i záznam o pr ůběhu a výsledku obhajoby kvalifika ční práce. Rovn ěž souhlasím s porovnáním textu mé kvalifika ční práce s databází kvalifika čních prací Theses.cz provozovanou Národním registrem vysokoškolských kvalifika čních prací a systémem na odhalování plagiát ů, provozovanou Národním registrem vysokoškolských kvalifika čních prací a systémem na odhalováníplagiát ů. České Bud ějovice, 30.7.2013 ..................................... Kate řina Tvardíková This thesis originated from a partnership of Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, and Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the AS CR, v.v.i, supporting doctoral studies in the Zoology study programme. Entomologický ústav Institute of Entomology Financial support The studies were financially supported by the Czech Science Foundation Grants 206/09/0115 and 206/08/H044, Czech Ministry of Education ME09082, Grant Agency of University of South Bohemia 04-136/2010/P, 04-156/2013/P and 04-048/2012/P, US National Science Foundation DEB-0841885, and was a part of Center of Excellence for Global Study of Biodiversity and Function of Forest Ecosystems, reg. n. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0064 co-financed by the European Social Fund and the Czech Republic. Acknowledgements I am very grateful to Vojt ěch Novotný, the supervisor of my Ph.D. thesis, for giving me an extraordinary opportunity to work in Papua New Guinea, and for his excellent guidance. I am thankful to his support during my studies, fruitful discussions and ideas that significantly improved all manuscripts included in the thesis. Further, I would like to thank to David Storch, who advised on my ornithological data handling. I am also glad for his visit in Papua New Guinea, where he has seen my work, and the habitats where I work. He could therefore understand the conditions and habitats and advise accordingly. I am much obliged to all paraecologists at the New Guinea Binatang Research Center, who greatly supported me during my stay in Papua New Guinea. They made it possible to collect extensive material used only partly in the thesis, and to be published during the next years. Especially Bonny Koane contributed extensively to all projects, and Samuel Jeppy also shared his ornithological experiences, and helped us at the beginning of the project. I am really thankful to Bonny also for his assistance in communication with locals, advices on how to deal with problems and following me at all study sites for long two years. Special thanks then go to the villagers of Kegesugl, Bruno Sawmill, Sinopass, Bundi, Numba, Kausi, Baiteta, Baitabag, Ohu, Wanang and Kotet for allowing me to work on their land, and for all the assistants and logistical support during the projects. Without the help of hundreds of carriers from their villages, I would not be even able to move my cargo and equipment around. I am thankful to Jan Lepš for his great support, and for being the first and last person calling whenever I came from or went to field, and also for his advices on statistics. Jan Hr ček, Tom Fayle and Philip Butterill advised on manuscripts, and on use of large databases. Bruce Beehler, Eben Goodale and Jack Dumbacher helped with identification of some birds and their sounds, and Bruce Beehler and Paul Igag provided training in New Guinean bird vocalization in the field. Carsten Rahbek advised on the manuscript about altitudinal gradient. I am also thankful to Irena Kle čková, Petr Vlašánek, Tom Fayle and Philip Butterill for friendly office environment while I stayed in the Czech Republic. Most importantly, I would like to thank to Legi Sam for his never ending support, for advices on how to live in Papua New Guinea, for critical comments on my work, and for being always the more optimistic and crazier half of us. Last, I would like to thank my family for their love and patience. List of papers and authors' contributions The thesis is based on the following papers (listed chronologically): 1. Predation on exposed and leaf-rolling artificial caterpillars in tropical forests of Papua New Guinea . Tvardikova, K., Novotny, V. (2012) Journal of Tropical Ecology 00:1–11 (IF = 1.401) [KT conceived the study, led fieldwork, analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript with contributions by VN] 2. Herbivore damage increases avian and ant predation of caterpillars along an altitudinal forest gradient in Papua New Guinea. Tvardikova, K., Novotny, V. (Submitted manuscript) [KT conceived the study, led fieldwork with a help from Bonny Koane, KT analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript with contributions by VN] 3. Diet of land birds along an altitudinal gradient in Papua New Guinea. Tvardikova, K., Koane, B., Jeppy, S., Sykorova, J., Novotny, V. (Submitted manuscript) [KT conceived the study, KT, BK, SJ led fieldwork, KT, JS analyzed the food samples with contribution of member of research team of VN, KT wrote the manuscript with contributions by VN] 4. Species richness of birds along a complete rainforest altitudinal gradient in the tropics. Tvardikova, K., Koane, B., Novotny, V. (Manuscript) [KT, VN conceived the study, KT led the field work with contribution of BK, and help from SJ, KT analyzed data with contribution by Carsten Rahbek and David Storch, VN made comments on draft] 5. Disappearance of birds from forest fragments in Papua New Guinea. Tvardikova, K., Koane, B., Novotny, V. (Submitted manuscript) [KT and VN conceived the study, KT led field work and analyzed the data, BK contributed to field work, KT analyzed the data and wrote manuscript with contribution of VN] 6. New avian records and range shifts of birds along altitudinal gradient of Mt. Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea. Tvardikova, K. (Submitted manuscript) [KT summarized the data and wrote the manuscript, data resulted from field work along altitudinal gradient and observations were made by KT, BK, SJ] Authors: Kate řina Tvardíková [KT] declares that she is the first and corresponding author of all papers, and with major contributions as stated above. The other authors are: Bonny Koane [BK] – assistant based at New Guinea Research Center, Papua New Guinea, trained by KT in bird identification and insect sorting Samuel Jeppy [SJ] – village assistant based in Wanang Conservation Area, skilled in bird identification Jana Sýkorová [JS] – student of Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, trained by KT in food sample sorting, canopy openness photograph analyzes, contributed also by literature data gathering Vojt ěch Novotný [VN] – supervisor Co-author agreement: Vojt ěch Novotný, the supervisor of Ph.D. thesis and co-author of all presented papers, fully acknowledges the contribution of Kate řina Tvardíková as the first author and her major contributions as stated above. ……………………………………… Prof. RNDr. Vojt ěch Novotný, CSc. Author’s other paper not included in the thesis, but related to the topic and cited throughout: Bird abundances in primary and secondary growth in Papua New Guinea: A preliminary assessment. Tvardikova, K. (2010) Tropical Conservation Science 3(4): 373-388 (IF = 0.54) CONTENT: Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... l Materials and methods ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 References ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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