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Artrópodos Y Salud Humana

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Artrópodos Y Salud Humana ARTRÓPODOS Y SALUD HUMANA MONOGRAFÍA Nº 1: CIENCIAS APLICADAS Fidel Fernández-Rubio ARTRÓPODOS Y SALUD HUMANA Gobierno de Navarr a Departamento de Salud Título: Artrópodos y salud humana Edita: GOBIERNO DE NAVARRA Departamento de Salud © Gobierno de Navarra Maquetación: Rebeca Arrarás Impresión: XXXXXXXXXXXXXX Diseño de cubierta: Alberto Navarro ISBN: XX-XXX-XXXX-X Dep. Legal: NA. XXXX/1999 Promociona y distribuye: Fondo de Publicaciones del Gobierno de Navarra (Departamentos de Presidencia e Interior) C/ Navas de Tolosa, 21 Teléfono y fax: 948 427 123 Correo electrónico: [email protected] 31002 PAMPLONA - IRUÑA A la memoria de mi padre, el Dr. Fidel Fernández, descubridor de la presencia en España de la amebiasis intestinal, Kala-azar infantil y Botón de Oriente, y mi amigo y compañero de andanzas penibéticas y naturalistas. Con mi más profundo cariño y admiración. PRÓLOGO ............................................................................................. 13 INTRODUCCIÓN.................................................................................... 15 ARTRÓPODOS PRODUCTORES DE PATOLOGÍAS SOMÁTICAS........ 19 Enfermedades causadas en forma pasiva ..................................... 21 – Enfermedades transmitidas por moscas ........................................... 21 – Enfermedades transmitidas por cucarachas .................................... 23 – Enfermedades transmitidas por mariposas....................................... 26 – Enfermedades transmitidas por hormigas ........................................ 29 Enfermedades causadas en forma directa .................................... 30 – Piojos...................................................................................................... 30 – Pulgas penetrantes ............................................................................... 35 – Larvas de moscas ................................................................................. 36 – Arador de la sarna................................................................................ 41 – Comezones de la piel .......................................................................... 44 – Ácaros trombicúlidos........................................................................... 45 – Garrapatas.............................................................................................. 46 – Arañas .................................................................................................... 48 – Alacranes............................................................................................... 59 – Ciempiés................................................................................................ 62 ARTRÓPODOS PRODUCTORES DE REACCIONES HIPERÉRGICAS .. 65 Por picadura .................................................................................... 67 Por picadura defensiva (aguijón)................................................................ 67 – Abejas ................................................................................................... 68 – Avispas y avispones ............................................................................. 70 – Hormigas............................................................................................... 71 – Mutílidos................................................................................................ 72 Picadura alimentaria (hematófagos) ......................................................... 72 – Mosquitos y moscas............................................................................. 73 – Pulgas .................................................................................................... 79 – Chinches................................................................................................ 81 – Otros artrópodos .................................................................................. 84 ARTRÓPODOS Y SALUD HUMANA 9 Fidel Fernández-Rubio Productores de reacciones hiperérgicas por contacto ................ 87 – Orugas ................................................................................................... 87 – Escarabajos........................................................................................... 92 – Milpiés .................................................................................................. 94 Por inhalación................................................................................. 96 – Ácaros .................................................................................................. 96 – Otros artrópodos .................................................................................. 97 ARTRÓPODOS TRANSMISORES BIOLÓGICOS DE ENFERMEDADES 99 Enfermedades por virus..................................................... 111 Síndromes febriles ......................................................................... 113 – Dengue ................................................................................ 113 – Fiebre del Nilo occidental ................................................ 115 – Fiebre Pappataci ................................................................. 116 – Fiebre del Valle del Rift ..................................................... 117 – Otras fiebres por virus transmitidas por mosquitos ....... 118 – Fiebre del Colorado ........................................................... 119 Síndromes encefalíticos ................................................................ 121 – Encefalitis equina del oeste............................................... 123 – Encefalitis equina del este ................................................ 124 – Encefalitis equina venezolana .......................................... 125 – Encefalitis de San Luis ....................................................... 126 – Encefalitis de California .................................................... 127 – Encefalitis japonesa ........................................................... 128 – Encefalitis del valle de Murray ......................................... 129 – Encefalitis de Rocio ........................................................... 130 – Encefalitis transmitidas por garrapatas ............................ 131 Síndromes hemorrágicos .............................................................. 133 – Fiebre amarilla ................................................................... 133 – Fiebre hemorrágica de Crimea ........................................ 135 – Fiebre hemorrágica de Omsk ........................................... 136 – Fiebre del bosque Kyasanur ............................................. 137 Enfermedades por bacterias convencionales ................... 139 – Peste............................................................................................... 139 – Tularemia ..................................................................................... 142 – Bartolenosis ................................................................................. 143 – Fiebre de las trincheras .............................................................. 144 10 ARTRÓPODOS Y SALUD HUMANA ÍNDICE Enfermedades por espiroquetas ........................................ 147 – Fiebre recurrente epidémica ............................................ 148 – Fiebre recurrente endémica ............................................. 150 – Enfermedad de Lyme ........................................................ 152 Enfermedades por rickettsias ............................................ 155 – Tifus exantemático epidémico ......................................... 156 – Tifus murino ........................................................................ 158 – Tifus de los matorrales ...................................................... 159 – Fiebre botonosa mediterránea ......................................... 161 – Fiebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas ................... 162 – Tifus de Queensland .......................................................... 163 – Fiebre siberiana .................................................................. 163 – Rickettsiosis pustulosa ....................................................... 164 – Fiebre Q................................................................................ 165 Enfermedades por protozoos............................................. 167 – Paludismos .......................................................................... 167 – Babesiasis (Piroplasmosis) ............................................... 173 – Enfermedades por tripanosomas .................................. 175 - Tripanosomiasis africanas ............................................ 176 - Tripanosomiasis americana ......................................... 182 – Enfermedades por leishmanias ...................................... 185 - Leishmaniosis visceral .................................................. 186 - Leishmaniosis cutánea ................................................. 188 - Leishmaniosis americanas ........................................... 189 Enfermedades por filarias.................................................. 193 – Filariasis linfáticas .............................................................. 194 – Filariasis por Mansonella ............................................... 197 – Loiasis .................................................................................. 199 – Dirofilariasis ........................................................................ 200 – Oncocercosis .....................................................................
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