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Spring 4-1-2012 The ohnJ Muir Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2012 The ohnJ Muir Center
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Recommended Citation The oJ hn Muir Center, "The oJ hn Muir Newsletter, Spring/Summer 2012" (2012). John Muir Newsletters. 94. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/jmn/94
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THE J 0 H N M U I R CENTER
FOCUSING ON PHOTOGRAPHY: AN
SPECIAL ANALYSIS OF JOHN MUIR'S POINTS OF PHOTOGRAPHY COLLECTION INTEREST: By Amanda Zimmerman Going for sittings at the photogra • Muir built a collection of over three thousand pher's studio was very popular at Outstanding Senior in Visual Arts-studio Art images obtained from the time and numerous friends and several noted photogra Class of 2012 University of The Pacific family would send portraits and re phers. quest photographs of Muir. • Although the collection The John Muir Papers at the Stereographs or stereo cards, includes roughly 3200 Holt-Atherton Special Collections at popular from approximately 1849 to images, evidence sup ports that John Muir the University of the Pacific Library 1925 were "both educational and was not a contributor to includes a large photograph collec entertaining."! Stereo cards were his own collection. tion that reveals patterns in Muir's comprised of two almost identical
• California and Alaska interests. While photographs of ge images placed side by side on a are the dominant sub ography, trees, and botanical im piece of card stock creating a three jects in the collection. ages dominate the collection, images dimensional image when set in a Roughly 575 images, of native peoples and wildlife were stereo viewer or stereoscope. the vast majority of California views, are of constantly interwoven. In the course Finally, the wet-plate or glass Yosemite's vistas. of his lifetime, Muir built a collec plate photographic process was de tion to over three thousand images veloped to help make large, highly obtained from several noted photog detailed prints. The wet-plate proc raphers. ess enabled photographers of the INSIDE THIS I S S U E: In a collection as large as Muir's, West to take their cameras out on Focusing on there are many differing photo location to conduct photographic Photography: An graphic processes and trends in surveys of the landscape. To accom 1 Analysis of John Muir's cluding tintypes, cabinet cards, modate the vast landscapes, many Photography Collection stereographs, and glass plate prints. of the photographers would use "Women as History- Tintypes or ferrotypes, printed on a large cameras that held glass-plate Makers in California" 2 sheet of thin black iron that could negatives up to 20" x 24". This proc Symposium be tinted or colored, were a very in ess was revolutionary in the history expensive and a less fragile way for of photography, because of its Cruising in Muir's 3 people to send portraits of them enlargement capabilities while also Footsteps selves to others. maintaining the sharpness of the Many of the portraiture photo images. Book Review: The 9 Making of Yosemite graphs in the Muir Papers are cabi Although the collection is made net cards, which was in common up of roughly 3,200 images from John Muir Botanical use during his adult life. Cabinet numerous photographers, evidence Area under construction 10 cards consist of images printed then supports that John Muir was not a at University of the mounted on card stock and were contributor to his own collection. In Pacific nearly four times the size of stan a letter written to C. H. Merriam in dard photographs on card stock. 1901, Muir writes, "I never took a
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"WOMEN AS HISTORY·MAKERS IN CALIFORNIA" SYMPOSIUM The 59th California symposium with note on the theme of nected these with mod History Institute was "Placing Women in Chinese women in the ern sororities on the held this past March California History," state's history giving Stockton campus. Mi at University of the emphasizing how examples from the era chelle Khoury from Pacific. This year's women have remained of the Gold Rush to the Santa Clara University theme was "Women as in the background in twentieth century of informed all of the strug History-Makers in most texts on the Chinese women who gle of Native American California." The event state's history, despite broke the stereotype of women after the Gold was planned and co their achievements as those who came to Rush as they faced dis organized by Edith shapers of social, eco "Gold Mountain." crimination, stereotyp Sparks (Senior Associ nomic, political and These include Au Toy, ing, and graphic ridicule ate Dean of the Col legal themes unique to one of San Francisco's for traditional lifestyles lege), Jennifer Hel California. Alice Van most successful busi and attempts to survive gren, Assistant Profes Ommeren, a local ness women who in the hostile environ sor of History, Corrie Stockton historian, owned houses of pros ment of Anglo-California. Martin, Director of the provided case studies titution and gambling, "Women and Environ Women's Resource of leaders among Ana May Wong, the mental Justice" was the Center, and W. Swa women during Stock most famous Chinese theme of the final panel, gerty, Director of the ton's "Golden Age," American actress in which included an over John Muir Center. 1890-1940. Her case the state's history; Jay view by Professor Nancy On Friday, March 23, studies ranged from Snow Wong, the cele C. Unger of Santa Clara twenty students and Lottie Gunsky, a career brated Bay-area ce University on women as faculty motored to teacher (1853-1922), to ramicist; March Fong "Nature's Housekeepers," Sacramento to tour Lilla Miller Lomax Eu, first Asian and case studies by the California Mu (1859-1941), Stock American Secretary of Tracy Perkins, U.C. seum. Exhibits on ton's first female medi State; and Betty Suan Santa Cruz and Teresa "California's Remark cal doctor, to Laura Chen, who received the DeAnda, Director of the able Women," "Women DeForce Gordon ( 1838- Presidential Citizen Committee for Well Being and the Vote," and 1907), suffragette and Medal in 20 10 for her of Earlimart on citizen permanent exhibits attorney who was the social work among the action in policy and pes including California's first woman in the U.S. homeless. ticide reform Hall of Fame provided to own a newspaper, to Student papers by (respectively). individual biographi Edna Gleason ( 1914- Pacific's own Christi Jennifer Helgren cal introductions to 1961), the first woman ana Oatman and closed the symposium around 120 women in to serve on the Stock Devon Clayton focused with remarks on "what the state's history. A ton City Council and on women and campus we have learned," tying moment at the President of the Cali life and organizations. the exhibits in Sacra "Constitutional Wall" fornia Pharmaceutical Clayton traced the his mento at the California also reminded all of Association. tory of women's literary Museum with the papers the importance of Dawn Bohulano societies going back to and presentations given California's begin Mabalon of San Fran the San Jose campus on campus. nings and its contin cisco State University (1871-1924) and con- ued promise to native connected her own born and immigrants family's history with alike. Stockton's large Fili Historians, stu pino community, not dents, environmental ing that within the city, activists, and commu "Little Manila" once nity organizers came housed the largest together in Grace community of Filipinos Covell Hall on Satur outside of Manila itself. day, March 24, to After an Asian hear presentations. theme luncheon, Pro Edie Sparks and co fessor Emerita of author Jessica Weiss American Studies, of California State, Judy Yung (U.C. Santa East Bay, opened the Cruz) provided the key- PAGE 3
ARCHIVIST'S CORNER
Cruising in Muir's Footsteps exactly where he stood when he made the photo! By Michael Wurtz This "sense of place" in history has been Holt-Atherton Special Collections captivating to me ever since. In 2010, I trav University of the Pacific Library eled to Alaska for the first time, and I wanted to find John Muir's "footprints." Muir's trips focused on Southeast Alaska, and I was go ing mostly into the interior. Fortunately, Muir and I did cross paths - albeit 111 years apart - in Prince William Sound and Cook Inlet. Muir was with the Harriman expedition in 1899, and I was on the Wurtz-Cosper trip of 2010. Dan Cosper's father was stationed at Whittier in the 1950s, and there are many glacier cruises that embark from there. I gathered information on the cruise routes and compared them to Muir's drawings and journals and notebooks. I harvested scans of the journals from the John Muir Papers web site (go. pacific. eduj specialcollections), tran scribed the text I could read, printed them out, and stuck them in Ziploc bags. Our ini tial trip to the Port Wells glaciers was to in clude a half-dozen more glaciers on the Col lege Fjord, but our mighty boat the Klondike Express broke down, leaving us narrating stories and songs of that fateful cruise. The next day brought clearer skies and another glacier cruise to complete the mission. I could never triangulate most of the drawings as precisely as I was hoping, but the following were the best "rephotography" and they helped me to see Alaska as Muir saw it.
Years ago as a history graduate student at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff, I worked closely with the geography and geol ogy departments. One of the geology grad students was involved with a project tore photograph the Grand Canyon 100 years af ter Robert Brewster Stanton had surveyed and photographed a possible route for a rail road along the banks of the Colorado River in 1890 (Grand Canyon, A Century of Change: Rephotography ofthe 1889-1890 Stanton Ex pedition by Robert H. Webb 1996). The notes and markers that Stanton left made it possi ble to set up cameras in 1990 for precise re Muir's notes indicate that he had drawn this "opp[ osite] Homer P.O. photography. The grad student had told me [Post Office]". The Post Office had moved many times, and the local that in one case they found Stanton's foot museum could not clarify its location in 1899. I went to an overlook behind town and snapped this photo from the about the same angle, but prints encased in petrified mud and knew not the same aspect.
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(continued from page 1) single photograph in my life."2 was a principal photographer of the Photographers such as, Carleton Yosemite Valley. He began in San Watkins, George Fiske, Edward Cur Francisco and soon was working tis, Theodore Lukens, and C. H. Mer with Watkins and Eadweard Muy riam stand out within the collection bridge in Yosemite. In 1879 Fiske because of their thorough survey of moved to the Yosemite Valley and western landscapes or their contri was the first full-time resident pho bution to conserving or restoring tographer. s Fiske was able to photo them. graph the valley during every season. Carleton Watkins is known as one Muir responded to a threat to Fiske's of the great photographers of the residency in the valley in 1905, "I West. In the summer of 1861, Wat don't believe there is the slightest kins took his "mammoth plate cam danger of your being turned out of era" (18" x 22" glass plate negatives) Yosemite Valley. If only one photog to Yosemite to create highly detailed rapher should be left in the Valley, I images of the Valley. According to think every right-minded person in the Getty Museum, he created a the country would agree that you comprehensive photographic survey, were that one."6 lt)~~
~4 tte 1864 tJf tfwx ~ tte
~~uw~, ~~tteWaj Carlton Watkins captured landscapes of the West. Muir _Ftte~ may have used this photograph of an irrigated orange grove in San Gabriel as a guide to tending his own ~~~" orchards. (f15· 764 John Muir Papers Holt-Atherton Special Collections©1984 Muir Hanna Trust)
The extent of Muir and Watkins relationship is relatively indefinable, but in a letter from William Keith to Muir in 1909, Keith tells of Watkins' son selling photographs from his fa George Fiske took "A Glimpse of El Capitan" in the summer and winter of 1880. His photographs of the Yosemite are very ther's collection because Watkins comprehensive and document the valley well. was approaching blindness and fi (f47-2722, f47-2723 John Muir Papers Holt-Atherton nancial hardship had left the family Special Collections ©1984 Muir Hanna Trust) in need. Keith suggests, "I gave him $50.00 and I think you ought to do The self-taught photographer something."4 Theodore Lukens used photography George Fiske is prominent in for his extensive research of trees. As John Muir's photo collection too, and a member of the Sierra Club, he was PAGE 5 a friend of John Muir's and an active conservationist and forester. In a let ter written to John Muir from Lukens in 1897 about a stand of especially large oak trees near Santa Barbara, he states, "Don't you think I had bet ter go up and measure the trees ac curately, photograph them, and col lect acorns and sprays of the foliage to send to you and Mr. Sargent."7 C. Hart Merriam must have taken this photograph of a porcupine in Tuolumne Meadows in 1901 strictly for documentation as it is not aesthetically pleasing. (f45·2559 John Muir Papers Holt-Atherton Special Collections ©1984 Muir Hanna Trust)
As the appointed photographer of the 1899 Harriman Expedition, Ed ward Curtis expansively documented the trip to Alaska. While on the expedi tion, Curtis began to gain an interest in the native peoples of the region and Muir and Theodore Lukens corresponded about what was devoted the rest of his career to study probably this large Oak that Lukens found near Santa ing and documenting Native American Barbara. The photograph was taken by Lukens and probably sent to Muir along with some acorns and branches. tribes. (f18·940 John Muir Papers Holt-Atherton Special Collections ©1984 Muir Hanna Trust)
C. Hart Merriam, another ama teur photographer, focused on zool ogy, ornithology, and later ethnogra phy. Muir wrote letters to Merriam &rfw~4 requesting photographs of varying subject matter for his books, "Can ~~ you let me have a few telling photos of Sierra birds and beasts? bears, ~~ ' squirrels, chipmunks, neotoma, Edward Curtis captured this image of Inuit children in Alaska on S~,
collection. As may be expected, In another letter Muir expressed roughly 575 images, the vast major his gratitude for a photograph of a ity of California views, are of Yosem sugar pine sent by George King. Muir ite's vistas, trees, waterfalls, and was very interested in the pine and more. wanted to know more about it. A surprising amount of images of "Where did you find that magnificent native peoples, their dwellings, and sugar pine? The finest specimen I hieroglyphics from places like Ya have ever seen in a photograph. How semite, Alaska, Arizona, Utah, Africa, tall is it, and how large in diameter 4 South East Asia, and Japan also feet from the ground?"lo surface in the collection. In addition to using photography As a naturalist, geologist, bota for research, Muir used photographs nist, and writer, Muir used photogra in his conservation efforts. The col phy to examine all living things at lection consists of many photographs the locations he visited. He sent him of logging, mining, railroads, and self photographic postcards with Hetch Hetchy. Muir expresses his flowers, landscapes, and native peo joy of receiving some photographs ples to add to his collection. Muir ~a~ , from King again, "I have received also received photographs from his with many thanks your magnificent ~ . ~ , friends - especially images of trees. Hetch Hetchy photographs, a very Many people sent him specimens telling lot." He went on to express, anJ W!Ub, ~ and photographs of trees to identify "We are having a hard fight for Hetch ~~ or learn about new species. Lukens Hetchy but think we will win. Help again sent Muir a letter in 1897, "On all you can."11 ta~ait' my way home I met Mr. C. Knapp ... , ~-...... and he has promised to send me [a] fwMlj~altf.e branch and photo of an oak tree at ~k~ . his place 32 feet in cir. And he thinks it is the largest in this coun try." He went on to note, "I will go up and photo it and get branches and acorns and send you some photos."9
POST CARD Muir seems to have also collected photographs that document the exploitation of the land and the abuse of natural resources. This one is titled, "Culling timber in Oregon" and was planned to be used in a book. (f34-1933 John Muir Papers Holt-Atherton Special Collections ©1984 Muir Hanna Trust)
Despite John Muir's focus on na ture, he collected nearly 800 images of his family and friends throughout his life. During the 19th and 20th centuries photography became a popular device for sharing one's life. Nicole Hudgins claims that, "the photo album of the 1890's was a sort of Victorian Face book, in the sense that dozens or even hundreds of por traits were preserved, displayed, and Muir would purchase postcards to document botanical circulated among social and family specimens that he found on his travels. (f20-1084 Pillsbury Picture Co. John Muir Papers Holt networks."l2 In Muir's correspon Atherton Special Collections ©1984 Muir Hanna Trust) dence it was not uncommon that a PAGE 7 portrait was either mailed to or from ENDNOTES him. Although known for being alone 1. Ron and Maureen Willis, in nature, many photographs reveal "Photography as a Tool in Genealogy." his good disposition and love of peo Retyped by Ted Swift (Mountain View, ple. In one of the most touching of CA). images of the collection, one can see 2 . Letter from John Muir to C. Hart Mer the joy and love that Muir feels when riam 1901 Dec 31. John Muir Papers, surrounded by his grandchildren. A Holt-Atherton Special Collections ©1984 large number of images that are in Muir Hanna Trust. cluded in the Muir Papers illustrate 3 . "Carleton Watkins." Getty Museum. the importance of people in his life. http:/ jwww.getty.edu/artjgettyguide/ artMakerDetails?maker= 1989&page= 1 Accessed April 02, 2012. 4 . Letter from William Keith to John Muir circa 1909. John Muir Papers, Holt ~~ Atherton Special Collections © 1984 Muir Hanna Trust. F~~w_ 5 . Views of Yosemite: George Fiske, 1880-1890. Bancroft Library. Online Ar ~.~ chive California Library. http:// ~=V~ www.oac.cdlib.orgjfindaid/ ark:/ 13030/ tf238nb395 /. ~·~~ 6 . Letter from John Muir to George Fiske, ~ (continued from page 3) Surprise Glacier was an easy one to spot with its distinctive medial moraine. Our tourist boat did not get as close in as Muir, so I was unable to get the exact angle or aspect. The drawings do not capture the detail that a photograph can, but the "Catarack Gl[acier]" on the left seems to have receded quite a bit. This was on the Harriman Fjord of Port Wells of Prince William Sound. The focus of this drawing and photograph is actually a tributary of the Serpentine Glacier. The Serpentine Glacier itself is the debris-covered glacier that we can only see entering the Fjord in the foreground from the right. It appears that the tributary has receded quite a bit. All drawing pages are from June-July 1899, Harriman Expedition to Alaska, Part II , Reel 29 Journal 3, John Muir Papers, Holt Atherton Special Collections, University of the Pacific Library. © 1984 Muir-Hanna Trust. Cascade Glacier was one the steepest we saw on our cruise. We did not get close enough to see it quite like Muir on the Harriman expedition in 1899. On many occasions, Muir had the opportunity to get off the boat and hike around. Barry Glacier is on the right. PAGE 9 BOOK REVIEW The Making of Yosemite: James Mason Hutchings to Muir due to their shared interest in the scenery and the Origin of America's Most Popular National and wonders of California and especially Yosem Park. By Jen A. Huntley. (Lawrence: University ite. She argues that Hutchings should be appreci Press of Kansas, 2011. xi +232 pp. Illustrations, ated independent of the iconic Muir. Hutchings maps, notes, bibliography, index. $34.95.) pioneered many conventions with use of lithogra phy, photography and innovations in tourism Occasionally a book alters our general under that established "Yosemite-as-Eden" (p. 5), well standing of an individual and that person's place in before Muir's arrival in 1868, putting to practice history. This study is one of those, shedding new Frederick Law Olmsted's theory of the redemptive light on James Mason Hutchings (1820-1902). potential of landscape in post-Gold Rush, post Born in Towcester, Northamptonshire, England, Civil War America. She uses William Cronan's Hutchings grew up in the geographic center of Eng framework in his "The Trouble with Wilderness" land, the sixth child of William, a carpenter, and to question justification for exclusion of human Barbara, a paper lace maker. Lured to America by permanence and private holdings within public George Catlin's touring exhibit of American Indian parklands. To Hutchings (and his biographer), portraits, Hutchings immigrated to California in sublimity and commercialism were not foes; 1848 and located himself in Placerville during the rather they partnered to promote the birth and height of the Gold Rush. In 1855, after seven years growth of what became the National Park System. of part-time mining, part-time real The irony to Huntley is that on estate speculation, and occasional most issues, Hutchings was on newspaper editing, Hutchings visited the same page with Muir and Yosemite, a tipping point in his life. other Progressive-era conserva Seeing opportunity in promoting Cali tionists, but because of his per fornia, Hutchings moved to the valley, sistence in retaining private hold established himself as an entrepre ings (for which he was hand neur in Yosemite, providing services somely paid by the government for tourists and building a hotel, saw after losing in court in 1873), he mill, and other facilities, some of the is remembered for that act rather earliest infrastructure within the fu than his innovations and promo ture national park. From 1855 to his tion of what became "America's death in 1902, Hutchings' life and the best idea." Anglo expropriation and promotion of "Stubborn, irascible, but in Yosemite were inextricably linked. ventive and ever-adaptable" (p. This is the second recent biogra 142), Hutchings married four phy of Hutchings, and goes well be times and always managed to yond Dennis Kruska's James Mason land on his feet, owning a Califor- Hutchings of Yo Semite: A Biography and Bibliogra nia native plant seed business in San Francisco phy (San Francisco: Book Club of California, 2009), after leaving Yosemite in 1875. He returned to which emphasizes his contributions in print, nota live in the valley in 1880 as "Guardian," manag bly letter sheets, almanacs, and Hutchings' Califor ing the state's Yosemite Grant's for four years, nia Magazine (1856-1861). Through careful and advocating extension of the boundaries, an un thorough research, Hundley introduces a man we popular view which cost him his job. For the have not known, a misunderstood businessman, next two decades, Hutchings traveled, lectured, husband, father, and patron of the arts and sci and botanized between San Francisco and the ences, who has received mixed treatment by previ Sierra, suffering a fatal accident near El Capi ous scholars more interested in the history of the tan in 1902 when his horse bolted. park itself or in others who are associated with Yo This is an important study in that it forces a semite's evolution, notably John Muir. Most see new view of Hutchings, firmly placing him in Hutchings as self-serving if not greedy, especially in the vortex of California-in-transition from the light of his legal battles in the 1870s to retain lands Gold Rush through the Gilded Age. Several preempted decades earlier and expanded into a chapters repeat similar information, but the small commercial empire. Muir's employer from No book accomplishes its goal while not diminish vember, 1869 to July, 1871, Hutchings is usually ing the importance and legacy of Hutchings' introduced in that context, and as husband to Elvira main distracter, John Muir, with whom he Sproat-Hutchings, who may have more than be shared more similar values than biographers of friended Muir, contributing to her leaving the valley both men have acknowledged. in 1875 and divorce from her husband in 1880, who had already remarried the previous year. Huntley uncovers in Hutchings a parallel spirit W. R. Swagerty PAGE 10 JOHN MUIR BOTANICAL AREA UNDER CONSTRUCTION ON CAMPUS AT UNIVERSITY OF THE PACIFIC This past spring, Michael Shea, a senior majoring in Environmental Studies with an emphasis on geology, completed a John Muir Center Internship that has led to a new Muir Botanical project on campus. Shea researched "Muir and the Big Trees" as a student in the John Muir course as a sophomore and followed up by identifying plants that Muir documented and/ or col lected that would be appropriate to the soil and climate of this campus. Shea found over sixty plants, many of which will be come a part of the new area, near student dormitories just north of Callison Hall. For his good effort, Shea was named the John Muir Center's Outstanding Senior for 2011- 12 at the spring College awards ceremony. Other Muir Center initiatives are being im Number: 3 plemented on campus, including a student Plant Name: Bird's-Eyes garden, sponsored in part by Whole Earth Scientific Name: Gilia tricolor Foods, and continued expansion of recy PH Requirements: slightly acidic cling operations thanks to Shanna Eller, Soil Texture: medium Director of Sustainability. Sunlight Tolerance: full sunlight Climate Requirement: California Cen Mr. Shea's plant file is set up as a catalog. tral Valley Most interesting are the entries that include Drought Tolerance: high Muir quotes. Following are a few of the Water Requirements: low watering catalog entries: Additional Information: San Joaquin Valley is its native habitat Muir Quote: "In beauty and simplicity Number: 1 they might be allowed to dwell within the Plant Name: Bentgrass sight of Calypso." -John Muir Scientific Name: Agrostis stolonifera PH Requirements: slightly acidic Soil Texture: fine to medium Sunlight Tolerance: full sunlight Climate Requirement: Northern California Drought Tolerance: low Water Requirements: average watering Additional Information: does not grow well with other plants Muir Quote: "Grass a species of Agrostis, with tall, unbranched, strong stem and panicle of purple flowers, arches above the low velvet sod-like tropic bamboo." -John Muir PAGE 1 1 Number: 7 Plant Name: California Anemone Scientific Name: Carpenteria califomica PH Requirements: slightly acidic Soil Texture: medium Sunlight Tolerance: full sunlight Climate Requirement: Sierra Nevada Mountains Drought Tolerance: average Water Requirements: average watering Additional Information: San Joaquin is its native habitat Muir Quote: "Bounding to a certain hill side in Wisconsin where the Anemone nuttallia came in clouds of spring and a dozen species of goldenrods and asters Number: 15 gathered and added gold to gold and pur Plant Name: Douglas Spruce ple to purple in autumn." -John Muir Scientific Name: Pseudotsuga douglasii PH Requirements: slightly acidic Soil Texture: medium, coarse Sunlight Tolerance: full to partial sunlight Climate Requirement: Northern Cali fornia Drought Tolerance: low Water Requirements: average Additional Information: Muir Quote: "This tree is the king of the spruces, as the Sugar Pine is the king of pines. It is by far the most majestic spruce I ever beheld." -John Muir Number: 11 Plant Name: Chain Fern Scientific Name: Woodwardia areolata PH Requirements: acidic Soil Texture: fine Sunlight Tolerance: partial sunlight, full shade Climate Requirement: American Northeast Drought Tolerance: low Water Requirements: high Additional Information: usually grows near the edge of ponds Muir Quote: "Ferns, tall Woodwardia and gentle floating maidenhair and em erald mosses in sheltered coves even wet with mealy spray are precious and luxuriant fringes of maidenhair and thickets of tall Woodwardia." -John Muir to Jeanne Carr SICN L'P H)R THE ELECTRONIC VERSION BY CONT\CTINC: [email protected] T H E J 0 H N MUIR C E N T E R University of the Pacific 3601 Pacific Avenue Stockton, California 95211 ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED THE JOHN MUIR CENTER The John Muir Center promotes the Center was established in 1989 with study of John Muir and environmental the following objectives: ism at the University of the Pacific and beyond. • To foster a closer academic rela tionship between Pacific and the Center Objectives larger community of scholars, students and citizens interested As one of California's most important in regional and environmental historical figures, John Muir (1838- studies. 1914) was a regional naturalist with • To provide greater opportunities global impact. His papers, housed in for research and publication by the library's Holt-Atherton Special Col Pacific faculty and students. lections, are among the University's most important resources for scholarly • To offer opportunities for out-of research. classroom learning experiences. • To promote multi-disciplinary Recognizing the need both to encour curricular development. age greater utilization of the John Muir Papers by the scholarly community, Phone: 209.946.2527 and the need to promote the study of Fax: 209.946.2318 California and its impact upon the E-mail: [email protected] global community, the John Muir