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Phytochemical and Biological Study of the Aerial Parts of Chrozophora

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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2016; 5(4): 17-24 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2016; 5(4): 17-24 Phytochemical and Biological Study of the Aerial Parts Received: 02-05-2016 Accepted: 03-06-2016 of Chrozophora oblongifolia (Delile) Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae) Mohamed R. Kamel Department of Pharmacognosy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit Branch, Assuit, Egypt Mohamed R. Kamel, Alaa M. Nafady, Ahmed E. Allam, Ahmed MM. Alaa M. Nafady Hassanein, Eman G. Haggag Department of Pharmacognosy, Al-Azhar University, Abstract Assuit Branch, Assuit, Egypt Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Chrozophora oblongifolia afforded four compounds isolated for first time from the species including: 1-octacosanol (1), lupeol (2), para-hydroxybenzoic acid Ahmed E. Allam Department of Pharmacognosy, (3) and methyl gallate (4), in addition to previously isolated compound, amentoflavone (5), were isolated Al-Azhar University, from methylene chloride and ethyl acetate subfractions of methanolic extract of C. oblongifolia aerial Assuit Branch, Assuit, Egypt parts. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of different physical, chemical and spectral techniques. The total extract and its subfractions showed variable in vitro antiviral activities against Ahmed MM. Hassanein Herps Simplex Virus (HSV-1), where the methanol subfraction showed highest antiviral activity (68.1%) Department of Pharmacognosy, and n-hexane subfraction showed lowest antiviral activity (25.1%). Total extract and methanol Al-Azhar University, subfraction showed significant wound healing activity on excision wound model in albino rats. Assuit Branch, Assuit, Egypt Keywords: Phytochemical; Chrozophora oblongifolia; Antiviral and Wound healing Eman G. Haggag Department of Pharmacognosy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt 1. Introduction Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants with 300 genera and around 7,500 species. Most spurges are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or (1) trees . Genus Chrozophora is a large genus belonging to family Euphorbiaceae with different species which possess different biological activities as C. oblongifolia which possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activity (2), C. hierosolymitana which possess antifungal and antiyeast activities (3), C. rottleri is traditionally used by the tribes and native medical practitioners for the treatment of various diseases, in Sudan, powdered stems or whole plant are applied to wounds to improve healing, in Ethiopia, an infusion of the seeds and leaves is taken as a laxative. The plant is also used medicinally in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and India (e.g. against jaundice and purifying blood), in Senegal, the plant is not browsed by most stock, except occasionally by sheep and goats, as it causes vomiting and diarrhea, where as in Kenya, camels graze it, in Nepal, juice of the fruit is given in cases of cough and colds, purifying agent (leaf) and laxative (seed), the leaves are very much beneficial in treating skin diseases (4) and also used as a depurative agent , On reviewing the available current literatures a few report on phytochemical and biological investigation on the plant C. oblongifolia have been obtained, and this enhances the interest of the phytochemical and biological investigation of the plant. 2. Material and methods 2.1. Instruments and Chemicals EI-MS was measured on JEOL JMS 600 Hz (Japan) and Shimadzu Qp-2010 plus (Japan). NMR analysis (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and DEPT) were measured on Bruker Mercury-VX-400 MHz spectrometer (Germany), Varian Mercury VX-300 MHz spectrometer (USA) and JEOL TNM-LA-400 MHz spectrometer (Japan) using TMS as internal standard. Column chromatography was carried on silica gel (70-230, mesh, E-Merck, Germany), Sephadex LH- 20 (Fluka, 25-100µm, Sigma-Aldrich chemicals, Switzarland), TLC was carried on precoated Correspondence: silica gel plates G60 F254 (E-Merck, Germany). The plates were examined under UV light at Mohamed R. Kamel Department of Pharmacognosy, (365 and 254 nm). The spots are sprayed with 10% v/v H2 SO4 in MeOH and heated at 110- Al-Azhar University, Assuit 140 0C till maximum spot intensity. Authentic reference materials lupeol and 4- Branch, Assuit, Egypt hydroxybenzoic acid were obtained from Pharmacognosy Departement, Fculty of Pharmacy, ~ 17 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Al-Azhar University, Assuit Branch, Assuit, Egypt. The 3. Extraction and isolation following solvent systems were used for TLC: The air-dried powdered aerial parts (4 Kg) of C. oblongifolia 1. Methylene chloride-methanol (95: 5 v/v) were extracted by maceration in methanol (70%) till complete 2. n-hexane - ethyl acetate (80:20 v/v) exhaustion [three times each 8 L, overnight]. The methanolic 3. Methylene chloride-methanol (93:07 v/v) extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure till 4. Methylene chloride-methanol (90:10 v/v) constant weight to give a dark brown syrupy residue (430g). All solvent used are of analytical grade. A part of the methanolic extract (400 g) was subjected to successive solvent fractionation on VLC with n-hexane, 2.2 Materials for antiviral activity methylene chloride (MC), ethyl acetate (EtOAC), methanol 2.2.1 Instruments (MeOH) and finally with aqueous methanol till complete Optical density data were acquired using ELISA reader (start exhaustion in each case to give n-hexane (30 g), MC (5 g), fax-2100/USA). ELISA incubator (Thermostar ELISA EtOAC (30 g), MeOH (180 g) and aqueous methanol (70 g) incubator/USA) and Jouan CO2 incubator/France). sub fractions. A part of the MC soluble fraction (4 g) was chromatographed 2.2.2. Chemicals over silica gel column chromatography (160 g), eluted with n- Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (SDS/France), Minimum hexane (100%), n-hexane-MC gradient elution, MC (100%) essential media (MEM) (Caisson/USA), Trypsin-EDTA 1:250 and finally eluted with MeOH (100%). Fractions 100 ml, each U (Molekulu/UK) and (3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5- were collected. Similar fractions were grouped and pooled diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole) (MTT) together, concentrated under reduced pressure to give 7 (Biobasic/Canada). subfractions labeled (MCF 1) to (MCF 7). Subfraction (MCF 2) was rechromatographed on silica gel column 2.2.3. Cells and viruses chromatography and eluted with n-hexane followed by n- VERO cell line (African green monkey kidney cells) and hexane-EtOAC gradient elution from (99:1) to (80:20), the Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) are obtained from Al- fractions eluted with n-hexane- EtOAC (98:2) afforded Azhar University Center for Viral Research and Studies. compound 1 (30 mg). Subfraction (MCF 5) was rechromatographed on silica gel chromatography and eluted 2.3 Materials for wound healing activity with n-hexane-EtOAC gradient elution from (98:2) to (80:20), 2.3.1. Chemicals the fractions eluted with n-hexane-EtOAC (93:7) afforded Thiopental sodium injection (500mg) obtained from Egyptian compound 2 (40 mg). International Pharmaceutical Industry Co (E.I.P.I.Co). NaCl A part of the EtOAC-soluble fraction (20 g) was (0.9%) obtained from (El-Nasr Pharmaceutical and Chemical chromatographed over silica gel column chromatography (800 Co., Egypt) (ADWIC). Gentamicin ointment (5%) obtained g), eluted with n-hexane (100%), n-hexane-EtOAC gradient from Memphis Co for Pharmaceutical industries. Bees wax elution from (99:1) to (75:25), EtOAC (100%) and finally and white soft paraffin obtained from (El-Nasr eluted with MeOH (100%). Fractions 100 ml, each were Pharmaceutical and Chemical Co., Egypt) (ADWIC). collected. Similar fractions were grouped and pooled together, concentrated under reduced pressure to give 10 subfractions 2.3.2. Animals labeled (EAF 1) to (EAF 10). Subfraction (EAF 5) was The healthy Wistar albino rats (20 rat) of either sex, weighing rechromatographed on silica gel column chromatography and 150–200 g, were housed under standard environmental eluted with MC- methanol gradient elution from (99:1) to conditions of temperature and humidity (25±0.50 ◦C) and 12 h (85:15), the fractions eluted with MC- MeOH (93:7) was light/dark cycle) were utilized for the studies. The animals collected to give (EAF 5') fraction (130 mg), which was were fed with standard pellet diet and water. The rats were further rechromatographed on sephadex LH-20 using MC- divided into four groups (5 rats in each). MeOH (1:1). Fractions 5 - 12 were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure, afforded compound 3 (20 mg). 2.3.3. Preparation of test ointments Subfraction (EAF 6) was rechromatographed on silica gel Total extract (T1) and methanol fraction (T2) of C. column chromatography and eluted with MC- MeOH oblongifolia aerial parts are incorporated into simple ointment gradients(98:2) to (80:20), the fractions eluted with MC- base in concentrations of 5% w/w and simple ointment base MeOH (92:8) was collected to give (EAF 6') fraction (85 mg), served as control preparation in this study. Gentamicin which was further rechromatographed on sephadex LH-20 ointment used as reference standard for comparison with using MC-MeOH (1:1). Fractions 4-7 were collected and tested ointments (total extract, methanol fraction and simple concentrated under reduced pressure, afforded compound 4 ointment base) (5). (15 mg). Subfraction (EAF 7) was rechromatographed on silica gel column chromatography and eluted with MC- 2.4. Plant material MeOH gradient elution from (98:2) to (85:15), the fractions The aerial parts of C. oblongifolia were collected in March eluted with MC- MeOH (90:10) afforded compound 5 (15 2013 from Saint Catherin, South Siniai, Egypt. The plant mg). identified and Authenticated by Prof. Dr. Salah El-Naggar, Compound (1): Obtained as white crystals from MeOH (30 Professor of Botany and Plant Taxonomy, Faculty of Science mg), m.p 83 0C. Rf = 0.68 (system, I) EI MS showed peak at Assuit University, Assuit-Egypt. A voucher specimen (COE- m/z 392 [M-H2O] +, other peaks at m/z 378 [M-H2O-CH2]+, 1) was kept in the Department of Pharmacognosy, Fculty of 364 [M-H2O-C2H4]+, 336 [M-H2O-C4H8]+, 308 [M-H2O- Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt.
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    JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY G. SCHUBERT T. G. HARTLEY PUBLISHED BY THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS DATES OF ISSUE No. 1 (pp. 1-104) issued January 13, 1967. No. 2 (pp. 105-202) issued April 16, 1967. No. 3 (pp. 203-361) issued July 18, 1967. No. 4 (pp. 363-588) issued October 14, 1967. TABLE OF CONTENTS COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES IN DILLENL ANATOMY. William C. Dickison A SYNOPSIS OF AFRICAN SPECIES OF DELPHINIUM J Philip A. Munz FLORAL BIOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICA OF EUCNIDE Henry J. Thompson and Wallace R. Ernst .... THE GENUS DUABANGA. Don M. A. Jayaweera .... STUDIES IX SWIFTENIA I MKUACKAE) : OBSERVATION UALITY OF THE FLOWERS. Hsueh-yung Lee .. SOME PROBLEMS OF TROPICAL PLANT ECOLOGY, I Pompa RHIZOME. Martin H. Zimmermann and P. B Two NEW AMERICAN- PALMS. Harold E. Moure, Jr NOMENCLATURE NOTES ON GOSSYPIUM IMALVACE* Brizicky A SYNOPSIS OF THE ASIAN SPECIES OF CONSOLIDA CEAE). Philip A. Munz RESIN PRODUCER. Jean H. Langenheim COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES IN DILLKNI POLLEN. William C. Dickison THE CHROMOSOMES OF AUSTROBAILLVA. Lily Eudi THE SOLOMON ISLANDS. George W. G'dUtt A SYNOPSIS OF THE ASIAN SPECIES OF DELPII STRICTO. Philip A. Munz STATES. Grady L. Webster THE GENERA OF EUPIIORBIACEAE IN THE SOT TUFA OF 1806, AN OVERLOOI EST. C. V. Morton REVISION OF THE GENI Hartley JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY T. G. HARTLEY C. E. WOOD, JR. LAZELLA SCHWARTEN Q9 ^ JANUARY, 1967 THE JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM Published quarterly by the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. Subscription price $10.00 per year.
  • Hazrat Et Al

    Hazrat Et Al

    Available online freely at www.isisn.org Bioscience Research Print ISSN: 1811-9506 Online ISSN: 2218-3973 Journal by Innovative Scientific Information & Services Network RESEARCH ARTICLE BIOSCIENCE RESEARCH, 2020 17(3): 1792-1797. OPEN ACCESS Medicinal value and taxonomic study of Euphorbiaceae from Dir upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Ali Hazrat1, Gul Rahim1, Abdur Rahim2, Ikram Ilahi2, Zakia Ahmad3, Tour Jan1, Wali Khan2, Bakht Naz6, Hussain Shah1, Zahid Fazal5, Muhammad Asif Nawaz7, Khan Sher4, Amir Hassan Khan4, Shabana Bibi4, Abid Ullah1and Mohammad Nisar1 1Department of Botany University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan 2Department of Zoology University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan 3Department of Botany University of Swat, KP, Pakistan 4Department of Botany Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir Upper, Pakistan 5Department of Botany University of Peshawar, Pakistan 6Department of Botany Hazara University Mansehra Dhodial, Pakistan 7Department of Biotechnology Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir Upper, Pakistan *Correspondence: [email protected] Received 17-04-2020, Revised: 29-07-2020, Accepted: 10-08-2020 e-Published: 18-08- 2020 Twelve species and five genera of Euphorbiaceae are described and recorded. Compare all the genera and species with one another based on similarities and differences. All the species are identified with the help of morphological characters and drawn a taxonomic key based on these characters. All the species collected in the study area is a new record from District Dir. Furthermore, the medicinal value of the selected plant species was also checked through questioner from the local people of the study area. The local people use these plants for different therapeutics purposes i.e.