R�chmon� H�us� and its inhabitants Inhabitants of Richmond House Introduction

Edward Birkhead (d.1662) 1662 Ellen Birkhead (d. 1680) 1680 William and Mary Birkhead & Ellen and John Izard of Baldock 1682 Francis Newport, Earl of Bradford (1620-1708) 1708 Thomas Newport, Lord Torrington (1655-1719) 1735 Anne, Lady Torrington (1683-1735) 1735 Anthony Browne, 6th Viscount Montague (1686-1767) & Lord North 1744 Sir Anthony Tracy- Keck (1708-1767) 1754 Sir Stephen Theodore Janssen (d.1777) 1766 Mary, née Fitzmaurice, Countess of Shelburne (d.1780) 1780 The Hon Thomas Fitzmaurice (1742-1793) 1790 John Symmons (1741-1831) 1792 Elizabeth Allanson, née Aislabie (1726-1808) 1810 Martha, Countess of Elgin(1739-1810) 1812 Sir Claude and Lady de Crespigny (1749-1812, 1734-1818) 1815 Lambert Blair (1767-1815) 1816 Williamza Damer (d.1825)

1825 John and Williamza Budgen (1791-1866) Ordnance Survey from 1863, showing original extent of Richmond House grounds 1829 Dowager Duchess of Roxburghe (d.1838) 1836 Lady Louth (d.1878) he history of reveals many famous houses; indeed, John 1836 Sir Henry Willock (1790-1858) Macky described it in 1720 as a village home to “an abundance of curi- 1840 John Budgen (see above) ous seats”[1]. Some of these houses still exist (eg York House, Marble 1845 Lady Ann Murray (1797-1850) Hill House, ) and many of those that do not have 1855 Alexander Herzen (1812-1870) been immortalized by famous artists. However, there is one, Richmond 1855 George Lenox-Conyngham (1796-1887) House, whose past and whose inhabitants and owners would seem to qualify it 1861 Elizabeth Maule (1818-1905) Tfor as much recognition as the others, but which has been strangely and sadly 1863 Lord Montague neglected. Those artists who painted Twickenham Riverside from the other side 1865 Field Marshal Sir Edward Blakeney (1778-1868) of the river found their view of the house blocked by , so tended to paint the houses they could see either upstream or downstream of the island. The 1868 George Gordon Mackintosh (1812-1903) only view accessible to the public is the one seen in Peter Tilleman's 1725 painting 1903 Jane Mackintosh (1829-1922) of “Prospect of Twickenham”, now held in the Borough of Richmond art collec- 1923 Joseph Theophilus Mears (1871-1935) tion at Orleans Gallery. The house no longer exists physically and, as it was sur- rounded by high brick walls on three sides, it was too difficult to depict. The story N.B. Some residents stayed several times in the house over the years. following is an attempt to right this injustice.

2 3 The House

[Above] Record of copyhold lease of a messuage on Richmond Ayte to Richard Clarke, 1659 (repro- duced by courtesy of Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies, ref DE/Pr/78255)

[Right] The location of Richard Clarke's land (known as “Richmond Ayte”), according to Moses Glover's map, 1635

The Hearth Tax records of 1664 [2] water-courses, commons, commodities, with show that Richmond House was already the appurtenances whatsoever ... containing the fourth biggest house in Twickenham, together about four acres". “A Prospect of Twickenham” by Peter Tillemans, 1725, and enlargement showing and by 1708 it was even larger (see chap- This first house was pulled down Richmond House, courtesy of Richmond Borough Art Collection, Gallery ter on Francis Newport, Earl of Bradford). in 1816 and a new one built, and then Francis Newport and his two sons extended in 1829 "one front of which faces were avid collectors of art. An inventory the Thames, with a pleasing garden and hat do we know of an administrative district or Manor, of taken (possibly following the death of extensive terrace guarded by handsome iron Richmond House? which the Earl was the Lord. The map, Thomas Lord Torrington) of the house and rails. The other front is to the street, but hid Sadly very little, as the not drawn to scale and still kept at Syon its art collection in 1719 gives us our first by a high wall, at one end of which is a por- house itself was barely House, shows that some land opposite glimpse of just how grand the house was, ter's lodge" [4]. There were also two pairs mentioned, except Eel Pie Island, adjacent to Richmond naming the rooms and the 172 important of entrance gates. When the house was in maps, over the 350 or so years of its House land (and roughly where Thames paintings that were housed there. eventually auctioned off in 1923 [5] the Wexistence, and to date there are only two Eyot now stands), was in the posses- In 1739 in an Act of Parliament [3] sale details specify:- glimpses of it, first its original form in a sion of the Clarke family. Richard Clarke relating to the late Hon.William Town- “9 bedrooms + dressing rooms, a wc painting by Peter Tillemans in 1725, and and his father were fishermen, as well shend and his young son Charles (qv) downstairs, 3 reception rooms, a library, hall, second, a photo taken after it had been as Churchwardens of St Mary the Virgin there is a description of the house as a pantry, stores, kitchen, scullery, mess larder. rebuilt in 1816 when it was put up for auc- Church in Twickenham. In 1659 the Birk- “mansion-house, with all the appurtenances, Servants quarters with 3 bedrooms, stables, 2 tion in 1923 (see later). head family bought this land from them called or known by the name of Richmonds cottages, set in 2.5 acres”. Why is it so-called? In 1635 Moses and the Deed referred to it as “Richmond with all the houses, edifices, buildings, barns, Thus, 1.5 acres of land had been sold Glover was asked by Algernon Percy, Ayte”. This probably gave rise to the stables, coach-houses, yards, backsides, gar- off at some stage since 1739, though there 10th Earl of Northumberland, to create house being known as Richmond House dens, orchards, brick-walls,walks, trees, appears to be no record of the sale, or who a survey map of the Isleworth Hundred, (or sometimes “Richmonds”). ways, lights, passages, easements, waters, benefited from it.

4 5 some of considerable quality. A glorious taries when they visited the House. meeting it was ...” [6]. Edward’s close friend and brother- Edward Birkhead Edward attended St Margaret’s in-law, Henry Middleton, was also a Church, the parish church of the Palace resident of Twickenham, though where of , in common with the he actually lived in Twickenham is Puritans of the seventeenth century. unknown. In 1637 Henry was granted They had become unhappy with the lifetime appointment as Keeper of His highly liturgical Westminster Abbey, Majesty’s Garden Doors, in charge of and chose from 1614 to hold Parliamen- the Privy Garden in Palace, tary services in the more “suitable” St at two shillings a day. He too was Margaret’s. appointed Serjeant at Arms alongside From EdwardBirkhead’s Will [7] we Edward Birkhead. know that he owned two properties Both Edward Birkhead and Henry actually in the churchyard of St Mar- Middleton took part in Cromwell’s garet’s. One was the Mason’s Lodge, funeral procession in 1658. a lodging for masons working on the The high point of Cromwell’s funer- Abbey; the other was a “newly built ary ceremonial was a great procession, he first occupant of -Rich ried Sir Robert Walpole and their son brick house” which he had both built on Tuesday 23rd November, which led mond House that we can be was Horace Walpole, of Strawberry Hill and lived in. These houses were demol- the hearse with the effigy through the sure of was Edward Birk- House fame; Charlotte married Francis ished in 1737. streets of and Westminster, head. What do we know Conway, 1st Baron Conway, and their In his Will Edward left £10 to the poor from Somerset House to the Abbey. The about him as a man? Sadly, granddaughter was Anne Seymour of the Parish of St Margaret’s, Westmin- date had in fact been put back twice, very little. There are neither portraits of Damer whose sister-in-law Williamza ster and the same amount to the poor of so that the most elaborate preparations Thim, nor obituaries written about him. Damer rebuilt Richmond House in 1816. the Parish of St Mary the Virgin, Twick- could be completed. In 1623 he married Eleanor Myddleton Their great-granddaughter was Lady enham – which was recorded on a board The whole event was carefully stage- (known as Ellen) in All Hallows Church, Mary Georgiana Emma Seymour, the on the north stairs of the Twickenham managed: tickets were printed and issued to ; there is no record of them “adopted” daughter of Mrs Fitzherbert, church. The board is still there but sadly mourners; soldiers, dressed in new red coats having children. the mistress of the Prince Regent. Lady his name is now illegible. His signature with black buttons and ensigns wrapped in The Birkheads were obviously an Mary (always known as “Minnie”) mar- as a witness to parish business however cypress, lined the whole route. The num- educated family of good standing and ried the Rt.Hon. George Lionel Dawson is seen many times in the Parish Record bers involved were astonishing, including almost certainly lived in London. At the Damer. books from as early as 1651. the poor men of Westminster, members of time of his death there were still eight Edward and many of his closest Edward Birkhead first comes to the domestic household (including waiters, brothers and sisters alive so he came from relations and friends (including the our notice when in 1637 he is made a ale-brewers and fire-makers), officials of the a big family. One brother, Christopher, Middletons and the Izards who feature Serjeant at Arms for life, initially on a court, civil servants, politicians, officers of was a goldsmith and another, Nicholas, later in the story) were early Quakers. salary of one shilling a day, though this the army and the fleet, preachers, chaplains was a goldsmith and watchmaker. Their Unfortunately the records of the earli- was later raised to £500 a year, plus £250 and physicians, friends and family of the sister Isabel married another goldsmith, est Quakers are fragmentary until 1668 “for the entertainment of his servants” [8]. Protector. It was as if the whole protectoral John Shorter, who later was knighted when records of Meetings started to be The Serjeant at Arms was the attendant regime, from top to bottom, was on parade. and became Lord Mayor of London in kept, but it is known that George Fox, of the Speaker when Parliament was sit- The full procession took seven hours to 1687. There follows a long and compli- the Founder of the Quakers, attended a ting, the Mace Bearer, and was there to travel little more than a mile. And its cen- cated line of connections to Twicken- meeting at Birkhead’s home in Twick- see that order was kept. He was also in trepiece was the effigy itself, on a carriage, ham and with Richmond House. Isabel enham. Fox records in his diary in 1658 charge of issuing Warrants issued by the accompanied by the chief mourner, Oliver’s and John had a son, also called John, “had a meeting at Serjeant Birkhead’s at Speaker. He was sometimes called upon son-in-law, Charles Fleetwood. (Richard, who had two daughters: Catherine mar- Twickenham, to which many people came, to attend the Sovereign or foreign digni- as the new Protector, could not mourn in

6 7 public for his father.) [9] According to The By 1653 he was describing himself as mond House to Francis Newport, later American Declaration of Independence. Publick Intelligencer, which picks up “Edward Birkhead of Twickenham”, so the 1st Earl of Bradford, and he and his Arthur’s Middleton’s wife was Mary the story: he was already living in Twickenham. It family became the owners for the next Izard, a grand-daughter of John Izard’s The Death and Funeral of Oliver is not known whether he built the first 55 years. brother Ralph. The Middleton Planta- Cromwell by Patrick Little. Richmond House, or acquired it from Towards the end of the seventeenth tion, now a National Historic Landmark The royalist, John Evelyn, reported of an as yet undiscovered previous owner, century, along with many Puritans and District, is a Museum set in the oldest events on 23 November that ‘it was the joy- but by the time of his death in 1662 it Quakers, members of the Middleton, landscaped gardens in the United States. fullest funeral that ever I saw, for there was was already one of the grandest houses Izard and Birkhead families emigrated none that Cried, but dogs, which the soldiers in Twickenham, occupying the prime to South Carolina in America. They hooted away with a barbarous noise, drink- site on the banks of the Thames in the were to intermarry and it is Henry Mid- ing & taking tabacco in the streets as they centre of Twickenham and opposite Eel dleton’s great-great grandson, Arthur went’. [10 ] Pie Island. Middleton, who was a signatory of the Maybe the seven hour long proces- A survey made in 1661 of all the real sion took its toll on Edward’s health estate in the Parish of Twickenham [11] because by 26th March 1659, “in regard shows that he was the principal land- to his frequent indisposition of health” owner in Twickenham. A copy of some Francis Newport, Henry Middleton was instructed to take of his land and houses (DE/Pr/78232) over his duties when necessary. But by can be seen in documents in the Hert- May, now because of his “great indisposi- fordshire County Council Archives. In First Earl of Bradford tion” he was given leave to retire to the 1664, two years after Edward’s death, country for his health’s sake, and Henry Hearth Tax records show that Richmond Middleton stepped into his place. House was the fourth largest house in n 1682 Richmond House entered In 1660 Edward was asked to relin- Twickenham. its Golden Age, thanks to its new quish his post and hand the Keys of the On his death in 1662 he left all his owner Francis Newport, First Earl House and the Mace over to Serjeant possessions, with the exception of a few of Bradford. It was to remain in the Norfolk. He petitioned successfully, legacies, to his wife Ellen and after her possession of his family for the next on the grounds that he was appointed death all was to go to his nephew, Wil- 47 years. Serjeant at Arms for life and he wanted liam Birkhead, the second son of his In 1642 Francis Newport, the eldest I st to attend the King when he came to brother John. In 1664 William married son of Richard Newport, 1 Baron New- London, but his name does not appear Edward’s niece, Mary, the daughter of port, married Lady Diana Russell, fourth in House of Commons literature again, Henry Middleton; their daughter Ellen daughter of Francis Russell, 4th Earl of so maybe his health had once again married John Izard, a wealthy draper Bedford. They had five daughters and deteriorated. From February 1659 until and land owner from Baldock. four sons - five others died in infancy. He May 1660 Birkhead was not paid his Thus the lives of the Birkheads, Mid- was MP for Shropshire, during both the salary and was owed £1,166/1s/3d; it dletons and Izards become so entwined Short and the Long Parliament. was agreed that he should be paid at that it is difficult to be specific about He was created Viscount Newport of least part of it, so he was given £100, the subsequent selling and purchas- Bradford in 1675 by Charles II, and Earl of with presumably the rest to follow in ing of the various houses and lands in Bradford in 1694 by William III. (He was instalments. Twickenham, especially as the children named not after the town of Bradford but It is probably the increased salary received the same Christian names as the Bradford Hundred, an administrative that Edward received in 1647 that gave their parents. Ellen Birkhead died in division in Shropshire). him the opportunity to start purchas- 1680 and in 1682 John Izard (presum- When he came to Richmond House Francis Newport, 1st Earl of Bradford ing houses and land in both Twicken- ably on behalf of his wife, also Ellen, he was Treasurer of the King’s Household (reproduced by kind permission of Trustees of ham and London at an alarming rate. or his mother-in-law Mary) sold Rich- and Lord of Shropshire, having Weston Park Foundation)

8 9 [Left] The Breakfast Room in Weston Park, Shropshire [Above] Holbein's “Ann Boleyn” [Right] van Dyck's 1633 portrait of Queen Henri- etta Maria with Sir Jeffrey Hudson previously been Comptroller of the House- ject, a true son of the Church of and Civil War and Restoration era. Both the Richmond House and the Holbein “Ann hold as well as a Privy Counsellor. a great benefactor to its clergy. He also looked Earl and his two sons were avid collectors Boleyn” was on the staircase. Francis Newport was a staunch Roy- after the poor people of his town in Shrop- of remarkable works of art by some of It is said that he was considering mar- alist. It is rumoured that he spent much shire” [13]. the most important painters of their time, rying Lucy, the young daughter of his of his wife’s dowry of £7000 supporting When in Twickenham he attended St including 13 by Van Dyck, 23 by Sir God- neighbour Sir Thomas Skipwith, when he the Royalist cause. He was taken prisoner Mary the Virgin Church, Twickenham, frey Kneller, one by Michelangelo, four by died at the age of 88. His wife had died in the Battle of Oswestry in 1644 and was where his family were assigned several Lely and one by Holbein - 172 paintings in 1694. arrested and imprisoned twice more, once pews. He also donated to the Church a in all in Richmond House alone, as well An interesting aside is that in 1698 his in the . green velvet pulpit cloth embroidered as others in their London house. I don’t coachman bought a cottage in the area On February 27th, 1700, King William with gold. In his Will he left £10 for the believe that any of the inhabitants of Rich- known as Strawberry Hill Short, allegedly “knowing his abilities and great merit” hon- poor of the Parish. mond House ever elevated the house to from the profits of feeding his master’s oured him with his presence at dinner to In Francis Newport’s Will [14] he such magnificance. horses with chopped straw instead of hay. celebrate his 80th birthday. At the time it writes of Richmond House that “it hath A view of some of these paintings The cottage was nicknamed Chopped was said of him “He hath a great deal of Wit, cost me in building and reparations since now in the Breakfast Room in Weston Straw Hall, was bought by Horace Wal- is a just Critic, a Judge and Lover of Poetry, I bought it as much as purchase money at Park, Shropshire (which is open to the pole in 1747 and later become Strawberry Painting, and nice living; hath been a hanfome least”. These works were done presum- public) gives us some idea of how Rich- Hill House. Man, but is now near eighty Years old, was ably to house the amazing collection of mond House must have looked. The van Francis Newport died in Richmond always a great Libertine” [12]. Old Master paintings and portraits of Dyck portrait of Queen Henrietta Maria House in 1708 and is buried in Wroxeter It was also said that “he was a loyal sub- people that his family had known in the with Sir Jeffrey Hudson was in the hall of in Shropshire.

10 11 She was buried next to her husband in of Twickenham and there were various Wroxeter. individual legacies but the main part of Thomas Newport, She gave away legacies totalling her estate, her houses and lands she left over £2000 as well as instructions to pay to the Hon. William Townshend. There her staff a sum total of £175 a year for appears to be no relationship between Lord Torrington life, and regretted that she couldn’t do the Bradford/Torrington/Towshend/ more for people because of her “loss in Pierrepont families to explain this gener- n 1708 Francis Newport, Earl of His third wife, Anne Pierrepont, inher- the South Sea and other disappointments”. osity, except that a Miss Ann Townshend Bradford, left Richmond House ited Richmond House in 1719. It is thanks £50 was left to the Poor of the Parish was Lady Torrington’s God-daughter. in his Will [14] to his second son to her that we have our only glimpse of Thomas Newport on condition that what the inside of the house was like, as he lived in it for at least two months she did an inventory of the 172 paintings a year as it was “a convenient house for him in the house on the death of her husband, Anthony Browne, Ito dwell in”. naming the rooms in which they were to Otherwise the house was to be sold be found. and the proceeds put towards the repairs On her death in 1735 it took nearly Sixth Viscount Montague of another Newport home in Shropshire, 30 cart loads to move these paintings up The Manor of High Ercall, which had to Weston Park in Shropshire, now the hen Lady Torrington it is more likely that the reference is to his been fortified to act as a Royalist strong- family home. The art collection at Weston retired to Bath in the father, who was young Charles Townsh- hold and garrison during the Civil War. Park, largely assembled by Francis New- early 1730s it is thought end’s Trustee). This was the house in which Thomas was port and his two sons, is now considered that she let Richmond Viscount Montague continued to live born. Thomas must have appreciated of International importance. House out to Anthony in Richmond House until 1744. His coun- Richmond House as he and subsequently Thomas, like his father, was involved Browne, 6th Viscount Montague. However, try estate was Cowdray House in Mid- his widow continued to own the house with St Mary the Virgin Church, Twick- Won her death in 1735 she left Richmond hurst. He had sold Battle Abbey, another until 1735. enham, and was one of the 20 Trustees House in her Will to the Hon. William of his homes, a few years earlier. Cowdray Thomas was MP for Ludlow and appointed to consider the rebuilding of Townshend, the son of Charles Townsh- House had been visited several times by later for Much Wenlock. He was Lord of the Church after it had fallen down in end, 2nd Viscount Townshend, commonly Henry VIII who was fond of it, but Horace the Treasury in 1715, created Baron Tor- 1713. The family also owned pews in the known as “Turnip” Townshend. William’s Walpole wasn’t impressed when he went rington of Torrington in Devon in 1716, Church. Lord Torrington died in 1719 stepmother was Dorothy Walpole, sister there. In a letter to his friend George Mon- and in 1717 he served on the Privy Coun- and, like his father, is buried in Wroxeter of Sir Robert Walpole and aunt of Horace tague he wrote [16]: “Mr. Chute and I are cil of Great Britain. He was married three in Shropshire. Walpole. On inheriting the house, William returned from our expedition miraculously times, but sadly there were no children. Townshend signed a contract to sell it to well, considering all our distresses. If you love Viscount Montague for £2200, but William good roads, conveniences, good inns, plenty of died in 1738, aged only 36, before the sale postillions and horses, be so kind as never to go had been completed. His father died only into Sussex. We thought ourselves in the north- Anne, Lady Torrington a few months later. An Act of Parliament est part of England; the whole country has a was necessary to ensure that the the pro- Saxon air, and the inhabitants are savage” nne, Lady Torrington (née moved to Bath, where she died in 1735. ceeds of the sale, in Trust, went to William’s In 1741 a Nicholas Friend is listed on Anne Pierrepont) was Her Will [15] stipulated that she desired young son Charles rather than with the the Twickenham Museum website [17] Lord Torrington’s third a very private and simple funeral, with rest of the Estate to Henrietta, his widow. as staying in Richmond House but I have wife. She was a cousin of only the Hearse and two mourning [3] The Trustees were Viscount Montague been unable to track down this gentleman. Lady Mary Wortley Mon- coaches, and no ornament except for and Francis North, 1st Earl of Guildford. Montague sold the house on to the tagu, a member of the Pierrepont family. black feathers on the Hearse. She also (It is often reported that Lord North, the Keck family in 1744 after possibly having AShe appears to have remained in Rich- asked that no rooms were to be hung in Prime Minister, lived in Richmond House stayed in it for up to 14 years. mond House until the 1730s when she black on the road and no lying in State. but as he was only a young boy at this time

12 13 Sir Anthony KECK Sir Anthony Tracy-Keck 1630-1695 | Ferdinand TRACY = 1st Katherine 2nd = Edward CHUTE ir Anthony Tracy-Keck was the | | next owner of Richmond House; John TRACY John CHUTE he and his family lived there from 1744 – 1766. Earlier he had 1701-1776 bought three adjoining cottages | on the land from Lady Torrington, the Anthony TRACY (became Sir Anthony TRACY-KECK) SEarl of Bradford’s daughter-in-law. As Anthony Tracy he married Lady Susan Chart: Relationship of John Chute to Sir Anthony Tracy-Keck Hamilton, the 7th child of the 4th Duke of Hamilton, but adopted the name Keck building a new wall in front of the court- affairs, was my oracle in taste, the standard as a condition of inheriting the Manor of yard and setting it on land beyond its old to whom I submitted my trifles, and the Great Tew from his great-uncle, Francis foundations, thus encroaching on land genius that presided over poor Strawberry! Keck, his grandmother’s brother. that didn’t belong to him. His sense decided me in everything; his wit With the help of his wife, Lady Susan, Six months later he was reprimanded and quickness illuminated everything. I saw he was elected MP for Woodstock in 1754 for not doing anything about it. He also him oftener than any other man; to him in and throughout his parliamentary career trespassed onto neighbouring land in every difficulty I had recourse, and him I he remained the Duke of Marlborough’s order to lop, or cause to be lopped, sev- loved to have here, as our friendship was so dependent and protegé. In 1759 Marlbor- eral elm trees that were growing near entire, and we knew on another so entirely, ough wrote to the Prime Minister, Pitt, to the front of his home. There is sadly no that he alone never was the least constraint Portrait of Sir Anthony Tracy-Keck, Lady Susan say “He is in every respect an honest man, Hamilton Keck with daughters Susan and Char- record of the punishment that was meted to me. We passed many hours together with- and a gentleman, and will not prove unwor- lotte. Artist unknown out to him for these misdemeanours. out saying a syllable to each other; for we thy of any favours you may please to confer There are occasional mentions of the were both above ceremony. I left him without on him”[18]. Hereford. In the same year she took back Keck family in Horace Walpole’s diaries. excusing myself, read or wrote before him, as He and his wife had two children, the name Tracy by an Act of Parliament Anthony Tracy-Keck may have moved if he were not present. Alas! alas! and how Henrietta Charlotte in 1744, the year in accordance with her uncle’s Will. Her to Twickenham to be near his relation self presides even in grief. I am lamenting they moved into Richmond House, and husband lived only for a further nine John Chute, who was one of Horace myself, not him! — no, I am lamenting my Susan, a year later, in 1745. Lady Susan, years. She died 23rd June 1835, aged 91. Walpole’s “Committee of Taste”. Sir other self. Half is gone; the other remains soli- their mother, died on 3rd June 1755. She Her sister, Susan, was a competent Anthony was related to John, though it tary.” had been a political figure in her own artist, exhibiting at the Royal Academy. is complicated to work out the relation- Sir Anthony’s greatest love was for right, whose activities as a tireless can- In 1771 she married Francis Wemyss ship: Katherine Keck married firstly Fer- horse breeding and racing. He died in vasser on horseback attracted much Charteris, Lord Elcho. She was a distin- dinand Tracy, and Anthony Tracy-Keck 1767 from a stroke suffered at Epsom press coverage in the Oxfordshire elec- guished bibliophile, whose valuable col- was her grandson. Her second husband Races when his horse won its heat. tion of 1754. lection of books was sold after her death was Edward Chute and John Chute It was said of him that he was “a gen- Henrietta Charlotte Keck was in 1835. She died, aged 90, the same year was their child (see Chart). Chute was tleman, universally admired for the ingenu- appointed Maid of Honour to Queen as her sister. immensely important to Horace Walpole ous openness of his disposition, engaging Charlotte in September 1761 and, on The Kecks were in Richmond House and when he died Walpole wrote, in a affability and peculiar integrity towards his a salary of £300 a year, stayed with the for 22 years. According to records in letter to Horace Mann [20], friends” [21]. Queen until June 1774, when she mar- the London Metropolitan Archives [19], “Mr. Chute and I agreed invariably in ried Edward Devereux, 12th Viscount in 1751 Sir Anthony was in trouble for our principles; he was my counsel in my

14 15 cable was laid between Europe and New- foundland in the U.S.A. The first message Sir Stephen Janssen sent was between and President Buchanan of the U.S.A. in 1865. n 1754 Sir Stephen Theodore Jans- Brooks. Their products were much Valentia was also the home of a quarry sen claimed Richmond House as admired by Horace Walpole and are which supplied slate for the roofing tiles his residence during the time he still eagerly collected nowadays. Sadly for the Houses of Parliament. was Lord Mayor of London. He was he went bankrupt and the factory had Poor Lady Shelburne was regarded as grandfather to Williamza Budgen to close in 1756, but its name lives on. being “very foolish” by Horace Walpole. (née Moore) who later in 1825 inherited After the bankruptcy he received She once sent for him to show him how Richmond House and its contents from £600 a year from his relatives and she had furnished the niches in her hall I in ‘Twitnam’. He found six casts of the her mother’s cousin, Williamza Damer. became a recluse, living on only one- Sir Stephen was the founder and fifth of the money, the other four-fifths same statue, viz. the Venus Callipygus, owner of the Battersea Enamel factory being used to pay off his debts. He or “Venus looking at her hind parts”. He based in Battersea on the south bank of died in 1777 “universally respected for said, ‘Madam, one is very well; but why did the Thames, having provided the finan- his many public and private virtues”. your Ladyship like to have six all the same?’ cial capital in partnership with the potter She replied, ‘To tell you the truth, I bought Henry Delamain and the printer John them a pennyworth.’ ‘To be sure, Madame’, said he ‘the proprietor sold you a bargain.’ [23]. This may explain why, on her death, Walpole wrote [24] to the Countess of Upper Ossory: “My old acquaintance, or Mary, Dowager rather my acquaintance, old Lady Shelburne, I Venus Callipyge see by the papers, is dead. How has she left her fortune, once so great, but which, with super- Countess of Shelburne The Dowager Countess of Shelburne abundant cunning, she had rendered almost as died in 1780 while staying at Lleweni Hall, crazy as she was latterly ?” n 1766 Mary, née Fitzmaurice, the and its lands in Calne and Chippen- the home of her second son, Thomas. In She appears to have been a strong, Dowager Countess of Shelburne, ham, various tenements and meadows her Will [22] she instructed that “my body intelligent, ambitious lady – a force to moved into Richmond House and at Mannings Hill in Calne and its park may after lying ten days be put into a coffin be reckoned with both personally and lived there until her death in 1780, were sold two months after his death wrapped up in a clean linen sheet and be con- financially in her family. Maybe if he had when she left it to her second son, the by Mary, to her eldest son William Petty, veyed in an open carriage of my own coach to known this, a certain John Dillon, in 1774, Hon. Thomas Fitzmaurice. now the 2nd Earl. Bowood Park in the county of Wilts the seat of might not have stolen from her a “blun- Mary had in 1734 married her cousin He furnished Bowood with superb my said eldest son and deposited in the Mau- derbuss mounted with brass, value thirty shil- I st John Petty Fitzmaurice, 1 Earl of Shel- collections of paintings, furniture and soleum which I have caused to be erected there lings”. For this he was found guilty and burne, an Anglo-Irish peer and politician. classical sculpture as well as construct- to memory of my said late beloved husband in transported for seven years [25]. In 1754 he bought Bowood House and ing, at the request of his mother, a the same sarcophagus as near as may be to his Her eldest son William Petty, 2nd Earl of gardens in Wiltshire on the death of Sir Mausoleum designed by Robert Adam much honoured remains”. She also left close Shelburne became Prime Minister in 1782 Orlando Bridgeman (a resident situated in a park designed by ‘Capabil- friends and family money “for mourning”. (after his mother’s death). As a result of his whose family owned Weston Park until 25 ity’ Brown. The 1st Earl and the Dowa- An interesting bequest to a grandson was negotiations to establish peace with Amer- years ago when it was passed over to the ger Countess are both buried in this the island of Valentia, off the coast of Ire- ica at the close of the War of Independence care of the Trustees of the Weston Park Mausoleum; Bowood remains in the land. The name is familiar to us as being he was created Marquess of Lansdowne, a Foundation). Lord Shelburne died in 1761 ownership of the same family and can mentioned in the shipping forecast. It was name by which he is better known. and the contents of Bowood, Bowood Park be visited. also the site where the first transatlantic

16 17 His London home, 105 Pall Mall, later be of long duration” [18]. He died in 1793. became the home of Mrs Fitzherbert and His obituary [27] said “His love of the The Honorable was used by George IV as an annexe to poor, for his country, for real improvements Carlton House. It is now the home of the of every kind, his benevolence in general, and Reform Club. his uncommon skill in the management of the Thomas Fitzmaurice In 1790 his wife succeeded to her great concerns wherein he was engaged were mother’s title of Countess of Orkney such as meet not often in one person; such vir- Brother of William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne and came into an estate in Cliveden in tues as those continue true nobility and ren- (later 1st Marquess of Lansdowne (Prime Minister) Buckinghamshire (later the home of the dered Mr Fitzmaurice the noblest ornament of Astors), and Thomas seems to have made his noble family.” his home there, meanwhile letting out Recent research suggests, however, n her death in 1780, while bought Lleweni Hall from the Salisbury Richmond House to John Symmons. A that there may now be a contender for staying at Lleweni Hall, family, and set up a linen bleaching fac- picture of him in the last year of his life, the title “the noblest ornament”, in the Denbighshire, the Dowa- tory to bleach the cotton being produced having suffered a stroke , sunk in drink, form of Kate Middleton, now Duchess ger Countess of Shelburne’s in his factory in Ireland. dropsy and depression, and in reduced of Cambridge; her Middleton ancestry “realized personal estate, being He employed two to three hundred circumstances, is given by his nephew can be traced back to Mary, Countess of very considerable”, passed to her youngest of his poorest tenants and neighbours, Lord Wycombe, who wrote “I think him Shelburne and her son, the Hon.Thomas Oson, the Hon. Thomas Fitzmaurice (he introduced modern methods of agricul- on the whole dejected and disgusted, not so Fitzmaurice. was given his mother’s maiden name in ture (which were initially laughed at by much with the fatiguing business to which he On Thomas’s death Richmond House order to take advantage of her Estates in everyone), was an excellent paymaster is so unaccountably attached as with the world was sold to Mrs Elizabeth Allanson, née Ireland). He spent a great deal of his time and a skilful mechanic. In 1785 Richard at large. He told me that he rather wished for Aislabie. with his mother in Richmond House, was Twining (of the Dial House Twicken- death, and that he thought his life was not to close to her and she was fond of him. ham family) wrote “He has plunged him- That, together with the fact that self into a business which might make even Thomas had benefited from his -moth a tradesman tremble. He is bleacher of linen. er’s Fitzmaurice estates which brought The buildings which he has erected, and the him in a small income, while his elder machines and apparatus which he has placed John Symmons brother William the 2nd Earl had inher- in them are really astonishing. He has a shop ited his father’s debts and responsibili- in Chester at which he sells his linen when it John Symmons is listed as owned an Egyptian Mummy, whose ties, caused difficulties between the two is bleached” [18]. Cliffe wrote in The Cam- living in Richmond House grisly description is found in “Observa- brothers. Thomas was said to be an out- brian Tourist [26] “He travelled by his coach in 1790/91. Judging by the tions on some Egyptian mummies opened in going, friendly man whose close friends and six to Chester where he then stood behind high calibre of the previ- London by John Frederick Blumenbach M.D., included Dr Samuel Johnson and David a counter selling his cloth. He lived with the ous inhabitants, this is most F.R.S. Addressed to Sir Joseph Banks Bart Garrick; the latter lived only a couple affected humility of a tradesman and the pomp likely John Symmons F.R.S., “a wealthy P.R.S.” of miles away from Thomas at Hamp- of a Lord – his conduct was singular but his Aman, and a noted collector of books and botani- He moved to Paddington House in ton House, now known as Garrick Villa. motives were good” cal specimens, with a wide circle of friends in 1795 where his collection of 4000 plants William, Thomas’s brother, was a more Once again in financial difficulty, in London among the nobility and the legal pro- is commemorated in a book still in print. reserved man. 1777 he married a prospective heiress fession, with Walpole being a distant cousin” Hortus Paddingtonensis [29]. The Hon.Thomas Fitzmaurice was Lady Mary O’Brien, daughter of Mur- [28]. John Symmons was a member of It is said of him that he was “ a lib- MP for Calne, and then later for Chip- rough, 5th Earl of Inchiquin and Mary, the Society of Dilettanti, and he seconded eral, elegant and hospitable character”, was a ping Wycombe, now known as High Countess of Orkney. Apparently he only Lord Elgin’s second attempt to join it. member of the Linnean Society, the Hor- Wycombe. With his Irish estates increas- told his mother of his wedding the day John Symmons is known to have cor- ticultural Society, and the Society of Anti- ingly unproductive and his financial situ- before and his brother was enraged that responded with Sir Joseph Banks (of quaries. He was described as “eminently ation deteriorating, in the Thomas his consent had not been sought. Gardens), and it was probably he who distinguished for his botanical pursuits”

18 19 Mrs Elizabeth Allanson, Martha, Dowager née Aislabie Countess of Elgin

rs Elizabeth Allanson, Earl at the age of 7, but then died in the née Aislabie, a rich heir- same year, leaving his 5 year old younger ess, lived in Richmond brother Thomas as the 7th Earl. House from 1791 until Martha was left with very little money at least 1795. Her hus- but George III took an interest in the family band, Charles, MP for Ripon, had died in and gave her a small annuity to help her 1775 and was buried with “great funeral bring up her family, and also paid for the M th pomp” in York Minster. His father was education of Thomas, the 7 Earl. Later William Allanson Esq of Little Sion, a when her children had grown up she was grand private house within the grounds appointed Governess to the one year old of Syon House, which may explain why Princess Charlotte, daughter of the Prince Mrs Allanson, a Yorkshire lass, chose to of Wales (later George IV) and Princess live in Twickenham. She also had a house Caroline. in London. Charlotte loved her governess, whom Her grandfather John Aislabie cre- she called “Eggy” and apparently was ated the gardens at Studley Royal Park heartbroken when the Countess retired in Yorkshire and after his death in 1742 when Charlotte was only 8 years old. her father, William, extended the scheme Later Princess Charlotte died in childbirth by purchasing the adjacent remains of Martha Countess of Elgin, by Allan Ramsay, 1762 aged 21 or she would have been Queen Fountains Abbey and Fountains Hall. of England instead of Victoria. Nobody is After William’s death in 1781 the estate quite sure why Martha retired early, but passed to Mrs Allanson who continued artha, Countess of Elgin possibly it was because she had gout and to improve it. This Park (now owned by was the daughter of was in pain. There is also a theory that the Mrs Elizabeth Allanson, née Aislabie, by Thomas The National Trust) is arguably England’s Hudson, 1749 Thomas Whyte and Prince of Wales dismissed her as she had most important 18C Water Garden and married Charles Bruce, gone against his orders and taken Princess has been designated a World Heritage 5th Earl of Elgin, in 1759. Charlotte to visit her grandfather, George Site. He was a founder member of the Royal III. Mrs Allanson died in London in April Mand Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, so Martha, Dowager Countess of Elgin 1808 and her obituary [30] says “The high maybe she was one of the earliest “golf died in Richmond House in 1810 and is estimation in which her character was deserv- widows”. buried in St Mary the Virgin’s Church in edly held by all ranks and conditions in life is She had a sad early life; of her eight Twickenham. Her gravestone is on the far above panegyric; her benevolence and lib- children, only three outlived her, and 1771 floor just inside the Church doors but erality to the public in general, to the tenants, must have been a particularly difficult sadly 200 years of worshippers’ feet have and the poor in particular, was unabounded; time. Her husband died aged 39, and two rendered it illegible. and it may be truly said that in her society has weeks later she bore her eighth child. Her The only tangible legacy we have of lost one of its brightest ornaments”. eldest surviving son thus became the 6th Lady Elgin is a book she wrote called

20 21 “Physick and cookery of various kinds” ever seen. The Earl of Elgin was given cus- which is the property of the National tody of his children but did not manage to Library of Scotland. get control of Mary’s considerable fortune, th Lambert Blair Her son Thomas Bruce, the 7 Earl of which he needed to pay off his enormous Elgin, married the richest heiress in Scot- debts. The scandalous divorce must have land, Mary Nisbet. Elgin was appointed been very distressing for Martha and may the Ambassador Extraordinaire to the Otto- be why she left London to live in the rela- man Empire; during the time they were in tive quiet of Twickenham. that region his wife’s charm and her con- Following the divorce Mary later mar- siderable wealth enabled him to remove ried Robert Ferguson, who was a cousin of and ship to England the classical marbles the Berry sisters. of the Parthenon in Athens, known as the As a boy Elgin had suffered from Elgin Marbles. migraines and was treated throughout his It was Mary who introduced the small- life with mercury given both internally pox vaccine (using the cowpox virus – vac- and externally (given with sugar or honey cinia - as opposed to the earlier smallpox or as a blue ointment with balsam). This virus – variola - linked to Lady Mary Wort- caused so much blistering on his nose that ley Montagu) to the Middle East. Martha’s eventually part of his nose was amputated. chaplain was the father of Dr Jenner, who Mercury poisoning was also the cause of developed the vaccine, and it was Martha death of his son and heir, Bruce, who suf- who sent a supply to Mary to be given to fered from colds and asthma - he died a her grandchildren. (The term vaccine comes year before his father. from Jenner’s use of cow pox – the latin for To offset his debts, Elgin in 1816, sold “cow” being vacca.). the Marbles to the British Government Later Mary embarked on a passionate for £35,000. Poor Lord Elgin had felt that affair with Elgin’s closest friend, Robert he had done the right thing by saving the Ferguson, which then gave rise to the most Marbles from destruction, but died a bitter ambert Blair died in Richmond the British took Demerara from the Dutch scandalous divorce trial that London had man, in debt. House. A plaque on the east (at which Sir Edward Blakeney was pres- wall of the north aisle of the ent q.v.), they had made enough money Church of St Mary the Virgin, to buy up land and set up plantations in Sir Claude and Lady the Parish Church of Twicken- Demerara and Berbice (British Guiana, ham, reads: “Lambert Blair of Berbice and of now Guyana). His account books show LCourtland, Devon, who, after a lingering ill- that he traded in coffee and cotton, as well Champion de Crespigny ness which he supported with exemplary For- as slaves. titude and Resignation, departed this life on A glimpse of his opulent lifestyle in ir Claude and Lady Champion She distinguished herself in the literary the 25th of January, 1815. Aged 48 years.” Berbice is given by the account [31] by Dr de Crespigny were residents in world and produced a book addressed to These words leave one unprepared George Pinkhard, an army surgeon, who Richmond House in 1812. The her only child, William, entitled “Letters for the discovery that Lambert Blair was, visited Blair in 1796: Champion de Crespigny family to an only Son”, a novel called “The Pavil- by profession, a slave owner on a very We have lately made a party from the fort, were Huguenot refugees from ion”, and was the acknowledged author of grand scale. He and his brother James left and spent two most pleasant days—one at Normandy, France who came to Eng- A Monody to the Memory of the Right Honour- Newry in Ireland in the early 1780s and the governor’s—the other with Mr. Blair, a Sland during the reign of King William. Sir able the Lord Collingwood . Lady Champion set up an Agency on Saint Eustatia in the rich planter, residing at a short distance down Claude (created baronet in 1805) married de Crespigny died in Richmond House on West Indies, primarily for the purchase of the coast on the opposite shore of the river... Mary when she was only 16. July 20th, 1812. slaves. By the turn of the century, when To speak of the sumptuous day we had at Mr.

22 23 Blair’s were to throw an air of doubt upon my cook’s, or confectioner’s, No such persons are served. We had afterwards pines, shaddocks, its brightness. A cool and constant sea-breeze former notes regarding the paucity of fresh pro- here known, and hence the whole of the enter- melons, water-lemons, and multitudes of other adds to the many advantages of this situation: visions in these colonies. But let it be remem- tainment must be the immediate production of fruits. Nor were the fluids of the banquet less it is always free and pure, there being nothing bered that individuals of large estate may find the estate: every necessary, every comfort, and amply administered. Hock, Claret, Madeira, to impede or contaminate it between the house the means of procuring a most ample supply, every luxury that is given, or enjoyed, must be and Port wines were in liberal use. We had and the ocean. After it grew dark a rubber was for their own table, although the colony may found in the house or upon the plantation, yet also Seltzer and Spa waters, likewise bottled proposed .as the amusement of the evening- not furnish an overplus to send to the public in such plenty were they served at this prolific small beer, ale, and porter, with brandy, rum, but cards had no power to attract the - market; and, indeed, at Berbische fresh animal home, that one might have fancied a Covent- Hollands, noyeau, and other liqueurs—all in ity of us from the dear unfinished Times and food is provided for the troops... garden, or a Leadenhall market to have been supply sufficient for a lord mayor’s feast. Chronicle. We slept in hammocks according to Mr. Blair is one of the most opulent plant- near. From all we had previously seen in the After our good eating and drinking we the common mode of the country, and a most ers in these colonies, and, not disliking the colonies, it had been Wild to have conjectured took a walk about the plantation, and found excellent and convenient mode it is, for a very good things of life himself, he has assembled that so complete a collection could have been every corner of it equally plenteous as the table large party may be thus accommodated in a them at his place of residence in sufficient assembled. and the cellar. Such a store of living stock, small house, it being only necessary to hang supply to enable him to treat his friends with A large and very handsome boat was sent both large and small, I had not seen upon any up as many hammocks as there are persons. the most sumptuous liberality. He is gener- for our conveyance, having an awning at the estate since my arrival in the Western world. Neither beds, sheets, nor blankets are required, ous and social, and the riches of his table are stern to protect us from the sun ; and we were Here were large herds of cows, oxen, sheep, for the hammock includes them all, and serves dispensed with all the bounty of his nature. rowed across the mouth of the river by eight and goats ; droves of hogs, horses, and mules; as bedstead, mattress, and coverlet into the Instead of a plain cottage just rising from the of the finest slaves of the estate, who pulled us flocks of geese, turkies, ducks, Guinea fowls, bargain. wild woods of an infant settlement, we might on with surprising speed. At the landing place and chickens. A more gratifying assemblage have fancied ourselves feasting in one of the another party of slaves were in attendance of domestic plenty could scarcely be found in A second visit is described hospitable mansions of old England, nay, with horses in readiness to conduct us to the any country. Among the stock I should not in Vol III, Letter IV in some chartered hall, even, of voluptuous house. The sun was extremely powerful, but omit to mention a pen of living turtles kept London itself. we had a pleasant ride about a mile and a half in readiness for the table : whole droves of I have again been one of a party across The house is a compact dwelling, neatly through fields of cotton and of plantains; the crabs were also running about near the door; the river, to visit our princely neighbour Mr. built of plain wood, offering in its exterior negroes running at the horses sides, accord- and the neighbouring sea is at all times made Blair, who in this remote corner of the globe, nothing to attract the stranger’s eye, nor to ing to the custom of the country, as fast as we tributary to the board. Several hundreds of where others find it difficult to procure the bespeak the many luxuries within. It stands chose to ride. negroes employed at work, or moving from common provisions of the table, would seem on the border of the sea, open to the wide Hock and Seltzer water were presented place to place, improved the variety of the to have assembled an inexhaustible supply of ocean. Before it is an extensive and flat beach immediately on our arrival, and the time scene ; while they added essentially to the all the good things of life. It was a birth-day of firm sand, forming a pleasant ride, or walk until dinner was most gratefully occupied value of the home—for, like the cattle, these are festival, and perhaps a more choice and sump- at the side of the water. The estate is quite in its in the perusal of a packet of newspapers, just always included in calculating the stock of the tuous repast could not have been found, even infancy, being recently formed out of the rude arrived from England : than which perhaps a estate. Together with the multitude of domestic in the proud city of London. The dinner table forest, and indeed only now breaking into cul- greater treat could not have been offered us. productions at this all, supplying abode were exhibited a happy combination of English tivation. In great part of it the young plants of For dinner we had excellent soup, with boiled likewise some of the more rare and curious taste, and Irish hospitality. It was served in cotton are just shooting from the soil between fish, stewed fish, and fish in pie—also turtle, specimens—such as the small lion, monkey the style of Europe, and displayed a profusion the remaining stumps of trees lately destroyed. and crabs, most exquisitely dressed, and form- and the large powys, or wild turkey of the of the best and richest viands, without any of Yet notwithstanding the infant state of this ing two uncommonly rich and high-seasoned woods; also the trumpeter, the fly-catcher, and the more common dishes of the country, such hospitable home, it offers more of the good dishes. We had likewise a side of lamb, a fine several other uncommon birds. Our walk was as Moscovy duck, Guinea-fowl, kid, and the things of life, than I had seen at any other place goose, a large well-flavored ham, and a vari- highly gratifying, and offered much to excite, like. Amidst a crowded variety of other covers since leaving England. Having no market in ety of other good things. Pies, tarts, and a well as well as to interest our contemplations. We we had a large green turtle, with a great vari- the colony, each planter’s abode must necessar- compounded trifle followed, amidst a complete extended it to the sea beach, and found the sand ety of the best European vegetables, and, to ily furnish all within itself. No aid can be had course of sweets. The cook was quite a profi- flat and firm as a bowling green, and of a dark crown the feast, a complete course of sweets, from the butcher’s, or the baker’s, none from cient, and did every justice to the feast, the brown colour, whence it was neither liable to consisting of no less than four-and-twenty the green-grocer’s, or poulterer’s, the pastry- whole dinner being well dressed, and as well be blown into the eyes, nor to offend them by dishes. The fruits were endemic, and such as

24 25 London with all its riches cannot produce. The in existence on the banks of the River Exe mond House in a similar fashion. She engagements of her said present or any future drinking part of the feast was such as I have near Exeter and is now used as a wed- was also a neighbour of her sister-in-law, husband but shall be for her sole and separate described to you before. At no other house in ding venue. In his Will [33] he left his the sculptress Anne Seymour Damer, the use”. This stipulation may have arisen as the colony are such entertainments given. A estates in the West Indies to his nephew lady to whom Horace Walpole left Straw- a consequence of Williamza having been circumstance, which, together with the pau- James Blair Jnr who, after emancipation berry Hill House. “an heiress” all her life. The Rev. Calvert city of our ordinary supply, and indeed the in 1834, received £83,530 as compensation Williamza Damer died in 1825, leav- Moore, Williamza Budgen’s brother, was difficulty of procuring any fresh provisions from the British Government for his 1,598 ing a considerable fortune and several left a house in London as well as land and for our table, makes such a gala-day quite an slaves. He thus claimed for more slaves lands and properties [33], but Richmond tenements, part freehold and part copy- object of notice. To you, who have daily feast- and received more money than any other House she left specifically to her - God hold, in Twickenham. These may have ing before you, it can offer nothing remarkable. slave-owner in the British Empire. daughter, Williamza Budgen (née Moore), included the westward portion of Eel Pie You will not be surprized when I tell you that One needs to remember that Lambert the daughter of her close friend and Island, now a nature reserve, as Williamza the generous donor experiences the honorable Blair’s neighbours will have enjoyed the cousin, Henrietta. She also left Trust funds Damer, in common with other residents reward of luxury, by feeling, in his remotest fruits of his slaves’ labours, namely coffee, for both Williamza Budgen and any off- of Richmond House, is recorded in 1818 extremities, the pungency of his dishes.[32] sugar and cotton; and some of their spring she might have on condition that as paying rates for it. homes will have been built as a result of “she shall not be subject to the control debts or In 1809 Lambert Blair returned to Eng- their investment in the South Sea Com- land and married Jane Letitia Stopford, pany which dealt in slavery, so his busi- leaving his estates to be managed by a ness concerns and his black servant will relation. His elegant house, Courtland, have been quite acceptable. Williamza Budgen, mentioned in his memorial tablet, is still née Moore illiamza Moore, who This may be a suitable point to think Williamza Damer inherited Richmond about the reason why Richmond House House from her God- appeared to have so many inhabitants. ollowing the death of Lambert The Damer family seat was Milton mother, Williamza Twickenham was a village and its position Blair (1815), Richmond House Abbey (which is now a school). The adja- Damer, in 1825, mar- beside the Thames attracted the nobility became the property of Wil- cent town spoilt Joseph Damer’s dream ried John Robert Budgen in Twickenham as well as writers and artists. Many of liamza Damer, the widow of of rural living so he demolished it, built a Win 1823. Her father was Colonel Lorenzo the houses were the second homes of the the Hon. Lionel Damer, MP new village, Milton Abbas, and relocated Moore of the Battleaxe Guards in Dublin, well-off, within easy reach of London. For for Peterborough. Lionel Damer was the all the villagers there. The Damer London the equivalent of the Yeomen of the Guard men with government posts, connections fourth son of Joseph Damer, Lord Milton, home was in Park Lane and when it was at the Tower of London. Her grandfather with Court or business interests in town a F st later the 1 Earl of Dorchester. Williamza eventually sold and demolished the hotel was Sir Stephen Theodore Janssen who London house was essential. was the daughter of William Janssen, the that took its place became the Dorchester had lived in Richmond House in 1754 They probably also owned a house brother of Sir Stephen Theodore Jans- Hotel, named after the family. during his time as Lord Mayor of London, in the country with a landed estate, but sen who had originally lived in Rich- Williamza’s cousin, Henrietta Moore, when the Tracy-Kecks were the owners. travel to and from a distant Estate could mond House while he was Lord Mayor the daughter of Sir Stephen, had married John Budgen was a Captain in the be very time consuming. In the summer of London (1754/5). William and Ste- Lorenzo Moore and it is reported that Wil- Rifle Brigade and served in the Peninsula London was smelly and hot, and at times phen’s father, Sir Theodore Janssen, was a liamza moved to Twickenham to be near War, where he was injured twice, as well plague ridden, so Twickenham would founder member of the her cousin. She apparently admired her as the Battle of Waterloo. After he retired have been a refuge, somewhere to leave as well as a director of the South Sea Com- cousin’s home, Riverside House, adjacent he became a J.P. and was Deputy Lieuten- the family while popping backwards and pany and East India Company. Williamza to Orleans House, so pulled down Rich- ant for . He was also responsible for forwards to London, knowing that they was always referred to as “the heiress”. mond House and built the second Rich- family estates in Ireland. would have a good social life and lots of

26 27 friends, while enjoying fresh air. Many of ess of Dysart, who had inherited the title was there he built up an art collection of the the families were inter-related and a and estates at at the age of 76. Persian art, four items of which can still large proportion of them in Richmond He died in 1837 in York House and Mary be seen at the . He also George House could be traced to Horace Walpole died in Richmond a year later, after a very had an important collection of coins of in particular. short illness, leaving no family. ancient and modern Persian dynasties The Budgens were not the first people that he gave to the East India House. He Lenox- to treat Richmond House as what we was Chairman of the East India Company would think of nowadays as a “buy to let from 1844-47 and “an able, upright and hon- property”,and it is said that they enlarged oured member until it ceased”. Conyngham Richmond House in 1829 specifically for Lady Louth His lasting legacy is the rose he found the benefit of the Dowager Duchess of while he was in Persia - a bright yellow Roxburghe. They stayed in the property rose which he introduced into England in ccording to Kelly’s Direc- on and off until John Budgen’s death in Lady Louth is recorded in 1837. It is still on sale today and is known tory in 1855 George Lenox- their home in Jersey in 1866. Williamza The London Gazette as having as the Persian Yellow old rose. Conyngham was living in also died in Jersey in 1869. given birth to a daughter in His eldest son, Captain Francis Wil- Richmond House. His main Richmond House was never short of Richmond House in July lock, died during the Indian Mutiny in occupation was as Chief people wanting to stay there, as can be 1836. Research shows that 1857. Sir Henry died a year later in Castel- Clerk of the Foreign Office. His wife, Eliz- seen in Census Records and Directories she was Anna Maria née Roche, who nau House in in 1858 “after a life abeth, was a well known Romantic poet- such as Kelly’s. married her cousin Thomas Oliver Plun- of usefulness, honour and domestic felicity” A Ath ess. In Edward Hertslet’s “Recollections kett, 12 Baron Louth, an Irish Peer; her [35]. He is buried in . daughter was Augusta Anna Margaret of the old Foreign Office” [36] it is written: Plunkett. Saint Oliver Plunkett, the last “When a young man, Mr. Lenox Mary, Roman Catholic martyr to be executed Conyngham met with a severe gun acci- in England (in 1681), came from the same dent. He had just got on to the outside of family. The Hon. the Cambridge coach, at the Golden Cross Dowager Hotel, Charing Cross, intending to go into the country for a day’s shooting, when his Lady Anne gun, which had been loaded and was care- Duchess of lessly left resting against his leg, went off, and Sir Henry the charge entered the upper part of the thigh Murray of his left leg. He was at once removed from Roxburghe off the coach into the hotel, where his leg was Willock amputated near the hip joint. Some days later ary, Dowager Duchess of n 1816 Alexander Murray of the surgeons discovered that it had not been Roxburghe is believed to ir Henry Willock and his family Broughton married the Hon. Lady cut off quite high enough, and Mr. Conyn- have lived in Richmond are believed to have lived in Anne Bingham, the daughter of gham submitted, with wonderful courage, to nd House immediately after Richmond House sometime the 2 Earl of Lucan. Alexander having another slice taken off, and as this was it had been rebuilt and between 1836 and 1845. Murray became MP for Kircud- before the days of anaesthetics, his sufferings extended in 1829. She had been married Because of his “intelligence, bright in Scotland. In 1837 they bought must have been very great indeed, considering Mto William, 4th Duke of Roxburghe, whose knowledge of the language, conciliatory man- Iand lived in Orleans House, Twickenham that he was a very tall, stout, and heavy man. seat was at Floors Castle in the Scottish ners, and exemplary conduct, public and until Alexander’s death in 1845, when the He was very seldom seen with an artificial leg. S house was sold. Lady Anne Murray then Borders. He died in 1805. A year later in private” Sir Henry had been placed, in When in the office, he used to walk, or rather 1806 she married the Hon. John Tollem- 1815, in charge of the British Mission at lived in Richmond House until her death hop, about with a crutch under his left arm ache, the second son of Louisa, 7th Count- the Court of Tehran in Persia. While he in 1850. and a walking stick in his right hand. When

28 29 the weather was changeable and heavy rains they had a son nicknamed “Gino” who were expected, his sufferings were intense, and apparently died “young and under a I have seen him cry like a child with the pain. cloud” in Rio de Janeiro. It appears he Elizabeth At such times he was obliged to take large also had an illegitimate child with a lady doses of laudanum to alleviate the suffering, called Adelaide Theresa Nachtigall. but as soon as the rain actually fell, the intense His daughter Mary married Hayes St Maule pain ceased". Leger, 4th Viscount Doneraile, who died He was also a keen botanist and some tragically in 1851 having been bitten by he widowed Elizabeth Maule of his correspondence can be seen in the his pet fox, which had become rabid. is shown in the 1861 Census as Doneraile Papers in the National Library He contracted rabies and it is said that living in Richmond House. She of Ireland. These include letters from Sir he was smothered with pillows by the had been married to the Hon. William Jackson Hooker (Director of Kew housemaids both to spare him suffering William Maule Ramsay (1809- Gardens) concerning objects collected and prevent him spreading the disease to 1859) a wealthy Scottish landowner, who and exported by Foreign Office agents, others. had been an attaché in the Embassy in as well as references to Dr Livingstone. After this rather sad, though eventful T Turkey. His brother was the Hon. Lauder- Lenox-Conyngham was also an avid col- life, George Lenox-Coningham died on dale Maule, who died of cholera during lector of sea shells from around the world. November 26, 1866. the Crimean War; the name “Lauderdale” He married Elizabeth Holmes, daugh- and its links with the Dysart family of ter of the barrister Robert Holmes, and Ham House may explain why Elizabeth chose to live in Twickenham to be near a branch of her husband’s family. The census shows her living in the house as a “Widow and Landed Propri- Alexander Herzen etor”, with her four daughters, a govern- Auction details for sale of Richmond House, ess, a housekeeper, two Lady’s Maids, a 1923 (original kept at Local Studies Library, cook and two housemaids – 12 women. Richmond) uring the years 1855 – 1865 going to Paris, then Geneva and finally (Her two sons had died very young.) several different families arriving in London in 1852 where he There was a butler and his wife in the sta- in the domestic offices adjoining the house. stayed in the house for vari- remained until 1864, before returning to bles and a gardener in the lodge. The building, consisting of kitchen, scullery, ous lengths of time. Geneva. He died in Paris in 1870. servants’ hall, with three servants’ bedrooms, The first was Alexan- with the furniture, servants’ wearing apparel der Herzen, the Russian writer and politi- etc. was wholly destroyed. The cook, house- Dcal activist, who was there from January Lord maid, kitchenmaid, and nurse were sleeping in – March 1855. It seems that he very rarely the bedrooms and had a very narrow escape of stayed long in any one place. He was the being burnt to death, saving nothing but what illegitimate son of a wealthy member Montague they stood upright in. The building is insured of the Russian nobility who developed in the Sun Fire-office and the fire is thought to a deep sympathy for the peasants and n 27th June 1863 the York have originated in an overheated flue.” became an advocate of social reform Herald reported “Alarm- (Lenin pronounced him the father of Rus- ing fire at Lord Montague’s Which Lord Montague this refers to is sian ). His views led him to be – About half past four o’clock not made clear. Presumably the servants’ arrested and sent into internal exile but yesterday morning week a fire quarters were immediately rebuilt – they after receiving a large inheritance from broke out at Richmond House, Twickenham, are all included in the Auction catalogue his father he decided to leave Russia, first Othe residence of Lord Montague, originating of 1923. 30 31 1838 to1855 (during the potato famine) he her suite. The royal yacht at once moved off, filled the post of Commander-in-Chief in and her Majesty, accompanied by the Prince Field Marshal Ireland. Consort and the children, proceeded aft to the In August 1849, Queen Victoria and elevated space near the taffrail, where she was Prince Albert visited Dublin. When they in full view of the people, and remained there Sir Edward Blakeney arrived at Dublin Railway station they so long as she could have a distinct view of the were met by their own carriages. The features of the people who stood on the pier at ne of the most illustri- Queen, Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales which she embarked. ous owners of Richmond and the Princess Royal travelled in one Her Majesty then paced the deck for a House was Field Mar- carriage, and Prince Alfred and Princess little time, and on approaching the pier at the shal Sir Edward Blakeney. Alice, with the ladies-in-waiting, another. extremity of the lighthouse, where vast num- He was born in Newcas- As Commander-in-Chief, Ireland, Sir bers of people had congregated, she parted with tle-upon-Tyne, the fourth son of Colonel Edward rode on one side of the Queen’s the two ladies-in-waiting, with whom she had William Blakeney, who had fought in the carriage, Prince George of Cambridge on been up to this time in conversation, looked O the other, followed by an escort of sol- towards the crowd, ran along the deck with American War of Independence at the Battle of Bunker Hill, and later sat in the diers. the sprightliness of a young girl, and, with Parliament of Ireland.. “At the end of her visit to Dublin her the agility of a sailor, ascended the paddle-box, Edward Blakeney entered the army in Majesty and the Prince were escorted to the which, as our readers are aware, is a tolerably 1794, served in Ireland and in 1796 was water’s edge by a distinguished cortege who high one, and was almost at the top of it before sent to the West Indies to take Demerara, accompanied them in the royal special train she was observed by Prince Albert, who for Berbice and Essequibo from the Dutch. to Kingstown. Among the distinguished per- some time previously had been standing on As Lambert Blair (q.v.) was out there sonages who accompanied her Majesty to the its summit viewing the surrounding country. during this time, one wonders whether steamer’s gangway were the Viceroy and his Her Majesty on reaching the platform was their paths ever crossed. Blakeney was Countess, Lieutenant-General Sir Edward assisted by Prince Albert, and, taking his arm, captured and taken prisoner on three Blakeney, Sir George Grey, the Marquis of she gracefully waved her right hand towards separate occasions by privateers and on Londonderry... Her Majesty then proceeded the pier, and in return was greeted by the plau- one occasion kept in irons for nine days. to take a farewell of the distinguished group dits of thousands who crowded towards the He subsequently served in campaigns in around her. In the first place, her Majesty bade extremity of the pier." the Baltic, was present at the capture of a warm and affectionate adieu of the distin- (from Maitland Mercury and Hunter the city of Copenhagen and fought under guished group around her. In the first place, River Advertiser, NSW, [37]). the Duke of Wellington during the Pen- Field Marshal Sir Edward Blakeney (reproduced her Majesty bade a warm and affectionate insula War. He was severely wounded by kind permission of Fusiliers' Museum, Tower adieu to the Lady Lieutenant ; she then took He is recorded in Claytons Court through the thigh at Albuera, and at the of London) Lord Clarendon by the hand and bade him a Guide to London as staying in Richmond seige of Badajoz he was severely injured cordial adieu, and to the venerable and gallant House in 1853, 1860 and 1865, though I’m In 1815 following the Battle of Water- in the arm. For his service in Portugal veteran Sir Edward Blakeney she extended sure he was there for much longer. loo, he rejoined the Duke of Wellington he was appointed in 1812 a Knight of the a similar favour. But in parting with her In 1855 he was appointed Lieutenant- and was present at the surrender of Paris. Tower and Sword of Portugal, and he was princely cousin, Prince George of Cambridge, Governor of Chelsea Hospital, and in He subsequently commanded the first knighted in 1815. her Majesty bestowed upon him a less formal 1856 was its Governor. Brigade in the force sent to Portugal under In 1814 he married Mary, the daughter and more familiar salute, which made the said Further honours awaited: He General Sir William Clinton in 1826. In of Colonel Thomas Gardiner of the East Prince George the envied of many, and which was promoted Field-Marshal in 1828 he was appointed to the staff in Ire- India Company. Her unmarried sister, was ratified by the cheers of thousands in the 1862, and became Colonel-in- land and in 1832 succeeded Sir Alfred Louisa, and brother, Thomas George Gar- vicinity. Amidst the pealing of cannon and the Chief of the Rifle Brigade in 1865. Clarke as Colonel of the . diner (a retired Civil Servant), were both cheers of all, the Queen stepped on board, fol- His wife Mary died in the Chelsea Hos- During the long and trying period from Twickenham residents. lowed by the Prince, the royal children, and pital in 1866, aged 76. Blakeney survived

32 33 her by two years, dying in the same hos- bound to him by his unchanging cordiality there, Richmond House had big gates with a Luckily the Mackintoshes lived only pital on 2 August 1868, and was buried and warmth of affection. His memory is cher- coachman’s house on the right hand side and next door to the theatre, because it was in Twickenham six days later. They had ished, and his worthy deeds are written in the a plantation of small trees. Mrs Mackintosh ”computed by the police that at least 150 car- no children. hearts of all” [4]. was extremely indignant about the wall that riages were in waiting at the close of the per- It was said of him by Dr Mahoney, Many of those who had served with was put up along her garden and back premises formance. These extended to beyond The Grotto Inspector General of Hospitals, who had him attended his funeral, the first part when the new Town Hall was built. Also “Bell Hotel, Cross Deep, whilst there was also a long served under him in Portugal and had of the service of which was read in the Lane was a place of ill repute, down which, as string in the Heath Road. Such an immense enjoyed uninterrrupted friendship with chapel of Chelsea Hospital, and the con- also down Water Lane, we were never allowed number has never before been seen in Twicken- him for 57 years “One of the last of a long cluding portion in the graveyard of Oak to go – not that we ever wanted to!” ham on the occasion of any similar entertain- list of heroes, his strict impartiality and great Lane Cemetery in Twickenham. In 1881 George and Jane were present at ment”. kindness of heart endeared him to all with As they had no children, he passed the acting debut of Lily Langtry in the the- Jane continued to live in the house until whom he was in any way associated : he was Richmond House to his niece Jane Mack- atre in the Town Hall. Oscar Wilde was also her death, aged 93, in 1922, a lady of great beloved by all who knew him, from the young- intosh (née Gardiner), who was married to in the audience, his appearance described kindness, with wide knowledge and inter- est officer who sought his advice and the vet- George Gordon Mackintosh. They were in a review in The World as “the whiteness ests. eran pensioners over whom he ruled, to the the owners for more than 50 years until of whose cravat, plastron and waistcoat was When she died in 1922 “curtains were many relatives and personal friends who were Jane died. relieved by a kerchief of sunflower hue, thrust drawn and shops shut along the route of the with cunning carelessness into the last-named cortege”. garment”. The Richmond and Twickenham An obituary of Jane in a local news- Times, 26 November, 1881 wrote “After a paper describes her as “of wide culture and Mr and Mrs George too lengthy interval came Mr CM Rae’s clever extraordinary memory, an accomplished lin- comedietta “A Fair Encounter” in which Mrs guist, had keen interest in politics and current Langtry took the part of Lady Clare St John affairs, and was well known and beloved in Gordon Mackintosh ... This was a truly dainty bit of acting, which Twickenham”. would have been more appreciated if given half Both George and Jane were buried in St n 1868 Jane Mackintosh (née Gar- The Mackintoshes returned from India, an hour earlier, before many of the audience had Mary the Virgin Church in Twickenham, diner) inherited Richmond House where he was a district judge, in 1857, with begun to think of starting to catch the last up and to the left of the door leading to the from her uncle Field Marshal Sir George on sick leave, and a few years later train to Waterloo”. vestry there is a brass plate commemorat- Edward Blakeney. She and her hus- he retired. He became a magistrate for ing them. band, George Mackintosh, moved Invernessshire, Herefordshire and Middle- there from Sion House (2 Sion Row), sex and retired from that due to increasing IOrleans Road, Twickenham and remained deafness only five years before his death in there until Jane died in 1922. 1903 at the age of 91. Both he and Jane were Joseph Theophilus Mears George Mackintosh served in the involved in many charities and were both Bengal Civil Service and in 1846, after a loved and respected in the Twickenham ast, but by no means least, letics Ground, where he and his brother rapid courtship, married Jane with her community. the final owner of Richmond founded the Chelsea Football Club in father’s blessing “giving her to him with The 1891 census shows them living in House was Joseph Theophi- 1905. He acquired the Thames Electric the most perfect confidence of thus securing the house with a butler, cook, lady’s maid, lus Mears, though it's and Motor Launch Co on Eel Pie Island her happiness” [38]. He was said to be a housemaid and kitchen maid. There was a unlikely he ever lived there. in 1907, and built up a large fleet of pas- respectable highland gentleman who was coachman in the stables, and a gardener in He was just as colourful a character as senger launches on the Thames. He also well spoken of and very handsome. Jane’s the gardener’s cottage/lodge. Lthose who had preceded him through owned a group of cinemas in Richmond brother Tom thought she was too young to In the book “Mrs Alford Remembers” the centuries. as well as a coach company. He was take such an important step, especially as [39] he is described thus: “he was a dear Mears was a successful business man Mayor of Richmond in 1931. she was only 17 and was 17 years younger old man. His wife was a good musician, very whose greatest claim to fame was that he After Mrs Mackintosh's death in 1922 than George. fond of playing duets, At the time they were was the owner of Stamford Bridge Ath- Richmond House was put up for auc-

34 35 tion. The Council tried to buy the house 1927 and the land along King Street sold for possible use as the new Town Hall off to a property developer. Following a Acknowledgements and the land for road improvements petition by the residents of the Borough in the town centre, but were outbid by it was decided to build a public bath Joseph Mears who paid £10,100 for the house and swimming pool on the rest site and must have seen the purchase as of the site and this was opened in May an investment opportunity. A year later 1935 in time for 's Silver Jubi- in 1924, after complicated negotiations, lee. Later that year Joseph Mears died the Council eventually bought the house and was buried in , and grounds from Mears for £11,350. leaving an estimated fortune of £30mil- Later a decision was made to use York lion. House as the next Town Hall, so sadly Richmond House was demolished in

y first thanks must go to the Twickenham Museum and its website, because without their list of inhabitants of Rich- mond House I wouldn't have known where to start my research. Archivists have been extremely patient and help- ful at the Local Studies Collection at the Borough of Rich- mond-upon-Thames, Orleans House Gallery, the Public Record Office at Envoi MKew, the London Metropolitan Archives, Hertfordshire Archives, Westmin- ster Abbey and Fusiliers Museum. Special mention must go to the Archivist at Weston Park in Shropshire who pointed me towards Sally Goodsir, who in turn was extremely gener- ous in sharing with me her extensive research on the paintings in Richmond ery few people nowadays have ever heard of Richmond House, which House (awaiting publication). I am grateful to all of them for giving me per- is sad as it was a house the equal of its more famous neighbours, and mission to use their material in this booklet. it deserves to be remembered. The inhabitants throughout the cen- I have spent several months scouring the Internet, records, biographies turies have all played their part in the history of our country and in and history books – all too numerous to mention, but for their detailed his- many cases their ancestral homes are still here to be visited. Their tory I am particularly grateful to Edward Ironside for his History and Antiq- portraits can be seen hanging on walls in the National Portrait Gallery and vari- uities of Twickenham (1797) and R.S. Cobbett's Memorials of Twickenham ous stately homes throughout the country, the Elgin Marbles can be admired in the V (1872). British Museum, a few lucky collectors own the rare Battersea Enamel boxes, gar- And last but by no means least, my thanks go to my husband Jeremy, for deners can appreciate the Persian Yellow rose, fans can support Chelsea Football his constant support and encouragement over the past few months, without Club, and even the Duchess of Cambridge and her Middleton ancestors can claim which I think I would have given up long ago. to have a link with the life of Richmond House. Sue Hamilton-Miller

Thanks to the Heritage Lottery Fund, the REIC, Memories of Twickenham Riverside.

36 37 References 21. Jackson's Oxford Journal 31. Pinckhard G 1806 Notes on the 1. Borough of Twickenham Local His- West Indies Longmans tory Society: Medieval Twickenham 11. Survey of Twickenham Real Estate 22. National Archives accessed at: botlhs/local-history/twick- 1661 PROB11/1078/284 32. David Alston's “Slaves and enham/medieval Highlanders”http://www.spanglefish. 12. Macky J 1773 Memoirs of the 23. Book of Visitors p 431 com/slavesandhighlanders/ 2. Borough of Twickenham Local Secret Services of John Macky Esq History Society 1967 Population and p 58 24. Smith RV (ed) 1848 Letters 33. National Archives Housing 1664. addressed to the Countess of Ossory PROB11/1565/269 13. Collins AQ 1812 Peerage of Eng- by Horace Walpole. R Bentley 3. Acts of Parliament of Great Britain land: Genealogical, Biographical and 34. National Archives Part II 1737-1744. 1738 c4, 12 Geo 2 Historical. Vol 3 p 157 25. Old Bailey online 7 December 1774 PROB11/1701/121 (accessed at www.legislation.gov.uk/ changes/chron-tables/private/11 14. National Archives PROB11/504/121 26. Cliffe A 1828 Cambrian Tourist 35. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Soci- ety of Great Britain and Ireland 1859 4. Cobbett, RS 1872 Memorials of 15. National Archives PROB11/670/36 27. Aston N, Campbell Orr C (eds) vol 17 p v Twickenham Smith-Elder 2011 An Enlightenment Statesman 16. Horace Walpole to George Mon- in Whig Britain: Lord Shelburne in 36. Hertslet E 1901 “Recollections of 5. Document held at Local Studies tague Esq 1749 Letter XXXVII Context 1737-1805 p 48 Boydell Press the old Foreign Office” John Murray Library, Richmond accessed at http://www.archive.org./ 17. www.twickenhammuseum.org.uk/ 28. Shelton D 2009 Anthony Carlisle details/recollectionsso100hertgoog 6. George Fox's Journal 1658 p 280 house_detail.asp?HouseID=117 and Mrs Carver. Romantic Textualities Winter 2009 issue 19 37. Maitland Mercury and Hunter 7. National Archives PROB11/309/328 18. Namier LB, Brooke J (eds) 1964 http://www.cf.ac.uk/encap/romtext/ River General Advertiser, NSW. The History of Parliament: The House reports/rt19_n04.pdf Accessed at trove.nla.gov.au./ndp/del/ 8. Parry CH 1839 The Parliament and of Commons 1754- 1790 pp 430-431. article/698151 Councils of England, chronologically Secker & Warburg, London 29. Hortus Paddingtonensis: Or a arranged. p505 Catalogue of Plants Cultivated in the 38. Grant E 1911 Memoirs of a High- 19. London Metropolitan Archives Garden of J. Symmons, Esq., Padding- land Lady John Murray 9. www.olivercromwell.org/cromwell_ ACC 1379/43 pp 143 and 188 ton-House written by his gardener funeral.doc William Salisbury . 39. Borough of Twickenham Local 20. Cunningham P (ed) 1891 Letters of History Society Paper no. 21 1986 10. Publick Intelligencer accessed at Horace Walpole to Horace Mann 27 30. Phillips R 1808 The Monthly www.olivercromwell.org/cromwell_ May 1776 Magazine vol 25 p 260 funeral.doc

38 39 Richmond House is part of a Richmond Environ- mental Information Centre project entitled Memories of Twickenham Riverside, which is funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund

Authors: Sue Hamilton-Miller Professor Jeremy Hamilton-Miller

Project Manager: Berkley Driscoll Education Consultant: Teresa Read

Design and print: [email protected] 0780 361 1867

www.memoriesoftwickenhamriverside.com www.reic.uk.com

40