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Education – Relationships – Play Multifaceted Aspects of the Internet and Child and Youth Online Safety Edited by Agnieszka Wrońska, Rafał Lew-Starowicz, Anna Rywczyńska Education – Relationships Play Education – Relationships – Play Multifaceted Aspects of the Internet and Child and Youth Online Safety Education – Relationships – Play Multifaceted Aspects of the Internet and Child and Youth Online Safety Areas: The Internet – social and legal contexts The Internet – selected aspects of child and youth protection Edited by Agnieszka Wrońska Rafał Lew-Starowicz Anna Rywczyńska Warsaw 2020 KEY CONCEPTS SERIES, VOL. 6 Education – Relationships – Play Multifaceted Aspects of the Internet and Child and Youth Online Safety Areas: The Internet – social and legal contexts The Internet – selected aspects of child and youth protection Scientific Editors: dr Agnieszka Wrońska, Rafał Lew-Starowicz, Anna Rywczyńska Cooperation: Agnieszka Rybińska Reviewer: prof. dr hab. Mirosław Grewiński Chief editor: Tomasz Mrożek Translation into English: Poliglota Cover design: Artur Ładno Design: Diana Makulska/Podpunkt DTP: Print: TOP DRUK Łomża Publisher: Foundation for the Development of the Education System National Agency of the Erasmus+ Programme Al. Jerozolimskie 142a, 02-305 Warsaw www.frse.org.pl | [email protected] © Foundation for the Development of the Education System, Warsaw 2020 ISBN: 978-83-66515-08-6 This publication has been developed with the financial support from the European Commission in the framework of the Erasmus+ programme. The information and views set out in this publication are those of the authors and the European Commission may not be held responsible for the use, which may be made of the information contained herein. Special thanks you to the NASK for contribution to this publication. Free copy Citation: Education – Relationships – Play. Multifaceted Aspects of the Internet and Child and Youth Online Safety (ed.), Foundation for the Development of the Education System, Key Concepts Series, vol. 6, Warsaw 2020. More FRSE publications: www.czytelnia.frse.org.pl FRSE Publishing House periodicals and portals: Table of Contents 9 Introduction 1 The Internet – social and legal contexts 14 The Internet, socialisation and youth – from the perspective of contemporary social paradigms Marek Konopczyński, Filip Konopczyński 38 A child in a web of threats – risky online behaviours of youth as a challenge for education Maciej Tanaś, Sylwia Galanciak 64 Virtual world as a place where young people establish and maintain relationships Anna Andrzejewska 84 Selected aspects of the e-Safety in the Pan-European legislation and in the Polish education system Rafał Lew-Starowicz 106 From Internet safety to digital citizenship – practices and perspectives Janice Richardson 132 Are young people digital natives? Analysis of selected research findings Jacek Pyżalski 2 The Internet – selected aspects of child and youth protection 146 Praxeological dimension of the prevention of threats related to the activity of children and young people in cyberspace Józef Bednarek, Adam Andrzejewski 172 How to develop safer online behaviours? Karl Hopwood 194 Faces of privacy – challenges and opportunities related to informed participation in the virtual world Agnieszka Wrońska, Anna Rywczyńska 212 Business models in online gaming and their implications for the protection of minors Anne Mette Thorhauge 230 Safe gaming Jeffrey Goldstein 256 Practical tips on how to use interactive technologies in a correct, safe and healthy manner Veronica Samara Home 282 Cybersafety – practical aspects of schools’ activities in eTwinning and Erasmus+ programmes Adam Stępiński, Jolanta Gradowska 300 Conclusion 303 Bibliography 320 Netography Home Home 9 Introduction Ensuring children and young people’s safety when they use information and communication technologies and inspiring them to use digital tools in a creative and responsible manner are the main challenges carers and educators face today. As youngsters have their first online experiences at ever younger ages, parents and educators of very young children need to confront these issues, too. Young people cannot imagine their lives without access to the Internet, which they perceive as a fundamental right. A growing number of schools, acting in cooperation with external stakeholders, take prevention measures to this end. These are accompanied by a noticeable increase in the number of initiatives reported each year as part of events like Safer Internet Day. However, new Internet challenges and the system of values promoted by bloggers and extremely popular portals, whose only goal is to achieve a maximum number of visits, are phenomena that lessen the influence of families and schools on how children perceive the world. Cooperation of international teams, public awareness campaigns and the use of research findings aim at developing students’ digital competences and skills, while respecting the rights and dignity of Internet users. The issue of cybersecurity is also extremely important for teachers and students involved in eTwinning and Erasmus+ projects run by the Foundation for the Development of the Education System (Fundacja Rozwoju Systemu Edukacji, FRSE). These undertakings promote the young generation’s responsible behaviour on the Internet, indicating proven ways of online functioning and methods of dealing with threats. This publication aims to help readers better understand the virtual world, which is steadily entering our daily lives, and discuss selected aspects of this dynamically changing space. It presents social research on the phenomenon of the World Wide Web. Home 10 It is thanks to this research that we can attempt to analyse the current situation relating to children’s and young people’s use of new media. We can also look back to the past and try to anticipate trends, opportunities and threats that may become part of online activity in the near future. An excellent example of research that allows us to trace the path of ever- -changing online reality is the international research network which aims to raise awareness of the opportunities, risks and safety of European children online. It uses a wide variety of methods to map the Internet experiences of young people and their parents and to engage in dialogue with national and European political stakeholders. This project funded by the European Commission has made it possible to follow developments in Internet use since 2006. On the Polish market, similar goals are pursued by the “Nastolatki 3.0” [Teenagers 3.0] research carried out cyclically since 2014. This publication presents both risks and opportunities brought about by the Internet. Its contributors are major figures in educational circles in Poland and abroad. They have made a significant contribution to research into phenomena occurring online and created models and recommendations in the field of media education. Due to the chosen perspective and the complexity of issues presented here, the publication is divided into two parts. The articles featured here present structured information on risks and on the role which media education should play in monitoring and preventing online threats, as well as detailed data on computer games and the importance of a sustainable approach to gaming. Readers can become acquainted with reflections on “digital natives” and “digital immigrants”, which form a basis for inquiring whether today’s young people really are indigenous inhabitants of the virtual world and whether they really differ significantly from previous generations. The authors analyse the Internet’s potential as an area of young people’s socialisation, learning, privacy management and building digital citizenship. It is assumed that this publication will be of help when solving everyday dilemmas, such as how to protect children and youth from harmful content. The goal is to raise awareness among teachers and parents so that they can effectively protect children from the challenges of the global network and from undertaking risky behaviours. Agnieszka Wrońska, Rafał Lew-Starowicz, Anna Rywczyńska (editors) Home Home 1 Home The Internet – social and legal contexts Home The Internet, socialisation and youth – from the perspective of contemporary social paradigms Marek Konopczyński, Filip Konopczyński The article attempts to describe the dominant social science’s discourses related to the phenomena of youth socialization into internet-mediated environment. The authors present major paradigms conceptualizing new forms of socialization and examine their validity and usefulness in analyzing processes induced by the ongoing technological revolution. In the second part the article examines the impact of new cultural practices on spheres associated with emotions, aggression and personal identity-creation strategies among the contemporary youth. Keywords: internet youth socialisation pedagogics education students social media Home The Internet, socialisation and youth... 15 Paradigms of social and pedagogical sciences in the face of socialisation on the Internet The issue of the functioning of young people within the space of the Internet is as multifaceted and complex as the whole process of psychophysical and social human development, and for this reason alone we should beware of simplifications, generalisations and hasty conclusions. Due to the importance of the problem and the scale of interest, many researchers, striving to obtain answers to the questions asked, often formulate them based on partial